24:
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215:. It was started by Samuel E. Hardy and John T. Burgett with Frederick Douglass Parker, who also served as the newspaper's first editor. It was a weekly paper, with an edition each Friday containing news, editorials, advertisements, and a literary page. Subscription rates were affordable, only two dollars a year, but the paper was already struggling financially by the end of 1886.
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in March 1901. Each
Saturday, each of these offices published an edition of the newspaper. Each edition had the same national news, feature articles, and editorials, but carried its own local and social news. The word "Western" was dropped from the paper's name in 1889, to reflect its national reach.
223:
In
December 1886, Parker resigned as editor and a new management team took over. Prominent St. Paul businessmen Thomas H. Lyles and James Kidd Hilyard led the team and put their own money into the paper to save it. In February 1887, the team reorganized under the name Northwestern Printing Company.
199:
area. African-American newspapers were common at the time, but few of them lasted longer than a year, since they were started for cultural purposes more than commercial ones. There had been many previous
African-American newspapers in St. Paul, including one printed in 1876 also named the
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served as a community organizer. It was a place for
African Americans to express their frustrations, find common ground, and call for action. After 1900, with the growth of
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Adams was an influential writer and a staunch
Republican, and like other editors of his day, he expressed his opinions through his paper's editorial page. The
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178:, it was published in six separate editions in cities across the United States at the height of its popularity. In 1889 the newspaper changed its name to
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_____. "John Adams and the
Western Appeal: Advocates of the Protest Tradition". Master's thesis, University of Nebraska at Omaha, 1971.
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continued publication in St. Paul, and Adams remained its editor until his death on
September 3, 1922. Adams's son, John Jr, took over
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as editor. But by
January 1887, Parker had resigned again to take another position. Lyles and Hilyard then promoted associate editor
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_____. "Pilgrim's
Progress: Black St. Paul and the Making of an Urban Ghetto, 1870-1930". PhD diss., University of Minnesota, 1977.
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slowly got smaller and closed its regional offices. Its last regional office, Chicago, closed in 1913.
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354:, as editor in April 1923. The newspaper struggled, however, and it was sold to a competitor, the
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541:, edited by June Drenning Holmquist, 73-91. St. Paul: Minnesota Historical Society Press, 1981.
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170:) was a weekly newspaper published from 1885 to 1923. It was one of the most successful
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In
January 1888, Adams opened a regional office for the paper in Chicago. His brother,
247:. He had moved to St. Paul in 1886 at the request of Lyles and Hilyard to work at the
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251:. With his promotion, Adams became the driving force behind the newspaper.
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It provided job order printing services in addition to publishing the
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for several years, until that company went out of business in 1925.
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In 1885 there were less than 1500 African-American residents in the
358:, later that year. The two papers were merged and published as the
424:. St. Paul: Minnesota Historical Society Press. 1988. p. 89.
381:"Minnesota: Racial Tensions and Politics in the Twentieth Century"
253:
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of the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. Founded in
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outright and supervised both its business and editorial sides.
231:
Lyles and Hilyard initially convinced Parker to return to the
228:, which kept the paper afloat financially over the long term.
239:
to editor. Adams had been editor of a similar newspaper, the
2510:
Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License
204:. It had no affiliation with the paper established in 1885.
539:
They Chose Minnesota: A Survey of the State's Ethnic Groups
421:
They Chose Minnesota: A Survey of the State's Ethnic Groups
320:
National Association for the Advancement of Colored People
385:
Black America: A State-By-State Historical Encyclopedia
286:
to even more readers. Other regional offices followed:
2412:
National Association of Black Journalists Hall of Fame
549:"John Quincy Adams: St. Paul Editor and Black Leader."
270:, another common practice for newspapers of the time.
503:"About Western appeal. (Saint Paul, Minn.) 1885-18??"
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2527:African-American history in Minneapolis–Saint Paul
326:, the influence and importance of newspapers like
387:. Santa Barbara, Calif.: ABC-CLIO. p. 416.
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68:Parker Burgett & Hardy Publishing Company
8:
16:
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978:
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182:to reflect its expanded geographic scope.
22:
15:
2537:Defunct newspapers published in Minnesota
2417:National Newspaper Publishers Association
2407:National Association of Black Journalists
266:even received funding directly from the
211:was first published on June 5, 1885, in
1803:The Colored American (Washington, D.C.)
1789:The Colored American (Augusta, Georgia)
371:
483:from the original on 10 September 2015
338:As the twentieth century progressed,
7:
2500:This article incorporates text from
1796:The Colored American (New York City)
537:Taylor, David Vassar. "The Blacks".
350:and hired a young graduate student,
2557:Publications disestablished in 1923
2552:1923 disestablishments in Minnesota
2532:Defunct African-American newspapers
14:
2433:Perry Publishing and Broadcasting
1740:Charlottesville-Albemarle Tribune
554:43, no. 8 (Winter 1973): 282-296.
515:from the original on 6 April 2015
2547:1885 establishments in Minnesota
2494:
2467:Genius of Universal Emancipation
1104:African-American News and Issues
379:Hornsby, Jr. Alton, ed. (2011).
258:Editor John Quincy "J. Q." Adams
2125:Southwestern Christian Advocate
438:from the original on 2023-05-10
401:from the original on 2023-04-18
310:Like other papers of its time,
2542:Newspapers established in 1885
1:
2245:The Colored American Magazine
316:African-American civil rights
2055:The Philadelphia Independent
1465:Minnesota Spokesman-Recorder
1079:The Washington Afro-American
717:Minnesota Spokesman-Recorder
360:Northwestern Bulletin-Appeal
28:June 13, 1885 front page of
1174:The Burning Spear Newspaper
604:African American newspapers
282:, ran it. This brought the
172:African American newspapers
2573:
1985:The Mississippi Enterprise
318:organizations such as the
303:By this time, Adams owned
2454:Abolitionist publications
1258:The Jacksonville Advocate
1223:Florida Sentinel Bulletin
833:Red Wing Republican Eagle
598:
274:Expansion and name change
191:Background and foundation
76:Frederick Douglass Parker
60:Frederick Douglass Parker
21:
2224:Black Issues Book Review
2153:The Winter Park Advocate
1195:The Charleston Chronicle
1072:The Philadelphia Tribune
1964:Metro Herald (Virginia)
1754:The Chicago Conservator
1567:The Sacramento Observer
1370:Winston-Salem Chronicle
1300:The New Orleans Tribune
1265:Jacksonville Free Press
1139:Baltimore Afro-American
1086:The Washington Informer
1058:New York Amsterdam News
812:Owatonna People's Press
592:Newspapers in Minnesota
511:. Library of Congress.
2460:The Anti-Slavery Bugle
2402:Associated Negro Press
2329:Our Women and Children
2181:Afro-American Sentinel
2111:The Seattle Republican
1574:San Francisco Bay View
1479:The St. Louis American
1458:The Michigan FrontPage
1209:The Christian Recorder
1044:New Pittsburgh Courier
1000:African American press
696:Finance & Commerce
657:St. Paul Pioneer Press
259:
197:Minneapolis–Saint Paul
1782:The Cleveland Gazette
1444:Indianapolis Recorder
1416:The Cincinnati Herald
1293:New Journal and Guide
1244:Houston Forward Times
909:Hibbing Daily Tribune
763:Crookston Daily Times
356:Northwestern Bulletin
257:
2378:Visions Metro Weekly
1971:The Michigan Citizen
1894:Indianapolis Freeman
1656:Arkansas State Press
1649:The Aliened American
1642:The Alaska Spotlight
1532:Los Angeles Sentinel
1409:The Chicago Defender
1402:The Chicago Crusader
1349:The Triangle Tribune
1272:The Louisiana Weekly
1153:The Baptist Vanguard
868:West Central Tribune
847:Stevens County Times
784:Marshall Independent
777:Faribault Daily News
298:in August 1892, and
245:Louisville, Kentucky
2371:Transition Magazine
2076:The Progressive Era
1978:Mirror of the Times
1950:Memphis Free Speech
1901:Indianapolis Leader
1831:Detroit Plaindealer
1684:Atlanta Independent
1430:Fort Wayne Ink Spot
1321:Richmond Free Press
1279:Louisville Defender
1181:Carolina Peacemaker
1118:Atlanta Daily World
937:Saint Paul Dispatch
826:The Bemidji Pioneer
742:Austin Daily Herald
703:La Matraca Magazine
689:The Catholic Spirit
622:Duluth News Tribune
508:Chronicling America
213:St. Paul, Minnesota
176:St. Paul, Minnesota
127:St. Paul, Minnesota
97:Political alignment
18:
2139:The Washington Sun
2132:The Washington Bee
2062:Pittsburgh Courier
2048:The People's Voice
1943:The McDowell Times
1733:The Carolina Times
1691:The Black Dispatch
1493:St. Louis Sentinel
1451:Michigan Chronicle
1356:Tri-State Defender
1202:The Charlotte Post
1111:Atlanta Black Star
944:The Saturday Press
861:Waseca County News
749:Albert Lea Tribune
330:began to decline.
260:
114:Ceased publication
2490:
2489:
2204:
2203:
2104:The Rights of All
1936:Louisville Leader
1922:Jackson Eagle Eye
1873:Frost Illustrated
1866:Freedom's Journal
1810:Daily Negro Times
1698:The Black Panther
1670:Athens Republique
1622:
1621:
1553:Portland Observer
1511:Arizona Informant
1423:The Columbus Post
1342:Tennessee Tribune
1314:The Orlando Times
1216:The Dallas Weekly
1037:Buffalo Criterion
967:
966:
951:Southwest Journal
819:Pine City Pioneer
770:The Daily Journal
756:Brainerd Dispatch
671:Winona Daily News
552:Minnesota History
431:978-0-87351-231-2
394:978-0-313-34112-0
280:Cyrus Field Adams
237:John Quincy Adams
157:
156:
79:John Quincy Adams
2564:
2498:
2481:The National Era
2217:Black Enterprise
2118:The Shining Star
2069:Portland New Age
2027:New National Era
1726:California Eagle
1539:Los Angeles Wave
1363:The Village Beat
1335:Savannah Tribune
1251:Jackson Advocate
1237:Houston Defender
1230:The Florida Star
1160:Birmingham Times
1125:Atlanta Inquirer
1051:The New York Age
1030:Bay State Banner
1019:
1012:
994:
987:
980:
971:
902:East Side Review
681:Special interest
585:
578:
571:
562:
525:
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520:
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492:
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473:"Western Appeal"
468:
447:
446:
444:
443:
416:
410:
409:
407:
406:
376:
322:(NAACP) and the
300:Washington, D.C.
290:in August 1888,
268:Republican Party
164:(originally the
115:
40:Weekly newspaper
26:
19:
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2571:
2567:
2566:
2565:
2563:
2562:
2561:
2517:
2516:
2491:
2486:
2442:
2421:
2390:
2350:Sister 2 Sister
2200:
2160:The Woman's Era
2097:Richmond Planet
2083:Ravenswood Post
2006:Nashville Globe
1999:Muhammad Speaks
1838:Detroit Tribune
1824:The Denver Star
1712:Boston Guardian
1618:
1600:
1518:Black Lens News
1498:
1486:St. Louis Argus
1375:
1328:Roanoke Tribune
1286:The Miami Times
1167:Black Chronicle
1146:Baltimore Times
1091:
1001:
998:
968:
963:
916:Hundred Flowers
880:
729:
676:
650:St. Cloud Times
636:Minnesota Daily
609:
608:
594:
589:
534:
529:
528:
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294:in April 1889,
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221:
193:
188:
113:
81:
77:
59:
58:John T. Burgett
57:
56:Samuel E. Hardy
32:
12:
11:
5:
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2201:
2199:
2198:
2191:
2188:The Enterprise
2184:
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2170:
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2149:
2142:
2135:
2128:
2121:
2114:
2107:
2100:
2093:
2086:
2079:
2072:
2065:
2058:
2051:
2044:
2041:Pacific Appeal
2037:
2034:The North Star
2030:
2023:
2016:
2013:The Negro Star
2009:
2002:
1995:
1988:
1981:
1974:
1967:
1960:
1953:
1946:
1939:
1932:
1925:
1918:
1915:Iowa Bystander
1911:
1904:
1897:
1890:
1883:
1876:
1869:
1862:
1855:
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1817:Dallas Express
1813:
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1613:The Final Call
1608:
1606:
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1581:Seattle Medium
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1307:Oklahoma Eagle
1303:
1296:
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1282:
1275:
1268:
1261:
1254:
1247:
1240:
1233:
1226:
1219:
1212:
1205:
1198:
1191:
1188:The Carolinian
1184:
1177:
1170:
1163:
1156:
1149:
1142:
1135:
1128:
1121:
1114:
1107:
1099:
1097:
1093:
1092:
1090:
1089:
1082:
1075:
1068:
1065:Our Time Press
1061:
1054:
1047:
1040:
1033:
1025:
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1009:
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997:
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989:
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923:Industrialisti
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905:
898:
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882:
881:
879:
878:
871:
864:
857:
850:
843:
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829:
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815:
808:
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798:Mesabi Tribune
794:
787:
780:
773:
766:
759:
752:
745:
737:
735:
731:
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728:
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684:
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639:
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629:The Free Press
625:
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573:
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559:
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545:
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533:
530:
527:
526:
494:
471:Huber, Molly.
448:
430:
411:
393:
370:
369:
367:
364:
335:
332:
284:Western Appeal
275:
272:
264:Western Appeal
249:Western Appeal
233:Western Appeal
226:Western Appeal
220:
217:
209:Western Appeal
202:Western Appeal
192:
189:
187:
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167:Western Appeal
155:
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42:
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38:
34:
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30:Western Appeal
27:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
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2513:
2511:
2507:
2503:
2497:
2493:
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2476:
2475:
2474:The Liberator
2471:
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2395:Organizations
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1719:The Broad Ax
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1677:Athens Voice
1675:
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1546:Oakland Post
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517:. Retrieved
506:
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485:. Retrieved
440:. Retrieved
420:
414:
403:. Retrieved
384:
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324:Urban League
311:
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123:Headquarters
92:June 5, 1885
29:
2504:, which is
2301:The Horizon
2195:Omaha Guide
2020:Negro World
1929:Louisianian
1852:The Equator
1768:The Circuit
1747:Chicago Bee
1705:Black Times
1588:The Skanner
791:The Journal
614:Major daily
487:17 February
352:Roy Wilkins
334:Later years
219:Early years
83:Roy Wilkins
2521:Categories
2508:under the
2438:Real Times
2252:The Crisis
2146:The Appeal
1472:Omaha Star
1007:Newspapers
895:City Pages
532:References
442:2020-11-07
405:2020-11-07
348:The Appeal
344:The Appeal
340:The Appeal
328:The Appeal
312:The Appeal
305:The Appeal
288:Louisville
180:The Appeal
161:The Appeal
100:Republican
53:Founder(s)
48:Broadsheet
17:The Appeal
2336:Right On!
2280:The Fader
2209:Magazines
1525:The Facts
1022:Northeast
734:Community
292:St. Louis
152:10153837
139:2163-7083
65:Publisher
2506:licensed
2502:MNopedia
2343:The Root
1887:Harambee
1605:National
1388:The Call
854:Villager
840:Sentinel
710:MinnPost
513:Archived
481:Archived
477:MNopedia
436:Archived
399:Archived
241:Bulletin
105:Language
2447:Related
2294:theGrio
2273:Essence
1859:Freedom
1627:Defunct
1380:Midwest
886:Defunct
805:Monitor
547:_____.
519:3 April
186:History
108:English
89:Founded
2287:Fire!!
2266:Emerge
2238:Clutch
1015:Active
958:Wiarus
930:Ripsaw
724:Racket
428:
391:
296:Dallas
148:number
73:Editor
45:Format
2259:Ebony
1096:South
366:Notes
243:, in
2364:Tint
2357:Soul
2315:King
1992:Mojo
1503:West
521:2015
489:2013
426:ISBN
389:ISBN
207:The
146:OCLC
134:ISSN
118:1923
37:Type
2385:YSB
2308:Jet
2231:BLK
1908:Ink
2523::
505:.
479:.
475:.
451:^
434:.
397:.
383:.
2512:.
993:e
986:t
979:v
584:e
577:t
570:v
523:.
491:.
445:.
408:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
