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139:. c. 5), and proved to be Gardner's final book. The Wicca religion as expounded by Gardner was focused on a goddess, identified with the night sky and with wild nature, and a horned god who represented the fertilizing powers of the natural world. It was organized into covens, through which members were initiated through three ascending degrees of competence and authority and which were governed by a high priestess, supported by a high priest.
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151:, which was published in 1954. Chapters include: Witch's Memories and Beliefs, The Stone Age Origins of Witchcraft, Druidism and the Aryan Celts, Magic Thinking, Curious Beliefs about Witches, Signs and Symbols, The Black Mass, Some Allegations Examined. When Gardner died in 1964, the copyright for the book was left to the High Priestess of his coven,
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remained a thin veneer which cloaked pagan customs down to the sixteenth century. Hutton does say that all the modern branches of Wicca are either based on or influenced by his (Gardner) teachings. It is the only complete religion (as opposed to sect or denomination) which
England has ever given the
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Gardner wrote the book in order to publicise Wicca, which he believed would die out unless more converts could be attracted. Gardner himself believed that Wicca was the survival of
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and
Jeffrey Russell. Margaret Murray's theory maintained that witches were indeed members of an organized cult surviving from pagan times. According to Murray,
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Hutton, Ronald (25 September 2014). "Gardner, Gerald
Brosseau (1884โ1964), publicist of the Wicca religion | Oxford Dictionary of National Biography".
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Midelfort, H.C. Erik (1 January 1968). "Recent Witch
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which has now largely been discredited by historians like
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is a sequel to
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160:an ancient pagan Witch-cult
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320:History
175:world.
78:Various
61:History
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37:Author
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978:Mabon
826:Rites
792:Karma
762:Magic
752:Coven
412:Other
249:S2CID
179:Notes
125:Wicca
69:Wicca
57:Genre
1398:stub
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1119:Wand
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Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
