495:,” Nicholas Spencer argues that both Arendt and McCarthy are wary of the propensity of political groups towards “altruistic fervor” and injecting their “personal conduct” with “general objectivity”. Since neither believes that the convictions of political groups can withstand social and personal pressure enacted by the individuals that compose these groups, both favor a “solitude over solidarity” model. Both Arendt and McCarthy view the role of the group as “anesthetic,” and believe that an individual's “yielding” to facts in the service of “self-alteration” is a superior method of self-improvement than group organizing. This ideology is mirrored by and made manifest in McCarthy's unremitting prose, most evidently in
242:
Lockman fires blanks from his gun in order to ward the intruding locals away from Utopia. Lockman then insists everyone in Utopia padlock their front doors, prompting a commune-wide philosophical debate on the implications of privatizing property in Utopia. The discussion prompted by the intruders’ arrival grows increasingly broad, with Katy and Taub disagreeing about whether or not Utopia can survive such a shake up. Katy, drunk, ends up lying in the grass in order to take in the pastoral setting, while Jim Haines, a “
563:“many American critics… pronounced brilliant but heartless. They were wrong. The book is not heartless. It is not out for blood. True, irony inevitably means some fundamental sympathy is being withheld, but the irony here is not savage. Its deliciously witty sentence structure is rooted in the heartfelt disappointment of a moralist whom the reader feels has really wanted the good (that is, the genuine) in our midst to prevail.”
217:
breakfast while cooking. Most likely an honest mishap, the incident is quickly politicized and blamed on
Lockman by the Realists. Following the mishap, Katy's husband, Preston, publicly scolds Katy for ruining breakfast, demonstrating the immense strain that communal living has taken on the Utopia's residents.
212:
The first challenge presented to both factions is whether or not they will admit into Utopia the
Lockman family, led by the exuberant blue-blood Joe Lockman. Macdermott, who regards Lockman as a “philistine,” eventually grants the Lockmans his approval for fear that he might otherwise appear elitist.
550:
has experienced something of a resurgence in recent years. Melville House reissued the book in 2013 as part of its
Neversink Library series, which “champions books from around the world that have been overlooked, under appreciated, looked askance at, or foolishly ignored.” Additionally, the book has
220:
That night, the
Realists convene a communal meeting, conspiring to exile Joe and assert their dominance over the Purists. When they are given the floor, however, Taub and his followers are unable to articulate what it is they want or on what grounds they wish to expel Joe. The meeting ends with the
216:
By the end of the first night in Utopia, it is the
Realist leader Taub, not Macdermott, who finds Lockman to be a nuisance; Taub is put on edge by Lockman's bombastic spirit and hunting shotgun. The next morning, Katy Norell, one of Utopia's more vocal Purists, burns herself and ruins the commune's
430:
Communists, the group became attracted to the idea of retreating from society at large and participating in small-scale communal living. Concerning the period immediately following the war, McCarthy would later remark: “It seemed possible still, utopian but possible, to change the world on a small
241:
One day, the Taubs, Katy, and other members of the commune go strawberry picking on the outskirts of Utopia, only to find that a group of locals has beaten them to the site. When the
Utopians ask the locals to leave some berries for them, the Utopians are rudely dismissed. Seeing their dismay, Joe
237:
to
America in order to create more small-scale communities like their own. However, the plan falls apart almost as quickly as it is proposed. Grand ambitions to contact congressmen, trade unionists, and newspapers dissolve into an effort to make a simple pamphlet, but this idea is also abandoned.
228:
quaintness of the commune, the
Utopians begin to question the purpose of their project, and whether or not their mission serves a greater good. Katy Norell laments not living up to the expectations of Monteverdi, the ideological “Founder” of the commune and champion of the Purists’ beliefs. They
482:
has been described as “an imaginative inquiry into the causes of radical failure,” a satirical critique of the limitations of intellectual debate and the ability for intellectuals to enact actual change, as well as a condemnation of communal and political organization in general. For the latter
434:
That summer, McCarthy and her fellow New York
Intellectuals, under the guidance of activist Nicola Chiaromonte, established the European-American Group (EAG) in an effort to create “human-scaled, grassroots, transnational communities of dialogue and solidarity.” This effort towards small-scale
287:), Macdermott is the leader of the Purist faction. Though Macdonald is not lampooned to the same degree that Rahv is, the character of Macdermott is hot-tempered, blindly committed to being consistent in his libertarian views, and susceptible to being roped into Taub's political chess match.
353:
Inspired by discussion of the commune's greater purpose, Leo proposes that the
Utopians refocus their energies on a United States of Europe in Exile, in which the commune can act as a model for European refugees who wish to escape the threat of communism and settle in America.
297:
monad” who “sets the purists’ symbolic tests,” Joe’s impulsive nature pushes the ideological imperatives of both the Realists and the Purists to their limits. He represents the layman, the non-intellectual, and the growing professional class that is discovering the merits of
204:
William Taub, anticipate the experiment will end in little more than a summer vacation and await Utopia's eventual demise, while the Purists, led by the magazine editor Macdougal Macdermott, are hesitant to perform any action that could contradict their radical,
162:". It tells the story of a group of embattled intellectuals, their quest to establish a Utopian community in the mountains of New England, and their failure to surmount ideological and personal differences for the greater good of the commune. Doubling as a
267:, Taub is the leader of the Realist faction of Utopia. As the victim of the book's most “outrageous satire,” Taub is depicted as cowardly, lazy, self-centered, and villainous, amounting to a “not especially flattering depiction” of the jaded
346:
with Philip Rahv, Sidney is Taub's second-in-command. Though less capricious than Taub, he is equally conniving, and, when the time comes for him to speak out against Lockman, Macdermott, and the Purists, he is also equally inept.
435:
living, however, was short lived. Soon after its founding, the EAG disbanded “due to a lack of internal consensus about its goals,” as “the Macdonald-McCarthy-Chiaromonte faction” failed to find common ground with the so-called “
27:
532:, calling it “a gem,” many of McCarthy's closest friends were offended by the novel, most notably those who were implicated in the book's plot. Dwight Macdonald called the book “vicious, malicious, and nasty,” while
200:”). Already present in Utopia's formation, however, is a deep ideological schism between two rival factions: the cynical Realists and the self-righteous Purists. The Realists, led by the embittered former
221:
Purists laughing at Taub. Macdermott dismisses the Realists as “revolutionary nihilists,” explaining, “They don’t know what they want… They’re so conservative they’re afraid of their own thoughts.”
447:
holdouts such as McCarthy and her contemporaries into a larger liberal, post-World War II consensus. In fact, many members of the EAG would become key figures in the creation of the
246:-esque” magazine editor who is revered by all Utopians, begins to pack up his car to leave the commune, confirming Katy's worst suspicions that, “Ultimately, Utopia would fail.”
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A libertarian idealist dedicated to the purist faction and stuck in a fractious marriage, Katy resembles McCarthy in 1949 more closely than any other character in
312:. Katy provides the book’s strongest feminine perspective and feminist argument, “reveal much remains to be learned about women’s rights in .” Large sections of
364:. While he does not make any actual appearance in Utopia, the Founder is seen as a sort of prophet by the Purists, his absence leaving them directionless.
687:
Fuchs-Abrams, Sabrina. "The Liberal Cauldron: Satire of the Postwar Intellectual." Mary McCarthy: Gender, Politics, and the Postwar Intellectual. Pg. 57.
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hold little narrative distance from Katy, as the reader sees the mission of the commune fall apart through Katy's eyes towards the end of the novel.
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A novelist and follower of the Realist faction who dotes on Taub, Susan is perhaps meant to represent the younger McCarthy, or perhaps
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The acceptance of the Lockmans, however, calls forth the larger question, “Was it to follow that anyone could be admitted to Utopia?”
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Foreseeing this eventual shift, McCarthy spent her final days in the EAG documenting the group's failures through her writing of
443:, “An Oasis: The New York Intellectuals in the Late 1940s,” the dissolution of the EAG marked the beginning of the cooptation of
176:, and serves more broadly as a critique of the “abstract idealism of intellectuals” and their inability to enact actual change.
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Convinced that the “potency of history” will prove the “failure of socialism,” Taub is fixated on seeing Utopia fail.
588:. The New York Times. Web. 19 May 2017. <http://www.nytimes.com/books/00/03/26/specials/mccarthy-oasis.html>.
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Melville House Books. N.p., n.d. Web. 19 May 2017. <https://www.mhpbooks.com/series/the-neversink-library/>.
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It was published by Random House in 1949. Though its initial circulation was limited, the novel was reissued by
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experienced an upswing in scholarly interest over the past thirty years. In her preface to the 2013 edition of
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Nelson, Deborah. “The Virtues of Heartlessness: Mary McCarthy, Hannah Arendt, and the Anesthetics of Empathy.”
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magazine, was generally positive. American critics, however, were less kind. In a tepid review published by
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459:. Only a few years later, in the spring of 1949, McCarthy—along with Dwight Mcdonald, Elizabeth Hardwick,
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Nelson, D. “The Virtues of Heartlessness: Mary McCarthy, Hannah Arendt, and the Anesthetics of Empathy.”
606:, 3 May 2017. Web. 19 May 2017. <http://www.newyorker.com/books/page-turner/the-company-they-kept>.
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Boys,” Philip Rahv and William Phillips. As Hugh Wilford contends in his historio-literary analysis of
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found Rahv's portrayal to be a “stupid caricature,” with Rahv himself threatening to sue McCarthy for
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Sumner, George. “Nicola Chiaromonte, the Politics Circle, and the Search for a Postwar ‘Third Camp.’”
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Sumner, George. “Nicola Chiaromonte, the Politics Circle, and the Search for a Postwar "Third Camp.”
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A handsome magazine editor whose departure from Utopia portends the beginning of the end of Utopia.
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Melville House Books. N.p., n.d. Web. 19 May 2017. <https://www.mhpbooks.com/books/oasis/>.
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in the summer of 1945, which McCarthy referred to as a “watershed, a dividing line,” many of the
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Grumbach, Doris. The Company She Kept: Mary McCarthy, Herself and Her Writings. Pg. 129.
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Spencer, Nicholas. "Social Utopia: Hannah Arendt and Mary McCarthy’s The Oasis." Pg. 45
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Spencer, Nicholas. “Social Utopia: Hannah Arendt and Mary McCarthy’s The Oasis.” Lit:
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Gornick, Vivian. “The Company They Kept.” Editorial. New Yorker 13 June 2013: n. pag.
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463:, and other former EAG members—would help disrupt a communist conference held at the
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Fuchs-Abrams, Sabrina. “The Liberal Cauldron: Satire of the Postwar Intellectual.”
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borrows heavily from McCarthy's experiences and frustrations with the short lived
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Wilford, Hugh. “An Oasis: The New York Intellectuals in the Late 1940s.” Pg. 218.
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has been historically mixed. Response to the novel's earliest incarnation, in
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consider creating a “United States of Europe in Exile,” a mission to bring
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Wilford, Hugh. “An Oasis: The New York Intellectuals in the Late 1940s.”
521:, critic Donald Barr wrote, “readers outside circle can get little from
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After a short “lyrical period” of peace, prosperity, and basking in the
230:
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Between Friends: The Correspondence of Hannah Arendt and Mary McCarthy
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except a vague sense of defamatory brilliance and a few fine scenes.”
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Twenty-Four Ways of Looking at Mary McCarthy: The Writer and Her Work
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Twenty-Four Ways of Looking at Mary McCarthy: The Writer and Her Work
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147:
26:
654:. By Margo Viscusi. Westport, CT: Greenwood, 1996. 61-67. Print.
647:. By Margo Viscusi. Westport, CT: Greenwood, 1996. 55-60. Print.
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The Company She Kept: Mary McCarthy, Herself and Her Writings
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Mary McCarthy: Gender, Politics, and the Postwar Intellectual
426:. As many of the New York Intellectuals were formerly avowed
375:
was originally published as an ongoing series under the name
487:
and the philosophy of McCarthy's longtime friend, historian
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reason, much has been written on the relationship between
158:
in 1949. McCarthy describes this, her second novel, as a "
876:
Gornick, Vivian. “The Company They Kept.” The New Yorker.
281:(a friend of McCarthy's and the founder of the magazine
491:. In “Social Utopia: Hannah Arendt and Mary McCarthy’s
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Barr, Donald. “Failure in Utopia.” The New York Times.
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Barr, Donald. “Failure in Utopia.” Rev. of The Oasis.
406:—a group, which included McCarthy, of contributors to
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Arendt, Hannah, Mary McCarthy, and Carol Brightman.
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577:, 1949-1975. New York: Harcourt Brace, 1996. Print.
390:in 2013 as part of its “Neversink Library” series.
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196:to create a shared living commune (aptly named, “
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620:. Brooklyn, NY: Melville House, 2013. Print.
451:(CCF), a front organization designed by the
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613:. London: Bodley Head, 1967. 129-50. Print.
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188:depicts a group of 50 radical and liberal
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528:Though Hannah Arendt looked favorably on
332:, McCarthy's friend and fellow novelist.
595:. New York: P. Lang, 2004. 54-62. Print.
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650:Teres, Harvey. “Reimagining Politics.”
184:Set in the near future following 1949,
1118:The Mask of State: Watergate Portraits
1142:A Bolt from the Blue and Other Essays
906:The Oasis » Melville House Books
7:
261:, McCarthy's ex-lover and editor at
750:McCarthy, Mary. The Oasis. Pg. 19.
696:McCarthy, Mary. The Oasis. Pg. 10.
192:who venture into the mountains of
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379:by the British literary magazine
953:Gornick. “The Company She Kept.”
638:Literature Interpretation Theory
455:for the purposes of winning the
1052:Memories of a Catholic Girlhood
1:
449:Congress for Cultural Freedom
150:novel by the American writer
659:Journal of American Studies
536:labeled McCarthy “a thug.”
453:Central Intelligence Agency
121:The Company She Keeps
16:1949 novel by Mary McCarthy
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1372:The New York Intellectuals
1126:Cannibals and Missionaries
661:28.02 (1994): 209-23. Web.
358:Monteverdi, “the Founder”-
277:Serving as a stand-in for
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633:18.1 (2006): 86-101. Web.
631:American Literary History
377:A Source of Embarrassment
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640:15.1 (2004): 45-60. Web.
302:thought and expression.
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1329:The Liberal Imagination
1096:The Writing on the Wall
174:European-American Group
1186:New York Intellectuals
1060:The Stones of Florence
831:Grumbach. Pg. 147-148.
714:McCarthy. Pg. 105-106.
584:14 Aug. 1949: n. pag.
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465:Waldorf-Astoria Hotel.
404:New York Intellectuals
1028:The Groves of Academe
1004:The Company She Keeps
822:Wilford. Pg. 221-222.
768:Fuchs-Abrams, Pg. 60.
732:Fuchs-Abrams, Pg. 59.
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394:Historical background
275:Macdougal Macdermott-
132:The Groves of Academe
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400:bombing of Hiroshima
1431:Roman à clef novels
1390:Anti-Stalinist left
1353:The Public Interest
1134:Ideas and the Novel
858:Spencer. Pg. 52-53.
344:The Partisan Review
264:The Partisan Review
160:conte philosophique
59:Conte Philosophique
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1436:Random House books
894:Grumbach. Pg. 147.
813:Sumner. Pg. 57-58.
723:McCarthy. Pg. 179.
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582:The New York Times
518:The New York Times
368:Publishing history
362:Nicola Chiaromonte
330:Elizabeth Hardwick
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705:McCarthy. Pg. 13.
609:Grumbach, Doris.
503:Critical response
457:Cultural Cold War
416:nuclear arms race
342:, a co-editor of
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73:Random House
63:Roman à Clef
1375:(1987 book)
1364:Works about
1356:(1965–2005)
1340:(1953–1991)
1308:(1934–2003)
1254:Philip Rahv
1224:Irving Howe
1204:Daniel Bell
1023:(1950), HBJ
568:Works cited
538:Saul Bellow
461:Sidney Hook
320:Jim Haines-
259:Philip Rahv
207:libertarian
194:New England
146:is a short
1410:Categories
1313:Commentary
1194:Associated
666:References
428:Trotskyist
295:capitalist
250:Characters
20:The Oasis
1337:Encounter
1321:The Oasis
1076:The Group
1012:The Oasis
990:Works by
618:The Oasis
553:The Oasis
548:The Oasis
530:The Oasis
523:The Oasis
509:The Oasis
497:The Oasis
493:The Oasis
485:The Oasis
480:The Oasis
469:The Oasis
441:The Oasis
373:The Oasis
360:Based on
338:Based on
314:The Oasis
310:The Oasis
300:modernist
257:Based on
209:beliefs.
186:The Oasis
170:The Oasis
148:satirical
143:The Oasis
69:Publisher
475:Analysis
445:Old Left
431:scale.”
422:and the
408:politics
284:politics
231:refugees
226:pastoral
47:Language
1383:Related
1348:(1954–)
1345:Dissent
1316:(1945–)
1083:Vietnam
513:Horizon
382:Horizon
244:Lincoln
202:Marxist
50:English
1332:(1950)
1324:(1949)
1196:people
1145:(2002)
1137:(1980)
1129:(1979)
1121:(1974)
1113:(1972)
1111:Medina
1107:(1971)
1099:(1970)
1091:(1968)
1085:(1967)
1079:(1963)
1071:(1961)
1063:(1959)
1055:(1957)
1047:(1956)
1039:(1955)
1031:(1952)
1015:(1949)
1007:(1942)
559:wrote:
198:Utopia
134:
37:Author
1294:Major
1089:Hanoi
542:libel
97:Pages
55:Genre
180:Plot
106:ISBN
84:1949
293:A “
100:181
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