87:
104:
83:, of controversy. Whereas the purpose of logic is classically said to be a method of arriving at the truth, dialectic, says Schopenhauer, "... on the other hand, would treat of the intercourse between two rational beings who, because they are rational, ought to think in common, but who, as soon as they cease to agree like two clocks keeping exactly the same time, create a disputation, or intellectual contest."
478:
599:
122:
however varied the subjects of discussion and the persons taking part therein, the same identical tricks and dodges always come back and were very easy to recognize. This led me at the time to the idea of clearly separating the merely formal part of these tricks and dodges from the material and of displaying it, so to speak, as a neat anatomical specimen.
126:
He "collected all the dishonest tricks so frequently occurring in argument and clearly presented each of them in its characteristic setting, illustrated by examples and given a name of its own." As an additional service, Schopenhauer "added a means to be used against them, as a kind of guard against
121:
The tricks, dodges, and chicanery, to which they resort in order to be right in the end, are so numerous and manifold and yet recur so regularly that some years ago I made them the subject of my own reflection and directed my attention to their purely formal element after I had perceived that,
481:
134:
to cover up its shortcomings is no longer suited to my temperament and so I lay it aside." He then recorded a few stratagems as specimens for anyone in the future who might care to write a similar essay. He also included, in
150:
Dialectics". It contains thirty–eight stratagems and many footnotes. There is a preliminary discussion about the distinction between logic and dialectics. E. F. J. Payne has translated these notes into
English.
71:. In it, Schopenhauer examines a total of thirty-eight methods of defeating one's opponent in a debate. He introduces his essay with the idea that philosophers have concentrated in ample measure on the rules of
623:
538:
86:
618:
717:
514:
703:
130:
However, when he later revised his book, he found "that such a detailed and minute consideration of the crooked ways and tricks that are used by common
770:
552:
382:, Edited by Arthur Hübscher, Translated by E.F.J. Payne, Vol. III, "Berlin Manuscripts (1818-1830)," Berg, Oxford/New York/Munich, 1989,
613:
558:
507:
458:
444:
431:
406:
387:
367:
741:
710:
473:
from
Coolhaus.de, translated by T. Bailey Saunders in 1896. It shows the English translation parallel to the German text.
500:
566:
673:
649:
633:
580:
573:
113:
667:
306:
679:
724:
545:
166:
628:
685:
749:
655:
103:
523:
335:
277:
68:
28:
661:
454:
440:
427:
402:
383:
363:
330:
247:
420:
325:
154:
764:
439:, 1851; English Translation by E. F. J. Payne, Clarendon Press, Oxford, 1974, Vol 2,
188:
76:
131:
223:
67:; 1831) is an acidulous, sarcastic treatise written by the German philosopher
425:
The Art of Always Being Right: Thirty Eight Ways to Win When You Are
Defeated
399:
The Art of Always Being Right: Thirty Eight Ways to Win When You Are
Defeated
340:
257:
80:
453:, Volume III, English Translation by E. F. J. Payne, Berg Publishers Ltd.,
598:
487:
470:
360:
Art of Always Being Right: Thirty Eight Ways to Win When You Are
Defeated
177:
169:
described by
Schopenhauer, in the order of their appearance in the book:
139:, Volume 2, § 26, an outline of what is essential to every disputation.
320:
147:
492:
102:
85:
72:
496:
146:
left after
Schopenhauer's death include a 46-page section on "
539:
On the
Fourfold Root of the Principle of Sufficient Reason
157:
edited T. Bailey
Saunders' English translation in 2004.
734:
695:
642:
606:
530:
34:
24:
20:The Art of Being Right: 38 Ways to Win an Argument
65:Eristische Dialektik: Die Kunst, Recht zu behalten
48:The Art of Being Right: 38 Ways to Win an Argument
39:Eristische Dialektik: Die Kunst, Recht zu behalten
107:Basis of all dialectic, according to Schopenhauer
60:Eristic Dialectic: The Art of Winning an Argument
211:Choose Metaphors Favourable to Your Proposition
243:Meet Him With a Counter-Argument as Bad as His
182:Generalize Your Opponent's Specific Statements
718:Schopenhauer and the Wild Years of Philosophy
508:
75:, but have not (especially since the time of
8:
237:Generalize the Matter, Then Argue Against it
19:
704:Critique of the Schopenhauerian philosophy
515:
501:
493:
18:
301:A Faulty Proof Refutes His Whole Position
289:It Applies in Theory, but Not in Practice
286:Put His Thesis into Some Odious Category
351:
271:Persuade the Audience, Not the Opponent
214:Agree to Reject the Counter-Proposition
208:Generalize Admissions of Specific Cases
298:Bewilder Your Opponent by Mere Bombast
79:) engaged with the darker art of the
7:
553:The World as Will and Representation
234:Interrupt, Break, Divert the Dispute
16:1831 treatise by Arthur Schopenhauer
295:Will Is More Effective Than Insight
559:Critique of the Kantian philosophy
380:Manuscript Remains in Four Volumes
358:'The Truth' by AC Grayling in The
304:Become Personal, Insulting, Rude (
231:Defense Through Subtle Distinction
196:Yield Admissions Through Questions
14:
262:Find One Instance to the Contrary
253:Make Him Exaggerate His Statement
220:Use Seemingly Absurd Propositions
597:
476:
711:In the Presence of Schopenhauer
401:, (2004), Gibson Square Books,
362:, (2004), Gibson Square Books,
205:Take Advantage of the Nay-Sayer
193:Postulate What Has to Be Proved
1:
771:Works by Arthur Schopenhauer
674:Christian Heinrich Trosiener
650:Heinrich Floris Schopenhauer
624:Criticism of Kant's schemata
268:Anger Indicates a Weak Point
217:Claim Victory Despite Defeat
202:Questions in Detouring Order
486:public domain audiobook at
165:The following lists the 38
787:
567:On the Freedom of the Will
292:Don't Let Him Off the Hook
173:The Extension (Dana's Law)
111:In Volume 2, § 26, of his
595:
240:Draw Conclusions Yourself
634:Metaphysical voluntarism
581:Parerga and Paralipomena
574:On the Basis of Morality
437:Parerga und Paralipomena
199:Make Your Opponent Angry
137:Parerga and Paralipomena
114:Parerga and Paralipomena
588:The Art of Being Right
483:The Art of Being Right
307:argumentum ad personam
124:
117:, Schopenhauer wrote:
108:
95:
54:The Art of Controversy
725:The Schopenhauer Cure
546:On Vision and Colours
449:Arthur Schopenhauer,
378:Arthur Schopenhauer,
119:
106:
92:Arachne or Dialectics
89:
750:Schopenhauer Society
668:Andreas Schopenhauer
656:Johanna Schopenhauer
743:Arthur Schopenhauer
688:(great-grandfather)
682:(great-grandfather)
680:Johann Schopenhauer
524:Arthur Schopenhauer
336:Philosophical logic
278:Appeal to Authority
127:these thrusts...."
69:Arthur Schopenhauer
35:Original title
29:Arthur Schopenhauer
21:
662:Adele Schopenhauer
629:Hedgehog's dilemma
451:Manuscript Remains
280:Rather Than Reason
189:False Propositions
144:Manuscript Remains
109:
96:
758:
757:
331:Logical fallacies
283:This Is Beyond Me
248:Petitio principii
185:Conceal Your Game
44:
43:
778:
686:Hendrik Soermans
601:
517:
510:
503:
494:
480:
479:
409:
396:
390:
376:
370:
356:
90:Paolo Veronese,
22:
786:
785:
781:
780:
779:
777:
776:
775:
761:
760:
759:
754:
730:
691:
638:
602:
593:
526:
521:
477:
467:
421:Grayling, A. C.
417:
412:
397:
393:
377:
373:
357:
353:
349:
317:
265:Turn the Tables
163:
101:
17:
12:
11:
5:
784:
782:
774:
773:
763:
762:
756:
755:
753:
752:
747:
738:
736:
732:
731:
729:
728:
721:
714:
707:
699:
697:
693:
692:
690:
689:
683:
677:
671:
665:
659:
653:
646:
644:
640:
639:
637:
636:
631:
626:
621:
616:
610:
608:
604:
603:
596:
594:
592:
591:
584:
577:
570:
563:
562:
561:
549:
542:
534:
532:
528:
527:
522:
520:
519:
512:
505:
497:
491:
490:
474:
471:Online version
466:
465:External links
463:
462:
461:
447:
434:
416:
413:
411:
410:
391:
371:
350:
348:
345:
344:
343:
338:
333:
328:
326:Informal logic
323:
316:
313:
312:
311:
302:
299:
296:
293:
290:
287:
284:
281:
275:
272:
269:
266:
263:
260:
256:State a False
254:
251:
244:
241:
238:
235:
232:
229:
221:
218:
215:
212:
209:
206:
203:
200:
197:
194:
191:
186:
183:
180:
174:
162:
159:
155:A. C. Grayling
100:
97:
42:
41:
36:
32:
31:
26:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
783:
772:
769:
768:
766:
751:
748:
746:
744:
740:
739:
737:
733:
727:
726:
722:
720:
719:
715:
713:
712:
708:
706:
705:
701:
700:
698:
694:
687:
684:
681:
678:
676:(grandfather)
675:
672:
670:(grandfather)
669:
666:
663:
660:
657:
654:
651:
648:
647:
645:
641:
635:
632:
630:
627:
625:
622:
620:
619:Animal rights
617:
615:
612:
611:
609:
605:
600:
590:
589:
585:
583:
582:
578:
576:
575:
571:
569:
568:
564:
560:
557:
556:
555:
554:
550:
548:
547:
543:
541:
540:
536:
535:
533:
529:
525:
518:
513:
511:
506:
504:
499:
498:
495:
489:
485:
484:
475:
472:
469:
468:
464:
460:
459:0-85496-540-8
456:
452:
448:
446:
445:0-19-924221-6
442:
438:
435:
433:
432:1-903933-61-7
429:
426:
422:
419:
418:
414:
408:
407:1-903933-61-7
404:
400:
395:
392:
389:
388:0-85496-540-8
385:
381:
375:
372:
369:
368:1-903933-61-7
365:
361:
355:
352:
346:
342:
339:
337:
334:
332:
329:
327:
324:
322:
319:
318:
314:
309:
308:
303:
300:
297:
294:
291:
288:
285:
282:
279:
276:
273:
270:
267:
264:
261:
259:
255:
252:
250:
249:
245:
242:
239:
236:
233:
230:
228:
227:
222:
219:
216:
213:
210:
207:
204:
201:
198:
195:
192:
190:
187:
184:
181:
179:
175:
172:
171:
170:
168:
160:
158:
156:
152:
149:
145:
140:
138:
133:
128:
123:
118:
116:
115:
105:
98:
93:
88:
84:
82:
78:
77:Immanuel Kant
74:
70:
66:
62:
61:
56:
55:
50:
49:
40:
37:
33:
30:
27:
23:
742:
723:
716:
709:
702:
587:
586:
579:
572:
565:
551:
544:
537:
482:
450:
436:
424:
398:
394:
379:
374:
359:
354:
305:
246:
225:
164:
153:
143:
141:
136:
132:human nature
129:
125:
120:
112:
110:
91:
64:
59:
58:
53:
52:
47:
46:
45:
38:
745:(sculpture)
696:Works about
99:Publication
614:Aesthetics
607:Philosophy
415:References
226:Ad Hominem
224:Arguments
167:stratagems
63:; German:
341:Reasoning
274:Diversion
258:Syllogism
81:dialectic
765:Category
664:(sister)
658:(mother)
652:(father)
488:LibriVox
315:See also
178:Homonymy
161:Synopsis
735:Related
423:(2004)
321:Big lie
148:Eristic
643:Family
457:
443:
430:
405:
386:
366:
94:, 1520
51:(also
25:Author
531:Books
347:Notes
73:logic
57:, or
455:ISBN
441:ISBN
428:ISBN
403:ISBN
384:ISBN
364:ISBN
176:The
142:The
767::
516:e
509:t
502:v
310:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
