1708:, who produced many of Toscanini's early NBC Symphony recordings, stated that RCA Victor decided to record the orchestra in Carnegie Hall whenever possible, after numerous customer complaints about the flat and dull-sounding early recordings made in Studio 8-H in 1938 and 1939. Nevertheless, some recording sessions continued to be held in Studio 8-H as late as June 1950, probably because of alterations to the studio beginning in 1939, including installation of an acoustical shell in 1941 at the insurance of Leopold Stokowski before he temporarily replaced Toscanini as principal conductor of the NBC Symphony in the fall of 1941. O'Connell and others often complained the Maestro was little interested in the details of recorded sound and, as Harvey Sachs wrote, Toscanini was frequently disappointed that the microphones failed to pick up everything he heard as he led the orchestra. O'Connell even complained of Toscanini's failure to cooperate with him during the sessions. Toscanini himself was often disappointed that the 78-rpm discs failed to fully capture all of the instruments in the orchestra or altered their sound to such an extent they became unrecognizable. Those who attended Toscanini's concerts later said the NBC string section was especially outstanding.
1729:. RCA Victor apparently was now hesitant to promote the orchestra and recordings since it was now under contract to arch-rival Columbia and declared the defective Philadelphia masters unsalvageable. When told that RCA had finally decided to scrap the Philadelphia recordings, Toscanini vehemently exclaimed, "I worked like a dog!". The conductor eventually recorded all of the same music with the NBC Symphony. The best sounding of the Philadelphia recordings is the Schubert C-Major Symphony (The "Great"), which had been successfully restored and issued by RCA Victor in 1963. In 1968, the Philadelphia Orchestra returned to RCA and the company was now more favorable toward issuing all of the discs. RCA finally released a complete edition of the Toscanini/Philadelphia recordings in 1977, and it was suggested by Sachs and others at that date some of the masters may have deteriorated further. As for the historic nature of the recordings, even on the first RCA Victor compact disc issue, released in 1991, some of the sides have considerable
2325:(1998, 15 22–8). Frank and Dyment also discuss Maestro Toscanini's performance history in the 50th anniversary issue of Classic Record Collector (2006, 47) Frank with 'Toscanini – Myth and Reality' (10–14) and Dyment 'A Whirlwind in London' (15–21) This issue also contains interviews with people who performed with Toscanini – Jon Tolansky 'Licia Albanese – Maestro and Me' (22–6) and 'A Mesmerising Beat: John Tolansky talks to some of those who worked with Arturo Toscanini, to discover some of the secrets of his hold over singers, orchestras and audiences.' (34–7). There is also a feature article on Toscanini's interpretation of Brahms's First Symphony – Norman C. Nelson, 'First Among Equals ... Toscanini's interpretation of Brahms's First Symphony in the context of others' (28–33)
1772: rpm transcription discs from the start of the Maestro's broadcasts in December 1937, but the infrequent use of higher-fidelity sound film for recording sessions began as early as 1933 with the Philharmonic, and by December 1948, improved high fidelity made its appearance when RCA began using magnetic tape on a regular basis. High fidelity quickly became the norm for the company and the industry. NBC Radio followed, adopting the new technology in the fall of 1949 for its NBC Symphony broadcasts, among others. The first Toscanini recording sessions in Carnegie Hall followed immediately thereafter, although individual takes continued as with 78s, each running only about
2417:, released on an LP by the Society. (A kinescope of the same performance, from the television simulcast, has been released on VHS and laser disc by RCA/BMG and on DVD by Testament.) There was speculation that the Toscanini family itself, prodded by his daughter Wanda, had sought to defend the Maestro's original decisions (made mostly during his last years) on what should be released. Walter Toscanini later admitted that his father likely rejected performances that were satisfactory. Whatever the real reasons, the Arturo Toscanini Society was forced to disband and cease releasing any further recordings.
906:. Because of World War II, the score was microfilmed in the Soviet Union and brought by courier to the United States. Stokowski had previously given the US premieres of Shostakovich's First, Third and Sixth Symphonies in Philadelphia, and in December 1941, urged NBC to obtain the score of the Seventh Symphony as he desired to conduct its premiere as well. Toscanini coveted this for himself resulting in a dispute between both conductors which he ultimately won. A major thunderstorm virtually obliterated the NBC radio signals in New York City, but the performance was heard elsewhere and preserved on
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for thirty-four years when he made his first records in 1920, and did not begin recording on a regular basis until 1938, after he became conductor of the NBC Symphony
Orchestra at the age of seventy. Over the years as the recording process improved, so did Toscanini's attitude towards making records and eventually he became more interested in preserving his performances for posterity. The majority of Toscanini's recordings were made with the NBC Symphony and cover the bulk of his repertoire. These recordings document the final phase of his 68-year conducting career.
2877:) as perhaps the most extreme of these critics. Frank writes that this revisionism has unfairly influenced younger listeners and critics, who may have not heard as many of Toscanini's performances as older listeners, and as a result, Toscanini's reputation, extraordinarily high in the years that he was active, has suffered a decline. Conversely, Joseph Horowitz contends that those who keep the Toscanini legend alive are members of a "Toscanini cult", an idea not altogether refuted by Frank, but not embraced by him, either.
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2884:, also took Toscanini to task for not paying enough attention to the "modern repertoire" (i.e., 20th-century composers, of which Thomson was one). It may be speculated, knowing Toscanini's antipathy toward much 20th-century music, that perhaps Thomson had a feeling that the conductor would never have played any of his (Thomson's) music, and that perhaps because of this, Thomson bore a resentment against him. During Toscanini's middle years, however, such now widely accepted composers as
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in 1977). Harvey Sachs also recounts that the wax masters were damaged during processing, possibly because of the use of somewhat-inferior materials imposed by wartime restrictions. Toscanini had listened to several of the test pressings and had given his approval to some of the recordings, rejected others and was prepared to re-record the unsatisfactory sides. Unfortunately, the 1942-44
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the
Society appeared to offer little real competition to RCA. But classical-LP profits were low enough even in 1970, and piracy by fly-by-night firms so prevalent within the industry at that time (an estimated $ 100 million in tape sales for 1969 alone), that even a benevolent buccaneer outfit like the Arturo Toscanini Society had to be looked at twice before it could be tolerated.
501:). He exhibited a considerable capacity for hard work, conducting 43 concerts in Turin in 1898. By 1898, Toscanini was Principal Conductor at La Scala, where he remained until 1908, returning as Music Director, from 1921 to 1929. In December 1920, he brought the La Scala Orchestra to the United States on a concert tour during which time he made his first recordings for the
3002:, commemorating Toscanini's years with the NBC Symphony Orchestra. The show, hosted by NBC announcer Ben Grauer, who had also hosted many of the original Toscanini broadcasts, featured interviews with members of the conductor's family, as well as musicians of the NBC Symphony, David Sarnoff, and noted classical musicians who had worked with the conductor, such as
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1790:. With RCA's experiments in stereo beginning in early 1953 when two-track decks were first delivered by the engineers to the record producers (per Jack Pfeiffer, 11/77 interview, NYC, by CWR), stereo tapes were eventually made of Toscanini's final two broadcast concerts, plus the dress rehearsal for the final broadcast, as documented by Samuel Antek in
2803:. It received scathing reviews and was never officially released in the United States. The film is a fictional recounting of the events that led up to Toscanini making his conducting debut in Rio de Janeiro in 1886. Although nearly all of the plot is embellished, the events surrounding the sudden and unexpected conducting debut are based on fact.
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680:, and confiscated his passport. His passport was returned only after a world outcry over Toscanini's treatment. Upon the outbreak of World War II, Toscanini left Italy. He returned in 1946 to conduct a concert for the opening of the restored La Scala Opera House, which was heavily damaged by bombing during the war.
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criticism has been directed at
Toscanini. These critics contend that Toscanini was ultimately a detriment to American music rather than an asset because of the tremendous marketing of him by RCA as the greatest conductor of all time and his preference to perform mostly older European music. According
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Because the Arturo
Toscanini Society was nonprofit, Key said he believed he had successfully bypassed both copyright restrictions and the maze of contractual ties between RCA and the Maestro's family. RCA's attorneys were soon looking into the matter to see if they agreed. As long as it stayed small,
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with the
Philharmonic and LPs of the 1948 televised concert of the ninth symphony taken from an FM radio transcription, complete with Ben Grauer's comments. (In the early 1990s, the kinescopes of these and the other televised concerts were released by RCA with soundtracks dubbed in from the NBC radio
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and some distortion, especially during the louder passages. Nevertheless, despite the occasional problems, the sound has been markedly improved on CD, and the entire set is an impressive document of
Toscanini's collaboration with the Philadelphia musicians. A second RCA CD reissue of the Philadelphia
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The NBC broadcasts were initially preserved on large 16-inch transcription discs recorded at 33-1/3 rpm, until NBC began using magnetic tape in 1949. NBC employed special RCA high fidelity microphones for the broadcasts, and they can be seen in some photographs of
Toscanini and the orchestra. Some of
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who left La Scala to assume the post as the Met's general manager. During
Toscanini's seven seasons at the Met (1908–1915), he made several reforms and set many standards in opera production and performance which are still in practice today. At the end of his final season with the Metropolitan Opera
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on June 25, telling the newspapers that his decision had been caused by the behavior of the orchestra. His substitute, Carlo
Superti, was heavily contested by the public, failing even to give the attack to the orchestra. In desperation, the singers suggested the name of their assistant chorusmaster,
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Magazine and newspaper reports subsequently detailed legal action taken against Key and the
Society, presumably after some of the LPs began to appear in retail stores. Toscanini fans and record collectors were dismayed because, although Toscanini had not approved the release of these performances in
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symphony. For Toscanini, later in March and in early April, the microphones were placed relatively close to the orchestra with limited separation, so the stereo effects were not as dramatic as the commercial "Living Stereo" recordings RCA Victor began to make in March with the Chicago Symphony, just
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O'Connell also extensively documented RCA's technical problems with the series of recordings by Toscanini and the Philadelphia Orchestra, made in 1941–42, which required extensive electronic editing before they could be issued (well after Toscanini's death, beginning in 1963, with the rest following
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on May 14. Later that year, Toscanini had a disagreement with NBC management over their use of his musicians in other NBC broadcasts. This, among other reasons, resulted in a letter of resignation which Toscanini wrote on March 10, 1941, to RCA's president David Sarnoff. He stated that he now wished
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purchased the bulk of Toscanini's papers, scores and sound recordings from his heirs. Named The Toscanini Legacy, this vast collection contains thousands of letters, programs and various documents, over 1,800 scores and more than 400 hours of sound recordings. A finding aid for the scores and sound
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replaced direct wax disc recording and high fidelity long-playing records were both introduced in the late 1940s, Toscanini said he was much happier making recordings. Sachs wrote that an Italian journalist, Raffaele Calzini, said Toscanini told him, "My son Walter sent me the test pressing of the
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issued a 6-CD set containing Toscanini's complete HMV recordings with the BBC Symphony. Toscanini's dislike of recording was well-known; he especially despised the acoustic method, and for several years he recorded only sporadically as a result. He was fifty-three years old and had been conducting
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were also broadcast on television). All of these performances were eventually released on records and CD by RCA Victor, thus enabling modern listeners an opportunity to hear what an opera conducted by Toscanini sounded like. He also conducted, broadcast and recorded entire acts and various excerpts
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was engaged on a three-year contract to conduct the orchestra and served as the NBC Symphony's music director from 1941 until 1944. Toscanini's state of mind soon underwent a change and he returned as Stokowski's co-conductor for the latter's second and third seasons, resuming full control in 1944.
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The NBC cameras were often left on Toscanini for extended periods, documenting not only his baton techniques but his deep involvement in the music. At the end of a piece, Toscanini generally nodded rather than bowed and exited the stage quickly. Although NBC continued to broadcast the orchestra on
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from studio 8H. Acts I and II were telecast on March 26 and III and IV on April 2. Portions of the audio were rerecorded in June 1954 for the commercial release on LP records. As the video shows, the soloists were placed close to Toscanini, in front of the orchestra, while the robed members of the
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reported, Key scoured the U.S. and Europe for off-the-air transcriptions of Toscanini broadcasts, acquiring almost 5,000 transcriptions (all transferred to tape) of previously unreleased material—a complete catalogue of broadcasts by the Maestro between 1933 and 1954. It included about 50 concerts
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lacking in much reverberation, while ideal for broadcasting, were unsuited for symphonic concerts and opera. It is widely held that Toscanini favored it because its close miking enabled listeners to hear every instrumental strand in the orchestra clearly, something in which the conductor strongly
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The public was taken by surprise, at first by the youth, charisma and sheer intensity of this unknown conductor, then by his solid musicianship. The result was astounding acclaim. For the rest of that season, Toscanini conducted 18 operas, each one an absolute success. Thus began his career as a
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The NBC Symphony concerts continued in Studio 8-H until 1950. That summer, 8-H was remodeled for television broadcasting, and the concerts were moved briefly to Manhattan Center, then soon thereafter moved again to Carnegie Hall at Toscanini's insistence, where many of the orchestra's recording
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Many hundreds of hours of Toscanini's rehearsals were recorded. Some of these have circulated in limited edition recordings. Many broadcast recordings with orchestras other than the NBC have also survived, including: The New York Philharmonic from 1933 to 1936, 1942, and 1945; The BBC Symphony
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with the NBC Symphony for RCA Victor. Horowitz also became close to Toscanini and his family. In 1933, Wanda Toscanini married Horowitz, with the conductor's blessings and warnings; they remained married until Vladimir Horowitz' death in 1989. Wanda's daughter Sonia was photographed by
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sessions had been held due to the acrid acoustics of Studio 8-H. On April 4, 1954, Toscanini conducted his final broadcast performance, an all-Wagner program, in Carnegie Hall. During this final concert, the aging Toscanini suffered a minor lapse of concentration which became a
336:; March 25, 1867 – January 16, 1957) was an Italian conductor. He was one of the most acclaimed and influential musicians of the late 19th and early 20th century, renowned for his intensity, his perfectionism, his ear for orchestral detail and sonority, and his
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Throughout his career, Toscanini was virtually idolized by the critics, as well as by most fellow musicians and the public alike. He enjoyed the kind of consistent critical acclaim during his life that few other musicians have had. He was featured three times on the cover of
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At La Scala, which had what was then the most modern stage lighting system installed in 1901 and an orchestral pit installed in 1907, Toscanini pushed through reforms in the performance of opera. He insisted on dimming the house-lights during performances. As his biographer
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With the help of his son Walter, Toscanini spent his remaining years evaluating and editing tapes and transcriptions of his broadcast performances with the NBC Symphony for possible future release on records. Many of these recordings were eventually issued by RCA Victor.
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Toscanini has also been noted for his temper in rehearsals. Apparently less controlled later in life, he was known to vent his anger in front of the orchestra when he thought they were not playing well. One well-known example comes from a recording of a rehearsal for
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2373:'s "Scottish" Symphony, dating from the same NBC period; and a Rossini-Verdi-Puccini LP emanating from the post-War reopening of La Scala on May 11, 1946, with the Maestro conducting. That same year it released a Beethoven bicentennial set that included the 1935
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took the podium in a hastily organized session to record the Franck Symphony in D minor, for RCA Victor using the same microphone and equipment set-up put in place for the Maestro. The stereo version of the recording was finally released on LP by RCA in 1978
373:, where he studied the cello. Living conditions at the conservatory were harsh and strict. For example, the menu at the conservatory consisted almost entirely of fish; in his later years, Toscanini steadfastly refused to eat anything that came from the sea.
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who knew the whole opera from memory. Although he had no conducting experience, Toscanini was eventually persuaded by the musicians to take up the baton at 9:15 pm, and led a performance of the two-and-a-half hour opera, completely from memory.
3006:. It spotlighted partial or complete rebroadcasts of many of Toscanini's recordings. The program ran for at least three years, and did not feature any of the revisionist commentary about the conductor one finds so often today in magazines such as
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label (issued in the US by RCA Victor, HMV/EMI's American affiliate). Toscanini also conducted the New York Philharmonic in Carnegie Hall for RCA Victor in several recordings in 1929 and 1936. He made a series of long-unissued recordings with the
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Sachs and other biographers have documented the numerous conductors, singers, and musicians who visited Toscanini during his retirement. He reportedly enjoyed watching boxing and wrestling matches, as well as comedy programs on television.
910:. RCA Victor first issued the recording on LP in 1967, and on compact disc in 1991. In Toscanini's later years, the conductor expressed disdain for the work and amazement that he had actually bothered to memorize the music and conduct it.
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is a 1985 documentary made for cable television. The film features archival footage of the conductor and interviews with musicians who worked with him. This film was released on VHS and in 2004 on the same DVD which included the film,
1697:. He made many recordings, especially towards the end of his career, most of which are still in print. In addition, there are many recordings available of his broadcast performances, as well as his rehearsals with the NBC Symphony.
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audio tape recordings made simultaneously by RCA technicians during the televised concerts. The hi-fi audio was synchronized with the kinescope video for the home video release. Original introductions by NBC's longtime announcer
886:"to withdraw from the militant scene of Art" and thus declined to sign a new contract for the up-coming winter season, but left the door open for an eventual return "if my state of mind, health and rest will be improved enough".
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Four lists compiled by Harvey Sachs as addenda to his new biography: chronological list of all performances, alphabetical list by composer of all works in repertoire, select bibliography, and reference notes for the biography
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every case, many of them were found to be further proof of the greatness of the Maestro's musical talents. One outstanding example of a remarkable performance not approved by the Maestro was his December 1948 NBC broadcast of
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films of the live broadcasts. These films, issued by RCA on VHS tape and laser disc and on DVD by Testament, provide unique video documentation of the passionate yet restrained podium technique for which he was well known.
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in 1951 (at page 289) quotes him (without citation) as saying "I asked myself, did I conduct that? Did I work two weeks memorizing that symphony? Impossible! I was stupid!" The violist William Carboni, when interviewed by
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Others attacked the conductor on the ground that he was a slave to the metronome. They said that his beat was inexorable, that his rhythms were rigid, that he was an enemy of Italian song and a wrecker of the art of bel
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Gradually, Toscanini's reputation as an operatic conductor of unusual authority and skill supplanted his cello career. In the following decade, he consolidated his career in Italy, entrusted with the world premieres of
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from 1926 until 1936; he toured Europe with the Philharmonic in 1930. At each performance, he and the orchestra were acclaimed by both critics and audiences. Toscanini was the first non-German conductor to appear at
1835:. Using modern digital technology the company constructed a stereophonic version of the performance from the two recordings which it made available in 2009. The company calls this an example of "accidental stereo".
442:(La Scala, Milan, 1887) under the composer's supervision. Verdi, who habitually complained that conductors never seemed interested in directing his scores the way he had written them, was impressed by reports from
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1831:, previously recorded and released in high-fidelity monophonic sound by RCA Victor. Recently a separate NBC tape of the same performance, using a different microphone in a different location, was acquired by
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wrote: "He believed that a performance could not be artistically successful unless unity of intention was first established among all the components: singers, orchestra, chorus, staging, sets, and costumes."
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and making the lapse appear to be much worse than it actually was; many people still believe the orchestra stopped playing, but it did not; Toscanini quickly regained his composure and the concert continued.
2508:'s Symphony no. 1, which had been recently rediscovered. The Ormandy concert was telecast by rival network CBS, but the schedules were arranged so that the two programs would not interfere with one another.
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In the spring of 1950, Toscanini led the NBC Symphony on the orchestra's only extensive tour of the United States. It was during this tour that the well-known photograph of Toscanini riding the ski lift at
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have dismissed much of what was written about Toscanini during his lifetime and for about ten years afterwards as "adoring puffery". Nevertheless, composers and others who worked with Toscanini, including
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A premiere of Wagenaar's Symphony No. 2, November 10, 1932; a Chasins premiere April 8, 1931; and the first performance of Hanson's Symphony No. 2 (the "Romantic") on March 1, 1933 (programs at
2142:, with the combined forces of the New York Philharmonic and the NBC Symphony; the entire concert, complete with an auctioning of one of Toscanini's batons, was released on an unofficial recording in 1995)
426:, Milan, on February 27, of that year). This was the beginning of Toscanini's lifelong friendship and championing of Catalani; he even named his first daughter Wally after the heroine of Catalani's opera
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Less than a month after the first Toscanini televised concert, a complete performance by the conductor of Beethoven's Ninth Symphony was telecast on April 3, 1948. On November 13, 1948, there was an all-
352:(1937–1954), and this led to his becoming a household name, especially in the United States, through his radio and television broadcasts and many recordings of the operatic and symphonic repertoire.
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958:, for release on records. Toscanini was 87 years old when he finally stepped down. After his retirement, NBC disbanded the Symphony in 1954. Most of the orchestra's membership reorganized as the
704:(RCA), proposed creating a symphony orchestra for radio concerts and engaging Toscanini to conduct it. Toscanini was initially uninterested in the proposal, but Sarnoff sent Toscanini's friend
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In 1969, Clyde J. Key acted on a dream he had of meeting Toscanini by starting the Arturo Toscanini Society to release a number of "unapproved" live performances by Toscanini. As the magazine
3077:(who had played viola in the NBC Symphony Orchestra). The program also featured clips from two of Toscanini's television concerts, in the days before they were remastered for video and DVD.
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When he was young as a conductor, it was complained of Toscanini that he held the tempo and rhythm of the music firmly to its course and that it had the mechanical exactitude of a metronome.
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had begun and prevented immediate retakes; by the end of the ban over two years later, the Philadelphia Orchestra's contract with RCA Victor had expired and the orchestra had signed with
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for RCA Victor in Philadelphia's Academy of Music in 1941 and 1942. All of Toscanini's commercially issued RCA Victor and HMV recordings have been digitally remastered and released on
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724:. The infamous dry acoustics of the specially built radio studio gave the orchestra, as heard on early broadcasts and recordings, a harsh, flat quality; some remodeling in 1942, at
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One more example of Toscanini and the NBC Symphony in stereo now also exists in a commercially available edition. This one is of the January 27, 1951, concert devoted to the Verdi
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now holds the rights and has issued several CD versions). Toscanini's June sessions were recorded monophonically to correct unsatisfactory portions of the broadcast recordings of
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4635:, New York: Vanguard Press, 1963 (Essays by an NBC Symphony musician who played under Toscanini; also includes rehearsal photographs from the latter part of Toscanini's career.)
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Toscanini favored the traditional orchestral seating plan with the first violins and cellos on the left, the violas on the near right, and the second violins on the far right.
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In June 1954, Toscanini participated in his final RCA Victor sessions, recording re-takes of isolated unsatisfactory passages from his NBC radio broadcasts of the Verdi operas
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In 1919, Toscanini unsuccessfully ran on the Socialist ticket for a minor municipal office in Milan. He had been called "the greatest conductor in the world" by Fascist leader
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Orchestra from 1935 to 1939; The Lucerne Festival Orchestra; and broadcasts from the Salzburg Festival in the late 1930s. Documents of Toscanini's guest appearances with the
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He joined the orchestra of an opera company organized by Claudio Rossi, with which he toured Brazil in 1886. After performing in Sao Paulo, the locally hired conductor,
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The film was commercially released by RCA/BMG on DVD in 2004. The "Internationale" was cut from the 1943 film after its original release, but the complete recording of
712:; Chotzinoff was able to persuade the wary Toscanini to accept Sarnoff's offer. Toscanini returned to the United States to conduct his first broadcast concert with the
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2896:, and in 1930 Toscanini requested him to compose a symphony which would be premiered in 1961 and dedicated to the memory of Toscanini. He also performed excerpts from
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released a new 84 CD boxed set reissue of Toscanini's complete RCA Victor recordings and commercially issued HMV recordings with the BBC Symphony Orchestra. In 2013,
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A private, nonprofit club based in Dumas, Texas, it offered members five or six LPs annually for a $ 25-a-year membership fee. Key's first package offering included
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962:, The ensemble appeared in concert and made recordings until its disbandment in 1963. NBC used the "NBC Symphony Orchestra" name once more for its 1963 telecast of
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minutes. RCA continued in this vein with 7-inch tape reels until 1953, when long takes on 10-inch reels were finally implemented for the recording of Beethoven's
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in December of Delibes with members of the Boston Symphony under Pierre Monteux, in February 1954 with the full Boston Symphony under Charles Munch in Berlioz'
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recordings from 2006 makes even more effective use of digital editing and processing in an attempt to produce improved sound. Longtime Philadelphia conductor
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2730:(Hymn of the Nations), which contains national anthems of England, France, and Italy (the World War I allied nations), to which Toscanini added the Soviet "
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A few of the hundreds of hours of rehearsal tapes featuring Toscanini, residing in the Rodgers and Hammerstein Archive of Recorded Sound, a division of the
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758:. In addition, hundreds of hours of Toscanini's rehearsals with the NBC Symphony were preserved and are now housed in the Toscanini Legacy archive at the
728:'s insistence, added a bit more reverberation. In 1950, 8-H was converted into a television studio, and the NBC Symphony broadcast concerts were moved to
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3090:, whose political stance during World War II was controversial: "To Strauss the composer I take off my hat; to Strauss the man I put it back on again."
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Toscanini was sometimes criticized for neglecting American music, but on November 5, 1938, he conducted the world premieres of two orchestral works by
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As part of a restoration project initiated by the Toscanini family in the late 1980s, the kinescopes were fully restored and issued by RCA on VHS and
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when broadcast technicians overreacted with panic and took the music off the air for about a minute, substituting Toscanini's recording of the Brahms
1136:, was born on March 19, 1898. A daughter, Wally, was born on January 16, 1900. Carla gave birth to a boy, Giorgio, in September 1901, but he died of
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Another criticism leveled at Toscanini stems from the constricted sound quality that comes from many of his recordings, notably those made in NBC's
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where it was not set out in the score. Verdi said that he had left it out for fear that "certain interpreters would have exaggerated the marking".
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magazine, in 1926, 1934, and again in 1948. In the magazine's history, he is the only conductor to have been so honored. On March 25, 1989, the
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beginning in 1989. The audio portion of the sound was taken, not from the noisy kinescopes, but from 33-1/3 rpm 16-inch transcription disc and
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Among his most critically acclaimed recordings, many of which were not officially released during his lifetime, are the following (with the
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Additional releases included a number of Beethoven symphonies recorded with the New York Philharmonic during the 1930s, a performance of
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about Toscanini's ability to interpret his scores. The composer was also impressed when Toscanini consulted him personally about Verdi's
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799:, with Grofé in attendance. Both works had previously been performed on broadcast concerts. He also conducted broadcast performances of
3839:, April 2002. Retrieved February 26, 2008. "That archive was housed at Wave Hill, Toscanini's Riverdale residence during World War II."
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from America; I want to hear and check how it came out, and possibly to correct it. These long-playing records often make me happy."
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were mastered on sound film in a process developed around 1930, as detailed by RCA Victor producer Charles O'Connell in his memoirs,
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3973:, November 6, 1938; first performance of Barber's setting for string orchestra; originally a movement of his Op. 11 string quartet.
2167:; original Selenophone sound-on-film recording restored on Treasury of Immortal Performances label (Andante version out of print).)
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2317:
A guide to Toscanini's recording career can be found in Mortimer H. Frank's "From the Pit to the Podium: Toscanini in America" in
1722:
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5474:
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2865:, this criticism can be traced to the lack of focus on Toscanini as a conductor rather than his legacy. Frank, in his 2002 book
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by Puccini – Milan, April 25, 1926 (Note: Toscanini informed the audience that the opera was incomplete due to Puccini's death.)
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Upon returning to Italy, Toscanini set out on a dual path. He continued to conduct, his first appearance in Italy being at the
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2691:. The entire group of Toscanini videos has since been reissued by Testament on DVD, with further improvements to the sound.
2016:, (1954, exists in two versions: one as approved by Toscanini with excerpts from the rehearsals, and the unedited broadcast)
1932:
1209:
Toscanini conducted the world premieres of many operas, four of which have become part of the standard operatic repertoire:
3127:: "Here Death triumphed over art" (Toscanini then left the opera pit, the lights went up and the audience left in silence).
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3273:
where he was unhappy with the playing of the solo for four muted cellos that ushers in the final duet of the first act of
1996:
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Despite the reported infidelities revealed in Toscanini's letters documented by Harvey Sachs (most famously, with soprano
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recordings is available on the library's website. In-house finding aids are available for other parts of the collection.
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The library also has many other collections that have Toscanini materials in them, such as the Bruno Walter papers, the
2829:
2020:
2013:
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1047:
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781:. The performance received significant critical acclaim. In 1945, Toscanini led the orchestra in recording sessions for
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in the audience. Afterwards, he was, in his own words, "attacked, injured and repeatedly hit in the face" by a group of
88:
4492:
Tick, Judith; Becoming Ella Fitzgerald: The Jazz Singer Who Transformed American Song; 2023; W. W. Norton & Company
4360:
1151:
Toscanini worked with many great singers and musicians throughout his career, but few impressed him as much as pianist
639:
and repeatedly defied the Italian dictator. He refused to display Mussolini's photograph or conduct the Fascist anthem
6826:
5638:
5307:
5145:
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4857:
4642:, New York: Amadeus Press, 2002. (Complete list and analysis of Toscanini's NBC Symphony performances and recordings.)
2892:, whose music the conductor held in very high regard, were considered to be radical and modern. He performed works by
2224:
2125:
with restored sound on the Treasury of Immortal Performances label (Andante version out of print); 1950 NBC broadcast)
1595:
Toscanini made his first recordings in December 1920 with the La Scala Orchestra in the Trinity Church studio of the
3622:
2340:
that were never broadcast, but which were recorded surreptitiously by engineers supposedly testing their equipment.
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in Milan. His epitaph is taken from one account of his remarks concluding the 1926 premiere of Puccini's unfinished
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in New York City. It was his daughter Wally's 57th birthday. His body was returned to Italy and was entombed in the
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Toscanini suffered a stroke on New Year's Day 1957, and he died on January 16, at the age of 89 at his home in the
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4270:"TIME Magazine Cover: Arturo Toscanini - Jan. 25, 1926 - Arturo Toscanini - Conductors - Classical Music - Music"
4218:"TIME Magazine Cover: Arturo Toscanini - Apr. 26, 1948 - Arturo Toscanini - Conductors - Classical Music - Music"
2700:
2074:
2059:
4244:"TIME Magazine Cover: Arturo Toscanini - Apr. 2, 1934 - Arturo Toscanini - Conductors - Classical Music - Music"
2365:, all NBC Symphony broadcasts dating from the late 1930s or early 1940s. In 1970, the Society releases included
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In 1936, Toscanini resigned from the New York Philharmonic, returned to Italy and was considering retirement;
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Toscanini married Carla De Martini on June 21, 1897, when she was not yet 20 years old. Their first child,
1124:
432:. He also returned to his chair in the cello section, and participated as cellist in the world premiere of
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studios. There he said with tears in his eyes, "I will remember three things in my life: the sunset, the
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on radio. These concerts were all shown only once during that four-year span, but they were preserved on
1802:, and in early March with the NBC Symphony in Manhattan Center again under Stokowski doing the Beethoven
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4761:, New York: Prima Publishing, 1993. (Series of essays on various aspects of Toscanini's life and impact)
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in 1975 (at p. 234) quotes him (without citation) as saying "Did I really learn and conduct such junk?"
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4754:, New York: Prima Publishing, 1995. (Reprint of standard and best biography originally published 1978)
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2936:, though his performances of these last three works have been criticized as not being "jazzy" enough.
2717:, consists of Toscanini conducting the NBC Symphony Orchestra in a performance of Verdi's overture to
2006:, (NBC 1947, studio and broadcast versions; Philadelphia 1941); Scherzo, New York Philharmonic, (1929)
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782:
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4333:
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746:, the first one being a tribute to Toscanini, punctuated by clips from his NBC television concerts.
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on the selection of the 1938 radio broadcast of Toscanini conducting the NBC Orchestra to the 2005
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3093:"The conduct of my life has been, is, and will always be the echo and reflection of my conscience."
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2943:. Studio 8-H was foremost a radio and later a television studio, not a true concert hall. Its dry
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2063:(1938, 1948 and 1953 broadcast, studio recording 1953, all of them in the version orchestrated by
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2582:. On December 29, 1951, there was another all-Wagner program that included the two excerpts from
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1184:), he remained married to Carla until she died on June 23, 1951, and Toscanini remained widowed.
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at La Scala. He raged to a friend, "If I were capable of killing a man, I would kill Mussolini."
556:(1934–1937), as well as the 1936 inaugural concert of the Palestine Orchestra (later renamed the
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There were two Toscanini telecasts in 1949, both devoted to the concert performance of Verdi's
1956:
Brahms, Symphony No. 3 (February 1948 broadcast) (October 1952 concert, Philharmonia Orchestra)
1611:, save for two recordings for Brunswick in 1926 (his first by the electrical process) with the
1076:" ("Here the opera ends, because at this point the maestro died"). During his funeral service,
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549:(1930–1931), and the New York Philharmonic was the first non-German orchestra to play there.
536:, but instead cut his concert schedule short and left a week early, aboard the Italian liner
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Over the past thirty years or so, as a new generation has appeared, an increasing amount of
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also made his live television concert debut with the Philadelphia Orchestra. They performed
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2067:. The studio recording from January 1953 is the only one to have been officially released.)
2023:, (1942 broadcast, 1953 studio recording. The 1953 version is the one officially released.)
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including the "Internationale" can be heard on all RCA LP and CD releases of the cantata.
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Verdi, however, was quick to criticise Toscanini when appropriate, as in a rehearsal of
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918:, was taken. Toscanini and the musicians traveled on a special train chartered by NBC.
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and the New York Philharmonic began a series of special televised NBC concerts called
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He refused to conduct the section that Alfano composed at the opera's world premiere.
3659:) quotes him (without citation) as saying "Did I play this? I must have been crazy."
3546:
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2838:
2758:
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There are many pieces which Toscanini never recorded in the studio; among these are:
2064:
1747:
1730:
1636:. There are also recorded concerts with various European orchestras, especially with
1604:
1547:
1298:
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857:
856:. (Earlier, while music director of the New York Philharmonic, he conducted music by
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During his career as an opera conductor, Toscanini collaborated with such artists as
530:
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485:. In 1896, Toscanini conducted his first symphonic concert (in Turin, with works by
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1974:
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In 1940, Toscanini took the NBC Symphony on a tour of South America, sailing from
635:. Toscanini had already become disillusioned with fascism before the October 1922
471:
4868:
4775:, New York/London: Liveright, 2017. (Completely new and more detailed biography.)
3520:
3445:
2425:
Arturo Toscanini was one of the first conductors to make extended appearances on
979:
Toscanini prepared and conducted seven complete operas for NBC radio broadcasts:
664:, but he flatly refused, despite the presence of fascist communications minister
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At the point where Puccini left off writing the finale of his unfinished opera,
2434:
2304:. Toscanini's ten NBC Symphony telecasts from 1948 until 1952 were preserved in
2241:
2080:
1924:, (1953 and 1940 NBC broadcast) (Only the 1953 version was released officially.)
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993:
876:
739:
669:
44:
3130:
While in California in 1940, Toscanini was invited to visit a movie set at the
2983:
in which he yells in frustration when the double basses aren't quite together.
2699:
In December 1943, Toscanini appeared in a 31-minute film for the United States
2321:(1998, 15 8–21) and Christopher Dyment's "Toscanini's European Inheritance" in
580:. During his engagement with the New York Philharmonic, his concert master was
512:
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2841:
in an audio interview, readily acknowledged what they felt was his greatness.
2739:
2684:
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641:
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2653:. The final live Toscanini telecast, on March 22, 1952, included Beethoven's
6253:
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4862:
4357:
2998:
Beginning in 1963, NBC Radio broadcast a weekly series of programs entitled
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414:, on November 4, 1886, in the world premiere of the revised version of
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benefit concert at Carnegie Hall, first issued in 1959 on LP by RCA Victor)
833:; and music by several other American composers, including some marches of
5466:
4667:, New York: Knopf, 1987 (contains many inaccuracies corrected by Sachs in
1144:. Then, that same year (1906), Carla gave birth to their second daughter,
6434:
5045:
4910:
4830:
3797:
3711:"Symphony of the Air: Former NBC Symphony Players Still Great Ensemble."
3619:
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2832:
issued a 25 cent postage stamp in his honor. Some online critics such as
2366:
2293:
2252:
1936:(1947 NBC broadcast) (only excerpts released during Toscanini's lifetime)
1738:
expressed his admiration for what Toscanini achieved with the orchestra.
1637:
1509:
1229:
1068:
843:, which was incorporated into the NBC Symphony's performances of Verdi's
561:
428:
423:
341:
17:
4170:
2087:, Vladimir Horowitz and NBC Symphony, (live recording of April 25, 1943
1989:(1950 and 1940 broadcast; only the 1950 version was released officially)
688:
348:. Later in his career, he was appointed the first music director of the
4149:
4028:
2722:
2629:
981:
657:
369:, Emilia-Romagna, His father was a tailor. He won a scholarship to the
6713:
4849:
Toscanini and the History of the NBC Symphony plus Live WWII broadcast
3947:
3915:
3491:
2490:. On the very same day that this concert was telecast live, conductor
5002:
3269:
2382:
2378:
transcriptions; in 2006, they were re-released by Testament on DVD.)
2344:
2147:
999:
529:
in May 1915, Toscanini was set to return to Europe aboard the doomed
438:
2615:
On March 15, 1952, Toscanini conducted the Symphonic Interlude from
4951:
4418:
3931:
2671:
radio until April 1954, telecasts were abandoned after March 1952.
2594:
featured on the March 1948 telecast, plus the Prelude to Act II of
2296:
Orchestra from 1946 until 1952 include a live recording of Verdi's
3118:
2843:
2352:
2279:
1758:
NBC recorded all of Toscanini's broadcast performances on 16-inch
1523:
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182:
3606:"Stokowski out of NBC Symphony; Toscanini Bans Dual Leadership."
2564:
There were no Toscanini telecasts in 1950, but they resumed from
1917:(1952 and 1938) (only the 1952 recording was released officially)
2869:, rejects this revisionism quite strongly, and cites the author
2552:
1973:, London (his only appearances with that orchestra, produced by
1558:
1005:
382:
5470:
5244:
4955:
1969:, Four Symphonies, Tragic Overture and Haydn Variations, 1952,
1603:, and his last with the NBC Symphony Orchestra in June 1954 in
3732:. Vol. XXX, no. 104. IP. January 16, 1957. p. 1
3519:
Association for the Advancement of Instrumental Music (1993).
3011:
1620:
1155:. They worked together a number of times and recorded Brahms'
313:
281:
38:
4005:
Eyewitness accounts by William Knorp, B.H. Haggin and others.
3471:
Live from Studio 8H: A Tribute to Toscanini (TV Special 1980)
2988:(If You Can't Sing It) You'll Have to Swing It (Mr. Paganini)
2781:
Toscanini is the subject of the 1988 fictionalized biography
1074:
Qui finisce l'opera, perché a questo punto il maestro è morto
894:
One of the more remarkable broadcasts was in July 1942, when
1794:
and by Pfeiffer. These followed test sessions in New York's
1607:. His entire catalog of commercial recordings was issued by
1565:
with the NBC Symphony Orchestra, New York on 30 March, 1940.
380:
relinquished the post a few hours before the performance of
272:
4650:
Arturo Toscanini: Contemporary Recollections of the Maestro
4444:"Toscanini in a rage - scary rehearsal | Ghostarchive"
3548:
American composers today: a biographical and critical guide
3204:
Non muore la musica – La vita e l'opera di Arturo Toscanini
2713:. Mostly filmed in NBC's Studio 8-H, the film, narrated by
1856:
1952 performance featuring Arturo Toscanini (conductor) of
319:
304:
284:
672:. Mussolini, incensed by the conductor's refusal, had his
295:
3096:"Gentlemen, be democrats in life but aristocrats in art."
2389:
made his New York debut, and a 1940 broadcast version of
2385:'s Piano Concerto No. 27 on February 20, 1936, at which
1661:
Toscanini was especially famous for his performances of
4469:"Toscanini DESTROYS a bass section | Ghostarchive"
1807:
a few weeks earlier. Two days after the final concert,
4401:
4399:
3726:"Arturo Toscanini, 89, dies in sleep at New York Home"
6690:
3492:"The Toscanini Legacy collection of sound recordings"
3450:. International Double Reed Society. 1995. p. 65
2523:, Op. 52 (with two pianists and a small chorus); and
316:
310:
301:
298:
289:
4151:
Toscanini: The Maestro / Verdi - Hymn of the Nations
3277:: "Gia nella notte densa". cf. Conati et al., p. 304
2517:
Concerto for Violin, Cello, and Orchestra in A minor
292:
278:
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6535:
6333:
6121:
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5071:
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2456:
The telecasts began on March 20, 1948, with an all-
1845:
516:
Caricature of Toscanini drawn by Enrico Caruso
307:
275:
246:
220:
212:
193:
168:
143:
69:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
6782:Honorary members of the Royal Philharmonic Society
4555:
4419:"The Real Toscanini: Musicians Reveal the Maestro"
3818:"The Maestro Plays Games with Sonia on the Lawn."
3545:
2519:(Mischa Mischakoff, violin; Frank Miller, cello);
2217:, Symphony No. 7 "Leningrad" (1942, on RCA Victor)
1575:– NBC Symphony Orchestra, New York, November 1945.
837:. He even wrote his own orchestral arrangement of
4530:The Oxford Illustrated History of the Third Reich
3424:. Sterling Publishing Company, Inc. p. 238.
3380:
3378:
2606:; and "Siegfried's Death and Funeral Music" from
2441:, and the first complete telecast of Beethoven's
1241:. He conducted the first Italian performances of
588:in Istanbul, who, later, became conductor of the
422:(it had had its premiere in its original form at
30:"Toscanini" redirects here. For the surname, see
2205:, Symphony No. 3 "Scottish" (1941, on Testament)
340:. He was at various times the music director of
3231:Greene's Biographical Encyclopedia of Composers
3019:New York Public Library for the Performing Arts
2957:
2286:New York Public Library for the Performing Arts
2103:(1940 NBC broadcast; and 1951 studio recording)
1089:In his will, he left his baton to his protégée
4652:, New York: Da Capo Press, 1989 (A reprint of
1892:"Eroica" (1953; also 1939 and 1949 recordings)
1433:by Antonio Smareglia – Milan, January 22, 1903
6767:Burials at the Cimitero Monumentale di Milano
5482:
5256:
4967:
4886:Discography of American Historical Recordings
4844:The Interviews: An Oral History of Television
4802:(contains inaccuracies corrected by Sachs in
4693:(contains inaccuracies corrected by Sachs in
3985:Arturo Toscanini: The Complete RCA Collection
2460:program, including the Prelude to Act III of
1391:by Cesare Galeotii – Milan, December 17, 1900
1271:, as well as the South American premieres of
8:
6837:Music directors of the New York Philharmonic
4700:Marsh, R. C. Toscanini on Records – Part I:
3514:
3512:
2478:; "Dawn and Siegfried's Rhine Journey" from
2085:Piano concerto No. 1 in B flat minor, Op. 23
660:, Toscanini was ordered to begin by playing
3295:"Out Today: New Victor Records for March".
2916:'s symphonies (Nos. 1 and 7), and three of
1505:by Riccardo Zandonai – Milan, March 7, 1925
1353:by Natale Canti – Bologna, December 1, 1894
648:At a memorial concert for Italian composer
6832:Royal Philharmonic Society Gold Medallists
5489:
5475:
5467:
5263:
5249:
5241:
5075:
4974:
4960:
4952:
4891:
4869:Newspaper clippings about Arturo Toscanini
4712:Marsh Part III: vol 4,1955, pp. 83–91
4076:"Penn Special Collections – Ormandy/Usher"
3914:Boult, Adrian; Goldberg, Rachelle (1973).
3311:"8 Famous People Who Missed the Lusitania"
3029:papers, and a collection of material from
1297:. He also conducted the world premiere of
1128:Toscanini with his wife and daughter Wally
151:
140:
6777:Grammy Lifetime Achievement Award winners
4794:The Maestro: The Life of Arturo Toscanini
4709:Marsh Part II: vol 4,1955, pp. 75–81
4095:
4093:
3247:. Cornell University Press. p. 303.
3061:, and featuring commentary by conductors
2968:The Maestro: The Life Of Arturo Toscanini
2527:On December 3, 1948, Toscanini conducted
1397:by Leoncavallo – Milan, November 10, 1900
896:Toscanini conducted the American premiere
627:Departure from Italy to the United States
129:Learn how and when to remove this message
4554:Schonberg, Harold C. (January 1, 1997).
3353:, November 25, 1935 (to be found in the
2880:Some contemporary critics, particularly
2323:International Classical Record Collector
2319:International Classical Record Collector
1459:by Puccini – New York, December 10, 1910
1385:by Enrico De Leva – Turin, March 2, 1898
1173:During World War II, Toscanini lived in
6757:20th-century Italian conductors (music)
6697:
4527:Gellately, Robert (February 14, 2018).
4405:
4101:"The First Televised Orchestra Concert"
3152:
3099:Referring to the first movement of the
2955:(rhythmically too rigid) performances:
2951:Toscanini has also been criticized for
2484:; and "The Ride of the Valkyries" from
2134:(Act III only, 1944; from World War II
2077:(Philadelphia, 1941; NBC 1947 and 1953)
1359:by Antonio Lozzi – Venice, May 24, 1895
1112:Toscanini was posthumously awarded the
239: 1897; died 1951)
6792:Italian emigrants to the United States
4562:. W. W. Norton & Company. p.
3243:Conati, Marcello; et al. (1986).
1842:
1499:by Giordano – Milan, December 20, 1924
1021:(the two-part concert performances of
5215:Arturo Toscanini: Hymn of the Nations
4367:. Klassi.net. Retrieved June 7, 2012.
3581:Vinson, Bill; Casey, Ginger Quering.
2687:were replaced with new commentary by
2561:were on risers behind the orchestra.
2233:, Symphony No. 2 (1946, on Testament)
2211:, Symphony No. 2 (1940, on Testament)
1712:The Philadelphia Orchestra recordings
1527:by Giordano – Milan, January 12, 1929
331:
7:
6772:Conductors of the Metropolitan Opera
4220:. September 30, 2007. Archived from
3885:"Letters detail Toscanini's affairs"
3698:"Survival Sought by NBC Orchestra."
3587:Welcome Aboard Moore-McCormack Lines
3000:Toscanini: The Man Behind The Legend
2809:plays Toscanini in a brief scene in
2543:; and Wagner's original overture to
1615:and a series of recordings with the
1283:and the North American premieres of
732:. Studio 8-H has been home to NBC's
67:adding citations to reliable sources
6762:20th-century Italian male musicians
4578:Toscanini allegro con brio comment.
4246:. November 29, 2008. Archived from
3883:Catherine Milner (April 20, 2002).
2466:; the overture and bacchanale from
2355:'s Symphonies Nos. 88 and 104, and
2002:Mendelssohn, Incidental Music from
1997:Symphony No. 9 "From the New World"
750:Toscanini's recording sessions for
4737:. UMI Dissertation Services, 1994.
4125:. January 13, 2009. Archived from
3629:. MOG.com. Retrieved June 7, 2012.
1953:(1952 and February 1948 broadcast)
1700:
1347:by Gnaga – Rome, November 15, 1892
552:In the 1930s, he conducted at the
25:
4773:Toscanini: Musician of Conscience
3969:"Toscanini Plays Two New Works."
2600:; the Prelude and Liebestod from
2525:Hungarian Dance No. 1 in G minor.
1908:Philharmonic-Symphony of New York
1861:Symphony No. 4 in E Minor Opus 98
1519:by Pizzetti – Milan, May 16, 1928
1233:. He also took an active role in
1114:Grammy Lifetime Achievement Award
6724:
6712:
6700:
6188:
5818:
5785:
5766:
5677:
5637:
5569:
5536:
5455:
4558:The Lives of the Great Composers
4503:"Search Results - - 173 Results"
4334:"Search Results - - 173 Results"
4309:"Toscanini, The Recorded Legend"
4123:"Toscanini: Hymn of the Nations"
3822:, November 27, 1939, 66–67
3051:Toscanini: The Maestro Revisited
3010:. The series was rebroadcast by
1851:
1177:, a historic home in Riverdale.
1093:, who sang in the broadcasts of
268:
43:
6802:Italian male conductors (music)
4766:The Letters of Arturo Toscanini
4673:Arturo Toscanini: The NBC Years
4640:Arturo Toscanini: The NBC Years
4272:. June 18, 2008. Archived from
3369:Toscanini: An Intimate Portrait
3299:, March 1, 1921 (advertisement)
3218:Arturo Toscanini: The NBC Years
3206:. SUGARco Edizioni. p. 36.
1046:Toscanini's family tomb at the
460:National and international fame
236:
54:needs additional citations for
4840:Talking About Arturo Toscanini
4744:. New York: A. A. Knopf, 1947.
4722:. New York: Hippocrene, 1982.
4706:, vol. 4, 1954, pp. 55–58
4148:Rosen, Peter (March 9, 2004),
3371:. Alfred A. Knopf. p. 98.
3309:Greg Daugherty (May 2, 2013).
2811:Florence Foster Jenkins (film)
2746:performed in the latter work.
2160:Die Meistersinger von Nürnberg
1701:Charles O'Connell on Toscanini
1597:Victor Talking Machine Company
520:In 1908, Toscanini joined the
503:Victor Talking Machine Company
1:
6261:Arturo Benedetti Michelangeli
4610:The Book of Musical Anecdotes
3675:"Toscanini: The Last Concert"
3190:Microcosmo. Theatro Imperial.
2637:'s "Nuages" and "Fêtes" from
1080:sang an excerpt from Verdi's
941:
738:since 1975. In January 1980,
594:New Mexico Symphony Orchestra
558:Israel Philharmonic Orchestra
333:[arˈtuːrotoskaˈniːni]
158:
27:Italian conductor (1867–1957)
6822:People from Riverdale, Bronx
5209:Arturo Toscanini discography
4785:Vienna: Reichner Verlag 1937
4742:The Other Side of the Record
4685:, New York: Atheneum, 1975.
4658:The Toscanini Musicians Knew
4654:Conversations with Toscanini
3837:The Juilliard Journal Online
3657:The Toscanini Musicians Knew
3336:Music: Toscanini at Bayreuth
3049:telecast a program entitled
2848:Arturo Toscanini, March 1934
2830:United States Postal Service
2021:Symphony No. 5 "Reformation"
1586:Arturo Toscanini discography
1554:, New York, November 5, 1938
1489:(completed by Toscanini and
1469:– New York, January 25, 1915
1170:playing with the conductor.
1048:Monumental Cemetery of Milan
973:Amahl and the Night Visitors
702:Radio Corporation of America
676:, placed him under constant
596:as a professional ensemble.
586:Master of the Sultan's Music
4882:Arturo Toscanini recordings
4873:20th Century Press Archives
4858:National Recording Registry
4533:. Oxford University Press.
3784:and Its Posthumous Prima".
3367:Chotzinoff, Samuel (1956).
3117:. Bah! For me it is simply
1443:– Bologna, December 5, 1905
1237:'s completion of Puccini's
1026:from several other operas.
564:, later conducting them in
6853:
6787:Italian classical cellists
5141:Overture to Colas Breugnon
4820:Magazine, July/August 2002
4735:The NBC Symphony Orchestra
3420:Farrell, Nicholas (2005).
3202:Tarozzi, Giuseppe (1977).
3053:, written and narrated by
2990:is a satire of Toscanini.
2568:on November 3, 1951, with
2533:Symphony No. 40 in G minor
1583:
1479:– Milan, December 16, 1922
1417:– Milan, November 16, 1901
708:to visit the conductor in
590:Chicago Symphony Orchestra
540:. Toscanini conducted the
29:
6817:Parma Conservatory alumni
5453:
5279:
4940:
4935:Music Director, La Scala
4933:
4927:
4917:
4907:
4899:
4894:
3655:in 1967 (at pp. 54–55 of
3014:radio in the late 1970s.
2757:was nominated for a 1944
2701:Office of War Information
2276:Rehearsals and broadcasts
2060:Pictures at an Exhibition
2004:A Midsummer Night's Dream
1963:(1951 and 1948 broadcast)
1881:unless otherwise shown):
1850:
1544:First Essay for Orchestra
1407:– Milan, January 17, 1901
1369:– Turin, February 1, 1896
1105:, the Verdi Requiem, and
716:on December 25, 1937, in
150:
5937:Dietrich Fischer-Dieskau
5186:Wanda Toscanini Horowitz
4768:, New York: Knopf, 2003.
4759:Reflections on Toscanini
4669:Reflections on Toscanini
4423:www.therealtoscanini.com
4363:August 17, 2004, at the
4196:. Movies & TV Dept.
3860:. London. Archived from
3286:Opera. June 1954, p. 334
2867:Toscanini: The NBC Years
2736:The Star-Spangled Banner
2472:; "Forest Murmurs" from
2329:Arturo Toscanini Society
2138:benefit concert held in
2014:Symphony No. 4 "Italian"
1742:High fidelity and stereo
1681:and his own compatriots
840:The Star-Spangled Banner
652:on May 14, 1931, at the
524:in New York, along with
6807:Music directors (opera)
6591:record label executives
5853:Victoria de los Ángeles
5498:Gramophone Hall of Fame
4665:Understanding Toscanini
4030:NBC Symphony Broadcasts
3046:The Bell Telephone Hour
2875:Understanding Toscanini
2515:program, including the
1453:– Milan, April 15, 1907
1427:– Milan, March 11, 1902
760:New York Public Library
592:and the founder of the
5223:Toscanini: The Maestro
4730:(includes discography)
4313:www.classicalnotes.net
4188:Matthew Tobey (2007).
3673:Peter Gutmann (1995).
3638:RCA Victor liner notes
3625:June 29, 2009, at the
3347:"Music: Lange's own",
3160:Sachs, Harvey (1978).
3027:Fiorello H. La Guardia
2976:
2920:'s most famous works,
2861:, Mortimer Frank, and
2849:
2770:Toscanini: The Maestro
2763:Best Documentary Short
2643:; and the overture of
2288:
1971:Philharmonia Orchestra
1865:Philharmonia Orchestra
1642:Philharmonia Orchestra
1630:Philadelphia Orchestra
1619:from 1937 to 1939 for
1617:BBC Symphony Orchestra
1552:NBC Symphony Orchestra
1493:) – Milan, May 1, 1924
1379:– Turin, March 6, 1897
1129:
1051:
947:
714:NBC Symphony Orchestra
693:
684:NBC Symphony Orchestra
584:, the son of the last
517:
403:
395:conductor, at age 19.
365:Toscanini was born in
350:NBC Symphony Orchestra
6797:Italian life senators
6505:Mstislav Rostropovich
6077:Elisabeth Schwarzkopf
5809:Michael Tilson Thomas
5272:New York Philharmonic
5039:La fanciulla del West
4224:on September 30, 2007
4206:on December 24, 2007.
3833:"A Toscanini Odyssey"
3571:archives.nyphil.org).
3525:. The Instrumentalist
3422:Mussolini: a New Life
3245:Encounters with Verdi
3187:, 5th July 1886 p.1:
3038:The Maestro Revisited
3008:American Record Guide
2847:
2817:Acclaim and criticism
2807:John Kavanagh (actor)
2283:
2199:(1940, on RCA Victor)
2140:Madison Square Garden
1613:New York Philharmonic
1457:La fanciulla del West
1319:(revised version) by
1224:La fanciulla del West
1157:second piano concerto
1140:on June 10, 1906, in
1127:
1045:
939:
756:On and Off The Record
691:
542:New York Philharmonic
515:
401:
346:New York Philharmonic
6812:Musicians from Parma
6589:Producers/engineers/
6056:Anne Sofie von Otter
5647:Nikolaus Harnoncourt
5072:Orchestral premieres
4798:Simon & Schuster
4740:O'Connell, Charles,
4733:Meyer, Donald Carl,
4638:Frank, Mortimer H.,
4250:on November 29, 2008
4192:Il Giovane Toscanini
3988:, RCA Red Seal, 2012
3854:"Conductor con brio"
3544:Ewen, David (1949).
3315:Smithsonian Magazine
3229:David Mason Greene,
3105:: "Some say this is
2929:An American in Paris
2783:Il giovane Toscanini
2719:La forza del destino
2541:Symphonic Variations
2445:. All of these were
2414:Symphonic Variations
2227:(1943, on Testament)
2187:(1938, on Testament)
2151:(1947 NBC broadcast)
2112:(1954 NBC broadcast)
2109:Un ballo in maschera
1822:Un Ballo in Maschera
1532:Orchestral premieres
1503:I Cavalieri di Ekebu
1262:Pelléas et Mélisande
1161:first piano concerto
1107:Un ballo in maschera
1064:Cimitero Monumentale
1018:Un Ballo in Maschera
956:Un Ballo in Maschera
849:, together with the
783:An American in Paris
526:Giulio Gatti-Casazza
63:improve this article
6579:The Tallis Scholars
6544:Alban Berg Quartett
6282:Sergei Rachmaninoff
6000:Dmitri Hvorostovsky
5668:Herbert von Karajan
5654:Christopher Hogwood
5628:Carlo Maria Giulini
5621:John Eliot Gardiner
5614:Wilhelm Furtwängler
5392:Dimitri Mitropoulos
5101:Essay for Orchestra
4779:Selden-Goth, Gisela
4764:Harvey Sachs, ed.,
4507:UNT Digital Library
4378:"Kodaly's Symphony"
4338:UNT Digital Library
4172:Hymn of the Nations
4129:on January 13, 2009
4103:. Library.upenn.edu
4078:. Library.upenn.edu
3895:on October 21, 2014
3864:on October 21, 2014
3831:Frank, Mortimer H.
3758:on November 7, 2019
3715:, November 14, 1954
3522:The Instrumentalist
3334:, August 4, 1930: "
3321:on October 7, 2013.
3216:Mortimer H. Frank,
3185:Jornal do Commercio
3132:Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer
3086:Of German composer
3059:Harold C. Schonberg
3004:Giovanni Martinelli
2934:Piano Concerto in F
2914:Dmitri Shostakovich
2776:Hymn of the Nations
2755:Hymn of the Nations
2751:Hymn of the Nations
2706:Hymn of the Nations
2559:Robert Shaw Chorale
2521:Liebeslieder-Walzer
2215:Dmitri Shostakovich
1497:La Cena delle Beffe
1477:Ildebrando Pizzetti
1377:Arturo Buzzi-Peccia
1335:Ruggero Leoncavallo
1291:Dmitri Shostakovich
960:Symphony of the Air
908:transcription discs
900:Dmitri Shostakovich
846:Hymn of the Nations
826:Piano Concerto in F
778:Essay for Orchestra
744:Live From Studio 8H
735:Saturday Night Live
720:in New York City's
700:, president of the
613:Giovanni Martinelli
32:Toscanini (surname)
6827:RCA Victor artists
6565:The King's Singers
6498:Jean-Pierre Rampal
6470:Anne-Sophie Mutter
6289:Sviatoslav Richter
6186:Marc-André Hamelin
6151:Vladimir Ashkenazy
5881:Montserrat Caballé
5586:Sergiu Celibidache
5284:Ureli Corelli Hill
5226:(1985 documentary)
5094:Adagio for Strings
4990:Operatic premieres
4663:Horowitz, Joseph,
4633:This Was Toscanini
4604:, 1951; quoted in
4199:The New York Times
3971:The New York Times
3798:10.1093/oq/2.3.126
3713:The New York Times
3700:The New York Times
3608:The New York Times
3297:The New York Times
3119:allegro con brio."
2850:
2799:, and directed by
2727:Inno delle nazioni
2603:Tristan und Isolde
2369:' Symphony No. 4,
2289:
2196:Petrushka (ballet)
1839:Notable recordings
1814:Warner Music Group
1800:Damnation of Faust
1792:This Was Toscanini
1640:Orchestra and the
1625:His Master's Voice
1601:Camden, New Jersey
1539:Adagio for Strings
1491:Vincenzo Tommasini
1425:Alberto Franchetti
1327:, November 4, 1886
1311:Operatic premieres
1304:Adagio for Strings
1274:Tristan und Isolde
1159:and Tchaikovsky's
1130:
1052:
964:Gian Carlo Menotti
948:
792:Grand Canyon Suite
772:Adagio for Strings
722:Rockefeller Center
694:
538:Duca degli Abruzzi
522:Metropolitan Opera
518:
507:Camden, New Jersey
404:
371:Parma Conservatory
78:"Arturo Toscanini"
6688:
6687:
6679:Kenneth Wilkinson
6660:Goddard Lieberson
6379:Jacqueline du Pré
6296:Arthur Rubinstein
6205:Vladimir Horowitz
6063:Luciano Pavarotti
5795:Leopold Stokowski
5729:Yevgeny Mravinsky
5708:Charles Mackerras
5546:Leonard Bernstein
5464:
5463:
5398:Leonard Bernstein
5386:Leopold Stokowski
5356:Willem Mengelberg
5238:
5237:
5192:Vladimir Horowitz
5168:
5167:
4950:
4949:
4941:Succeeded by
4918:Succeeded by
4895:Cultural offices
4573:978-0-393-03857-6
4540:978-0-19-104402-1
4384:. August 16, 2015
3926:(1562): 378–379.
3920:The Musical Times
3496:archives.nypl.org
3164:. Da Capo Press.
2801:Franco Zeffirelli
2744:Westminster Choir
2259:Memorial Concert.
2221:Vasily Kalinnikov
2165:Salzburg Festival
2123:Salzburg Festival
2049:Salzburg Festival
1933:Roméo et Juliette
1899:"Pastoral" (1952)
1875:
1874:
1723:AFM recording ban
1706:Charles O'Connell
1345:Guglielmo Swarten
1153:Vladimir Horowitz
916:Sun Valley, Idaho
888:Leopold Stokowski
835:John Philip Sousa
726:Leopold Stokowski
706:Samuel Chotzinoff
650:Giuseppe Martucci
621:Aureliano Pertile
554:Salzburg Festival
402:Toscanini in 1908
344:in Milan and the
261:
260:
139:
138:
131:
113:
16:(Redirected from
6844:
6729:
6728:
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6409:
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6374:
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6336:woodwind players
6326:
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6298:
6291:
6284:
6277:
6275:Maurizio Pollini
6270:
6263:
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6242:
6235:
6233:Gustav Leonhardt
6228:
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6214:
6207:
6200:
6193:
6192:
6181:
6174:
6167:
6160:
6153:
6146:
6139:
6132:
6130:Leif Ove Andsnes
6114:
6112:Fritz Wunderlich
6107:
6100:
6093:
6086:
6079:
6072:
6065:
6058:
6051:
6044:
6037:
6030:
6023:
6021:Simon Keenlyside
6016:
6009:
6007:Gundula Janowitz
6002:
5995:
5988:
5981:
5974:
5967:
5965:Nicolai Ghiaurov
5960:
5958:Angela Gheorghiu
5953:
5946:
5944:Kirsten Flagstad
5939:
5932:
5930:Kathleen Ferrier
5925:
5918:
5911:
5909:Feodor Chaliapin
5904:
5897:
5890:
5883:
5876:
5869:
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5855:
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5816:Arturo Toscanini
5811:
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5789:
5778:
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5715:Neville Marriner
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5593:Riccardo Chailly
5588:
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5579:Benjamin Britten
5574:
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5548:
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5540:
5529:
5527:Daniel Barenboim
5522:
5515:
5491:
5484:
5477:
5468:
5459:
5362:Arturo Toscanini
5314:Adolf Neuendorff
5302:Leopold Damrosch
5290:Theodore Eisfeld
5265:
5258:
5251:
5242:
5180:Walter Toscanini
5076:
4983:Arturo Toscanini
4976:
4969:
4962:
4953:
4944:Victor de Sabata
4928:Preceded by
4909:Music Director,
4900:Preceded by
4892:
4831:Arturo Toscanini
4801:
4783:Arturo Toscanini
4720:Arturo Toscanini
4679:Marek, George R.
4612:
4587:
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4473:ghostarchive.org
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4459:
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4448:ghostarchive.org
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4304:
4298:
4292:
4286:
4285:
4283:
4281:
4276:on June 18, 2008
4266:
4260:
4259:
4257:
4255:
4240:
4234:
4233:
4231:
4229:
4214:
4208:
4207:
4202:. Archived from
4185:
4179:
4168:
4162:
4161:
4160:
4158:
4145:
4139:
4138:
4136:
4134:
4119:
4113:
4112:
4110:
4108:
4097:
4088:
4087:
4085:
4083:
4072:
4066:
4060:
4054:
4048:
4042:
4041:
4040:
4038:
4025:
4019:
4012:
4006:
4003:
3997:
3996:
3995:
3993:
3980:
3974:
3967:
3961:
3958:
3952:
3951:
3916:"Stereo Strings"
3911:
3905:
3904:
3902:
3900:
3891:. Archived from
3880:
3874:
3873:
3871:
3869:
3852:(May 12, 2002).
3846:
3840:
3829:
3823:
3816:
3810:
3809:
3778:William Ashbrook
3774:
3768:
3767:
3765:
3763:
3754:. Archived from
3752:"Turismo Milano"
3748:
3742:
3741:
3739:
3737:
3722:
3716:
3709:
3703:
3696:
3690:
3689:
3687:
3685:
3670:
3664:
3645:
3639:
3636:
3630:
3617:
3611:
3604:
3598:
3597:
3595:
3593:
3578:
3572:
3568:
3562:
3561:
3559:
3557:
3552:. H.W. Wilson Co
3551:
3541:
3535:
3534:
3532:
3530:
3516:
3507:
3506:
3504:
3502:
3488:
3482:
3481:
3480:
3478:
3466:
3460:
3459:
3457:
3455:
3442:
3436:
3435:
3417:
3411:
3404:
3398:
3391:
3385:
3382:
3373:
3372:
3364:
3358:
3345:
3339:
3329:
3323:
3322:
3317:. Archived from
3306:
3300:
3293:
3287:
3284:
3278:
3265:
3259:
3258:
3240:
3234:
3227:
3221:
3214:
3208:
3207:
3199:
3193:
3182:
3176:
3175:
3157:
2974:
2923:Rhapsody in Blue
2797:Elizabeth Taylor
2793:C. Thomas Howell
2715:Burgess Meredith
2711:Alexander Hammid
2255:, Milan, 1948 –
2035:(1946 broadcast)
1855:
1854:
1843:
1796:Manhattan Center
1785:
1784:
1780:
1777:
1771:
1770:
1766:
1763:
1727:Columbia Records
1573:Elie Siegmeister
1467:Umberto Giordano
1463:Madame Sans-Gène
1441:Vittorio Gnecchi
1321:Alfredo Catalani
1280:Madama Butterfly
1182:Geraldine Farrar
970:for television,
946:
943:
862:Bernard Wagenaar
812:Rhapsody in Blue
692:Arturo Toscanini
633:Benito Mussolini
617:Geraldine Farrar
605:Feodor Chaliapin
450:, suggesting an
416:Alfredo Catalani
408:Teatro Carignano
335:
330:
326:
325:
322:
321:
318:
315:
312:
309:
306:
303:
300:
297:
294:
291:
287:
286:
283:
280:
277:
274:
264:Arturo Toscanini
240:
238:
226:Carla de Martini
205:Riverdale, Bronx
200:
197:January 16, 1957
187:Kingdom of Italy
178:
176:
163:
160:
155:
145:Arturo Toscanini
141:
134:
127:
123:
120:
114:
112:
71:
47:
39:
21:
6852:
6851:
6847:
6846:
6845:
6843:
6842:
6841:
6737:
6736:
6735:
6725:
6723:
6711:
6707:Classical music
6701:
6699:
6691:
6689:
6684:
6677:
6672:
6665:
6658:
6651:
6644:
6639:
6632:
6625:
6618:
6611:
6604:
6597:
6590:
6584:
6577:
6570:
6563:
6558:Beaux Arts Trio
6556:
6551:Amadeus Quartet
6549:
6542:
6531:
6524:
6517:
6510:
6503:
6496:
6489:
6482:
6475:
6468:
6463:Nathan Milstein
6461:
6454:
6447:
6442:Wynton Marsalis
6440:
6433:
6426:
6419:
6414:Steven Isserlis
6412:
6405:
6398:
6393:Arthur Grumiaux
6391:
6384:
6377:
6372:Kyung Wha Chung
6370:
6363:
6356:
6349:
6342:
6335:
6329:
6322:
6317:Grigory Sokolov
6315:
6308:
6301:
6294:
6287:
6280:
6273:
6266:
6259:
6252:
6245:
6238:
6231:
6224:
6217:
6210:
6203:
6196:
6184:
6179:Friedrich Gulda
6177:
6170:
6163:
6156:
6149:
6142:
6137:Martha Argerich
6135:
6128:
6117:
6110:
6103:
6096:
6089:
6084:Joan Sutherland
6082:
6075:
6068:
6061:
6054:
6047:
6040:
6033:
6026:
6019:
6012:
6005:
5998:
5991:
5984:
5977:
5970:
5963:
5956:
5949:
5942:
5935:
5928:
5923:Plácido Domingo
5921:
5914:
5907:
5900:
5893:
5886:
5879:
5872:
5867:Cecilia Bartoli
5865:
5858:
5851:
5844:
5833:
5826:
5814:
5807:
5800:
5793:
5781:
5774:
5762:
5755:
5750:Antonio Pappano
5748:
5741:
5734:
5727:
5720:
5713:
5706:
5699:
5692:
5685:
5673:
5666:
5659:
5652:
5645:
5635:Bernard Haitink
5633:
5626:
5619:
5612:
5607:Gustavo Dudamel
5605:
5598:
5591:
5584:
5577:
5565:
5558:
5551:
5544:
5532:
5525:
5520:John Barbirolli
5518:
5511:
5500:
5495:
5465:
5460:
5451:
5446:Gustavo Dudamel
5440:Jaap van Zweden
5374:Artur Rodziński
5368:John Barbirolli
5332:Walter Damrosch
5308:Theodore Thomas
5275:
5274:Music Directors
5269:
5239:
5234:
5197:
5164:
5129:
5122:
5081:
5080:World premieres
5067:
4985:
4980:
4946:
4937:
4931:
4923:
4914:
4905:
4827:
4814:Toscanini Lives
4810:Teachout, Terry
4790:Taubman, Howard
4788:
4716:Matthews, Denis
4631:(photographs),
4621:
4619:Further reading
4616:
4615:
4606:Norman Lebrecht
4588:
4584:
4574:
4553:
4552:
4548:
4541:
4526:
4525:
4521:
4511:
4509:
4501:
4500:
4496:
4491:
4487:
4477:
4475:
4467:
4466:
4462:
4452:
4450:
4442:
4441:
4437:
4427:
4425:
4417:
4416:
4412:
4404:
4397:
4387:
4385:
4376:
4375:
4371:
4365:Wayback Machine
4356:
4352:
4342:
4340:
4332:
4331:
4327:
4317:
4315:
4307:Peter Gutmann.
4306:
4305:
4301:
4293:
4289:
4279:
4277:
4268:
4267:
4263:
4253:
4251:
4242:
4241:
4237:
4227:
4225:
4216:
4215:
4211:
4190:"Movies: About
4187:
4186:
4182:
4169:
4165:
4156:
4154:
4147:
4146:
4142:
4132:
4130:
4121:
4120:
4116:
4106:
4104:
4099:
4098:
4091:
4081:
4079:
4074:
4073:
4069:
4061:
4057:
4053:, March 2, 1970
4049:
4045:
4036:
4034:
4027:
4026:
4022:
4013:
4009:
4004:
4000:
3991:
3989:
3982:
3981:
3977:
3968:
3964:
3959:
3955:
3913:
3912:
3908:
3898:
3896:
3882:
3881:
3877:
3867:
3865:
3850:Michael Kennedy
3848:
3847:
3843:
3830:
3826:
3817:
3813:
3786:Opera Quarterly
3776:
3775:
3771:
3761:
3759:
3750:
3749:
3745:
3735:
3733:
3724:
3723:
3719:
3710:
3706:
3702:, June 18, 1954
3697:
3693:
3683:
3681:
3679:Classical Notes
3672:
3671:
3667:
3646:
3642:
3637:
3633:
3627:Wayback Machine
3618:
3614:
3605:
3601:
3591:
3589:
3580:
3579:
3575:
3569:
3565:
3555:
3553:
3543:
3542:
3538:
3528:
3526:
3518:
3517:
3510:
3500:
3498:
3490:
3489:
3485:
3476:
3474:
3468:
3467:
3463:
3453:
3451:
3447:The Double reed
3444:
3443:
3439:
3432:
3419:
3418:
3414:
3405:
3401:
3392:
3388:
3383:
3376:
3366:
3365:
3361:
3357:online archive)
3346:
3342:
3330:
3326:
3308:
3307:
3303:
3294:
3290:
3285:
3281:
3266:
3262:
3255:
3242:
3241:
3237:
3228:
3224:
3215:
3211:
3201:
3200:
3196:
3183:
3179:
3172:
3159:
3158:
3154:
3149:
3088:Richard Strauss
3083:
3071:Erich Leinsdorf
3041:
2996:
2975:
2966:
2961:
2918:George Gershwin
2898:Igor Stravinsky
2886:Richard Strauss
2871:Joseph Horowitz
2819:
2788:Young Toscanini
2697:
2689:Martin Bookspan
2609:Götterdämmerung
2572:'s overture to
2498:'s overture to
2481:Götterdämmerung
2427:live television
2423:
2362:Ein Heldenleben
2357:Richard Strauss
2331:
2315:
2313:Recording guide
2300:with the young
2278:
2174:
2044:Die Zauberflöte
1858:Johannes Brahms
1852:
1841:
1782:
1778:
1775:
1773:
1768:
1764:
1761:
1759:
1744:
1714:
1703:
1675:Richard Strauss
1659:
1593:
1588:
1582:
1580:Recorded legacy
1534:
1451:Francesco Cilea
1405:Pietro Mascagni
1367:Giacomo Puccini
1313:
1250:Götterdämmerung
1207:
1190:
1122:
1032:
968:Christmas opera
944:
806:El Salón México
787:George Gershwin
686:
654:Teatro Comunale
629:
462:
378:Leopoldo Miguez
363:
358:
328:
288:
271:
267:
256:Wanda Toscanini
242:
234:
230:
227:
208:
202:
198:
189:
180:
174:
172:
164:
161:
146:
135:
124:
118:
115:
72:
70:
60:
48:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
6850:
6848:
6840:
6839:
6834:
6829:
6824:
6819:
6814:
6809:
6804:
6799:
6794:
6789:
6784:
6779:
6774:
6769:
6764:
6759:
6754:
6749:
6739:
6738:
6734:
6733:
6721:
6709:
6686:
6685:
6683:
6682:
6675:
6670:
6663:
6656:
6649:
6642:
6640:Alain Lanceron
6637:
6630:
6623:
6620:C. Robert Fine
6616:
6609:
6606:Bernard Coutaz
6602:
6599:Emile Berliner
6594:
6592:
6586:
6585:
6583:
6582:
6575:
6572:Takács Quartet
6568:
6561:
6554:
6547:
6539:
6537:
6533:
6532:
6530:
6529:
6522:
6519:Andrés Segovia
6515:
6508:
6501:
6494:
6491:Itzhak Perlman
6487:
6484:Emmanuel Pahud
6480:
6477:David Oistrakh
6473:
6466:
6459:
6456:Yehudi Menuhin
6452:
6449:Albrecht Mayer
6445:
6438:
6431:
6424:
6421:Fritz Kreisler
6417:
6410:
6407:Heinz Holliger
6403:
6400:Jascha Heifetz
6396:
6389:
6382:
6375:
6368:
6361:
6354:
6347:
6339:
6337:
6331:
6330:
6328:
6327:
6324:Mitsuko Uchida
6320:
6313:
6310:Artur Schnabel
6306:
6299:
6292:
6285:
6278:
6271:
6268:Murray Perahia
6264:
6257:
6250:
6243:
6236:
6229:
6222:
6219:Wilhelm Kempff
6215:
6208:
6201:
6194:
6182:
6175:
6168:
6161:
6158:Alfred Brendel
6154:
6147:
6140:
6133:
6125:
6123:
6119:
6118:
6116:
6115:
6108:
6101:
6098:Kiri Te Kanawa
6094:
6091:Renata Tebaldi
6087:
6080:
6073:
6070:Leontyne Price
6066:
6059:
6052:
6045:
6042:Birgit Nilsson
6038:
6031:
6024:
6017:
6014:Jonas Kaufmann
6010:
6003:
5996:
5989:
5982:
5979:Thomas Hampson
5975:
5968:
5961:
5954:
5947:
5940:
5933:
5926:
5919:
5916:Joyce DiDonato
5912:
5905:
5898:
5891:
5884:
5877:
5874:Jussi Björling
5870:
5863:
5856:
5849:
5841:
5839:
5835:
5834:
5832:
5831:
5824:
5812:
5805:
5798:
5791:
5779:
5772:
5760:
5757:Trevor Pinnock
5753:
5746:
5743:Eugene Ormandy
5739:
5732:
5725:
5718:
5711:
5704:
5697:
5694:Rafael Kubelík
5690:
5687:Otto Klemperer
5683:
5675:Carlos Kleiber
5671:
5664:
5661:Mariss Jansons
5657:
5650:
5643:
5631:
5624:
5617:
5610:
5603:
5596:
5589:
5582:
5575:
5563:
5556:
5549:
5542:
5534:Thomas Beecham
5530:
5523:
5516:
5513:Claudio Abbado
5508:
5506:
5502:
5501:
5496:
5494:
5493:
5486:
5479:
5471:
5462:
5461:
5454:
5452:
5450:
5449:
5443:
5437:
5431:
5425:
5419:
5413:
5407:
5401:
5395:
5389:
5383:
5377:
5371:
5365:
5359:
5353:
5350:Josef Stránský
5347:
5341:
5338:Vasily Safonov
5335:
5329:
5323:
5317:
5311:
5305:
5299:
5293:
5287:
5280:
5277:
5276:
5270:
5268:
5267:
5260:
5253:
5245:
5236:
5235:
5233:
5232:
5230:Guido Cantelli
5227:
5219:
5211:
5205:
5203:
5199:
5198:
5196:
5195:
5189:
5183:
5176:
5174:
5170:
5169:
5166:
5165:
5163:
5162:
5161:
5160:
5158:Symphony No. 7
5150:
5149:
5148:
5146:Symphony No. 2
5143:
5132:
5130:
5127:
5124:
5123:
5121:
5120:
5119:
5118:
5106:
5105:
5104:
5097:
5084:
5082:
5079:
5073:
5069:
5068:
5066:
5065:
5064:
5063:
5051:
5050:
5049:
5042:
5035:
5023:
5022:
5021:
5009:
5008:
5007:
5006:(as a cellist)
4993:
4991:
4987:
4986:
4981:
4979:
4978:
4971:
4964:
4956:
4948:
4947:
4942:
4939:
4932:
4930:Tullio Serafin
4929:
4925:
4924:
4921:Tullio Serafin
4919:
4916:
4906:
4901:
4897:
4896:
4890:
4889:
4879:
4866:
4860:
4851:
4846:
4837:
4826:
4825:External links
4823:
4822:
4821:
4807:
4786:
4776:
4771:Harvey Sachs,
4769:
4762:
4757:Harvey Sachs,
4755:
4745:
4738:
4731:
4713:
4710:
4707:
4698:
4676:
4661:
4643:
4636:
4620:
4617:
4614:
4613:
4598:Howard Taubman
4582:
4572:
4546:
4539:
4519:
4494:
4485:
4460:
4435:
4410:
4395:
4382:Your Classical
4369:
4350:
4325:
4299:
4287:
4261:
4235:
4209:
4180:
4163:
4140:
4114:
4089:
4067:
4062:Harvey Sachs,
4055:
4043:
4033:, Testament UK
4020:
4014:Harvey Sachs,
4007:
3998:
3975:
3962:
3953:
3932:10.2307/955185
3906:
3875:
3841:
3824:
3811:
3792:(3): 126–132.
3769:
3743:
3717:
3704:
3691:
3665:
3640:
3631:
3612:
3610:, June 8, 1944
3599:
3573:
3563:
3536:
3508:
3483:
3461:
3437:
3430:
3412:
3399:
3386:
3374:
3359:
3340:
3324:
3301:
3288:
3279:
3260:
3253:
3235:
3222:
3209:
3194:
3177:
3170:
3151:
3150:
3148:
3145:
3144:
3143:
3140:Eleanor Powell
3128:
3121:
3097:
3094:
3091:
3082:
3079:
3063:Eugene Ormandy
3055:New York Times
3040:
3035:
2995:
2992:
2972:Howard Taubman
2964:
2909:Feu d'artifice
2890:Claude Debussy
2882:Virgil Thomson
2818:
2815:
2732:Internationale
2709:, directed by
2696:
2693:
2655:Symphony No. 5
2580:Symphony No. 1
2501:Der Freischutz
2492:Eugene Ormandy
2443:Ninth Symphony
2439:Richard Tucker
2422:
2419:
2396:Missa Solemnis
2375:Missa Solemnis
2349:German Requiem
2330:
2327:
2314:
2311:
2302:Renata Tebaldi
2277:
2274:
2273:
2272:
2260:
2239:, scenes from
2234:
2228:
2225:Symphony No. 1
2218:
2212:
2209:Franz Schubert
2206:
2200:
2188:
2173:
2170:
2169:
2168:
2152:
2143:
2126:
2113:
2104:
2092:
2078:
2075:Symphony No. 9
2068:
2052:
2036:
2024:
2017:
2007:
2000:
1990:
1978:
1964:
1961:Symphony No. 4
1957:
1954:
1951:Symphony No. 2
1947:
1944:Symphony No. 1
1937:
1925:
1922:Missa Solemnis
1918:
1915:Symphony No. 9
1911:
1904:Symphony No. 7
1900:
1897:Symphony No. 6
1893:
1890:Symphony No. 3
1873:
1872:
1869:on archive.org
1848:
1847:
1846:External audio
1840:
1837:
1833:Pristine Audio
1809:Guido Cantelli
1788:Missa Solemnis
1743:
1740:
1736:Eugene Ormandy
1713:
1710:
1702:
1699:
1658:
1655:
1592:
1589:
1584:Main article:
1581:
1578:
1577:
1576:
1566:
1563:Giuseppe Verdi
1555:
1533:
1530:
1529:
1528:
1520:
1514:
1506:
1500:
1494:
1480:
1473:Debora e Jaele
1470:
1460:
1454:
1444:
1434:
1428:
1418:
1415:Lorenzo Perosi
1408:
1398:
1392:
1386:
1380:
1370:
1360:
1354:
1348:
1342:
1341:, May 21, 1892
1328:
1312:
1309:
1295:Symphony No. 7
1206:
1203:
1189:
1186:
1121:
1118:
1031:
1028:
930:First Symphony
904:Symphony No. 7
854:Internationale
815:with soloists
718:NBC Studio 8-H
685:
682:
666:Costanzo Ciano
628:
625:
461:
458:
388:Rio de Janeiro
362:
359:
357:
354:
338:eidetic memory
259:
258:
248:
244:
243:
232:
228:
225:
224:
222:
218:
217:
214:
210:
209:
203:
201:(aged 89)
195:
191:
190:
181:
179:March 25, 1867
170:
166:
165:
156:
148:
147:
144:
137:
136:
119:September 2023
51:
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42:
26:
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6849:
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6708:
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6680:
6676:
6671:
6668:
6664:
6661:
6657:
6654:
6650:
6647:
6643:
6638:
6635:
6634:Klaus Heymann
6631:
6628:
6627:Fred Gaisberg
6624:
6621:
6617:
6614:
6610:
6607:
6603:
6600:
6596:
6595:
6593:
6587:
6580:
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6566:
6562:
6559:
6555:
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6548:
6545:
6541:
6540:
6538:
6534:
6527:
6526:John Williams
6523:
6520:
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6513:
6509:
6506:
6502:
6499:
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6408:
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6390:
6387:
6383:
6380:
6376:
6373:
6369:
6366:
6362:
6359:
6355:
6352:
6348:
6345:
6344:Maurice André
6341:
6340:
6338:
6334:String/brass/
6332:
6325:
6321:
6318:
6314:
6311:
6307:
6304:
6303:András Schiff
6300:
6297:
6293:
6290:
6286:
6283:
6279:
6276:
6272:
6269:
6265:
6262:
6258:
6255:
6251:
6248:
6244:
6241:
6237:
6234:
6230:
6227:
6226:Evgeny Kissin
6223:
6220:
6216:
6213:
6212:Stephen Hough
6209:
6206:
6202:
6199:
6198:Angela Hewitt
6195:
6191:
6187:
6183:
6180:
6176:
6173:
6169:
6166:
6162:
6159:
6155:
6152:
6148:
6145:
6144:Claudio Arrau
6141:
6138:
6134:
6131:
6127:
6126:
6124:
6120:
6113:
6109:
6106:
6102:
6099:
6095:
6092:
6088:
6085:
6081:
6078:
6074:
6071:
6067:
6064:
6060:
6057:
6053:
6050:
6049:Jessye Norman
6046:
6043:
6039:
6036:
6035:Anna Netrebko
6032:
6029:
6025:
6022:
6018:
6015:
6011:
6008:
6004:
6001:
5997:
5994:
5990:
5987:
5986:Marilyn Horne
5983:
5980:
5976:
5973:
5969:
5966:
5962:
5959:
5955:
5952:
5951:Renée Fleming
5948:
5945:
5941:
5938:
5934:
5931:
5927:
5924:
5920:
5917:
5913:
5910:
5906:
5903:
5902:Enrico Caruso
5899:
5896:
5895:José Carreras
5892:
5889:
5885:
5882:
5878:
5875:
5871:
5868:
5864:
5861:
5857:
5854:
5850:
5847:
5843:
5842:
5840:
5836:
5829:
5825:
5821:
5817:
5813:
5810:
5806:
5803:
5799:
5796:
5792:
5788:
5784:
5780:
5777:
5773:
5769:
5765:
5761:
5758:
5754:
5751:
5747:
5744:
5740:
5737:
5736:Riccardo Muti
5733:
5730:
5726:
5723:
5719:
5716:
5712:
5709:
5705:
5702:
5698:
5695:
5691:
5688:
5684:
5680:
5676:
5672:
5669:
5665:
5662:
5658:
5655:
5651:
5648:
5644:
5640:
5636:
5632:
5629:
5625:
5622:
5618:
5615:
5611:
5608:
5604:
5601:
5597:
5594:
5590:
5587:
5583:
5580:
5576:
5572:
5568:
5564:
5561:
5560:Pierre Boulez
5557:
5554:
5550:
5547:
5543:
5539:
5535:
5531:
5528:
5524:
5521:
5517:
5514:
5510:
5509:
5507:
5503:
5499:
5492:
5487:
5485:
5480:
5478:
5473:
5472:
5469:
5458:
5447:
5444:
5441:
5438:
5435:
5432:
5429:
5426:
5423:
5420:
5417:
5414:
5411:
5410:Pierre Boulez
5408:
5405:
5402:
5399:
5396:
5393:
5390:
5387:
5384:
5381:
5378:
5375:
5372:
5369:
5366:
5363:
5360:
5357:
5354:
5351:
5348:
5345:
5344:Gustav Mahler
5342:
5339:
5336:
5333:
5330:
5327:
5324:
5321:
5318:
5315:
5312:
5309:
5306:
5303:
5300:
5297:
5296:Carl Bergmann
5294:
5291:
5288:
5285:
5282:
5281:
5278:
5273:
5266:
5261:
5259:
5254:
5252:
5247:
5246:
5243:
5231:
5228:
5225:
5224:
5220:
5217:
5216:
5212:
5210:
5207:
5206:
5204:
5200:
5193:
5190:
5187:
5184:
5181:
5178:
5177:
5175:
5171:
5159:
5156:
5155:
5154:
5151:
5147:
5144:
5142:
5139:
5138:
5137:
5134:
5133:
5131:
5125:
5117:
5116:
5112:
5111:
5110:
5107:
5103:
5102:
5098:
5096:
5095:
5091:
5090:
5089:
5086:
5085:
5083:
5077:
5074:
5070:
5062:
5061:
5057:
5056:
5055:
5052:
5048:
5047:
5043:
5041:
5040:
5036:
5034:
5033:
5029:
5028:
5027:
5024:
5020:
5019:
5015:
5014:
5013:
5010:
5005:
5004:
5000:
4999:
4998:
4995:
4994:
4992:
4988:
4984:
4977:
4972:
4970:
4965:
4963:
4958:
4957:
4954:
4945:
4936:
4926:
4922:
4913:
4912:
4904:
4903:Franco Faccio
4898:
4893:
4887:
4883:
4880:
4878:
4874:
4870:
4867:
4865:
4861:
4859:
4855:
4852:
4850:
4847:
4845:
4841:
4838:
4836:
4832:
4829:
4828:
4824:
4819:
4815:
4811:
4808:
4805:
4799:
4795:
4791:
4787:
4784:
4780:
4777:
4774:
4770:
4767:
4763:
4760:
4756:
4753:
4749:
4748:Sachs, Harvey
4746:
4743:
4739:
4736:
4732:
4729:
4728:0-88254-657-0
4725:
4721:
4717:
4714:
4711:
4708:
4705:
4704:
4703:High Fidelity
4699:
4696:
4692:
4691:0-689-10655-6
4688:
4684:
4680:
4677:
4674:
4671:and Frank in
4670:
4666:
4662:
4659:
4655:
4651:
4647:
4646:Haggin, B. H.
4644:
4641:
4637:
4634:
4630:
4629:Hupka, Robert
4627:(author) and
4626:
4625:Antek, Samuel
4623:
4622:
4618:
4611:
4607:
4603:
4599:
4595:
4591:
4586:
4583:
4579:
4575:
4569:
4565:
4560:
4559:
4550:
4547:
4542:
4536:
4532:
4531:
4523:
4520:
4508:
4504:
4498:
4495:
4489:
4486:
4474:
4470:
4464:
4461:
4449:
4445:
4439:
4436:
4424:
4420:
4414:
4411:
4407:
4402:
4400:
4396:
4383:
4379:
4373:
4370:
4366:
4362:
4359:
4354:
4351:
4339:
4335:
4329:
4326:
4314:
4310:
4303:
4300:
4296:
4295:Scott catalog
4291:
4288:
4275:
4271:
4265:
4262:
4249:
4245:
4239:
4236:
4223:
4219:
4213:
4210:
4205:
4201:
4200:
4195:
4193:
4184:
4181:
4178:
4174:
4173:
4167:
4164:
4153:
4152:
4144:
4141:
4128:
4124:
4118:
4115:
4102:
4096:
4094:
4090:
4077:
4071:
4068:
4065:
4059:
4056:
4052:
4047:
4044:
4032:
4031:
4024:
4021:
4018:, pp. 302–303
4017:
4011:
4008:
4002:
3999:
3987:
3986:
3979:
3976:
3972:
3966:
3963:
3957:
3954:
3949:
3945:
3941:
3937:
3933:
3929:
3925:
3921:
3917:
3910:
3907:
3894:
3890:
3886:
3879:
3876:
3863:
3859:
3855:
3851:
3845:
3842:
3838:
3834:
3828:
3825:
3821:
3815:
3812:
3807:
3803:
3799:
3795:
3791:
3787:
3783:
3779:
3773:
3770:
3757:
3753:
3747:
3744:
3731:
3727:
3721:
3718:
3714:
3708:
3705:
3701:
3695:
3692:
3680:
3676:
3669:
3666:
3662:
3658:
3654:
3649:
3644:
3641:
3635:
3632:
3628:
3624:
3621:
3616:
3613:
3609:
3603:
3600:
3588:
3584:
3583:"S.S. Brazil"
3577:
3574:
3567:
3564:
3550:
3549:
3540:
3537:
3524:
3523:
3515:
3513:
3509:
3497:
3493:
3487:
3484:
3473:
3472:
3465:
3462:
3449:
3448:
3441:
3438:
3433:
3431:1-84212-123-5
3427:
3423:
3416:
3413:
3409:
3403:
3400:
3396:
3390:
3387:
3384:Plaskin, 195.
3381:
3379:
3375:
3370:
3363:
3360:
3356:
3352:
3351:
3344:
3341:
3337:
3333:
3328:
3325:
3320:
3316:
3312:
3305:
3302:
3298:
3292:
3289:
3283:
3280:
3276:
3272:
3271:
3264:
3261:
3256:
3254:0-8014-9430-3
3250:
3246:
3239:
3236:
3232:
3226:
3223:
3219:
3213:
3210:
3205:
3198:
3195:
3192:
3191:
3186:
3181:
3178:
3173:
3171:0-306-80137-X
3167:
3163:
3156:
3153:
3146:
3141:
3137:
3133:
3129:
3126:
3122:
3120:
3116:
3112:
3108:
3104:
3103:
3098:
3095:
3092:
3089:
3085:
3084:
3080:
3078:
3076:
3075:Milton Katims
3072:
3068:
3064:
3060:
3057:music critic
3056:
3052:
3048:
3047:
3039:
3036:
3034:
3032:
3028:
3023:
3020:
3017:In 1986, the
3015:
3013:
3009:
3005:
3001:
2993:
2991:
2989:
2984:
2982:
2973:
2969:
2963:
2956:
2954:
2949:
2946:
2942:
2937:
2935:
2931:
2930:
2925:
2924:
2919:
2915:
2911:
2910:
2905:
2904:
2899:
2895:
2894:Zoltán Kodály
2891:
2887:
2883:
2878:
2876:
2872:
2868:
2864:
2860:
2855:
2846:
2842:
2840:
2839:Aaron Copland
2835:
2834:Peter Gutmann
2831:
2827:
2826:
2816:
2814:
2812:
2808:
2804:
2802:
2798:
2794:
2790:
2789:
2784:
2779:
2777:
2772:
2771:
2766:
2764:
2760:
2759:Academy Award
2756:
2752:
2747:
2745:
2741:
2737:
2733:
2729:
2728:
2724:
2720:
2716:
2712:
2708:
2707:
2702:
2694:
2692:
2690:
2686:
2681:
2680:high fidelity
2677:
2672:
2668:
2666:
2665:
2664:Pines of Rome
2660:
2656:
2652:
2651:
2646:
2642:
2641:
2636:
2632:
2631:
2626:
2622:
2618:
2613:
2611:
2610:
2605:
2604:
2599:
2598:
2593:
2592:
2587:
2586:
2581:
2577:
2576:
2571:
2567:
2566:Carnegie Hall
2562:
2560:
2555:
2554:
2548:
2546:
2542:
2538:
2534:
2530:
2526:
2522:
2518:
2514:
2509:
2507:
2503:
2502:
2497:
2493:
2489:
2488:
2483:
2482:
2477:
2476:
2471:
2470:
2465:
2464:
2459:
2454:
2452:
2448:
2444:
2440:
2436:
2432:
2428:
2420:
2418:
2416:
2415:
2410:
2404:
2400:
2398:
2397:
2392:
2388:
2387:Rudolf Serkin
2384:
2379:
2376:
2372:
2368:
2364:
2363:
2358:
2354:
2350:
2346:
2341:
2338:
2337:
2328:
2326:
2324:
2320:
2312:
2310:
2307:
2303:
2299:
2295:
2287:
2282:
2275:
2270:
2269:
2268:Khovanshchina
2265:, Prelude to
2264:
2261:
2258:
2254:
2250:
2249:
2244:
2243:
2238:
2235:
2232:
2229:
2226:
2222:
2219:
2216:
2213:
2210:
2207:
2204:
2201:
2198:
2197:
2193:, Suite from
2192:
2189:
2186:
2182:
2179:
2178:
2177:
2171:
2166:
2162:
2161:
2156:
2153:
2150:
2149:
2144:
2141:
2137:
2133:
2132:
2127:
2124:
2120:
2119:
2114:
2111:
2110:
2105:
2102:
2101:
2096:
2093:
2090:
2086:
2082:
2079:
2076:
2072:
2069:
2066:
2065:Maurice Ravel
2062:
2061:
2056:
2053:
2051:; poor sound)
2050:
2046:
2045:
2040:
2037:
2034:
2033:
2028:
2025:
2022:
2019:Mendelssohn,
2018:
2015:
2011:
2008:
2005:
2001:
1998:
1994:
1991:
1988:
1987:
1982:
1979:
1976:
1972:
1968:
1965:
1962:
1958:
1955:
1952:
1948:
1945:
1941:
1938:
1935:
1934:
1929:
1926:
1923:
1919:
1916:
1912:
1909:
1905:
1901:
1898:
1894:
1891:
1887:
1884:
1883:
1882:
1880:
1871:
1870:
1866:
1862:
1859:
1849:
1844:
1838:
1836:
1834:
1830:
1825:
1823:
1819:
1815:
1810:
1805:
1801:
1797:
1793:
1789:
1756:
1754:
1749:
1748:magnetic tape
1741:
1739:
1737:
1732:
1731:surface noise
1728:
1724:
1720:
1711:
1709:
1707:
1698:
1696:
1692:
1688:
1684:
1680:
1676:
1672:
1668:
1664:
1656:
1654:
1651:
1647:
1643:
1639:
1635:
1631:
1626:
1622:
1618:
1614:
1610:
1606:
1605:Carnegie Hall
1602:
1598:
1590:
1587:
1579:
1574:
1570:
1569:Western Suite
1567:
1564:
1560:
1556:
1553:
1549:
1548:Samuel Barber
1545:
1541:
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1399:
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1390:
1387:
1384:
1381:
1378:
1374:
1373:Forza d'Amore
1371:
1368:
1364:
1361:
1358:
1355:
1352:
1349:
1346:
1343:
1340:
1336:
1332:
1329:
1326:
1322:
1318:
1315:
1314:
1310:
1308:
1307:
1305:
1300:
1299:Samuel Barber
1296:
1292:
1288:
1287:
1286:Boris Godunov
1282:
1281:
1276:
1275:
1270:
1269:
1264:
1263:
1258:
1257:
1252:
1251:
1246:
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1199:
1196:
1187:
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1171:
1169:
1168:
1162:
1158:
1154:
1149:
1147:
1143:
1139:
1135:
1126:
1120:Personal life
1119:
1117:
1115:
1110:
1108:
1104:
1100:
1096:
1092:
1087:
1085:
1084:
1079:
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1065:
1061:
1057:
1049:
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1036:
1029:
1027:
1024:
1020:
1019:
1014:
1013:
1008:
1007:
1002:
1001:
996:
995:
990:
989:
984:
983:
977:
975:
974:
969:
965:
961:
957:
953:
938:
934:
931:
927:
926:
925:cause célèbre
919:
917:
911:
909:
905:
901:
897:
892:
889:
884:
883:
878:
874:
869:
867:
866:Howard Hanson
863:
859:
858:Abram Chasins
855:
852:
848:
847:
842:
841:
836:
832:
829:with pianist
828:
827:
822:
821:Benny Goodman
818:
814:
813:
809:; Gershwin's
808:
807:
802:
798:
794:
793:
788:
784:
780:
779:
774:
773:
768:
767:Samuel Barber
763:
761:
757:
753:
747:
745:
741:
737:
736:
731:
730:Carnegie Hall
727:
723:
719:
715:
711:
707:
703:
699:
698:David Sarnoff
690:
683:
681:
679:
675:
671:
667:
663:
659:
655:
651:
646:
644:
643:
638:
637:March on Rome
634:
626:
624:
622:
618:
614:
610:
606:
602:
601:Enrico Caruso
597:
595:
591:
587:
583:
579:
575:
571:
567:
563:
559:
555:
550:
548:
543:
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534:
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389:
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265:
257:
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250:3; including
249:
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184:
171:
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154:
149:
142:
133:
130:
122:
111:
108:
104:
101:
97:
94:
90:
87:
83:
80: –
79:
75:
74:Find sources:
68:
64:
58:
57:
52:This article
50:
46:
41:
40:
37:
33:
19:
6667:Richard Mohr
6653:Edward Lewis
6646:Walter Legge
6613:John Culshaw
6512:Jordi Savall
6428:Gidon Kremer
6386:James Galway
6365:Pablo Casals
6358:Julian Bream
6351:Dennis Brain
6247:Dinu Lipatti
6122:Keyboardists
5888:Maria Callas
5846:Thomas Allen
5828:Bruno Walter
5815:
5802:George Szell
5776:Fritz Reiner
5764:Simon Rattle
5701:James Levine
5567:Adrian Boult
5434:Alan Gilbert
5428:Lorin Maazel
5404:George Szell
5380:Bruno Walter
5361:
5221:
5214:
5194:(son-in-law)
5153:Shostakovich
5128:US premieres
5115:Feste romane
5113:
5099:
5092:
5058:
5044:
5037:
5030:
5016:
5001:
4982:
4934:
4908:
4817:
4813:
4803:
4796:. New York:
4793:
4782:
4772:
4765:
4758:
4751:
4741:
4734:
4719:
4701:
4694:
4682:
4672:
4668:
4664:
4657:
4653:
4649:
4639:
4632:
4609:
4601:
4593:
4590:Mosco Carner
4585:
4577:
4557:
4549:
4529:
4522:
4510:. Retrieved
4506:
4497:
4488:
4476:. Retrieved
4472:
4463:
4451:. Retrieved
4447:
4438:
4426:. Retrieved
4422:
4413:
4406:Taubman 1951
4388:November 24,
4386:. Retrieved
4381:
4372:
4353:
4341:. Retrieved
4337:
4328:
4316:. Retrieved
4312:
4302:
4290:
4278:. Retrieved
4274:the original
4264:
4252:. Retrieved
4248:the original
4238:
4226:. Retrieved
4222:the original
4212:
4204:the original
4197:
4191:
4183:
4171:
4166:
4155:, retrieved
4150:
4143:
4131:. Retrieved
4127:the original
4117:
4105:. Retrieved
4080:. Retrieved
4070:
4063:
4058:
4050:
4046:
4035:, retrieved
4029:
4023:
4015:
4010:
4001:
3990:, retrieved
3984:
3978:
3970:
3965:
3956:
3923:
3919:
3909:
3897:. Retrieved
3893:the original
3888:
3878:
3866:. Retrieved
3862:the original
3857:
3844:
3836:
3827:
3819:
3814:
3789:
3785:
3781:
3772:
3760:. Retrieved
3756:the original
3746:
3734:. Retrieved
3729:
3720:
3712:
3707:
3699:
3694:
3682:. Retrieved
3678:
3668:
3656:
3643:
3634:
3615:
3607:
3602:
3590:. Retrieved
3586:
3576:
3566:
3554:. Retrieved
3547:
3539:
3527:. Retrieved
3521:
3499:. Retrieved
3495:
3486:
3475:, retrieved
3470:
3464:
3452:. Retrieved
3446:
3440:
3421:
3415:
3407:
3402:
3394:
3389:
3368:
3362:
3354:
3348:
3343:
3331:
3327:
3319:the original
3314:
3304:
3296:
3291:
3282:
3274:
3268:
3263:
3244:
3238:
3230:
3225:
3217:
3212:
3203:
3197:
3189:
3184:
3180:
3161:
3155:
3142:'s dancing."
3136:Grand Canyon
3124:
3100:
3067:George Szell
3054:
3050:
3044:
3042:
3037:
3031:Rose Bampton
3024:
3016:
2999:
2997:
2985:
2980:
2977:
2967:
2958:
2950:
2938:
2927:
2921:
2907:
2901:
2879:
2874:
2866:
2863:B. H. Haggin
2859:Harvey Sachs
2851:
2823:
2820:
2805:
2791:), starring
2786:
2782:
2780:
2775:
2768:
2767:
2754:
2750:
2748:
2725:
2721:and Verdi's
2718:
2704:
2698:
2673:
2669:
2662:
2650:William Tell
2648:
2638:
2628:
2620:
2614:
2607:
2601:
2595:
2589:
2583:
2578:and Brahms'
2573:
2563:
2551:
2549:
2544:
2540:
2524:
2520:
2510:
2506:Rachmaninoff
2499:
2485:
2479:
2473:
2467:
2461:
2455:
2430:
2424:
2412:
2405:
2401:
2394:
2380:
2374:
2360:
2348:
2342:
2334:
2332:
2322:
2318:
2316:
2297:
2290:
2266:
2246:
2240:
2194:
2184:
2183:Overture to
2175:
2158:
2146:
2129:
2116:
2107:
2098:
2058:
2042:
2030:
2003:
1984:
1975:Walter Legge
1931:
1879:NBC Symphony
1876:
1868:
1828:
1826:
1821:
1817:
1803:
1799:
1791:
1787:
1757:
1745:
1715:
1704:
1660:
1650:EMI Classics
1646:RCA Red Seal
1634:compact disc
1594:
1568:
1557:Overture to
1543:
1537:
1522:
1516:
1508:
1502:
1496:
1487:Arrigo Boito
1482:
1472:
1462:
1456:
1446:
1436:
1430:
1420:
1410:
1400:
1394:
1388:
1382:
1372:
1362:
1356:
1350:
1344:
1330:
1316:
1302:
1284:
1278:
1272:
1266:
1260:
1254:
1248:
1242:
1238:
1228:
1222:
1216:
1210:
1208:
1200:
1195:Harvey Sachs
1191:
1179:
1172:
1165:
1150:
1142:Buenos Aires
1131:
1111:
1106:
1102:
1098:
1094:
1088:
1081:
1078:Leyla Gencer
1073:
1067:
1053:
1037:
1033:
1022:
1016:
1010:
1004:
998:
992:
986:
980:
978:
971:
955:
951:
949:
929:
923:
920:
912:
893:
881:
870:
844:
838:
831:Oscar Levant
824:
810:
804:
790:
776:
770:
764:
755:
748:
743:
733:
695:
678:surveillance
674:phone tapped
661:
653:
647:
640:
630:
598:
551:
537:
532:
519:
480:
470:
463:
451:
447:
444:Arrigo Boito
437:
427:
419:
405:
393:
381:
375:
364:
263:
262:
199:(1957-01-16)
162: 1930s
125:
116:
106:
99:
92:
85:
73:
61:Please help
56:verification
53:
36:
6752:1957 deaths
6747:1867 births
6172:Glenn Gould
6165:Emil Gilels
6105:Bryn Terfel
6028:Emma Kirkby
5993:Hans Hotter
5860:Janet Baker
5783:Georg Solti
5722:Zubin Mehta
5600:Colin Davis
5416:Zubin Mehta
5320:Anton Seidl
5218:(1944 film)
5012:Leoncavallo
4854:NPR special
4107:November 1,
4082:November 1,
3899:October 21,
3868:October 21,
3762:November 7,
2981:La Traviata
2873:(author of
2854:revisionist
2591:Die Walküre
2487:Die Walküre
2435:Herva Nelli
2371:Mendelssohn
2242:Mefistofele
2203:Mendelssohn
2081:Tchaikovsky
2010:Mendelssohn
1920:Beethoven,
1913:Beethoven,
1902:Beethoven,
1895:Beethoven,
1657:Specialties
1644:. In 2012,
1517:Fra Gherado
1401:Le Maschere
1188:Innovations
1091:Herva Nelli
1058:section of
994:La Traviata
945: 1950
940:Toscanini,
877:ocean liner
797:Ferde Grofé
740:Zubin Mehta
670:Blackshirts
495:Tchaikovsky
477:Leoncavallo
361:Early years
157:Toscanini,
6741:Categories
5972:Tito Gobbi
5505:Conductors
5422:Kurt Masur
5188:(daughter)
5136:Kabalevsky
4938:1921–1929
4915:1898–1908
4818:Commentary
4781:, editor.
4358:Klassi.net
3730:Desert Sun
3684:October 9,
3147:References
3081:Quotations
2970:(1951) by
2953:metronomic
2948:believed.
2941:Studio 8-H
2932:, and the
2740:Jan Peerce
2685:Ben Grauer
2676:laser disc
2621:Rédemption
2545:Tannhäuser
2469:Tannhäuser
2451:kinescopes
2421:Television
2263:Mussorgsky
2191:Stravinsky
2055:Mussorgsky
1609:RCA Victor
1383:La Camargo
1357:Emma Liona
1138:diphtheria
1030:Last years
789:' and the
752:RCA Victor
662:Giovinezza
642:Giovinezza
609:Ezio Pinza
582:Hans Lange
578:Alexandria
453:allargando
213:Occupation
207:, New York
175:1867-03-25
89:newspapers
6731:Biography
6673:Ted Perry
6536:Ensembles
6254:Radu Lupu
6240:Lang Lang
5553:Karl Böhm
5326:Emil Paur
5032:La bohème
5018:Pagliacci
4804:Toscanini
4752:Toscanini
4695:Toscanini
4683:Toscanini
4602:Toscanini
4512:March 17,
4478:March 17,
4453:March 17,
4428:March 17,
4343:March 17,
4318:March 17,
4280:March 17,
4254:March 17,
4228:March 17,
4157:March 17,
4133:March 17,
4064:Toscanini
4037:March 17,
4016:Toscanini
3992:March 17,
3940:0027-4666
3889:Telegraph
3858:Telegraph
3808:. Online.
3806:0736-0053
3780:(1984). "
3736:March 17,
3501:March 17,
3477:March 17,
3408:Toscanini
3395:Toscanini
3162:Toscanini
3115:Mussolini
3043:In 1967,
2986:The song
2945:acoustics
2912:, two of
2903:Petrushka
2738:". Tenor
2640:Nocturnes
2597:Lohengrin
2585:Siegfried
2575:Euryanthe
2475:Siegfried
2463:Lohengrin
2447:simulcast
2433:starring
2391:Beethoven
2306:kinescope
2181:Meyerbeer
2136:Red Cross
2131:Rigoletto
2089:War Bonds
2032:La bohème
1886:Beethoven
1863:with the
1663:Beethoven
1437:Cassandra
1363:La bohème
1331:Pagliacci
1268:Euryanthe
1244:Siegfried
1218:La bohème
1212:Pagliacci
1205:Premieres
1175:Wave Hill
1116:in 1987.
1060:the Bronx
1056:Riverdale
988:La bohème
817:Earl Wild
566:Jerusalem
533:Lusitania
482:Pagliacci
472:La bohème
356:Biography
216:Conductor
18:Toscanini
6435:Yo-Yo Ma
5109:Respighi
5046:Turandot
4911:La Scala
4835:AllMusic
4792:(1951).
4596:, 1974;
4361:Archived
3782:Turandot
3623:Archived
3556:July 25,
3529:July 25,
3454:July 25,
3233:, p. 819
3220:, p. 149
3125:Turandot
3107:Napoleon
2965:—
2906:and his
2742:and the
2659:Respighi
2625:Sibelius
2367:Sibelius
2294:La Scala
2253:La Scala
2231:Schumann
2172:Rarities
2118:Falstaff
2071:Schubert
1959:Brahms,
1949:Brahms,
1804:Pastoral
1719:Petrillo
1638:La Scala
1591:Overview
1510:Turandot
1421:Germania
1239:Turandot
1230:Turandot
1103:Falstaff
1069:Turandot
1012:Falstaff
880:SS
873:New York
562:Tel Aviv
547:Bayreuth
487:Schubert
429:La Wally
424:La Scala
342:La Scala
329:Italian:
247:Children
6693:Portals
5838:Singers
5202:Related
5026:Puccini
4884:at the
4875:of the
4871:in the
4864:itself.
4594:Puccini
4297:# 2411.
3648:Taubman
3620:MOG.com
3592:May 21,
3406:Sachs,
3393:Sachs,
3113:, some
3109:, some
2734:" and "
2723:cantata
2703:titled
2645:Rossini
2635:Debussy
2630:En saga
2298:Requiem
2185:Dinorah
2163:(1937,
2145:Verdi,
2128:Verdi,
2121:(1937,
2115:Verdi,
2106:Verdi,
2100:Requiem
2047:(1937,
2027:Puccini
1981:Debussy
1928:Berlioz
1906:(1936,
1829:Requiem
1781:⁄
1767:⁄
1695:Puccini
1683:Rossini
1679:Debussy
1413:by Don
1351:Savitri
1083:Requiem
1050:in 2015
982:Fidelio
875:on the
801:Copland
658:Bologna
467:Puccini
448:Te Deum
241:
233:
229:
103:scholar
5448:(2026)
5442:(2018)
5436:(2009)
5430:(2002)
5424:(1991)
5418:(1978)
5412:(1971)
5406:(1969)
5400:(1958)
5394:(1949)
5388:(1949)
5382:(1947)
5376:(1943)
5370:(1936)
5364:(1928)
5358:(1922)
5352:(1911)
5346:(1909)
5340:(1906)
5334:(1902)
5328:(1898)
5322:(1891)
5316:(1878)
5310:(1877)
5304:(1876)
5298:(1855)
5292:(1848)
5286:(1842)
5173:Family
5088:Barber
5060:Nerone
5003:Otello
4726:
4689:
4570:
4537:
3948:955185
3946:
3938:
3804:
3653:Haggin
3428:
3410:, 211.
3397:, 154.
3275:Otello
3270:Otello
3251:
3168:
3111:Hitler
3102:Eroica
2994:Legacy
2960:canto.
2657:, and
2617:Franck
2537:Dvořák
2529:Mozart
2513:Brahms
2458:Wagner
2409:Dvořák
2383:Mozart
2345:Brahms
2271:(1953)
2248:Nerone
2155:Wagner
2148:Otello
2039:Mozart
1999:(1953)
1993:Dvořák
1986:La mer
1967:Brahms
1946:(1941)
1940:Brahms
1671:Wagner
1667:Brahms
1483:Nerone
1447:Gloria
1431:Oceana
1265:, and
1256:Salome
1235:Alfano
1134:Walter
1095:Otello
1000:Otello
882:Brazil
864:, and
851:Soviet
499:Wagner
497:, and
491:Brahms
439:Otello
252:Walter
221:Spouse
105:
98:
91:
84:
76:
6719:Opera
5182:(son)
5054:Boito
4997:Verdi
3944:JSTOR
3661:Marek
2570:Weber
2496:Weber
2353:Haydn
2257:Boito
2237:Boito
2095:Verdi
1753:Ninth
1746:When
1691:Boito
1687:Verdi
1524:Il re
1389:Anton
1339:Milan
1325:Turin
1317:Edmea
1146:Wanda
710:Milan
574:Cairo
570:Haifa
560:) in
434:Verdi
420:Edmea
412:Turin
367:Parma
235:(
231:
183:Parma
110:JSTOR
96:books
4724:ISBN
4687:ISBN
4656:and
4568:ISBN
4535:ISBN
4514:2023
4480:2023
4455:2023
4430:2023
4390:2023
4345:2023
4320:2023
4282:2023
4256:2023
4230:2023
4177:IMDb
4159:2023
4135:2023
4109:2012
4084:2012
4051:Time
4039:2023
3994:2023
3936:ISSN
3901:2014
3870:2014
3820:LIFE
3802:ISSN
3764:2019
3738:2023
3686:2015
3594:2013
3558:2012
3531:2012
3503:2023
3479:2023
3456:2012
3426:ISBN
3355:Time
3350:Time
3332:Time
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