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94:. The locomotive at the front operates at full traction power, while the locomotive at the rear operates at half power, the other half powering lighting and air conditioning, etc. This power arrangement is needed to cater with steep 1 in 40 (2.5%, or 25
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Top and tail operation is also used for ballast trains which have to move up and down a line undergoing track maintenance. It is safer to drive these trains from the front when operating in "reverse".
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Occasionally a short XPT train operates with only one engine and fewer carriages, in which case the whole train must be turned on a
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at both ends, for ease of changing direction, especially where the terminal station has no
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is a train with a light weight locomotive at either end. It is based on the
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locomotive is used; any other engines run "dead-in-train".
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71:calls this by a different term.
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67:are top-and-tailed, although
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139:. Charlesbridge Publishing.
173:. www.sa-trackandsignal.net
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