454:
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35:
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of approximately one week (range: 4–28 days) from exposure (tick bite) non-specific symptoms occurs. These symptoms are fever, malaise, headache, nausea, vomiting and myalgias that persist for about 5 days. Then, after approximately one week without symptoms, some of the infected develop neurological
566:
activity. Although in some regions of Russia and
Slovenia, the prevalence of cases can be as high as 70 cases per 100,000 people per year. Travelers to endemic regions do not often become cases, with only 8 cases reported among U.S. travelers returning from Eurasia between 2000 and 2017, a rate so
535:
As of 2011, the disease was most common in
Central and Eastern Europe, and Northern Asia. About ten to twelve thousand cases are documented a year but the rates vary widely from one region to another. Most of the variation has been the result of variation in host population, particularly that of
551:. The risk of infection was noted to be increasing with age, especially in people older than 40 years and it was greater in men than women. Most cases were acquired in Bavaria (46%) and Baden-WĂĽrttemberg (37%), much less in Saxony, Hesse, Lower Saxony and other states. Altogether 164
210:
The number of reported cases has been increasing in most countries. TBE is posing a concerning health challenge to Europe, as the number of reported human cases of TBE in all endemic regions of Europe have increased by almost 400% within the last three decades.
1451:
1436:
1421:
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persist for a year or more in approximately one third of people who develop neurological disease. Most common long-term symptoms are headache, concentration difficulties, memory impairment and other symptoms of cognitive dysfunction.
3844:
539:
In
Germany, during the 2010s, there have been a minimum of 95 (2012) and a maximum of 584 cases (2018) of TBE (or FSME as it is known in German). More than half of the reported cases from 2019 had
558:
In Sweden, most cases of TBE occur in a band running from
Stockholm to the west, especially around lakes and the nearby region of the Baltic sea. It reflects the greater population involved in
422:
in patients' sera combined with typical clinical signs, is the principal method for diagnosis. In more complicated situations, e.g. after vaccination, testing for presence of antibodies in
3629:
2135:
3837:
2570:
1558:
3385:
3830:
3639:
2149:
4059:
3014:
477:, would not be expected to be effective in the prevention of tick-borne encephalitis as the virus is transmitted within minutes of attachment by the tick.
1815:
1524:
568:
1646:
1686:
1172:
Amicizia, Daniela; Domnich, Alexander; Panatto, Donatella; Lai, Piero Luigi; Cristina, Maria Luisa; Avio, Ulderico; Gasparini, Roberto (14 May 2013).
889:
273:
Mortality depends on the subtype of the virus. For the
European subtype mortality rates are 0.5% to 2% for people who develop neurological disease.
52:
2651:
4349:
4113:
2563:
1551:
1520:
2888:
1779:
4029:
3003:
1377:
752:
Riccardi N (22 January 2019). "Tick-borne encephalitis in Europe: a brief update on epidemiology, diagnosis, prevention, and treatment".
287:
In ruminants, neurological disease is also present, and animals may refuse to eat, appear lethargic, and also develop respiratory signs.
1836:
1329:
team, European Centre for
Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC)-Health Communication Unit- Eurosurveillance editorial (11 March 2011).
99:
1231:"Prevalence of tick-borne encephalitis virus in Ixodes ricinus ticks in northern Europe with particular reference to Southern Sweden"
933:
Taba, P.; Schmutzhard, E.; Forsberg, P.; Lutsar, I.; Ljøstad, U.; Mygland, Å.; Levchenko, I.; Strle, F.; Steiner, I. (October 2017).
3904:
2878:
2155:
1681:
1638:
118:
71:
2070:
3390:
3230:
2763:
2758:
2556:
2141:
1544:
3900:
480:
161:
78:
453:
4039:
3908:
3165:
1740:
1726:
56:
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3422:
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2661:
296:
215:
85:
4344:
4334:
3943:
3713:
3708:
3316:
1945:
1939:
1850:
1844:
1734:
1331:"Case report: Tick-borne encephalitis in two Dutch travellers returning from Austria, Netherlands, July and August 2011"
4339:
3974:
3923:
3343:
3338:
3326:
2868:
2751:
2308:
2234:
2228:
1901:
596:
338:
Far-Eastern tick-borne encephalitis virus, formerly known as
Russian spring summer encephalitis virus (transmitted by
67:
3432:
3350:
3331:
2697:
263:
symptoms, i.e. meningitis, encephalitis or meningoencephalitis. Myelitis also occurs with or without encephalitis.
45:
3555:
3018:
2365:
1972:
536:
deer. In
Austria, an extensive vaccination program since the 1970s reduced the incidence in 2013 by roughly 85%.
438:
2910:
4308:
3933:
3928:
3634:
3577:
3455:
3250:
2775:
2074:
1986:
1891:
1721:
1694:
1666:
1599:
1466:
905:
4044:
3738:
3400:
3395:
3300:
3095:
3081:
2999:
2809:
2693:
1870:
512:
2064:
1660:
4204:
4049:
3085:
3053:
3029:
2864:
2742:
2666:
2641:
2627:
2606:
2264:
2242:
2121:
2117:
2113:
2109:
2002:
1896:
1857:
524:
184:
4197:
4175:
4054:
3518:
3427:
3405:
3069:
2746:
2249:
1830:
1700:
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483:
are very effective and available in many disease endemic areas and in travel clinics. Trade names are
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4276:
4168:
4161:
4064:
4034:
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3565:
2944:
2513:
2345:
1980:
1809:
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in these areas. Overall, for Europe, the estimated risk is roughly 1 case per 10,000 human-months of
408:
92:
702:
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are designated TBE-risk areas, including all of Baden-WĂĽrttemberg except for the city of
Heilbronn.
4283:
4079:
4024:
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3506:
3491:
3360:
3155:
1931:
1652:
1455:
1330:
651:
520:
442:
423:
196:
1174:"Epidemiology of tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) in Europe and its prevention by available vaccines"
3853:
3703:
2978:
2830:
2034:
1790:
1229:
Pettersson, John H.-O.; Golovljova, Irina; Vene, Sirkka; Jaenson, Thomas G. T. (1 January 2014).
962:
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331:
180:
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2011:
1715:
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1311:
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1211:
1193:
1151:
1062:
1013:
954:
872:
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673:
624:
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346:
The former Soviet Union conducted research on tick-borne diseases, including the TBE viruses.
259:
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17:
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1430:
982:"Tick-borne encephalitis: A review of epidemiology, clinical characteristics, and management"
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993:
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recommended vaccination only for those who will be extensively exposed in high risk areas.
4006:
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2800:
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2082:
2046:
1966:
1752:
1613:
1506:
504:
441:) method is rarely used, since TBE virus RNA is most often not present in patient sera or
427:
404:
935:"EAN consensus review on prevention, diagnosis and management of tick-borne encephalitis"
652:"Tick-borne encephalitis in Europe and beyond--the epidemiological situation as of 2007"
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3103:
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1206:
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322:
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In dogs, the disease also manifests as a neurological disorder with signs varying from
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2618:
2489:
2339:
2017:
1878:
1530:
1048:
544:
306:
192:
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636:
473:. Tick checks, while useful for preventing some other tick-borne diseases such as
238:, with ruminants and dogs providing the principal source of infection for humans.
1471:
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3501:
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1957:
1618:
470:
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431:
354:
34:
1482:
1347:
1306:
1289:
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1080:
765:
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461:, warning about a high probability of being infected by tick-borne encephalitis
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1803:
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1215:
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628:
246:
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2522:
2169:
1911:
1767:
934:
830:
563:
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519:, may be considered under specific circumstances for symptomatic relief.
508:
503:
treatment for TBE. Symptomatic brain damage requires hospitalization and
419:
407:(Frischkäse) has been documented in 2016 and 2017 in the German state of
367:
235:
219:
200:
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950:
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1884:
1440:
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Prevention includes non-specific (tick-bite prevention) and specific
458:
277:
227:
868:
855:
Dumpis U, Crook D, Oksi J (April 1999). "Tick-borne encephalitis".
434:
in cerebrospinal fluid should be added to the diagnostic criteria.
207:, predominantly cognitive dysfunction, persist for a year or more.
2535:
2294:
1926:
452:
353:
320:
European or
Western tick-borne encephalitis virus (transmitted by
231:
177:
2842:
1288:
Lundkvist, Ă….; Wallensten, A.; Vene, S.; Hjertqvist, M. (2011).
1132:"Vaccines against tick-borne encephalitis: WHO position paper".
370:
223:
3826:
2552:
1540:
1031:
Demicheli V, Debalini MG, Rivetti A (2009). Demicheli V (ed.).
3470:
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and spinal paralysis also occurs. In about one third of cases
28:
366:
It is transmitted by the bite of several species of infected
309:. It was first isolated in 1937 in the USSR by a team led by
430:
always should be performed when diagnosing TBE and that
329:
Siberian tick-borne encephalitis virus (transmitted by
795:
Kaiser R (September 2008). "Tick-borne encephalitis".
1167:
1165:
362:), such as this engorged female, transmit the disease
1403:
1290:"Tick-borne encephalitis increasing in Sweden, 2011"
4300:
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4214:
4185:
4149:
4142:
4126:
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4005:
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2033:
2001:
1956:
1910:
1789:
1778:
1751:
1578:
1492:
1407:
155:
136:
59:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
707:European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control
1033:"Vaccines for preventing tick-borne encephalitis"
411:. None of the infected had neurological disease.
697:
695:
693:
691:
689:
687:
595:Lindquist, Lars; Vapalahti, Olli (31 May 2008).
703:"Factsheet about tick-borne encephalitis (TBE)"
1533:from Viral Special Pathogens Branch at the CDC
747:
745:
218:is known to infect a range of hosts including
3838:
2564:
1552:
8:
420:Detection of specific IgM and IgG antibodies
4060:Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome
3015:Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome
4146:
3874:
3865:
3845:
3831:
3823:
3757:
3667:
3477:
3286:
3275:
3186:
2985:
2613:
2602:
2571:
2557:
2549:
2271:
2051:
1816:Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy
1786:
1559:
1545:
1537:
1525:Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
1404:
835:Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
569:Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
426:may be necessary. It has been stated that
142:
133:
1687:Extranodal NK/T-cell lymphoma, nasal type
1346:
1305:
1264:
1246:
1205:
1145:
1056:
1007:
997:
728:
726:
724:
667:
119:Learn how and when to remove this message
245:
1178:Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics
580:
900:
898:
445:at the time of neurological symptoms.
234:, and humans. The disease can also be
187:. The disease most often manifests as
4114:Southern tick-associated rash illness
3386:Hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome
928:
926:
7:
906:"FSME: Risikogebiete in Deutschland"
590:
588:
586:
584:
57:adding citations to reliable sources
2889:Venezuelan equine encephalomyelitis
1837:Subacute sclerosing panencephalitis
151:Infected countries/areas in Eurasia
980:Bogovic, Petra; Strle, F. (2015).
316:Three virus sub-types also exist:
25:
2156:Severe acute respiratory syndrome
1682:Follicular dendritic cell sarcoma
2879:Western equine encephalomyelitis
2869:Eastern equine encephalomyelitis
2142:Middle East respiratory syndrome
481:Tick-borne encephalitis vaccines
33:
4030:Crimean–Congo hemorrhagic fever
3004:Crimean–Congo hemorrhagic fever
986:World Journal of Clinical Cases
913:Epidemiologisches Bulletin, RKI
831:"Tick-borne Encephalitis (TBE)"
44:needs additional citations for
4040:Kemerovo tickborne viral fever
3166:Kemerovo tickborne viral fever
1741:Adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma
1727:Splenic marginal zone lymphoma
1049:10.1002/14651858.CD000977.pub2
137:Tick-borne meningoencephalitis
18:Tick-borne meningoencephalitis
1:
3423:Hantavirus pulmonary syndrome
2662:Jamestown Canyon encephalitis
1134:Weekly Epidemiological Record
939:European Journal of Neurology
613:10.1016/S0140-6736(08)60800-4
567:low that as of 2020 the U.S.
297:tick-borne encephalitis virus
236:spread from animals to humans
216:tick-borne encephalitis virus
4350:Vaccine-preventable diseases
3944:Rocky Mountain spotted fever
3317:Venezuelan hemorrhagic fever
1946:Tropical spastic paraparesis
1851:Lymphocytic choriomeningitis
733:Tickborne Encephalitis Virus
3975:Relapsing fever borreliosis
3924:Spotted fever rickettsiosis
3339:Brazilian hemorrhagic fever
3327:Argentine hemorrhagic fever
2309:Cytomegalovirus esophagitis
2229:Human parainfluenza viruses
1902:Ramsay Hunt syndrome type 2
797:Infect. Dis. Clin. North Am
739:, accessed 12 October 2011.
399:Infection acquired through
4366:
3351:Bolivian hemorrhagic fever
3231:Sandfly fever Naples virus
1348:10.2807/ese.16.44.20003-en
1307:10.2807/ese.16.39.19981-en
1140:(24): 241–256. June 2011.
1037:Cochrane Database Syst Rev
892:, accessed 5 October 2013.
766:10.1016/j.ejim.2019.01.004
735:reviewed and published by
669:10.2807/ese.13.26.18916-en
527:support may be necessary.
387:, or (rarely) through the
254:The disease is most often
3965:Baggio–Yoshinari syndrome
3019:Huaiyangshan banyangvirus
1973:Cytomegalovirus retinitis
809:10.1016/j.idc.2008.03.013
597:"Tick-borne encephalitis"
439:polymerase chain reaction
250:Symptoms of TBE-infection
150:
141:
68:"Tick-borne encephalitis"
4309:Rhipicephalus sanguineus
3934:American tick bite fever
3929:Pacific Coast tick fever
3635:SARS-related coronavirus
3598:Henipavirus encephalitis
3456:Murid gammaherpesvirus 4
3301:Viral hemorrhagic fevers
3082:Viral hemorrhagic fevers
3054:Arbovirus encephalitides
3030:Arbovirus encephalitides
3000:Viral hemorrhagic fevers
2965:Banna virus encephalitis
2865:Arbovirus encephalitides
2810:Viral hemorrhagic fevers
2776:Saint Louis encephalitis
2743:Arbovirus encephalitides
2694:Viral hemorrhagic fevers
2628:Arbovirus encephalitides
2075:Infectious mononucleosis
1892:Chandipura vesiculovirus
1722:Hepatocellular carcinoma
1667:Nasopharyngeal carcinoma
1600:Hepatocellular carcinoma
1378:"Tickborne Encephalitis"
403:consumed as raw milk or
299:, a member of the genus
4070:Tick-borne encephalitis
4045:Kyasanur Forest disease
3739:Yaba monkey tumor virus
3096:Kyasanur Forest disease
3058:Tick-borne encephalitis
2759:Australian encephalitis
2652:California encephalitis
1871:Encephalitis lethargica
1572:viral systemic diseases
1507:Tick-borne encephalitis
1248:10.1186/1756-3305-7-102
1235:Parasites & Vectors
999:10.12998/wjcc.v3.i5.430
513:Anti-inflammatory drugs
457:A sign in a Lithuanian
391:milk of infected cows.
170:Tick-borne encephalitis
4205:Dermacentor variabilis
4050:Omsk hemorrhagic fever
3086:Omsk hemorrhagic fever
2667:La Crosse encephalitis
2243:Human orthopneumovirus
1897:Herpesviral meningitis
1858:Arbovirus encephalitis
1521:Tickborne encephalitis
462:
363:
251:
185:central nervous system
4198:Dermacentor andersoni
4176:Amblyomma triguttatum
4055:Powassan encephalitis
3519:Marburg virus disease
3070:Powassan encephalitis
2747:Japanese encephalitis
1701:Merkel-cell carcinoma
499:There is no specific
456:
357:
249:
4291:Ornithodoros moubata
4277:Ornithodoros gurneyi
4169:Amblyomma cajennense
4162:Amblyomma americanum
4080:Protozoan infections
4065:Tete orthobunyavirus
4035:Heartland bandavirus
3905:Human monocytotropic
3870:Bacterial infections
2945:Semliki Forest virus
2346:Adenovirus infection
1810:Human polyomavirus 2
1639:Oropharyngeal cancer
650:Suss J (June 2008).
53:improve this article
4345:Slow virus diseases
4335:Tick-borne diseases
4284:Ornithodoros hermsi
4025:Colorado tick fever
3854:Tick-borne diseases
3492:Ebola virus disease
3156:Colorado tick fever
2911:O'nyong'nyong fever
1932:Post-polio syndrome
1568:Infectious diseases
607:(9627): 1861–1871.
521:Tracheal intubation
443:cerebrospinal fluid
424:cerebrospinal fluid
197:meningoencephalitis
4340:Viral encephalitis
3901:Human granulocytic
3704:Simian foamy virus
2065:Epstein–Barr virus
2035:Respiratory system
1672:Burkitt's lymphoma
1493:External resources
560:outdoor activities
463:
364:
252:
242:Signs and symptoms
181:infectious disease
162:Infectious disease
4322:
4321:
4318:
4317:
4255:Ixodes scapularis
4234:Ixodes holocyclus
4143:Species and bites
4122:
4121:
4109:Alpha-gal allergy
4001:
4000:
3892:Boutonneuse fever
3820:
3819:
3816:
3815:
3812:
3811:
3747:
3746:
3655:
3654:
3465:
3464:
3263:
3262:
3259:
3258:
3174:
3173:
2973:
2972:
2718:Rift Valley fever
2546:
2545:
2508:
2507:
2259:
2258:
2190:Influenza virus A
2107:Human coronavirus
1997:
1996:
1987:Herpes of the eye
1516:
1515:
951:10.1111/ene.13356
857:Clin. Infect. Dis
469:in the form of a
409:Baden-WĂĽrttemberg
375:Ixodes scapularis
295:TBE is caused by
260:incubation period
167:
166:
131:Medical condition
129:
128:
121:
103:
16:(Redirected from
4357:
4241:Ixodes pacificus
4227:Ixodes cornuatus
4147:
4134:Tick infestation
4007:Viral infections
3875:
3866:
3856:and infestations
3847:
3840:
3833:
3824:
3758:
3668:
3478:
3287:
3276:
3251:Chandipura virus
3187:
3127:Orthomyxoviridae
2986:
2933:Ross River fever
2698:Bunyamwera fever
2614:
2603:
2573:
2566:
2559:
2550:
2272:
2267:digestive system
2184:Orthomyxoviridae
2150:SARS coronavirus
2136:MERS coronavirus
2052:
1864:Orthomyxoviridae
1787:
1753:Immune disorders
1677:Hodgkin lymphoma
1653:Kaposi's sarcoma
1561:
1554:
1547:
1538:
1405:
1393:
1392:
1390:
1388:
1374:
1368:
1367:
1365:
1363:
1350:
1335:Eurosurveillance
1326:
1320:
1319:
1309:
1294:Eurosurveillance
1285:
1279:
1278:
1268:
1250:
1226:
1220:
1219:
1209:
1190:10.4161/hv.23802
1184:(5): 1163–1171.
1169:
1160:
1159:
1149:
1129:
1123:
1122:
1120:
1118:
1113:. 11 August 2017
1107:"FSME-Immun® CC"
1103:
1097:
1096:
1094:
1092:
1077:
1071:
1070:
1060:
1028:
1022:
1021:
1011:
1001:
977:
971:
970:
945:(10): 1214–e61.
930:
921:
920:
910:
902:
893:
887:
881:
880:
852:
846:
845:
843:
841:
827:
821:
820:
803:(3): 561–75, x.
792:
786:
785:
754:Eur J Intern Med
749:
740:
730:
719:
718:
716:
714:
699:
682:
681:
671:
647:
641:
640:
592:
475:Lyme borreliosis
146:
134:
124:
117:
113:
110:
104:
102:
61:
37:
29:
21:
4365:
4364:
4360:
4359:
4358:
4356:
4355:
4354:
4325:
4324:
4323:
4314:
4296:
4260:
4210:
4181:
4138:
4118:
4092:
4074:
3997:
3979:
3951:
3857:
3851:
3821:
3808:
3788:
3753:
3743:
3718:
3688:
3662:
3651:
3614:
3589:Paramyxoviridae
3582:
3535:
3472:
3461:
3439:
3370:
3281:
3270:
3255:
3235:
3219:Pappataci fever
3212:Oropouche virus
3207:Oropouche fever
3181:
3170:
3140:
3120:
3038:
3010:Heartland virus
2980:
2969:
2949:
2921:Pogosta disease
2849:
2796:West Nile fever
2727:
2608:
2597:
2590:
2577:
2547:
2542:
2504:
2484:
2392:
2366:Gastroenteritis
2324:
2321:Gastroenteritis
2315:
2303:Cytomegalovirus
2266:
2255:
2223:Paramyxoviridae
2212:Avian influenza
2088:
2083:Cytomegalovirus
2047:viral pneumonia
2045:
2042:nasopharyngitis
2041:
2038:
2029:
1993:
1967:Cytomegalovirus
1952:
1906:
1794:
1781:
1774:
1747:
1614:Cervical cancer
1574:
1565:
1517:
1512:
1511:
1488:
1487:
1416:
1402:
1397:
1396:
1386:
1384:
1376:
1375:
1371:
1361:
1359:
1328:
1327:
1323:
1287:
1286:
1282:
1228:
1227:
1223:
1171:
1170:
1163:
1131:
1130:
1126:
1116:
1114:
1105:
1104:
1100:
1090:
1088:
1087:. 28 April 2016
1079:
1078:
1074:
1043:(1): CD000977.
1030:
1029:
1025:
979:
978:
974:
932:
931:
924:
919:. Berlin. 2020.
908:
904:
903:
896:
890:CDC Yellow Book
888:
884:
854:
853:
849:
839:
837:
829:
828:
824:
794:
793:
789:
751:
750:
743:
731:
722:
712:
710:
701:
700:
685:
649:
648:
644:
594:
593:
582:
577:
533:
517:corticosteroids
505:supportive care
497:
451:
428:lumbar puncture
417:
397:
389:non-pasteurized
352:
293:
244:
132:
125:
114:
108:
105:
62:
60:
50:
38:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
4363:
4361:
4353:
4352:
4347:
4342:
4337:
4327:
4326:
4320:
4319:
4316:
4315:
4313:
4312:
4304:
4302:
4298:
4297:
4295:
4294:
4287:
4280:
4272:
4270:
4262:
4261:
4259:
4258:
4251:
4248:Ixodes ricinus
4244:
4237:
4230:
4222:
4220:
4212:
4211:
4209:
4208:
4201:
4193:
4191:
4183:
4182:
4180:
4179:
4172:
4165:
4157:
4155:
4144:
4140:
4139:
4137:
4136:
4130:
4128:
4124:
4123:
4120:
4119:
4117:
4116:
4111:
4106:
4104:Tick paralysis
4100:
4098:
4097:Other diseases
4094:
4093:
4091:
4090:
4084:
4082:
4076:
4075:
4073:
4072:
4067:
4062:
4057:
4052:
4047:
4042:
4037:
4032:
4027:
4022:
4017:
4011:
4009:
4003:
4002:
3999:
3998:
3996:
3995:
3989:
3987:
3981:
3980:
3978:
3977:
3972:
3967:
3961:
3959:
3953:
3952:
3950:
3949:
3948:
3947:
3941:
3939:rickettsialpox
3936:
3931:
3921:
3916:
3894:
3889:
3883:
3881:
3872:
3863:
3859:
3858:
3852:
3850:
3849:
3842:
3835:
3827:
3818:
3817:
3814:
3813:
3810:
3809:
3807:
3806:
3800:
3798:
3790:
3789:
3787:
3786:
3781:
3780:
3779:
3768:
3766:
3755:
3749:
3748:
3745:
3744:
3742:
3741:
3736:
3730:
3728:
3720:
3719:
3717:
3716:
3711:
3706:
3700:
3698:
3690:
3689:
3687:
3686:
3678:
3676:
3665:
3657:
3656:
3653:
3652:
3650:
3649:
3648:
3647:
3642:
3632:
3626:
3624:
3616:
3615:
3613:
3612:
3611:
3610:
3605:
3594:
3592:
3584:
3583:
3581:
3580:
3575:
3574:
3573:
3568:
3563:
3558:
3547:
3545:
3537:
3536:
3534:
3533:
3532:
3531:
3526:
3516:
3515:
3514:
3509:
3504:
3499:
3488:
3486:
3475:
3467:
3466:
3463:
3462:
3460:
3459:
3451:
3449:
3441:
3440:
3438:
3437:
3436:
3435:
3430:
3420:
3419:
3418:
3413:
3408:
3403:
3398:
3393:
3382:
3380:
3372:
3371:
3369:
3368:
3363:
3358:
3357:
3356:
3348:
3347:
3346:
3336:
3335:
3334:
3324:
3323:
3322:
3314:
3313:
3312:
3297:
3295:
3284:
3273:
3265:
3264:
3261:
3260:
3257:
3256:
3254:
3253:
3247:
3245:
3237:
3236:
3234:
3233:
3228:
3227:
3226:
3216:
3215:
3214:
3204:
3197:
3195:
3184:
3176:
3175:
3172:
3171:
3169:
3168:
3163:
3162:
3161:
3152:
3150:
3142:
3141:
3139:
3138:
3132:
3130:
3122:
3121:
3119:
3118:
3117:
3116:
3108:
3107:
3106:
3101:
3093:
3092:
3091:
3079:
3078:
3077:
3067:
3066:
3065:
3050:
3048:
3040:
3039:
3037:
3036:
3027:
3022:
3012:
3007:
2996:
2994:
2983:
2975:
2974:
2971:
2970:
2968:
2967:
2961:
2959:
2951:
2950:
2948:
2947:
2942:
2941:
2940:
2930:
2929:
2928:
2918:
2917:
2916:
2908:
2907:
2906:
2896:
2895:
2894:
2886:
2885:
2884:
2876:
2875:
2874:
2861:
2859:
2851:
2850:
2848:
2847:
2846:
2845:
2835:
2834:
2833:
2823:
2822:
2821:
2806:
2805:
2804:
2803:
2793:
2792:
2791:
2783:
2782:
2781:
2773:
2772:
2771:
2766:
2756:
2755:
2754:
2739:
2737:
2729:
2728:
2726:
2725:
2724:
2723:
2715:
2714:
2713:
2705:
2704:
2703:
2690:
2689:
2684:
2683:
2682:
2674:
2673:
2672:
2664:
2659:
2658:
2657:
2649:
2648:
2647:
2639:
2638:
2637:
2624:
2622:
2611:
2600:
2592:
2591:
2583:viral diseases
2578:
2576:
2575:
2568:
2561:
2553:
2544:
2543:
2541:
2540:
2539:
2538:
2526:
2518:
2516:
2510:
2509:
2506:
2505:
2503:
2502:
2494:
2492:
2486:
2485:
2483:
2482:
2470:
2458:
2446:
2434:
2427:
2421:
2420:
2408:
2402:
2400:
2394:
2393:
2391:
2390:
2383:
2376:
2369:
2357:
2351:
2350:
2349:
2348:
2336:
2330:
2328:
2317:
2316:
2314:
2313:
2312:
2311:
2299:
2298:
2297:
2284:
2282:
2269:
2261:
2260:
2257:
2256:
2254:
2253:
2246:
2239:
2238:
2237:
2217:
2216:
2215:
2214:
2175:
2174:
2173:
2172:
2160:
2159:
2158:
2146:
2145:
2144:
2132:
2131:
2130:
2098:
2096:
2090:
2089:
2087:
2086:
2079:
2078:
2077:
2060:
2058:
2049:
2031:
2030:
2028:
2027:
2026:
2025:
2020:
2007:
2005:
2003:Cardiovascular
1999:
1998:
1995:
1994:
1992:
1991:
1990:
1989:
1977:
1976:
1975:
1962:
1960:
1954:
1953:
1951:
1950:
1949:
1948:
1936:
1935:
1934:
1929:
1916:
1914:
1908:
1907:
1905:
1904:
1899:
1894:
1889:
1888:
1887:
1875:
1874:
1873:
1860:
1855:
1854:
1853:
1841:
1840:
1839:
1827:
1821:
1820:
1819:
1818:
1806:
1800:
1798:
1784:
1782:nervous system
1776:
1775:
1773:
1772:
1771:
1770:
1757:
1755:
1749:
1748:
1746:
1745:
1744:
1743:
1731:
1730:
1729:
1724:
1712:
1706:
1705:
1704:
1703:
1691:
1690:
1689:
1684:
1679:
1674:
1669:
1657:
1656:
1655:
1643:
1642:
1641:
1636:
1634:Vaginal cancer
1631:
1626:
1621:
1616:
1604:
1603:
1602:
1590:
1584:
1582:
1576:
1575:
1566:
1564:
1563:
1556:
1549:
1541:
1535:
1534:
1528:
1514:
1513:
1510:
1509:
1497:
1496:
1494:
1490:
1489:
1486:
1485:
1474:
1463:
1448:
1433:
1417:
1412:
1411:
1409:
1408:Classification
1401:
1400:External links
1398:
1395:
1394:
1369:
1321:
1280:
1221:
1161:
1124:
1098:
1072:
1023:
992:(5): 430–441.
972:
922:
894:
882:
869:10.1086/515195
847:
822:
787:
741:
720:
709:. 18 June 2017
683:
642:
579:
578:
576:
573:
532:
529:
496:
493:
450:
447:
416:
413:
396:
393:
385:I. persulcatus
360:Ixodes ricinus
351:
348:
344:
343:
340:I. persulcatus
336:
332:I. persulcatus
327:
323:Ixodes ricinus
305:in the family
292:
289:
243:
240:
230:, carnivores,
183:involving the
165:
164:
159:
153:
152:
148:
147:
139:
138:
130:
127:
126:
41:
39:
32:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4362:
4351:
4348:
4346:
4343:
4341:
4338:
4336:
4333:
4332:
4330:
4311:
4310:
4306:
4305:
4303:
4299:
4293:
4292:
4288:
4286:
4285:
4281:
4279:
4278:
4274:
4273:
4271:
4269:
4268:
4263:
4257:
4256:
4252:
4250:
4249:
4245:
4243:
4242:
4238:
4236:
4235:
4231:
4229:
4228:
4224:
4223:
4221:
4219:
4218:
4213:
4207:
4206:
4202:
4200:
4199:
4195:
4194:
4192:
4190:
4189:
4184:
4178:
4177:
4173:
4171:
4170:
4166:
4164:
4163:
4159:
4158:
4156:
4154:
4153:
4148:
4145:
4141:
4135:
4132:
4131:
4129:
4125:
4115:
4112:
4110:
4107:
4105:
4102:
4101:
4099:
4095:
4089:
4086:
4085:
4083:
4081:
4077:
4071:
4068:
4066:
4063:
4061:
4058:
4056:
4053:
4051:
4048:
4046:
4043:
4041:
4038:
4036:
4033:
4031:
4028:
4026:
4023:
4021:
4020:Bourbon virus
4018:
4016:
4013:
4012:
4010:
4008:
4004:
3994:
3991:
3990:
3988:
3986:
3985:Thiotrichales
3982:
3976:
3973:
3971:
3968:
3966:
3963:
3962:
3960:
3958:
3954:
3945:
3942:
3940:
3937:
3935:
3932:
3930:
3927:
3926:
3925:
3922:
3920:
3917:
3914:
3912:
3906:
3902:
3898:
3895:
3893:
3890:
3888:
3885:
3884:
3882:
3880:
3879:Rickettsiales
3876:
3873:
3871:
3867:
3864:
3860:
3855:
3848:
3843:
3841:
3836:
3834:
3829:
3828:
3825:
3805:
3802:
3801:
3799:
3797:
3796:
3791:
3785:
3782:
3778:
3775:
3774:
3773:
3770:
3769:
3767:
3765:
3764:
3763:Rhabdoviridae
3759:
3756:
3750:
3740:
3737:
3735:
3732:
3731:
3729:
3727:
3726:
3721:
3715:
3712:
3710:
3707:
3705:
3702:
3701:
3699:
3697:
3696:
3691:
3685:
3684:
3680:
3679:
3677:
3675:
3674:
3673:Herpesviridae
3669:
3666:
3664:
3658:
3646:
3643:
3641:
3638:
3637:
3636:
3633:
3631:
3628:
3627:
3625:
3623:
3622:
3621:Coronaviridae
3617:
3609:
3606:
3604:
3601:
3600:
3599:
3596:
3595:
3593:
3591:
3590:
3585:
3579:
3576:
3572:
3569:
3567:
3564:
3562:
3559:
3557:
3554:
3553:
3552:
3549:
3548:
3546:
3544:
3543:
3542:Rhabdoviridae
3538:
3530:
3527:
3525:
3522:
3521:
3520:
3517:
3513:
3510:
3508:
3505:
3503:
3500:
3498:
3495:
3494:
3493:
3490:
3489:
3487:
3485:
3484:
3479:
3476:
3474:
3468:
3458:
3457:
3453:
3452:
3450:
3448:
3447:
3446:Herpesviridae
3442:
3434:
3431:
3429:
3426:
3425:
3424:
3421:
3417:
3414:
3412:
3409:
3407:
3404:
3402:
3399:
3397:
3394:
3392:
3389:
3388:
3387:
3384:
3383:
3381:
3379:
3378:
3373:
3367:
3364:
3362:
3359:
3354:
3353:
3352:
3349:
3345:
3342:
3341:
3340:
3337:
3333:
3330:
3329:
3328:
3325:
3320:
3319:
3318:
3315:
3311:
3308:
3307:
3306:
3302:
3299:
3298:
3296:
3294:
3293:
3288:
3285:
3283:
3277:
3274:
3272:
3266:
3252:
3249:
3248:
3246:
3244:
3243:
3242:Rhabdoviridae
3238:
3232:
3229:
3225:
3224:Toscana virus
3222:
3221:
3220:
3217:
3213:
3210:
3209:
3208:
3205:
3202:
3199:
3198:
3196:
3194:
3193:
3188:
3185:
3183:
3177:
3167:
3164:
3159:
3158:
3157:
3154:
3153:
3151:
3149:
3148:
3143:
3137:
3136:Bourbon virus
3134:
3133:
3131:
3129:
3128:
3123:
3114:
3113:
3112:
3109:
3105:
3102:
3099:
3098:
3097:
3094:
3089:
3088:
3087:
3083:
3080:
3076:
3073:
3072:
3071:
3068:
3064:
3061:
3060:
3059:
3055:
3052:
3051:
3049:
3047:
3046:
3041:
3035:
3031:
3028:
3026:
3023:
3020:
3016:
3013:
3011:
3008:
3005:
3001:
2998:
2997:
2995:
2993:
2992:
2987:
2984:
2982:
2976:
2966:
2963:
2962:
2960:
2958:
2957:
2952:
2946:
2943:
2939:
2936:
2935:
2934:
2931:
2927:
2926:Sindbis virus
2924:
2923:
2922:
2919:
2914:
2913:
2912:
2909:
2905:
2902:
2901:
2900:
2897:
2892:
2891:
2890:
2887:
2882:
2881:
2880:
2877:
2872:
2871:
2870:
2866:
2863:
2862:
2860:
2858:
2857:
2852:
2844:
2841:
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2341:
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2329:
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2273:
2270:
2268:
2262:
2252:
2251:
2247:
2245:
2244:
2240:
2236:
2235:Parainfluenza
2233:
2232:
2231:
2230:
2225:
2224:
2219:
2218:
2213:
2209:
2206:
2205:
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2203:
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2195:
2191:
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2185:
2180:
2177:
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2167:
2166:
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2151:
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2143:
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2126:
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2123:
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2108:
2103:
2100:
2099:
2097:
2095:
2091:
2085:
2084:
2080:
2076:
2072:
2071:EBV infection
2069:
2068:
2067:
2066:
2062:
2061:
2059:
2057:
2053:
2050:
2048:
2043:
2036:
2032:
2024:
2021:
2019:
2016:
2015:
2014:
2013:
2009:
2008:
2006:
2004:
2000:
1988:
1985:
1984:
1983:
1982:
1978:
1974:
1971:
1970:
1969:
1968:
1964:
1963:
1961:
1959:
1955:
1947:
1944:
1943:
1942:
1941:
1937:
1933:
1930:
1928:
1927:Poliomyelitis
1925:
1924:
1923:
1922:
1918:
1917:
1915:
1913:
1909:
1903:
1900:
1898:
1895:
1893:
1890:
1886:
1883:
1882:
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1807:
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1630:
1629:Vulvar cancer
1627:
1625:
1624:Penile cancer
1622:
1620:
1617:
1615:
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1611:
1610:
1609:
1605:
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1479:
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1427:
1423:
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1341:(44): 20003.
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1085:compendium.ch
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915:(in German).
914:
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870:
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863:(4): 882–90.
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823:
818:
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810:
806:
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656:Euro Surveill
653:
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634:
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489:FSME-Immun CC
486:
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476:
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410:
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390:
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361:
358:Sheep ticks (
356:
349:
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341:
337:
334:
333:
328:
325:
324:
319:
318:
317:
314:
312:
311:Lev A. Zilber
308:
304:
303:
298:
290:
288:
285:
283:
279:
274:
271:
268:
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261:
257:
248:
241:
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237:
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229:
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190:
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158:
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120:
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84:
80:
77:
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70: –
69:
65:
64:Find sources:
58:
54:
48:
47:
42:This article
40:
36:
31:
30:
27:
19:
4307:
4289:
4282:
4275:
4267:Ornithodoros
4265:
4253:
4246:
4239:
4232:
4225:
4215:
4203:
4196:
4186:
4174:
4167:
4160:
4150:
4127:Infestations
4069:
4015:Bhanja virus
3970:Lyme disease
3919:Scrub typhus
3910:
3897:Ehrlichiosis
3887:Anaplasmosis
3793:
3784:Mokola virus
3761:
3723:
3695:Retroviridae
3693:
3681:
3671:
3619:
3587:
3540:
3481:
3454:
3444:
3377:Bunyavirales
3375:
3292:Arenaviridae
3290:
3240:
3192:Bunyavirales
3190:
3145:
3125:
3111:Langat virus
3057:
3045:Flaviviridae
3043:
3034:Bhanja virus
2991:Bunyavirales
2989:
2954:
2854:
2826:Yellow fever
2814:Dengue fever
2734:Flaviviridae
2732:
2677:Tahyna virus
2642:Bwamba Fever
2619:Bunyavirales
2617:
2528:
2521:
2497:
2490:Pancreatitis
2472:
2460:
2448:
2436:
2429:
2410:
2385:
2378:
2371:
2359:
2338:
2301:
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2248:
2241:
2227:
2221:
2188:
2182:
2162:
2148:
2134:
2105:
2081:
2063:
2018:Pericarditis
2010:
1979:
1965:
1938:
1919:
1877:
1862:
1843:
1829:
1808:
1791:Encephalitis
1760:
1733:
1714:
1693:
1659:
1645:
1606:
1592:
1500:
1476:
1465:
1450:
1435:
1420:
1385:. Retrieved
1381:
1372:
1360:. Retrieved
1338:
1334:
1324:
1297:
1293:
1283:
1238:
1234:
1224:
1181:
1177:
1147:10665/241769
1137:
1133:
1127:
1115:. Retrieved
1110:
1101:
1089:. Retrieved
1084:
1081:"Encepur® N"
1075:
1040:
1036:
1026:
989:
985:
975:
942:
938:
916:
912:
885:
860:
856:
850:
838:. Retrieved
834:
825:
800:
796:
790:
757:
753:
711:. Retrieved
706:
659:
655:
645:
604:
600:
557:
545:encephalitis
538:
534:
531:Epidemiology
498:
488:
484:
479:
464:
436:
418:
405:fresh cheese
398:
384:
378:
374:
373:, including
365:
359:
350:Transmission
345:
339:
330:
321:
315:
307:Flaviviridae
300:
294:
286:
275:
272:
265:
253:
213:
209:
193:encephalitis
173:
169:
168:
115:
109:January 2010
106:
96:
89:
82:
75:
63:
51:Please help
46:verification
43:
26:
4188:Dermacentor
3957:Spirochaete
3483:Filoviridae
3305:Lassa fever
3201:Adria virus
2899:Chikungunya
2856:Togaviridae
2786:Usutu virus
2708:Ngari virus
2632:Batai virus
2387:Coronavirus
2128:Common cold
2040:acute viral
2023:Myocarditis
1867:(probable)
1619:Anal cancer
525:respiratory
471:vaccination
467:prophylaxis
432:pleocytosis
284:and death.
258:. After an
4329:Categories
4088:Babesiosis
3911:E. ewingii
3795:Poxviridae
3725:Poxviridae
3645:SARS-CoV-2
3147:Reoviridae
3025:Tete virus
2956:Reoviridae
2838:Zika fever
2687:Tete virus
2585:(A80–B34,
2514:Urogenital
2380:Astrovirus
2340:Adenovirus
2164:SARS-CoV-2
1921:Poliovirus
1796:meningitis
1502:Patient UK
1478:DiseasesDB
1117:21 January
1091:21 January
840:15 January
713:15 January
601:The Lancet
575:References
553:Landkreise
541:meningitis
515:, such as
511:severity.
449:Prevention
380:I. ricinus
302:Flavivirus
189:meningitis
79:newspapers
4152:Amblyomma
3993:Tularemia
3913:infection
3804:Monkeypox
2596:Arthropod
2425:RNA virus
2406:DNA virus
2398:Hepatitis
2373:Norovirus
2361:Rotavirus
2355:RNA virus
2334:DNA virus
2280:Esophagus
2208:Influenza
2094:RNA virus
2056:DNA virus
1825:RNA virus
1804:DNA virus
1710:RNA virus
1588:DNA virus
1580:Oncovirus
1531:Factsheet
1257:1756-3305
1198:2164-5515
621:0140-6736
507:based on
501:antiviral
495:Treatment
485:Encepur N
415:Diagnosis
401:goat milk
220:ruminants
157:Specialty
3862:Diseases
3752:Multiple
3640:SARS-CoV
3630:MERS-CoV
2819:DENV-1-4
2607:Mosquito
2580:Zoonotic
2523:BK virus
2326:diarrhea
2170:COVID-19
1912:Myelitis
1357:22085619
1316:21968422
1275:24618209
1216:23377671
1156:21661276
1067:19160184
1018:25984517
967:12844392
959:28762591
877:10825054
817:18755391
782:59252822
774:30678880
678:18761916
629:18514730
564:woodland
549:myelitis
509:syndrome
368:woodland
282:seizures
267:Sequelae
256:biphasic
205:sequelae
201:Myelitis
3754:vectors
3734:Tanapox
3683:B virus
3661:Primate
3180:Sandfly
3006:(CCHFV)
2587:042–079
2276:Pharynx
1780:Central
1472:D004675
1382:CDC.gov
1266:4007564
1241:: 102.
1207:3899155
1058:6532705
1009:4419106
760:: 1–6.
737:WikiVet
278:tremors
228:rodents
176:) is a
93:scholar
4217:Ixodes
3909:Human
3772:Rabies
3714:HTLV-2
3709:HTLV-1
3663:-borne
3551:Rabies
3473:-borne
3282:-borne
3280:Rodent
3271:-borne
3269:Mammal
3203:(ADRV)
3182:-borne
2981:-borne
2609:-borne
2598:-borne
1940:HTLV-I
1885:Rabies
1735:HTLV-I
1387:4 June
1362:4 June
1355:
1314:
1300:(39).
1273:
1263:
1255:
1214:
1204:
1196:
1154:
1065:
1055:
1016:
1006:
965:
957:
875:
815:
780:
772:
676:
662:(26).
637:901857
635:
627:
619:
459:forest
232:horses
95:
88:
81:
74:
66:
4301:Other
3512:ZEBOV
3416:THAIV
2904:CHIKV
2536:Mumps
2295:Mumps
2265:Human
1695:MCPyV
1527:(CDC)
1483:29274
963:S2CID
909:(PDF)
778:S2CID
633:S2CID
437:PCR (
371:ticks
291:Cause
224:birds
178:viral
100:JSTOR
86:books
3777:RABV
3578:CHPV
3566:DUVV
3561:MOKV
3556:ABLV
3529:RAVV
3524:MARV
3507:TAFV
3502:SUDV
3497:BDBV
3428:ANDV
3411:AMRV
3406:SEOV
3401:PUUV
3396:HTNV
3391:DOBV
3366:CHPV
3361:LUJV
3355:MACV
3344:SABV
3332:JUNV
3321:GTOV
3310:LASV
3160:CTFV
3115:LGTV
3104:AHFV
3100:KFDV
3090:OHFV
3075:POWV
3063:TBEV
2979:Tick
2915:ONNV
2893:VEEV
2883:WEEV
2873:EEEV
2843:ZIKV
2790:USUV
2780:SLEV
2769:KUNV
2764:MVEV
2722:RVFV
2712:NRIV
2702:BUNV
2681:TAHV
2671:LACV
2646:BWAV
2636:BATV
2250:hMPV
2122:OC43
2118:HKU1
2114:NL63
2110:229E
1768:AIDS
1647:KSHV
1467:MeSH
1456:9-CM
1431:1C8G
1389:2016
1364:2016
1353:PMID
1312:PMID
1271:PMID
1253:ISSN
1212:PMID
1194:ISSN
1152:PMID
1119:2018
1093:2018
1063:PMID
1041:2009
1014:PMID
955:PMID
873:PMID
842:2019
813:PMID
770:PMID
715:2019
674:PMID
625:PMID
617:ISSN
523:and
487:and
395:Milk
383:and
214:The
72:news
3608:NiV
3603:HeV
3571:LBV
3471:Bat
3433:SNV
2938:RRV
2831:YFV
2801:WNV
2752:JEV
2656:CEV
2530:MuV
2499:CBV
2474:HEV
2462:HDV
2450:HCV
2438:HAV
2431:CBV
2412:HBV
2289:MuV
2220:V,
2012:CBV
1981:HSV
1958:Eye
1845:LCV
1831:MeV
1762:HIV
1716:HCV
1661:EBV
1608:HPV
1594:HBV
1523:at
1461:063
1452:ICD
1446:A84
1437:ICD
1422:ICD
1343:doi
1302:doi
1261:PMC
1243:doi
1202:PMC
1186:doi
1142:hdl
1053:PMC
1045:doi
1004:PMC
994:doi
947:doi
865:doi
805:doi
762:doi
664:doi
609:doi
605:371
547:or
280:to
195:or
174:TBE
55:by
4331::
3907:,
3903:,
3303::
3084::
3056::
3032::
3002::
2867::
2812::
2745::
2696::
2630::
2226::
2187::
2181:,
2104::
2102:IV
1879:RV
1570:–
1505::
1481::
1470::
1459::
1444::
1441:10
1429::
1426:11
1380:.
1351:.
1339:16
1337:.
1333:.
1310:.
1298:16
1296:.
1292:.
1269:.
1259:.
1251:.
1237:.
1233:.
1210:.
1200:.
1192:.
1180:.
1176:.
1164:^
1150:.
1138:86
1136:.
1109:.
1083:.
1061:.
1051:.
1039:.
1035:.
1012:.
1002:.
988:.
984:.
961:.
953:.
943:24
941:.
937:.
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