565:
279:
2244:
390:
1013:
114:
382:
648:, which included most of the Roman Maghreb. Later the area was subdivided, with the eastern part keeping the former name and the newer part receiving the name of Mauretania Tingitana. It is not known exactly at what period there may have been an episcopal see at Tangier in ancient times, but in the late Middle Ages Tangier was
17:
498:
and what was perhaps a temple on the site of the Great Mosque, and that the decumanus maximus corresponded roughly to the Zenga Es
Siaghine. Among the few antiquities that have been discovered, the only noteworthy finds, aside from inscriptions and a few mosaic fragments, are a statue of a woman of
480:
Called
Colonia Iulia Tingi on its coins, governed most likely under Latin law and at first attached administratively to Spain, it became under Claudius a Roman colony and chief city of the province of Mauretania Tingitana after it was set up. In 297 the city probably served Maximianus as a base
485:
rebels, and it was very likely about this time that the
Christians Marcellus and Cassienus were put to death. The former belonged to a Spanish community, the latter, however, probably to a local church which funerary inscriptions show existed in the 4th-5th c. although there is no mention of a
494:, and confused remains of a monument—apparently a Christian basilica—have been uncovered in the Rue de Belgique. So far as the rest of the city is concerned one can only presume that the forum was situated on the site of the
652:(i.e., an honorific fiction for the appointment of curial and auxiliary bishops). For the historical reasons given above, one official list of the Roman Curia places the see in Mauretania Caesariensis.
2140:
564:
196:. Syphax supposedly founded the port of Tingis and named it his mother's honor after her death. The gigantic skeleton and tomb of Antaeus were tourist attractions for ancient visitors. The
1002:
2957:
490:) and south (Bou Kachkach). Nothing remains of the substructures, which could still be seen on the seashore at the beginning of the century. There were also some baths underneath the
486:
bishopric until the 6th c. The limits of the ancient settlement are clearly marked by the necropolis discovered to the northwest (that of
Marshan and Avenue Cenario), to the west (
2133:
678:
A small
Christian community survived in Tangier as late as the 10th century. Due to its Christian past, Tangier—under the name Tingis—is still a titular see of the
2126:
882:
995:
2942:
2865:
601:. Tingis was fortified and a new church erected. However, its commercial strength had waned, a change attested by its decreased issuance of coins.
2952:
2850:
988:
278:
897:
2903:
649:
2243:
971:
772:
389:
314:, &c. It maintained strong ties to its Carthaginian heritage, issuing bronze coins with Punic legends reading "City of Titga" (
2829:
1824:
935:
609:
425:
2882:
1012:
2947:
2962:
980:
742:
454:
colony of Tingis". Under the early empire, it began to use Latin script, issuing its bronze coins with the legend
1016:
940:
621:
2789:
2303:
1874:
951:
Las colonias y municipios de la
Mauretania Tingitana (Tingis, Zilis, Lixus, Banasa, Thamusida, Sala, Volubilis)
461:
2794:
2784:
848:
645:
128:
2418:
2403:
2283:
2258:
2193:
2183:
1709:
421:
2554:
2518:
2188:
1583:
1030:
679:
16:
2870:
2779:
2198:
1839:
1819:
1649:
1524:
1180:
1089:
705:
691:
656:
441:
355:
153:
121:
94:
2834:
2799:
2559:
1639:
1374:
617:
598:
568:
547:
473:
370:
267:
225:
222:
173:
102:
70:
1598:
892:, Studi Africanistici: Quaderni di Studi Berberi e Libico-Berberi, Naples: Unior, pp. 65–71,
2875:
2860:
2313:
2298:
1763:
1394:
701:
664:
637:
520:
161:
1893:
550:. Tingis remained the capital of the larger territory, maintaining its status and development.
2809:
2564:
2333:
2293:
2010:
1313:
1221:
1185:
967:
903:
893:
791:
768:
605:
524:
405:
197:
139:
136:
2118:
2689:
2584:
2323:
2278:
1981:
1930:
1854:
1465:
1105:
595:
291:
150:
117:
2855:
1333:
1298:
612:
in 702, after which it was reduced to a small town more commonly discussed under the name
503:
As a provincial capital, Tingis developed and prospered. In the 4th century, it surpassed
49:
1423:
523:. Tingis was famed throughout the Roman Empire for its fishing conserve industry. Under
2824:
2751:
2735:
2694:
2674:
2423:
2413:
2203:
2076:
1758:
1694:
1644:
1608:
1554:
1364:
1226:
1164:
747:
625:
295:
235:
169:
90:
82:
32:
221:
BC by
Phoenecians, before being settled around the beginning of the 6th century BC by
2936:
2629:
2604:
2508:
2208:
2173:
2021:
1784:
1515:
1495:
1354:
1329:
919:
890:
La Lingua nella Vita e la Vita della Lingua: Itinerari e
Percorsi degli Studi Berberi
508:
433:
417:
147:
86:
113:
2594:
2348:
2213:
2016:
2006:
1889:
1724:
1544:
1540:
1303:
1278:
1206:
1045:
711:
696:
532:
516:
512:
451:
201:
165:
78:
2398:
381:
961:
2804:
2549:
2478:
1976:
1788:
1745:
1613:
1409:
1399:
1145:
1129:
1125:
1039:
495:
393:
655:
Towards the end of the third century, Tingis was the scene of the martyrdom of
2774:
2730:
2725:
2709:
2679:
2579:
2544:
2388:
2328:
1986:
1950:
1945:
1683:
1288:
1140:
883:"Toponymie et Onomastique Libyques: L'Apport de l'Écriture Punique/Néopunique"
671:, mentioned on 3 December. Indeed, according to tradition, the martyrdom of St
572:
539:
528:
299:
287:
177:
98:
74:
2918:
2905:
907:
640:
history of Tingis started during the second half of the first century, under
2814:
2634:
2574:
2498:
2488:
2463:
2438:
2433:
2373:
2288:
2233:
2223:
2107:
2102:
2092:
2001:
1899:
1878:
1729:
1689:
1634:
1414:
1242:
1100:
1070:
1035:
814:
812:
504:
487:
302:. Its name during this time appears in Greek and Roman sources variously as
185:
143:
1884:
1843:
1339:
2819:
2684:
2659:
2649:
2624:
2599:
2528:
2523:
2473:
2468:
2458:
2378:
2358:
2338:
2178:
2066:
1869:
1834:
1814:
1808:
1804:
1704:
1664:
1629:
1577:
1560:
1378:
1369:
1160:
1149:
1119:
1110:
1060:
738:
641:
437:
429:
157:
923:
2756:
2704:
2669:
2644:
2639:
2589:
2513:
2503:
2448:
2428:
2408:
2393:
2383:
2368:
2363:
2353:
2343:
2263:
2070:
2061:
2046:
2036:
1996:
1971:
1925:
1863:
1859:
1719:
1699:
1673:
1659:
1653:
1505:
1485:
1475:
1470:
1434:
1429:
1384:
1348:
1344:
1283:
1215:
1170:
1115:
1079:
1075:
1054:
1050:
613:
584:
576:
559:
465:
363:
359:
181:
66:
62:
2699:
2664:
2619:
2614:
2609:
2569:
2493:
2483:
2443:
2268:
2228:
2218:
2097:
2051:
2041:
2025:
1990:
1955:
1940:
1935:
1849:
1767:
1753:
1714:
1669:
1603:
1490:
1479:
1450:
1273:
1252:
1211:
1190:
1174:
1155:
1135:
1095:
765:
Cities of the Middle East and North Africa: A Historical
Encyclopedia
491:
189:
132:
2654:
2318:
2308:
2273:
2055:
2031:
1920:
1915:
1828:
1798:
1794:
1587:
1510:
1455:
1419:
1404:
1389:
1358:
1307:
1293:
1257:
1085:
1064:
563:
499:
indifferent workmanship and a mutilated head of the emperor Galba.
482:
388:
380:
367:
217:
A settlement in Tingis began, at the earliest, in the 10th century
193:
112:
28:
15:
644:'s rule. Originally, the city was part of the larger province of
2453:
2168:
1679:
1593:
1519:
1500:
1460:
1247:
515:. Tingis at its peak reached 20,000 inhabitants, all thoroughly
469:
351:
2122:
984:
535:
and the second into the mountainous interior toward
Volubilis.
1550:
36:
832:
830:
663:, mentioned in the Roman Martyrology on 30 October, and of
531:
were constructed from Tingis: one on the Atlantic coast to
184:
and again condemned her father to eternally supporting the
228:, who variously recorded the name of their settlement as
928:(2nd ed.), Oxford: Clarendon Press, pp. 887 ff
56:
412:, took and held Tingis for a number of years in the 70s
266:). The town is sometimes connected to the voyages of
2843:
2765:
2744:
2718:
2537:
2251:
2161:
2085:
1964:
1908:
1777:
1738:
1622:
1569:
1533:
1443:
1322:
1266:
1235:
1199:
1023:
85:. It was eventually granted the status of a Roman
428:. Tingis grew in importance as a free city under
400:The town came under Roman rule in the 1st century
542:'s reform of Roman governmental structures in AD
20:Location of Tingis in Roman Mauretania Tingitana
478:
2958:Roman towns and cities in Mauretania Tingitana
836:
591:425 before sweeping across the Roman Maghreb.
2134:
996:
944:, vol. XIV, New York: Encyclopedia Press
546:296, Mauretania Tingitana became part of the
444:. As a Roman colony, it bore the formal name
8:
594:Between 534 and 682, Tingis was restored to
339:
327:
315:
261:
249:
2149:Romano-Berber cities in Roman North Africa
2141:
2127:
2119:
1003:
989:
981:
818:
2866:Christianity in the Roman Africa province
277:
2851:North Africa during classical antiquity
2156:Sorted by contemporary national borders
727:
587:conquered and occupied Tingis around AD
131:claimed that Tingis had been named for
953:University of Sevilla. Sevilla, 2010.
2893:UNESCO World Heritage Sites Proposed
803:
733:
731:
675:Marcellus took place on 28 July 298.
604:Tingis fell under the control of the
507:when that city was left south of the
7:
963:Medina Mayrit: The Origins of Madrid
787:
340:
328:
316:
262:
250:
239:
918:Head, Barclay; et al. (1911),
282:A coin of Tingi with a Punic legend
294:lost control of the colony to the
142:, who was supposed to support the
120:'s 1st African map, showing Roman
14:
2943:Roman towns and cities in Morocco
385:Surviving walls from Roman Tingis
2242:
1011:
481:during his campaign against the
200:, where he supposedly rested on
2883:Roman colonies in Berber Africa
2830:Praetorian prefecture of Africa
1645:Heq she Elisha (Ksar es-Seghir)
966:, New York: Algora Publishing,
610:Muslim conquest of North Africa
2953:Phoenician colonies in Morocco
1017:Phoenician cities and colonies
146:nearby. They claimed that the
1:
440:, who made it the capital of
192:and fathered the Berber hero
2399:Oppidum Novum (Caesariensis)
180:. Having killed her husband
89:and made the capital of the
934:Pétridés, Sophron (1913), "
2979:
1997:Hippo Diarrhytus (Bizerte)
557:
460:; these bore Augustus and
57:
37:
2891:
2240:
2209:Oppidum Novum (Tingitana)
2154:
1750:Portus Magonis (Portimão)
1314:Strato's Tower (Caesarea)
767:. ABC-CLIO. p. 345.
338:), or "people of Tinga" (
1496:Ornithon (Tell el-Burak)
763:Dumper, Michael (2007).
377:Roman provincial capital
2785:Mauretania Caesariensis
881:Ghaki, Mansour (2015),
646:Mauretania Caesariensis
624:from Tingis and nearby
341:𐤌𐤁𐤏𐤋 𐤕𐤉𐤍𐤂𐤀
164:, which carried him to
61:), the ancient name of
2194:Iulia Campestris Babba
2184:Iulia Constantia Zilil
739:L. Mestrius Plutarchus
580:
501:
397:
386:
329:𐤁𐤏𐤋𐤕 𐤕𐤉𐤍𐤂𐤀
283:
188:, Hercules slept with
124:
21:
2189:Iulia Valentia Banasa
1340:Cape Melqart (Cefalù)
941:Catholic Encyclopedia
868:Cass. Dio XLVIII 45.3
859:Princeton: M.Euzennat
837:Head & al. (1911)
680:Roman Catholic Church
567:
392:
384:
281:
116:
19:
2948:Mauretania Tingitana
2871:Early African Church
2780:Mauretania Tingitana
2299:Castellum Tingitanum
2017:Maqom Hadesh (Ounga)
1855:Carthage (Cartagena)
1243:Callista (Santorini)
1181:Tipasa in Mauretania
1141:Rusippisir (Taksebt)
692:Mauretania Tingitana
442:Mauritania Tingitana
356:interpretatio Graeca
326:), "City of Tinga" (
317:𐤁𐤏𐤋𐤕 𐤕𐤕𐤂𐤀
204:, remain one today.
122:Mauretania Tingitana
95:Mauretania Tingitana
2915: /
2835:Exarchate of Africa
1754:Olissipona (Lisbon)
618:Moussa Ibn Noussair
548:Diocese of Hispania
511:and unprotected by
447:Colonia Iulia Tingi
268:Hanno the Navigator
103:diocese of Hispania
69:, was an important
2963:History of Tangier
2876:Church of Carthage
2861:Limes Tripolitanus
2800:Creta et Cyrenaica
2314:Civitas Popthensis
1926:Balanaea (Baniyas)
1156:Rusuccuru (Dellys)
960:Ruiz, Ana (2012),
581:
398:
387:
284:
125:
22:
2898:
2897:
2810:Diocese of Africa
2334:Diana Veteranorum
2294:Castellum Dimmidi
2116:
2115:
1746:Portus Hannibalis
1635:Arambys (Mogador)
1520:Ushu (Palaetyrus)
1501:Porphyreon (Jieh)
1370:Kapara (Soluntum)
1186:Tipasa in Numidia
1136:Rusicade (Skikda)
899:978-88-6719-125-3
622:conquest of Spain
606:Umayyad Caliphate
575:, as depicted in
525:Septimius Severus
298:-allied kings of
198:Caves of Hercules
2970:
2930:
2929:
2927:
2926:
2925:
2920:
2919:35.783°N 5.817°W
2916:
2913:
2912:
2911:
2908:
2844:Related articles
2690:Turris Tamalleni
2585:Hippo Diarrhytus
2324:Cohors Breucorum
2246:
2143:
2136:
2129:
2120:
1885:Tagilit (Tíjola)
1660:Shalat (Chellah)
1630:Azama (Azemmour)
1015:
1005:
998:
991:
982:
976:
956:
949:Rachid, Mueden.
945:
929:
925:Historia Numorum
914:
910:
887:
869:
866:
860:
857:
851:
846:
840:
834:
825:
816:
807:
801:
795:
785:
779:
778:
760:
754:
752:
735:
674:
668:
660:
590:
571:and his general
545:
459:
458:
449:
415:
409:
403:
349:
348:
343:
342:
337:
336:
331:
330:
325:
324:
319:
318:
274:Mauretanian city
265:
264:
259:
258:
253:
252:
247:
246:
241:
233:
232:
220:
172:to retrieve the
101:'s reforms, the
60:
59:
55:
40:
39:
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2977:
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2968:
2967:
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2921:
2917:
2914:
2909:
2906:
2904:
2902:
2901:
2899:
2894:
2887:
2856:African Romance
2839:
2767:
2761:
2740:
2714:
2533:
2247:
2238:
2157:
2150:
2147:
2117:
2112:
2081:
1972:Aspis (Kelibia)
1960:
1904:
1773:
1759:Ossonoba (Faro)
1734:
1618:
1565:
1529:
1466:Athar (Tripoli)
1439:
1318:
1262:
1231:
1195:
1071:Iol (Cherchell)
1019:
1009:
974:
959:
954:
933:
917:
912:
900:
885:
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872:
867:
863:
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835:
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798:
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775:
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757:
743:"15: Sertorius"
737:
736:
729:
725:
720:
688:
672:
666:
658:
634:
608:as part of the
588:
562:
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543:
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445:
413:
407:
401:
379:
346:
345:
334:
333:
322:
321:
276:
256:
255:
244:
243:
230:
229:
218:
215:
213:Phoenician port
210:
156:the stories of
144:vault of heaven
111:
53:
12:
11:
5:
2976:
2974:
2966:
2965:
2960:
2955:
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2935:
2934:
2924:35.783; -5.817
2896:
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2825:Vandal Kingdom
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2675:Thuburbo Majus
2672:
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2424:Quiza Xenitana
2421:
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2414:Portus Divinus
2411:
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2089:
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2044:
2042:Sicca (El Kef)
2039:
2034:
2029:
2019:
2014:
2004:
1999:
1994:
1984:
1979:
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1968:
1966:
1962:
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1697:
1692:
1687:
1677:
1667:
1662:
1657:
1647:
1642:
1637:
1632:
1626:
1624:
1620:
1619:
1617:
1616:
1611:
1609:Ras il-Wardija
1606:
1601:
1596:
1591:
1581:
1573:
1571:
1567:
1566:
1564:
1563:
1558:
1548:
1537:
1535:
1531:
1530:
1528:
1527:
1522:
1513:
1508:
1503:
1498:
1493:
1491:Gebal (Byblos)
1488:
1486:Botrys (Teros)
1483:
1473:
1468:
1463:
1458:
1453:
1447:
1445:
1441:
1440:
1438:
1437:
1432:
1427:
1417:
1412:
1407:
1402:
1397:
1392:
1387:
1382:
1372:
1367:
1365:Heraclea Minoa
1362:
1352:
1342:
1337:
1326:
1324:
1320:
1319:
1317:
1316:
1311:
1301:
1296:
1291:
1286:
1281:
1276:
1270:
1268:
1264:
1263:
1261:
1260:
1255:
1250:
1245:
1239:
1237:
1233:
1232:
1230:
1229:
1224:
1219:
1209:
1203:
1201:
1197:
1196:
1194:
1193:
1188:
1183:
1178:
1168:
1158:
1153:
1143:
1138:
1133:
1123:
1113:
1108:
1103:
1098:
1096:Kissi (Djinet)
1093:
1083:
1073:
1068:
1058:
1048:
1043:
1033:
1027:
1025:
1021:
1020:
1010:
1008:
1007:
1000:
993:
985:
979:
978:
972:
957:
947:
931:
915:
898:
876:
873:
871:
870:
861:
852:
841:
826:
808:
796:
780:
773:
755:
748:Parallel Lives
726:
724:
721:
719:
716:
715:
714:
709:
702:Saints Cassian
699:
694:
687:
684:
633:
630:
620:organized the
558:Main article:
555:
552:
432:and then as a
426:regime in Rome
416:BC as part of
378:
375:
350:). These bore
275:
272:
214:
211:
209:
206:
170:North Atlantic
154:comported with
110:
107:
83:Atlantic Ocean
50:Ancient Berber
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2975:
2964:
2961:
2959:
2956:
2954:
2951:
2949:
2946:
2944:
2941:
2940:
2938:
2931:
2928:
2890:
2884:
2881:
2877:
2874:
2872:
2869:
2868:
2867:
2864:
2862:
2859:
2857:
2854:
2852:
2849:
2848:
2846:
2842:
2836:
2833:
2831:
2828:
2826:
2823:
2821:
2818:
2816:
2813:
2811:
2808:
2806:
2803:
2801:
2798:
2796:
2793:
2791:
2788:
2786:
2783:
2781:
2778:
2776:
2773:
2772:
2770:
2768:and provinces
2764:
2758:
2755:
2753:
2750:
2749:
2747:
2743:
2737:
2734:
2732:
2729:
2727:
2724:
2723:
2721:
2717:
2711:
2708:
2706:
2703:
2701:
2698:
2696:
2693:
2691:
2688:
2686:
2683:
2681:
2678:
2676:
2673:
2671:
2668:
2666:
2663:
2661:
2658:
2656:
2653:
2651:
2648:
2646:
2643:
2641:
2638:
2636:
2633:
2631:
2628:
2626:
2623:
2621:
2618:
2616:
2613:
2611:
2608:
2606:
2605:Pheradi Majus
2603:
2601:
2598:
2596:
2593:
2591:
2588:
2586:
2583:
2581:
2578:
2576:
2573:
2571:
2568:
2566:
2563:
2561:
2558:
2556:
2553:
2551:
2548:
2546:
2543:
2542:
2540:
2536:
2530:
2527:
2525:
2522:
2520:
2517:
2515:
2512:
2510:
2509:Unica Colonia
2507:
2505:
2502:
2500:
2497:
2495:
2492:
2490:
2487:
2485:
2482:
2480:
2477:
2475:
2472:
2470:
2467:
2465:
2462:
2460:
2457:
2455:
2452:
2450:
2447:
2445:
2442:
2440:
2437:
2435:
2432:
2430:
2427:
2425:
2422:
2420:
2419:Portus Magnus
2417:
2415:
2412:
2410:
2407:
2405:
2402:
2400:
2397:
2395:
2392:
2390:
2387:
2385:
2382:
2380:
2377:
2375:
2372:
2370:
2367:
2365:
2362:
2360:
2357:
2355:
2352:
2350:
2347:
2345:
2342:
2340:
2337:
2335:
2332:
2330:
2327:
2325:
2322:
2320:
2317:
2315:
2312:
2310:
2307:
2305:
2302:
2300:
2297:
2295:
2292:
2290:
2287:
2285:
2282:
2280:
2277:
2275:
2272:
2270:
2267:
2265:
2262:
2260:
2259:Aquae Calidae
2257:
2256:
2254:
2250:
2245:
2235:
2232:
2230:
2227:
2225:
2222:
2220:
2217:
2215:
2212:
2210:
2207:
2205:
2202:
2200:
2197:
2195:
2192:
2190:
2187:
2185:
2182:
2180:
2177:
2175:
2172:
2170:
2167:
2166:
2164:
2160:
2153:
2144:
2139:
2137:
2132:
2130:
2125:
2124:
2121:
2109:
2106:
2104:
2101:
2099:
2096:
2094:
2091:
2090:
2088:
2084:
2078:
2075:
2072:
2068:
2065:
2063:
2060:
2057:
2053:
2050:
2048:
2045:
2043:
2040:
2038:
2035:
2033:
2030:
2027:
2023:
2020:
2018:
2015:
2012:
2008:
2005:
2003:
2000:
1998:
1995:
1992:
1988:
1985:
1983:
1980:
1978:
1975:
1973:
1970:
1969:
1967:
1963:
1957:
1954:
1952:
1949:
1947:
1944:
1942:
1939:
1937:
1934:
1932:
1929:
1927:
1924:
1922:
1921:Marat (Amrit)
1919:
1917:
1914:
1913:
1911:
1907:
1901:
1898:
1895:
1891:
1888:
1886:
1883:
1880:
1876:
1873:
1871:
1868:
1865:
1861:
1858:
1856:
1853:
1851:
1848:
1845:
1841:
1838:
1836:
1833:
1830:
1826:
1823:
1821:
1818:
1816:
1815:Gadir (Cadiz)
1813:
1810:
1806:
1803:
1800:
1796:
1793:
1790:
1786:
1783:
1782:
1780:
1776:
1769:
1765:
1762:
1760:
1757:
1755:
1752:
1749:
1747:
1744:
1743:
1741:
1737:
1731:
1728:
1726:
1723:
1721:
1718:
1716:
1713:
1711:
1708:
1706:
1703:
1701:
1698:
1696:
1693:
1691:
1688:
1685:
1681:
1678:
1675:
1671:
1668:
1666:
1663:
1661:
1658:
1655:
1651:
1648:
1646:
1643:
1641:
1640:Caricus Murus
1638:
1636:
1633:
1631:
1628:
1627:
1625:
1621:
1615:
1612:
1610:
1607:
1605:
1602:
1600:
1597:
1595:
1594:Gaulos (Gozo)
1592:
1589:
1585:
1582:
1579:
1575:
1574:
1572:
1568:
1562:
1559:
1556:
1552:
1549:
1546:
1542:
1539:
1538:
1536:
1532:
1526:
1523:
1521:
1517:
1514:
1512:
1509:
1507:
1504:
1502:
1499:
1497:
1494:
1492:
1489:
1487:
1484:
1481:
1477:
1474:
1472:
1469:
1467:
1464:
1462:
1459:
1457:
1454:
1452:
1449:
1448:
1446:
1442:
1436:
1435:Ṣiṣ (Palermo)
1433:
1431:
1428:
1425:
1421:
1418:
1416:
1413:
1411:
1408:
1406:
1403:
1401:
1398:
1396:
1393:
1391:
1388:
1386:
1383:
1380:
1376:
1373:
1371:
1368:
1366:
1363:
1360:
1356:
1353:
1350:
1346:
1343:
1341:
1338:
1335:
1331:
1328:
1327:
1325:
1321:
1315:
1312:
1309:
1305:
1302:
1300:
1297:
1295:
1292:
1290:
1287:
1285:
1282:
1280:
1277:
1275:
1272:
1271:
1269:
1265:
1259:
1256:
1254:
1251:
1249:
1246:
1244:
1241:
1240:
1238:
1234:
1228:
1225:
1223:
1220:
1217:
1213:
1210:
1208:
1205:
1204:
1202:
1198:
1192:
1189:
1187:
1184:
1182:
1179:
1176:
1172:
1169:
1166:
1162:
1159:
1157:
1154:
1151:
1147:
1144:
1142:
1139:
1137:
1134:
1131:
1127:
1124:
1121:
1117:
1114:
1112:
1109:
1107:
1104:
1102:
1099:
1097:
1094:
1091:
1087:
1084:
1081:
1077:
1074:
1072:
1069:
1066:
1062:
1059:
1056:
1052:
1049:
1047:
1044:
1041:
1037:
1034:
1032:
1029:
1028:
1026:
1022:
1018:
1014:
1006:
1001:
999:
994:
992:
987:
986:
983:
975:
973:9780875869254
969:
965:
964:
958:
952:
948:
943:
942:
937:
932:
927:
926:
921:
916:
909:
905:
901:
895:
891:
884:
879:
878:
874:
865:
862:
856:
853:
850:
849:Tingis romana
845:
842:
838:
833:
831:
827:
823:
821:
815:
813:
809:
806:, p. 67.
805:
800:
797:
793:
789:
784:
781:
776:
774:9781576079195
770:
766:
759:
756:
750:
749:
744:
740:
734:
732:
728:
722:
717:
713:
710:
707:
703:
700:
698:
695:
693:
690:
689:
685:
683:
681:
676:
670:
662:
653:
651:
650:a titular see
647:
643:
639:
631:
629:
627:
623:
619:
615:
611:
607:
602:
600:
597:
592:
586:
578:
574:
570:
566:
561:
554:Later history
553:
551:
549:
541:
536:
534:
530:
526:
522:
518:
514:
513:Roman legions
510:
506:
500:
497:
493:
489:
484:
477:
475:
471:
467:
463:
453:
448:
443:
439:
435:
431:
427:
423:
419:
411:
395:
391:
383:
376:
374:
372:
369:
365:
361:
357:
353:
313:
309:
305:
301:
297:
293:
289:
280:
273:
271:
269:
237:
227:
224:
212:
207:
205:
203:
199:
195:
191:
187:
183:
179:
175:
174:golden apples
171:
167:
163:
159:
155:
152:
149:
145:
141:
138:
134:
130:
123:
119:
115:
108:
106:
104:
100:
96:
92:
88:
84:
80:
76:
72:
68:
64:
51:
47:
43:
34:
30:
26:
18:
2900:
2795:Roman Africa
2595:Leptis Parva
2349:Hippo Regius
1725:Thymiaterium
1599:Għajn Qajjet
1424:Sant'Antioco
1046:Hippo Regius
962:
955:(in Spanish)
950:
939:
924:
920:"Mauretania"
889:
875:Bibliography
864:
855:
844:
819:
804:Ghaki (2015)
799:
783:
764:
758:
746:
712:Roman Empire
697:Sala Colonia
677:
654:
635:
603:
593:
582:
537:
533:Sala Colonia
502:
479:
446:
399:
311:
307:
303:
285:
223:Carthaginian
216:
202:Cape Spartel
166:North Africa
126:
81:port on the
71:Carthaginian
45:
41:
24:
23:
2922: /
2805:Roman Egypt
2550:Bulla Regia
2479:Thubursicum
2304:Castra Nova
1977:Bulla Regia
1525:Umm al-Amad
1410:Pantelleria
1279:Akka (Acre)
1165:Aïn Oulmene
1146:Rusubbicari
1130:Tamentfoust
1090:Constantine
913:(in French)
788:Ruiz (2012)
529:Roman roads
519:and mostly
509:Roman lines
496:Petit Socco
394:Roman roads
97:and, after
2937:Categories
2775:Mauretania
2710:Zama Regia
2680:Thuburnica
2580:Hadrumetum
2545:Althiburos
2389:Mesarfelta
1987:Hadrumetum
1805:Akra Leuka
1684:Casablanca
1516:Sur (Tyre)
820:Cath. Enc.
790:, p.
718:References
573:Belisarius
540:Diocletian
396:in Morocco
347:MBʿL TYNGʾ
335:BʿLT TYNGʾ
300:Mauretania
288:Punic Wars
286:After the
263:𐤕𐤉𐤍𐤂𐤀
178:Hesperides
133:a daughter
99:Diocletian
2815:Zeugitana
2635:Simitthus
2499:Tubusuctu
2489:Tingartia
2464:Thamugadi
2439:Rusucurru
2434:Rusguniae
2404:Parthenia
2374:Lambaesis
2289:Cartennas
2234:Volubilis
2224:Thamusida
2108:Tahpanhes
2103:Gibraltar
2098:Phoenicus
2093:Myriandus
2002:Kerkouane
1879:Almunecar
1690:Volubilis
1561:Tsabratan
1415:Selinunte
1385:Lilybaeum
1152:El Bahri)
1126:Rusguniae
1101:Macomades
1036:Cartennae
908:2283-5636
723:Citations
708:of Tingis
706:Marcellus
661:Marcellus
638:Christian
596:Byzantine
569:Justinian
521:Christian
517:romanized
505:Volubilis
488:Mendoubia
464:'s heads
410:Sertorius
323:BʿLT TTGʾ
226:colonists
186:firmament
2820:Byzacena
2766:Kingdoms
2685:Thysdrus
2660:Thabraca
2650:Taparura
2640:Sufetula
2625:Scillium
2600:Mactaris
2560:Carthago
2529:Zuccabar
2474:Thibilis
2469:Theveste
2459:Thagaste
2379:Madauros
2359:Igilgili
2339:Gemellae
2284:Caesarea
2179:Exilissa
2067:Thysdrus
2011:Monastir
1982:Carthage
1890:Toscanos
1870:Saguntum
1860:Rushadir
1809:Alicante
1739:Portugal
1705:Oualidia
1665:Tamusida
1614:Tas-Silġ
1578:Cospicua
1576:Maleth (
1395:Neapolis
1379:Cagliari
1345:Drepanum
1304:Shikmona
1222:Lapathus
1150:Zemmouri
1120:Azeffoun
1111:Rachgoun
1061:Igilgili
1031:Camarata
686:See also
642:Claudius
632:Religion
628:in 706.
472:'s head
438:Claudius
430:Augustus
420:against
362:'s head
354:or (via
292:Carthage
251:𐤕𐤍𐤂𐤀
168:and the
158:Hercules
91:province
2907:35°47′N
2790:Numidia
2757:Rusadir
2736:Farafra
2670:Thapsus
2645:Tacapae
2590:Kelibia
2575:Gightis
2565:Cillium
2538:Tunisia
2519:Vescera
2514:Uzinaza
2504:Tubunae
2449:Setifis
2429:Rapidum
2409:Pomaria
2394:Milevum
2384:Mascula
2369:Lamasba
2364:Iomnium
2354:Icosium
2344:Gunugus
2264:Albulae
2252:Algeria
2204:Mogador
2162:Morocco
2071:El Djem
2062:Thapsus
2052:Tayinat
2047:Tabarka
2037:Ruspina
1965:Tunisia
1900:Tyreche
1864:Melilla
1825:Iboshim
1730:Rusibis
1700:Rusadir
1695:Mogador
1674:Tangier
1654:Larache
1623:Morocco
1555:Tripoli
1506:Sarepta
1471:Baalbek
1444:Lebanon
1430:Tharros
1349:Trapani
1216:Larnaca
1171:Thagora
1116:Rusazus
1080:Tigzirt
1076:Iomnium
1055:Algiers
1051:Icosium
1024:Algeria
669:Cassian
614:Tangier
599:control
585:Vandals
577:Ravenna
560:Tangier
538:During
483:Moorish
474:reverse
466:obverse
462:Agrippa
457:IVL TIN
450:, the "
418:his war
371:reverse
364:obverse
360:Demeter
254:), and
208:History
182:Antaeus
176:of the
151:legends
135:of the
118:Ptolemy
109:Legends
67:Morocco
63:Tangier
2910:5°49′W
2752:Septem
2700:Uthina
2665:Thanae
2620:Ruspae
2615:Rucuma
2610:Pupput
2570:Dougga
2494:Tipasa
2484:Tiddis
2444:Saldae
2329:Cuicul
2279:Calama
2269:Altava
2229:Tingis
2219:Tamuda
2026:Djerba
2022:Meninx
2007:Lepcis
1991:Sousse
1956:Ugarit
1946:Shuksi
1941:Safita
1936:Paltus
1844:Málaga
1840:Malake
1785:Abdera
1768:Tavira
1650:Likush
1604:Mtarfa
1541:Lepcis
1480:Beirut
1375:Karaly
1299:Reshef
1289:Michal
1274:Achzib
1267:Israel
1253:Rhodes
1236:Greece
1227:Marion
1212:Kition
1200:Cyprus
1191:Timici
1175:Taoura
1106:Malaca
970:
936:Tingis
906:
896:
822:(1913)
771:
673:
667:
659:
626:Septem
589:
544:
527:, two
492:Casbah
452:Julian
436:under
434:colony
414:
408:
402:
240:𐤕𐤍𐤂
219:
194:Syphax
162:labors
148:Berber
129:Greeks
87:colony
77:, and
54:
42:Tíngis
38:Τίγγις
25:Tingis
2745:Spain
2719:Egypt
2695:Utica
2655:Sufes
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