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skill. "/" represents a straight position, "<" represents a pike position, and "Îż" represents a tuck position. For example, 42/ is a back somersault with a full twist in the straight position, 800Îż is a double back somersault with no twists in the tuck position, and 821/ is a double somersault that has a full twist in the first full somersault and a half twist in the second full somersault while remaining in a straight position.
678:(DD or tariff) is calculated by adding a factor for each half turn (or twist) or quarter somersault. Difficulty is important in a routine, however, there are differences in opinion between various coaches whether it is better to focus on increasing the difficulty of routines given that this usually results in a reduced form score or to focus on improving execution scores by displaying better form in an easier routine.
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516:. Ross pioneered the sport in Canada almost 30 years ago and has consistently produced Olympic and World Cup athletes and champions. Since trampolining became an Olympic sport, China has also made a very successful effort to develop world-class trampoline gymnasts, their first major success was in the 2007 Men's World Championship and later in both Men's and Women's gold medals and a bronze in the
36:
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a spotter pass, the athlete does a straight jump from the sloping end to the flat bed to gain height, then after landing on the flat, performs the first skill, then after landing on the flat a second time, performs a second skill as they dismount. These skills are similar to those performed on a regular trampoline except that there is forward movement along the trampoline.
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Tumbling gymnastics is a further discipline of gymnastics competed at national and international events, usually alongside trampoline events. Instead of a sprung trampoline, competitors do a single, long complex tumbling and somersaulting combination along a straight, sprung runway, leading to a high
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In 2017, the method of determining the horizontal displacement from the centre was changed, new markings were added to the bed and zones set up with deductions based on the distance from the centre of the trampoline bed. The score is determined by a deduction which is the sum of all the landing zone
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A double mini-trampoline competition consists of two types of pass. In the one, which is known as a mounter pass, the athlete performs one skill in the jump from the sloping end to the flat bed and a second skill as they dismount from the flat bed to the landing mat. In the second, which is known as
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synchronization. Fewer points are deducted for lack of synchronization if the pair are bouncing at the same height at the same time. The degree of difficulty of the routine is determined in the same way as for individual trampoline routines and the points added to the score to determine the winner.
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were held in colleges and schools in the US and then in Europe. In the early years of competition there was no defined format with performers often completing lengthy routines and even remounting if falling off partway through. Gradually competitions became more codified such that by the 1950s the
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Although trampoline competitors are highly trained, they are also attempting to perform complex manoeuvres which could lead to accidents and falls. Trampolines used in competitions have their springs covered in pads to reduce the chance of injury when landing off the bed. They also have padded end
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Sports Centre; these now run alongside the World
Championships. Blake also used the first WAG as an opportunity to organise a World Trampoline Safety Conference which was held in the Bloomsbury Hotel, London, in order to codify safety concerns. There is also a World Cup circuit of international
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and Paul Luxon of London was the winner at the age of 18. The ladies winner was Ute Czech from
Germany. From that time until 2010, European and World Championships have taken place in alternate years—the European in the odd and the World in the even. Now the World Championships are held annually.
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Trampoline skills can be written in FIG (Federation
Internationale de Gymnastique) shorthand. FIG shorthand consists of one digit signifying the number of quarter rotations, followed by digits representing the number of half twists in each somersault, and a symbol representing the position of the
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move consists of a take-off from the back followed by a tucked 1¼ front somersault combined with a ½ twist, to land on feet. Rotation around the dorso-ventral axis is also possible (producing side-somersaults and "turntables"), but these are not generally considered to be valid moves
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A routine must always start and finish on feet. In addition to the 10 contacts with the bed in a routine, competitors must start their routine within 60 seconds after presenting to the judges. They are also permitted up to one "out bounce", a straight jump to control their height at the end of a
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in 2006) also require 200mm thick mats on the floor for 2 metres around each trampoline and for there to be four spotters whose task it is to attempt to catch or reduce the impact of an athlete falling off the side of the trampoline bed. The floor matting rules are typically adopted by national
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In senior level competitions, a "Time of Flight" (ToF) score was added to the overall score from 2010. This benefits athletes who can maintain greater height during their routines. "Time of Flight" is the time spent in the air from the moment the athlete leaves the mat until the time they make
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In synchronized trampolining, two athletes perform exactly the same routine of ten skills at the same time on two adjacent trampolines. Each athlete is scored separately by a pair of judges for their form in the same manner as for individual competitions. Additional judges score the pair for
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A double mini trampoline is smaller than a regulation competition trampoline. It has a sloped end and a flat bed. The gymnasts run up and jump onto the sloping end and then jump onto the flat part before dismounting onto a mat. Skills are performed during the jumps or as they dismount.
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as the skill sets overlap. International competitions are run under the rules of FIG. Individual national gymnastics organizations can make local variations to the rules in matters such as the compulsory and optional routines and number of rounds for national and local competitions.
729:, 1999). The top competitors usually perform routines with a DD of 16.5 or greater. In 2009 Jason Burnett completed a training routine with a DD of 20.6 at Skyriders Trampoline Place in Canada. The women's world record DD is 16.20 by Samantha Smith (
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contact again and is measured with electronic timing equipment. The score given is the sum the time in seconds of all completed jumps. This is now mainly in all competitions, including Club, County and
Regional, as it is a key factor in judging.
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The routine is marked out of 10 by five judges with deductions for incomplete moves or poor form. Usually, the highest and lowest scores are discarded. Additional points can be added depending on the difficulty of the skills being performed. The
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A fourth 'shape', known as 'puck' because it appears to be a hybrid of pike and tuck, is often used in multiple twisting somersaults—it is typically used in place of a 'tuck' and in the competition would normally be judged as an open tuck shape.
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have often dominated the sport. Germany and France have been the other strong nations in trampolining and the first four ranking places in World
Trampolining used to go to USSR, France, Britain and Germany. In recent years,
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The routines are performed on a standard 14-foot-by-7-foot regulation-sized trampoline with a central marker. Each routine consists of the athlete performing ten different skills starting and finishing on the feet.
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Rotation is performed about the body's longitudinal and lateral axes, producing twists and somersaults respectively. Twists are done in multiples of a half and somersaults in multiples of a quarter. For example, a
318:, trampolining was quickly introduced into school physical education programs and was also used in private entertainment centers. Elsewhere in the world the sport was most strongly adopted in Europe and the former
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The form and difficulty are judged in a similar manner as for trampolining but there are additional deductions for failing to land cleanly (without stepping) or landing outside a designated area on the mat.
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At first the
Americans were successful at World Championship level, but soon European competitors began to dominate the sport and for a number of years, athletes from countries that made up the former
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Competitive trampolining routines consist of combinations of 10 contacts with the trampoline bed combining varying rotations, twists and shapes with take-off and landing in one of four positions:
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observed trapeze artistes performing tricks when bouncing off the safety net. He made the first modern trampoline in his garage to reproduce this on a smaller scale and used it to help with his
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routine, before sticking the landing. The trampolinist must stop completely—this means that the bed must stop moving as well—and they have to hold still for a count of 3 seconds before moving.
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1067:"Gymnastics injury incidence during the 2008, 2012 and 2016 Olympic Games: analysis of prospectively collected surveillance data from 963 registered gymnasts during Olympic Games"
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and twists. Scoring is based on the difficulty and on the total seconds spent in the air. Points are deducted for bad form and horizontal displacement from the center of the bed.
311:. He used the trampoline to entertain audiences and also let them participate in his demonstrations as part of his marketing strategy. This was the beginning of a new sport.
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Outside of the
Olympics, competitions are referred to as gym sport, trampoline gymnastics, or gymnastics, which includes the events of trampoline, synchronised trampoline,
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A straddle or straddled pike is a variant of a pike with arms and legs spread wide and is only recognized as a move as a shaped jump and not in any somersault moves.
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The currently accepted basic format for individual trampoline competitions usually consists of two or three routines, one of which may involve a compulsory set of
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deductions subtracted from 10. The displacement is measured electronically where the equipment is available, or else by two judges observing the landing zones.
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264:. In competition, these can include simple jumps in the straight, pike, tuck, or straddle position to more complex combinations of forward and/or backward
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Soon after the first World
Championships, an inaugural meeting of prominent trampolinists was held in Frankfurt to explore the formation of an
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decks, which are the locations that athletes are most likely to fall off the trampoline. The rules for international competitions (updated by
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Among
Olympic athletes at the 2008, 2012, and 2016 games, the injury rate for trampoline gymnasts was about half that for artistic gymnasts.
693:(DD) performed plus the total Time of Flight (ToF) minus standardized deductions for poor form and mistakes and the horizontal displacement.
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competitions which involves a number of competitions every year. There are also international matches between teams from several countries.
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733:). The top women competitors usually compete routines with a DD greater than 14.50. The women's synchronised trampoline pair of
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Trampoline
Gymnastics (TRA): Competitive exercises performed on the Trampoline, Double Mini-Trampoline and Tumbling
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Edouard, Pascal; Steffen, Kathrin; Junge, Astrid; Leglise, Michel; Soligard, Torbjørn; Engebretsen, Lars (2018).
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has also produced Olympic medalists and World champions due in large part to contributions made to the sport by
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also of Canada completed a new world record DD of 14.20 at the same April 2, 2007, Lake Placid World Cup.
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the requirement for National & Regional competition is still 2m but only of 20–25mm matting.
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721:, Trampoline World Cup. Burnett beat the twenty-year-old record of 17.00 by Igor Gelimbatovsky (
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Patel, Tejal Sarika; McGregor, Alex; Williams, Karen; Cumming, Sean P.; Williams, Sean (2021).
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1018:"The influence of growth and training loads on injury risk in competitive trampoline gymnasts"
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As part of the agreement to merge FIT with FIG, individual trampolining was accepted into the
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Programme cover from first World Championships showing Rob Walker outside Houses of Parliament
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final somersault onto a landing mat. The skills involved are very similar to those used in
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pioneers and the first ever televised National Championships were held in England in 1958.
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In competitions, moves must usually be performed in one of the following 3 basic shapes:
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in 1999. FIG is now the international governing body for the sport which is paired with
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activities. He formed a company to build trampolines for sale and used a variant of the
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927:"17.50 pt new world record by Jason Burnett in the finals of the Lake Placid World Cup"
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Teenage trampoline athletes are at higher risk of injury with higher training loads.
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of Nissen and held in London in 1964. The first World Champions were both American,
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body in a straight position with legs together, toes pointed, and arms by the sides
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sport in 2000, many more countries have started developing programs.
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10-bounce routine was the norm thereby paving the way for the first
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with hands touching close to feet and both arms and legs straight
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information booklet: David Allen, Brisbane, Queensland Australia.
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992:"YouTube video of Jason Burnett's 20.6 DD routine in training"
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The International Trampoline Federation became part of the
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within competitions and carry no 'tariff' for difficulty.
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on April 30, 2010, at the Pacific Rim Championships in
843:"Gymnastics NSW Trampoline Sports Technical Handbbok"
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60:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
1138:Everything about trampolining and acrobatic sports
953:"Analysis of the Difficulty of the 2006 Routines"
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649:. The skills consist of various combinations of
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701:The official world record DD for men at a
536:Female synchronized trampoline performance
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383:with knees clasped to the chest by hands
120:Learn how and when to remove this message
689:The total score is a combination of the
628:Fédération Internationale de Gymnastique
559:Double mini trampoline in a training gym
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157:Fédération Internationale de Gymnastique
907:. British Gymnastics' GymCraft magazine
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705:sanctioned event is 18.00, achieved by
614:event but has been held as part of the
460:and Judy Wills Cline. Kurt Baechler of
1123:Some original material extracted from
2059:International World Games Association
1539:International Gymnastics Hall of Fame
7:
58:adding citations to reliable sources
575:A double mini-trampoline competitor
477:International Trampoline Federation
144:Jumping on a competition trampoline
1143:Important Trampolining Safety Tips
1071:British Journal of Sports Medicine
821:"History of Trampoline Gymnastics"
443:The first individual trampolining
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1634:Sports of the World Games program
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852:. Gymnastics NSW. Archived from
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322:. Since trampolining became an
45:needs additional citations for
1:
1035:10.1080/02640414.2021.1948259
1544:Major achievements by nation
1083:10.1136/bjsports-2017-097972
783:"Technical Regulations 2018"
1534:Longines Prize for Elegance
884:. Brentwood Trampoline Club
792:. p. 8. Archived from
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2502:Summer Olympic disciplines
1570:Aesthetic group gymnastics
1022:Journal of Sports Sciences
725:, 1986) and Daniel Neale (
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256:in which athletes perform
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2054:Sports at the World Games
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1641:Artistic and dance sports
882:"History of Trampolining"
669:Computer-assisted scoring
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452:which were organised by
1648:Artistic roller skating
330:Basic landing positions
2492:Gymnastics disciplines
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551:Double mini trampoline
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273:double mini trampoline
207:Country or region
2466:Winter Olympic sports
2394:Greco-Roman wrestling
2106:Summer Olympic sports
951:Guillaume, Lefebvre.
937:on 27 September 2007.
925:Guillaume, Lefebvre.
719:Lake Placid, New York
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590:Tumbling (gymnastics)
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250:trampoline gymnastics
133:Trampoline gymnastics
18:Trampoline gymnastics
2405:Discretionary sports
1931:Past official sports
1910:Competition climbing
1893:Speed roller skating
1663:Acrobatic gymnastics
1494:South American Games
1227:Acrobatic gymnastics
963:on 27 September 2007
903:Kelly, Jack (2006).
715:Melbourne, Australia
691:degree of difficulty
676:degree of difficulty
640:Summer Olympic Games
468:of England were the
307:(diving board) as a
287:In the early 1930s,
260:while bouncing on a
166:United States, 1930s
54:improve this article
2389:Freestyle wrestling
2285:Rhythmic gymnastics
2280:Artistic gymnastics
2008:Invitational sports
1678:Rhythmic gymnastics
1582:Equestrian vaulting
1575:World Championships
1549:Nationality changes
1484:Mediterranean Games
1353:World Championships
1299:Rhythmic gymnastics
1237:Artistic gymnastics
739:Rosannagh Maclennan
610:Tumbling is not an
605:artistic gymnastics
450:World Championships
236: –
152:governing body
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1668:Aerobic gymnastics
1489:Pan American Games
1469:Commonwealth Games
1232:Aerobic gymnastics
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518:2008 Olympic Games
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336:Trampolining terms
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905:"Back to Basics"
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71: –
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65:Find sources:
59:
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43:This article
41:
37:
32:
31:
19:
2487:Trampolining
2458:
2347:Table tennis
2317:Rugby sevens
2290:Trampolining
2289:
2260:Field hockey
2248:Show jumping
2221:Road cycling
2194:Canoe sprint
2189:Canoe slalom
1978:Rugby sevens
1953:Bodybuilding
1920:Wakeboarding
1915:Water skiing
1888:Orienteering
1849:Trend sports
1835:Powerlifting
1761:Martial arts
1683:Trampolining
1682:
1433:Pan American
1326:Competitions
1308:synchronized
1303:
1280:Balance beam
1255:Pommel horse
1124:
1074:
1070:
1060:
1025:
1021:
1011:
999:. Retrieved
983:Ghostarchive
981:Archived at
977:
965:. Retrieved
961:the original
956:
935:the original
930:
920:
909:. Retrieved
898:
886:. Retrieved
861:. Retrieved
854:the original
849:
837:
825:. Retrieved
815:
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801:. Retrieved
794:the original
777:
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672:
655:
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609:
603:routines in
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528:Synchronized
505:Soviet Union
502:
490:
474:
445:competitions
442:
420:
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411:
408:
404:
365:
362:Basic shapes
356:
339:
320:Soviet Union
313:
304:
286:
270:
249:
246:Trampolining
245:
244:
116:
110:January 2020
107:
97:
90:
83:
76:
64:
52:Please help
47:verification
44:
1878:Flying disc
1873:Finswimming
1861:Parachuting
1742:Racquetball
1699:Ball sports
1499:Universiade
1459:Asian Games
1428:Pacific Rim
1382:World Games
1312:double mini
1285:Uneven bars
1251:Men's only
1220:disciplines
1125:Bounce 2000
863:18 November
651:somersaults
545:Double mini
462:Switzerland
458:Dan Millman
426:Competition
266:somersaults
229:World Games
2481:Categories
2367:Volleyball
2275:Gymnastics
2233:Equestrian
2206:BMX racing
2167:Basketball
2145:Water polo
1883:Lifesaving
1856:Air sports
1840:Tug of war
1778:Kickboxing
1711:Canoe polo
1658:Gymnastics
1653:Dancesport
1565:Acro dance
1479:Grand Prix
1304:Trampoline
1193:Acrobatics
1179:Gymnastics
1001:27 October
911:2007-11-19
888:27 October
827:27 October
803:2018-09-12
769:References
481:Twickenham
431:Individual
262:trampoline
258:acrobatics
80:newspapers
2459:See also:
2384:Wrestling
2362:Triathlon
2352:Taekwondo
2162:Badminton
2157:Athletics
1993:Triathlon
1988:Taekwondo
1938:Badminton
1721:Floorball
1464:CAC Games
1365:World Cup
1091:0306-3674
1052:235735032
584:Tumbling
514:Dave Ross
493:Ted Blake
491:In 1973,
466:Ted Blake
454:Ted Blake
396:Straight
309:trademark
305:trampolĂn
210:Worldwide
185:Mixed-sex
2441:Lacrosse
2421:Softball
2417:Baseball
2412:Breaking
2327:Shooting
2297:Handball
2265:Football
2243:Eventing
2238:Dressage
2184:Canoeing
2140:Swimming
2125:Artistic
2120:Aquatics
2025:Lacrosse
2015:Duathlon
1943:Baseball
1783:Muaythai
1768:Ju-jitsu
1747:Softball
1736:Lacrosse
1731:Korfball
1716:Fistball
1688:Tumbling
1418:European
1406:Rhythmic
1401:Artistic
1397:African
1375:Rhythmic
1370:Artistic
1316:Tumbling
1099:29032364
1044:34219613
985:and the
967:27 March
850:Handbook
632:tumbling
520:held in
470:European
297:tumbling
277:tumbling
202:Presence
150:Highest
2426:Cricket
2342:Surfing
2322:Sailing
2255:Fencing
2201:Cycling
2152:Archery
2000:(women)
1968:Netball
1958:Casting
1819:Bowling
1804:Archery
1738:(women)
1673:Parkour
1587:TeamGym
1294:Parkour
1118:Sources
1107:4016156
996:YouTube
661:Scoring
522:Beijing
380:Tucked
375:Method
324:Olympic
314:In the
301:Spanish
283:Origins
216:Olympic
176:Contact
94:scholar
2446:Squash
2436:Karate
2357:Tennis
2312:Rowing
2179:Boxing
2130:Diving
1773:Karate
1752:Squash
1314:) and
1310:, and
1186:Basics
1105:
1097:
1089:
1050:
1042:
745:Safety
711:Canada
647:skills
622:Format
510:Canada
388:Piked
372:Shape
293:diving
220:Since
96:
89:
82:
75:
67:
2036:Wushu
2027:(men)
1983:Sambo
1903:Track
1512:Lists
1447:Other
1413:Asian
1260:Rings
1247:Vault
1242:Floor
1103:S2CID
1048:S2CID
857:(PDF)
846:(PDF)
823:. FIG
797:(PDF)
786:(PDF)
601:vault
485:Paris
350:Front
303:word
101:JSTOR
87:books
2464:and
2302:Judo
2270:Golf
1898:Road
1788:Sumo
1095:PMID
1087:ISSN
1040:PMID
1003:2014
969:2007
890:2014
865:2013
829:2014
737:and
723:USSR
464:and
353:Back
347:Seat
344:Feet
295:and
275:and
238:2017
234:1981
222:2000
194:Type
73:news
2172:3x3
1528:WAG
1523:MAG
1334:FIG
1218:FIG
1208:Gym
1079:doi
1030:doi
790:FIG
752:FIG
731:CAN
727:GBR
709:of
703:FIG
599:or
248:or
189:Yes
56:by
2483::
2419:/
1101:.
1093:.
1085:.
1075:52
1073:.
1069:.
1046:.
1038:.
1026:39
1024:.
1020:.
994:.
989::
955:.
943:^
929:.
873:^
848:.
806:.
788:.
757:UK
279:.
179:No
2093:e
2086:t
2079:v
1626:e
1619:t
1612:v
1530:)
1521:(
1306:(
1171:e
1164:t
1157:v
1109:.
1081::
1054:.
1032::
1005:.
971:.
914:.
892:.
867:.
831:.
123:)
117:(
112:)
108:(
98:·
91:·
84:·
77:·
50:.
20:)
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