42:
1042:
1065:
most tragelaphines, females can be closely associated for several years. One to three females, along with their offspring, may form a group. Juvenile males leave their mothers when aged a year and a half, and may form pairs. However, at the age of 4-5 years, males prefer a solitary lifestyle and avoid one another, though four or five bulls may share the same home range. Lesser kudu do not usually associate with other animals, except when they feed in the same area.
360:, preferring to be active after dusk until the dawn hours, seeking shelter in dense thickets just after the sunrise. The lesser kudu exhibits no territorial behaviour, and fights are rare. While females are gregarious, adult males prefer being solitary. No fixed breeding season is seen; births may occur at any time of the year. The lesser kudu inhabits dry bushland regions, bordering on arid grasslands, as well as scrubland and light open forest habitat.
91:
66:
352:. Males and females both display a series of unique white markings and patches, including white lips, two small spots on both cheeks, a spot at the base of each ear, two spots between the eyes, white eyelids, a white throat patch, and a patch of white atop the chest. These markings may aid in camouflaging and hiding amidst shrubbery, as well as helping to cool specific areas of the body by being white.
2285:
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1004:
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grey colour—after about two years—and grow a pronounced “streak” of shaggy hair down the centre of their backs. Males retain the golden-brown color only on the shins, with the top of each thigh having a darker black band separating it from the grey body. The inner thighs are white. Males also have distinct black “masks” on their faces, with a black underside going up to the
2273:
2252:
1081:
A pure browser, the lesser kudu feeds on foliage from bushes and trees (shoots, twigs) and herbs. It also eats flowers and fruits if available, and takes small proportions of grasses, usually in the wet season. Despite seasonal and local variations, foliage from trees and shrubs constitutes 60-80% of
1032:
Horns are present only on males. The spiral horns are 50–70 cm (20–28 in) long, and have two to two-and-a-half twists. The base circumference is 156–171 cm (61–67 in). The slender horns are dark brown and tipped with white. Male young begin developing horns after 6-8 months, which
347:
are present only on males. The spiral horns are 50–70 cm (20–28 in) long, and have 2-2.5 complete twists. The lesser kudus have very distinctive physical markings; females and juveniles have a golden-brown coat, with white vertical stripes on their sides, while the males develop into a dark
342:
The lesser kudu’s nose-to-tail length is typically 110–140 cm (43–55 in). Males reach about 95–105 cm (37–41 in) at the shoulder, while females reach 90–100 cm (35–39 in). Males typically weigh 92–108 kg (203–238 lb) and females 56–70 kg (123–154 lb).
1064:
Lesser kudus are gregarious in nature, especially females. No distinct leader or any hierarchy is noted in the social structure; with no territorial behavior, fights are uncommon. While fighting, the lesser kudus interlock horns and try pushing one another. Mutual grooming is hardly observed. Unlike
1023:
coat, whereas the males become yellowish grey or darker after the age of 2 years. The male has a prominent black crest of hair on the neck, but this feature is not well-developed in the female. One long white stripe runs along the back, with 11–14 white stripes branching towards the sides. The chest
1226:
thornbush in semiarid areas of northeastern Africa. The animal avoids open areas and long grass, preferring shaded areas with short grasses instead. Found in woodlands and hilly areas, as well, the lesser kudu is generally found at altitudes below 1,200 m (3,900 ft); though they have been
1205:
in diets. The herd size, sex, interbreeding, and season did not play any role in juvenile mortality. The mother hides her calf while she goes out to feed, and returns mainly in the evening to suckle her young. She checks the calf's identity by sniffing its rump or neck. In the first month, suckling
1028:
is present between the eyes. The area around the lips is white, the throat has white patches, and two white spots appear on each side of the lower jaw. The underparts are completely white, while the slender legs are tawny and have black and white patches. The lesser kudu is characterised by large,
1164:
Both the males and females become sexually mature by the time they are a year and a half old. However, males actually mate after the age of four to five years. Males and females are most reproductive till the age of 14 and 14–18 years, respectively, with the maximum age of successful lactation in
1056:
so well in such dense vegetation that only its ears and tail can indicate its presence. The midday is spent in rest and rumination in shaded areas. The animal spends about equal time foraging, standing and lying, and roaming. As a thin tragelaphine, the lesser kudu can move readily through dense
1184:
The gestational period is 7-8 months, after which a single calf is born. A female about to give birth isolates herself from her group, and remains alone for some days afterward. The newborn calf weighs 4–7.5 kg (8.8–16.5 lb). Around 50% of the calves die within the first six months of
355:
A pure browser, the lesser kudu subsists off of foliage from tall bushes, trees (fresh branch shoots, twigs) and herbaceous perennial plants. Despite seasonal and local fluctuations, foliage from trees and shrubs constitutes 60–80% of their diet throughout the year. The lesser kudu is mainly
2183:
Guagnin M, Shipton C, el-Dossary S, et al. Rock art provides new evidence on the biogeography of kudu (Tragelaphus imberbis), wild dromedary, aurochs (Bos primigenius) and
African wild ass (Equus africanus) in the early and middle Holocene of north-western Arabia. J Biogeogr. 2018;00:1–14.
1282:(Ethiopia) southward through southern and eastern Ethiopia, and most parts of Somalia (except the north and the northeast) and Kenya (except the southwest). It also occurred in southeastern Sudan and northeastern and eastern parts of Uganda and Tanzania. Evidence for its existence in the
1011:
The lesser kudu is a spiral-horned antelope. The head-and-body length is typically between 110 and 140 cm (43 and 55 in). Males reach about 95–105 cm (37–41 in) at the shoulder, while females reach 90–100 cm (35–39 in). Males typically weigh 92–108 kg
403:
as recently as 1967, though its presence in the
Arabian Peninsula is still controversial. The total population of the lesser kudu has been estimated to be nearly 118,000, with a decreasing trend in populations. One-third of the populations survive in protected areas. Presently, the
223:
1322:
outbreaks, to which the lesser kudu is highly susceptible, have resulted in a steep decline of 60% in the animal's population in Tsavo
National Park in Kenya. Overgrazing, human settlement, and loss of habitat are some other threats to the survival of the lesser kudu.
1317:
The lesser kudu's shyness and its ability to camouflage itself in dense cover has protected it from the risks of poaching. For instance, the lesser kudu is widespread in the Ogaden region, which is rich in dense bush, despite reckless hunting by local people. However,
1181:, the male follows her closely, trying to rub his cheek on her rump, head, neck, and chest. He performs gasping movements with his lips. Finally, the male mounts the female, resting his head and neck on her back, in a similar way as other tragelaphines.
1131:
species, and does not stand on its hindlegs while feeding. The lesser kudu likewise does not have a great requirement for water, and can thrive in arid environments as it is able to extract sufficient moisture from
1326:
The total population of the lesser kudu has been estimated to be nearly 118,000, with a decreasing trend in populations. The rate of decline has increased to 20% over two decades. Presently, the
1057:
vegetation with ease. The lesser kudu is a shy and wary animal. When alarmed, the animal stands motionless. If it senses any approaching predator, it gives out a short sharp bark, similar to the
969:
around 13.7 million years ago. However, the nuclear data show that lesser kudu and nyala form a clade, and collectively separated from the sister clade 13.8 million years ago.
1193:), where 43% of the offspring from captive breeding died before reaching the age of six months, the major causes of high juvenile mortality were found to be the spread of
1024:
has a central black stripe, and no throat beard is present. A black stripe runs from each eye to the nose and a white one from each eye to the centre of the dark face. A
1012:(203–238 lb) and females 56–70 kg (123–154 lb). The bushy tail is 25–40 cm (9.8–15.7 in) long, white underneath and with a black tip at the end.
1764:
Hassanin, A.; Delsuc, F.; Ropiquet, A.; Hammer, C.; Jansen van Vuuren, B.; Matthee, C.; Ruiz-Garcia, M.; Catzeflis, F.; Areskoug, V.; Nguyen, T.T.; Couloux, A. (2012).
1650:
Willows-Munro, S.; Robinson, T. J.; Matthee, C. A. (June 2005). "Utility of nuclear DNA intron markers at lower taxonomic levels: Phylogenetic resolution among nine
6884:
7016:
1125:. The lesser kudu and the gerenuk might compete for evergreen species in the dry season. However, unlike the long-necked gerenuk, the lesser kudu rarely consumes
405:
6949:
1029:
rounded ears. Its tracks are similar to the greater kudu's. Females have four teats. The average lifespan is 10 years in the wild, and 15 years in captivity.
1358:
and game reserves (Tanzania), though it occurs in larger numbers outside these areas. Population density rarely exceeds 1/km., and is generally much lower.
1766:"Pattern and timing of diversification of Cetartiodactyla (Mammalia, Laurasiatheria), as revealed by a comprehensive analysis of mitochondrial genomes"
869:
comes from the Latin term meaning unbearded, referring to this kudu's lack of mane. The vernacular name kudu (or koodoo) may have originated from the
918:
on the grounds that this species is part of the earliest-diverging lineage of its tribe, having split from the main lineage before it separated into
6858:
2081:
1061:'s, then makes multiple leaps up to 2 m (6.6 ft) high with an upraised tail. If captured by the predator, the victim gives a loud bleat.
6897:
2319:
2289:
1634:
1486:
2011:
Mitchell, A. W. (September 1977). "Preliminary observations on the daytime activity patterns of lesser kudu in Tsavo
National Park, Kenya".
1698:
7031:
7071:
7066:
1546:
1978:
1805:
Benirschke, K.; Ruedi, D.; Muller, H.; Kumamoto, A.T.; Wagner, K.L.; Downes, H.S. (1980). "The unusual karyotype of the lesser kudu,
1052:
The lesser kudu is mainly active at night and during the dawn, and seeks shelter in dense thickets just after the sunrise. It can
6923:
1114:
species) are directly plucked from trees. The size and structure of its stomach also suggests its primary dependence on browse.
7051:
1302:
6941:
2277:
2231:
2206:
2168:
1959:
1880:
1765:
1478:
6902:
7026:
2671:
823:
Phylogenetic relationships of the mountain nyala from combined analysis of all molecular data (Willows-Munro et.al. 2005)
7056:
7036:
3460:
1177:
male tests the urine of any female he encounters, to which the female responds by urinating. Having located a female in
1174:
1206:
may occur for 8 minutes. The mother and calf communicate with low bleats. She licks her offspring, particularly in the
7046:
6936:
6819:
2080:
Besselmann, D.; Schaub, D.; Wenker, C.; Völlm, J.; Robert, N.; Schelling, C.; Steinmetz, H.; Clauss, M. (March 2008).
930:
1019:
are seen in the antelope. The male is considerably larger than the female. The females, as well as juveniles, have a
90:
1472:
7061:
2740:
2312:
7076:
7041:
6954:
5717:
2662:
2653:
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1046:
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1347:
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females being 13–14 years. With no fixed breeding season, births may occur at any time of the year. A study at
5504:
41:
6153:
5666:
5546:
3442:
3102:
2583:
1622:
911:
300:), along with several other related species of striped, spiral-horned African bovids, including the related
6746:
3204:
2910:
2829:
2124:
842:
329:
6824:
6988:
3609:
2838:
2722:
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954:
195:
6354:
5384:
1918:
7021:
6845:
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6427:
6418:
6363:
5988:
5952:
5925:
5333:
5324:
4769:
4760:
3126:
2985:
2928:
2874:
2020:
1745:
Ropiquet, A. (2006). "Etude des radiations adaptatives au sein des
Antilopinae (Mammalia, Bovidae)".
1663:
1194:
1117:
The lesser kudu browses primarily at dusk or dawn, or nocturnally, and is sometimes associated with
6607:
6309:
6300:
6048:
5916:
5889:
5825:
5486:
5366:
5315:
2994:
2901:
2492:
1418:
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55:
6694:
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4298:
4017:
3451:
2919:
2731:
2713:
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2160:
2116:
1721:
1361:
The handsome head of the male lesser kudu, with his elegant spiraled horns, is the symbol of the
1343:
877:
659:
235:
85:
6993:
6057:
5997:
5961:
5907:
5880:
5871:
5495:
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5411:
1235:(4,300,000–72,000,000 sq ft) in size, those of males have an average size of 2.2
6889:
1444:
6975:
6832:
6327:
6318:
6006:
5934:
5862:
5693:
5675:
5528:
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3716:
3618:
3397:
3364:
3307:
3177:
2704:
2565:
2227:
2202:
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2108:
1955:
1876:
1826:
1787:
1713:
1679:
1630:
1542:
1492:
1482:
1339:
1306:
1283:
1228:
1025:
1016:
870:
6798:
6721:
6475:
6466:
6345:
6186:
6177:
5970:
5642:
5633:
5581:
5572:
5420:
5393:
5306:
5086:
4694:
4120:
4111:
4101:
4074:
3795:
3664:
2865:
2856:
2847:
2629:
2620:
2556:
2483:
2474:
2100:
2062:
2028:
1818:
1777:
1671:
1413:
1240:
1236:
1232:
1148:
1094:) forms 15-25% of the diet in the wet season. Fruits are consumed mainly in the dry season.
584:
388:
305:
6980:
6915:
1868:
The
Behavior Guide to African Mammals : Including Hoofed Mammals, Carnivores, Primates
6962:
6451:
6442:
6390:
6381:
6162:
5019:
5010:
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4083:
3135:
3045:
2883:
2695:
2574:
2547:
2538:
1986:
1595:
1567:
1362:
1335:
1331:
1279:
1133:
1104:
830:
409:
222:
70:
1562:
1334:". Around a third of the population of the lesser kudu occurs in protected areas such as
2024:
1667:
6651:
6589:
6219:
6210:
5735:
5684:
5605:
5596:
5537:
5375:
5077:
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4890:
4445:
4412:
4394:
3882:
3692:
3567:
3406:
2394:
2366:
2257:
2153:
2032:
1872:
1866:
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1170:
1098:
searching, much in the same posture as grazing, is used to find fallen fruits (such as
1091:
854:
344:
1395:
7010:
6910:
6276:
6258:
6144:
6081:
6072:
5131:
4866:
4839:
4610:
4520:
4511:
4496:
4361:
4325:
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4217:
4208:
3725:
3683:
3576:
3542:
3532:
3433:
3415:
3078:
3027:
2937:
2501:
1468:
1404:
1207:
1153:
1087:
895:
644:
75:
2120:
17:
6837:
6670:
6639:
6529:
6201:
6015:
5943:
5816:
5759:
5750:
5468:
5402:
5164:
5122:
5037:
4848:
4568:
4559:
4421:
4352:
4241:
4232:
3974:
3743:
3424:
3379:
3346:
3117:
3009:
2976:
2892:
2199:
Tending
Animals in the Global Village: A Guide to International Veterinary Medicine
1618:
1291:
988:
984:
966:
950:
934:
907:
884:
846:
526:
495:
396:
336:
313:
301:
212:
1590:
1073:
1949:
883:. The term "lesser" denotes the smaller size of this antelope as compared to the
6928:
6871:
6778:
6291:
6039:
5201:
5155:
5146:
5047:
4908:
4750:
4343:
4334:
4162:
3956:
3947:
3937:
3831:
3674:
3484:
3475:
3388:
3231:
3153:
3036:
2961:
2952:
2329:
2266:
1675:
1287:
1259:
1190:
1142:
480:
376:
357:
317:
292:
283:
172:
142:
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1782:
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family; it drinks water readily when rains come or when sources are available.
1003:
5898:
5798:
5623:
5215:
4637:
4619:
4370:
4065:
4050:
4041:
4008:
3785:
3591:
3508:
3499:
3274:
3265:
3144:
3069:
2610:
2431:
2297:
2247:
2159:(6th ed.). Baltimore, Maryland: Johns Hopkins University Press. pp.
1319:
1110:
1053:
976:
6769:
1717:
1218:
The lesser kudu inhabits dry bushland regions. It is closely associated with
6598:
6519:
6372:
6243:
6234:
5708:
5282:
5273:
5258:
5249:
5113:
4685:
4469:
4403:
4289:
3804:
3600:
3289:
3213:
3093:
2644:
2529:
2519:
2413:
2404:
2226:. Gland, Switzerland: The IUCN Species Survival Commission. pp. 132–4.
1496:
1198:
1186:
1095:
599:
333:
325:
102:
6565:
2112:
2066:
1951:
A Field Guide to the Tracks and Signs of
Southern and East African Wildlife
1791:
1699:"Current taxonomy and diversity of crown ruminants above the species level"
1683:
1173:) showed that 55% of the births occurred between September and December. A
965:). On the basis of mitochondrial data, the lesser kudu separated from its
2272:
1830:
6967:
6763:
6507:
6135:
5807:
5519:
5357:
5297:
4962:
4661:
4193:
4138:
4026:
3855:
3331:
3322:
3298:
3186:
3060:
2810:
2686:
2382:
2360:
2348:
1298:
1295:
1271:
1263:
1247:
1202:
1058:
992:
973:
392:
380:
364:
309:
287:
279:
276:
122:
2104:
6863:
6712:
6547:
6408:
6267:
5657:
5444:
5435:
5348:
5234:
5225:
5197:
4953:
4857:
4821:
4736:
4732:
4703:
4628:
4316:
4189:
4150:
3734:
3651:
3557:
2820:
2770:
2465:
1255:
1118:
1082:
the diet throughout the year. Foliage from creepers and vines (such as
372:
349:
297:
162:
152:
1822:
949:
data were compared. The results showed that the tribe
Tragelaphini is
6876:
6806:
6556:
6125:
6030:
5853:
5843:
5459:
4971:
4811:
4793:
4784:
4670:
4592:
4544:
4535:
3993:
3984:
3919:
3910:
3900:
3822:
3355:
3168:
3018:
2354:
2342:
1267:
1178:
1127:
1122:
1020:
548:
384:
132:
112:
6740:
2185:
1286:
includes a set of horns obtained in 1967 from an individual shot in
1871:(4th ed.). Berkeley: University of California Press. pp.
6580:
6538:
6113:
5783:
5774:
5068:
4995:
4986:
4917:
4646:
4601:
4460:
4385:
4265:
4256:
3767:
3758:
3250:
3241:
2450:
2441:
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1351:
1251:
1137:
1072:
1040:
1002:
958:
942:
746:
400:
368:
321:
1474:
Mammal
Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference
1231:. While individual home ranges of these animals are 0.4–6.7
1185:
birth, and only 25% can survive after three years. In a study at
6850:
5726:
5056:
4944:
4926:
4583:
4436:
3840:
3707:
3523:
2797:
2758:
2201:. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. p. 264.
1327:
946:
6744:
6636:
6504:
6110:
5193:
4728:
4185:
3647:
2793:
2379:
2301:
894:
was established for just the lesser kudu by American zoologist
6336:
4935:
4881:
3813:
3195:
1629:. Baltimore, US: Johns Hopkins University Press. p. 139.
1227:
recorded at heights about 1,740 m (5,710 ft) near
914:
argues for the lesser kudu's renewed placement in the genus
2086:) at Basle Zoo and its relation to nutrition and husbandry"
1239:(24,000,000 sq ft) and those of females 1.8
991:
are compound and each is fused with one of two identical
1452:. Washington D. C.: Smithsonian Institution. p. 15.
2222:
East, R.; IUCN/SSC, Antelope Specialist Group (1999).
2049:
Váhala, J. (1992). "Reproduction of the lesser kudu (
1294:, as well as a recent analysis of early and middle
6753:
6711:
6683:
6659:
6650:
6578:
6527:
6518:
6464:
6440:
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4063:
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4006:
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3784:
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2818:
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2609:
2527:
2518:
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2439:
2430:
2402:
2393:
2152:
1541:. London: Bloomsbury Publishing. pp. 142–7.
1537:Kingdon, J.; Butynski, T.; Happold, D. (2013).
1419:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T22053A50196563.en
865:, which means a deer, while the specific name
406:International Union for Conservation of Nature
2313:
902:. The lesser kudu is now typically placed in
8:
2082:"Juvenile mortality in captive lesser kudu (
1394:IUCN SSC Antelope Specialist Group (2017) .
1278:today, the species historically ranged from
2006:
2004:
837:. The animal is classified under the genus
6741:
6656:
6647:
6633:
6524:
6515:
6501:
6413:
6130:
6121:
6107:
5848:
5628:
5567:
5220:
5211:
5190:
5042:
4816:
4755:
4746:
4725:
4203:
4182:
4106:
3979:
3942:
3905:
3790:
3669:
3660:
3644:
3236:
2815:
2806:
2790:
2615:
2524:
2436:
2399:
2390:
2376:
2320:
2306:
2298:
1532:
1530:
1528:
1526:
221:
64:
40:
31:
1860:
1781:
1524:
1522:
1520:
1518:
1516:
1514:
1512:
1510:
1508:
1506:
1446:New Genera and Races of African Ungulates
1417:
2146:
2144:
1927:University of Michigan Museum of Zoology
1858:
1856:
1854:
1852:
1850:
1848:
1846:
1844:
1842:
1840:
1438:
1436:
1152:), and certain species of the poisonous
1912:
1373:
2044:
2042:
1973:
1971:
1910:
1908:
1906:
1904:
1902:
1900:
1898:
1896:
1894:
1892:
1463:
1461:
1459:
1389:
1387:
1385:
1383:
1381:
1379:
1377:
7017:IUCN Red List near threatened species
1656:Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution
929:In 2005, Sandi Willows-Munro (of the
7:
2093:Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine
1954:(3rd ed.). Cape Town: Struik.
1405:IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
637:
630:
623:
577:
570:
563:
541:
519:
473:
466:
459:
452:
445:
438:
431:
424:
2033:10.1111/j.1365-2028.1977.tb00398.x
957:in the phylogeny, followed by the
25:
2186:https://doi.org/10.1111/jbi.13165
1033:reach full length after 3 years.
906:. However, a 2011 publication by
2283:
2271:
2250:
979:. However, unlike others in the
89:
2672:Sri Lankan spotted chevrotain (
1811:Cytogenetic and Genome Research
1443:Heller, E. (November 2, 1912).
1210:, and may consume its excreta.
1108:), while small fruits (such as
933:) and colleagues carried out a
286:. The species is a part of the
3461:Central American red brocket (
2224:African Antelope Database 1998
1948:Chris, S.; Stuart, T. (2000).
1747:Ph.D. Thesis, Université Paris
1596:Merriam-Webster.com Dictionary
1568:Merriam-Webster.com Dictionary
1479:Johns Hopkins University Press
1471:; Reeder, D. M., eds. (2005).
1243:(19,000,000 sq ft).
395:. It may have been present in
1:
2155:Walker's Mammals of the World
1246:The lesser kudu is native to
1136:, such as the leaves of wild
363:The lesser kudu is native to
4168:Large subfamily listed below
4156:Large subfamily listed below
4144:Large subfamily listed below
7032:Fauna of the Horn of Africa
2663:Yellow-striped chevrotain (
2654:Indian spotted chevrotain (
2267:African Wildlife Foundation
1676:10.1016/j.ympev.2005.01.018
1346:National Parks (Ethiopia);
1077:Feeding female and juvenile
931:University of KwaZulu-Natal
861:, meaning a male goat, and
849:in 1869. The generic name,
7093:
7072:Taxa named by Edward Blyth
2013:African Journal of Ecology
1783:10.1016/j.crvi.2011.11.002
1330:rates the lesser kudu as "
1274:. Largely confined to the
841:in family Bovidae. It was
408:rates the lesser kudu as "
7067:Mammals described in 1869
6646:
6632:
6599:Dromedary/Arabian camel (
6590:Domestic Bactrian camel (
6514:
6500:
6154:North Sulawesi babirusa (
6120:
6106:
5210:
5189:
4745:
4724:
4202:
4181:
3659:
3643:
3443:Amazonian brown brocket (
2805:
2789:
2776:Large family listed below
2764:Large family listed below
2741:Williamson's mouse-deer (
2389:
2375:
2337:
898:, the type species being
845:by the English zoologist
768:
744:
657:
642:
635:
628:
621:
597:
582:
575:
568:
561:
546:
539:
524:
517:
493:
478:
471:
464:
457:
450:
443:
436:
429:
241:
234:
229:
220:
201:
194:
86:Scientific classification
84:
62:
53:
48:
39:
34:
4840:Domestic water buffalo (
3205:Central Asian red deer (
2830:Bornean yellow muntjac (
2053:) at Dvůr Králové Zoo".
1985:. ARKive. Archived from
1770:Comptes Rendus Biologies
1348:Lag Badana National Park
1313:Threats and conservation
1214:Habitat and distribution
330:scientifically described
5718:Bates' pygmy antelope (
5505:Soemmerring's gazelle (
3610:Yucatan brown brocket (
2839:Hairy-fronted muntjac (
2723:Philippine mouse-deer (
2197:Sherman, D. M. (2002).
1270:, but it is extinct in
1146:('snake-plants', genus
1045:Herd of lesser kudu in
972:The lesser kudu has 38
245:Ammelaphus strepsiceros
7052:Mammals of South Sudan
6428:White-lipped peccary (
6364:Philippine warty pig (
5989:Yellow-backed duiker (
5953:Black-fronted duiker (
5926:White-bellied duiker (
5547:Przewalski's gazelle (
4770:Four-horned antelope (
3568:Peruvian Yungas pudu (
3127:Visayan spotted deer (
2986:European fallow deer (
2929:Northern red muntjac (
2875:Southern red muntjac (
2067:10.1002/zoo.1430110205
1929:. Animal Diversity Web
1412:: e.T22053A115165887.
1078:
1049:
1008:
833:of the lesser kudu is
6989:Paleobiology Database
6608:Wild Bactrian camel (
6310:Bornean bearded pig (
6301:Palawan bearded pig (
5890:White-legged duiker (
5316:Red-fronted gazelle (
2995:Persian fallow deer (
2911:Roosevelt's muntjac (
2584:Himalayan musk deer (
2493:Reticulated giraffe (
2151:Nowak, R. M. (1999).
1865:Estes, R. D. (2004).
1076:
1044:
1037:Ecology and behaviour
1006:
953:with the lesser kudu
937:analysis of the nine
416:Taxonomy and genetics
387:, but it is possibly
7027:Fauna of East Africa
6812:tragelaphus-imberbis
6799:Tragelaphus_imberbis
6785:Tragelaphus imberbis
6755:Tragelaphus imberbis
6695:Pygmy hippopotamus (
6355:Oliver's warty pig (
5980:Red-flanked duiker (
5385:Erlanger's gazelle (
5105:Harnessed bushbuck (
4831:Wild water buffalo (
4308:East Caucasian tur (
4299:West Caucasian tur (
3452:Little red brocket (
2920:Truong Son muntjac (
2732:Vietnam mouse-deer (
2714:Greater mouse-deer (
2593:Siberian musk deer (
2291:Tragelaphus imberbis
2280:at Wikimedia Commons
2278:Tragelaphus imberbis
2084:Tragelaphus imberbis
2051:Tragelaphus imberbis
1921:Tragelaphus imberbis
1807:Tragelaphus imberbis
1398:Tragelaphus imberbis
1303:Jubbah and Shuwaymis
1195:white muscle disease
1086:and some species of
1084:Thunbergia guerkeana
999:Physical description
835:Tragelaphus imberbis
275:) is a medium-sized
272:Tragelaphus imberbis
253:Ammelaphus australis
205:Tragelaphus imberbis
18:Tragelaphus imberbis
7057:Mammals of Tanzania
7037:Mammals of Ethiopia
6328:Celebes warty pig (
6319:Visayan warty pig (
5935:Red forest duiker (
5667:GĂĽnther's dik-dik (
5529:Mongolian gazelle (
5334:Heuglin's gazelle (
5325:Thomson's gazelle (
4479:Long-tailed goral (
3874:Mountain reedbuck (
3865:Southern reedbuck (
3717:East African oryx (
3619:White-tailed deer (
3398:Small red brocket (
3365:South Andean deer (
3308:Siberian roe deer (
3299:European roe deer (
3136:Philippine sambar (
3103:Père David's deer (
2705:Lesser mouse-deer (
2566:Kashmir musk deer (
2105:10.1638/2007-0004.1
2025:1977AfJEc..15..199M
1697:Groves, C. (2014).
1668:2005MolPE..35..624W
1356:Ruaha National Park
1352:Tsavo National Park
983:Tragelaphinae, the
890:In 1912, the genus
56:Conservation status
27:Species of antelope
7047:Mammals of Somalia
6476:Collared peccary (
6346:Flores warty pig (
6187:Giant forest hog (
6049:Maxwell's duiker (
5971:Ruwenzori duiker (
5917:Jentink's duiker (
5826:Sharpe's grysbok (
5582:Tibetan antelope (
5487:Bright's gazelle (
5421:Goitered gazelle (
5394:Mountain gazelle (
5367:Cuvier's gazelle (
5307:Mongalla gazelle (
4695:Pyrenean chamois (
4121:Tibetan antelope (
4075:Black wildebeest (
2902:Reeves's muntjac (
2866:Sumatran muntjac (
2857:Gongshan muntjac (
2630:Water chevrotain (
2557:Alpine musk deer (
2484:Southern giraffe (
2475:Northern giraffe (
1197:and deficiency of
1079:
1050:
1015:Distinct signs of
1009:
660:Harnessed bushbuck
7062:Mammals of Uganda
7004:
7003:
6976:Open Tree of Life
6747:Taxon identifiers
6738:
6737:
6734:
6733:
6730:
6729:
6707:
6706:
6628:
6627:
6624:
6623:
6620:
6619:
6496:
6495:
6492:
6491:
6488:
6487:
6452:Chacoan peccary (
6403:
6402:
6391:Javan warty pig (
6382:Timor warty pig (
6189:H. meinertzhageni
6163:Togian babirusa (
6102:
6101:
6098:
6097:
6094:
6093:
6058:Walter's duiker (
5998:Abbott's duiker (
5962:Ogilby's duiker (
5908:Harvey's duiker (
5872:Brooke's duiker (
5838:
5837:
5618:
5617:
5559:
5558:
5496:Peter's gazelle (
5478:Grant's gazelle (
5412:Speke's gazelle (
5185:
5184:
5181:
5180:
5177:
5176:
5062:
5032:
5031:
5020:African buffalo (
4851:B. depressicornis
4806:
4805:
4720:
4719:
4716:
4715:
4488:Himalayan goral (
4310:C. cylindricornis
4177:
4176:
4173:
4172:
4133:
4132:
4096:
4095:
4084:Blue wildebeest (
4018:Common tsessebe (
3969:
3968:
3932:
3931:
3895:
3894:
3807:K. ellipsiprymnus
3780:
3779:
3639:
3638:
3635:
3634:
3631:
3630:
3579:P. mephistophiles
3535:P. mephistophiles
3226:
3225:
2922:M. truongsonensis
2884:Pu Hoat muntjac (
2785:
2784:
2781:
2780:
2753:
2752:
2696:Java mouse-deer (
2605:
2604:
2575:Black musk deer (
2548:Dwarf musk deer (
2539:Anhui musk deer (
2514:
2513:
2477:G. camelopardalis
2426:
2425:
2276:Media related to
2265:Information from
1823:10.1159/000131429
1636:978-1-4214-0093-8
1627:Ungulate Taxonomy
1599:. Merriam-Webster
1571:. Merriam-Webster
1539:Mammals of Africa
1488:978-0-8018-8221-0
1284:Arabian Peninsula
1229:Mount Kilimanjaro
1017:sexual dimorphism
827:
826:
817:
816:
808:
807:
799:
798:
790:
789:
781:
780:
757:
756:
733:
732:
724:
723:
715:
714:
706:
705:
697:
696:
688:
687:
679:
678:
670:
669:
610:
609:
506:
505:
263:
262:
257:
249:
79:
16:(Redirected from
7084:
7077:Bovids of Africa
7042:Mammals of Kenya
6997:
6996:
6984:
6983:
6971:
6970:
6958:
6957:
6945:
6944:
6932:
6931:
6919:
6918:
6906:
6905:
6893:
6892:
6880:
6879:
6867:
6866:
6854:
6853:
6841:
6840:
6828:
6827:
6815:
6814:
6802:
6801:
6789:
6788:
6787:
6774:
6773:
6772:
6742:
6657:
6648:
6634:
6525:
6516:
6502:
6414:
6220:Common warthog (
6211:Desert warthog (
6131:
6122:
6108:
6007:Weyns's duiker (
5881:Peters' duiker (
5863:Aders's duiker (
5849:
5736:Royal antelope (
5694:Salt's dik-dik (
5685:Silver dik-dik (
5676:Kirk's dik-dik (
5629:
5606:Saiga antelope (
5568:
5507:N. soemmerringii
5376:Dorcas gazelle (
5221:
5212:
5205:
5191:
5078:Mountain nyala (
5061:
5060:
5052:
5043:
4998:P. nghetinhensis
4900:European bison (
4891:American bison (
4817:
4756:
4747:
4740:
4726:
4602:Domestic sheep (
4446:Himalayan tahr (
4413:Mainland serow (
4395:Japanese serow (
4204:
4197:
4183:
4107:
3980:
3943:
3906:
3883:Bohor reedbuck (
3791:
3770:A. nasomaculatus
3693:Sable antelope (
3670:
3661:
3654:
3645:
3407:Merida brocket (
3237:
3178:Thorold's deer (
3030:A. calamianensis
2913:M. rooseveltorum
2859:M. gongshanensis
2816:
2807:
2800:
2791:
2616:
2525:
2504:G. tippelskirchi
2437:
2400:
2391:
2377:
2322:
2315:
2308:
2299:
2288:Data related to
2287:
2275:
2260:
2255:
2254:
2238:
2237:
2219:
2213:
2212:
2194:
2188:
2181:
2175:
2174:
2158:
2148:
2139:
2138:
2136:
2135:
2129:
2123:. Archived from
2090:
2077:
2071:
2070:
2046:
2037:
2036:
2008:
1999:
1998:
1996:
1994:
1975:
1966:
1965:
1945:
1939:
1938:
1936:
1934:
1914:
1887:
1886:
1862:
1835:
1834:
1802:
1796:
1795:
1785:
1761:
1755:
1754:
1742:
1736:
1735:
1733:
1732:
1726:
1720:. Archived from
1703:
1694:
1688:
1687:
1647:
1641:
1640:
1615:
1609:
1608:
1606:
1604:
1587:
1581:
1580:
1578:
1576:
1559:
1553:
1552:
1534:
1501:
1500:
1477:(3rd ed.).
1465:
1454:
1453:
1451:
1440:
1431:
1430:
1428:
1426:
1421:
1391:
1309:, Saudi Arabia.
1167:Dvůr Králové Zoo
1134:succulent plants
1047:Dvůr Králové Zoo
1007:Male lesser kudu
638:
631:
624:
578:
571:
564:
542:
520:
474:
467:
460:
453:
446:
439:
432:
425:
420:
419:
255:
247:
225:
207:
187:T. imberbis
94:
93:
73:
68:
67:
44:
32:
21:
7092:
7091:
7087:
7086:
7085:
7083:
7082:
7081:
7007:
7006:
7005:
7000:
6992:
6987:
6979:
6974:
6966:
6963:Observation.org
6961:
6953:
6948:
6940:
6935:
6927:
6922:
6914:
6909:
6901:
6896:
6888:
6883:
6875:
6870:
6862:
6857:
6849:
6844:
6836:
6831:
6823:
6818:
6810:
6805:
6797:
6792:
6783:
6782:
6777:
6768:
6767:
6762:
6749:
6739:
6726:
6703:
6679:
6642:
6616:
6574:
6510:
6484:
6460:
6436:
6399:
6366:S. philippensis
6303:S. ahoenobarbus
6285:
6277:Red river hog (
6252:
6228:
6195:
6171:
6145:Buru babirusa (
6116:
6090:
6082:Common duiker (
6066:
6024:
5834:
5792:
5768:
5744:
5702:
5651:
5614:
5590:
5555:
5540:P. picticaudata
5513:
5453:
5429:
5423:G. subgutturosa
5342:
5291:
5267:
5243:
5206:
5195:
5173:
5140:
5132:Cape bushbuck (
5125:T. strepsiceros
5054:
5053:
5051:
5028:
5004:
4980:
4875:
4867:Mountain anoa (
4802:
4796:B. tragocamelus
4778:
4772:T. quadricornis
4741:
4730:
4712:
4679:
4655:
4611:Bighorn sheep (
4577:
4553:
4529:
4521:Mountain goat (
4505:
4497:Chinese goral (
4454:
4430:
4415:C. sumatraensis
4379:
4362:Siberian ibex (
4326:Domestic goat (
4274:
4250:
4226:
4218:Barbary sheep (
4198:
4187:
4169:
4157:
4145:
4129:
4092:
4059:
4035:
4002:
3965:
3928:
3891:
3849:
3776:
3752:
3726:Scimitar oryx (
3701:
3684:Roan antelope (
3655:
3649:
3627:
3585:
3577:Northern pudu (
3551:
3543:Southern pudu (
3533:Northern pudu (
3517:
3493:
3469:
3434:Pygmy brocket (
3416:Dwarf brocket (
3373:
3340:
3316:
3283:
3259:
3222:
3162:
3111:
3087:
3054:
3028:Calamian deer (
3003:
2997:D. mesopotamica
2970:
2946:
2940:M. vuquangensis
2938:Giant muntjac (
2848:Fea's muntjac (
2801:
2795:
2777:
2765:
2749:
2680:
2638:
2601:
2559:M. chrysogaster
2510:
2502:Masai giraffe (
2459:
2422:
2385:
2371:
2333:
2326:
2256:
2249:
2246:
2241:
2234:
2221:
2220:
2216:
2209:
2196:
2195:
2191:
2182:
2178:
2171:
2150:
2149:
2142:
2133:
2131:
2127:
2088:
2079:
2078:
2074:
2048:
2047:
2040:
2010:
2009:
2002:
1992:
1990:
1977:
1976:
1969:
1962:
1947:
1946:
1942:
1932:
1930:
1916:
1915:
1890:
1883:
1864:
1863:
1838:
1804:
1803:
1799:
1763:
1762:
1758:
1744:
1743:
1739:
1730:
1728:
1724:
1701:
1696:
1695:
1691:
1649:
1648:
1644:
1637:
1617:
1616:
1612:
1602:
1600:
1589:
1588:
1584:
1574:
1572:
1561:
1560:
1556:
1549:
1536:
1535:
1504:
1489:
1481:. p. 698.
1467:
1466:
1457:
1449:
1442:
1441:
1434:
1424:
1422:
1393:
1392:
1375:
1371:
1363:Saint Louis Zoo
1332:near threatened
1315:
1290:and another in
1216:
1208:perineal region
1162:
1105:Acacia tortilis
1100:Melia volkensii
1071:
1039:
1001:
900:A. strepsiceros
853:, derives from
843:first described
831:scientific name
818:
809:
800:
791:
782:
758:
734:
725:
716:
707:
698:
689:
680:
671:
611:
507:
418:
410:near threatened
328:. It was first
216:
209:
203:
190:
88:
80:
71:Near Threatened
69:
65:
58:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
7090:
7088:
7080:
7079:
7074:
7069:
7064:
7059:
7054:
7049:
7044:
7039:
7034:
7029:
7024:
7019:
7009:
7008:
7002:
7001:
6999:
6998:
6985:
6972:
6959:
6946:
6933:
6920:
6907:
6894:
6881:
6868:
6855:
6842:
6829:
6816:
6803:
6790:
6775:
6759:
6757:
6751:
6750:
6745:
6736:
6735:
6732:
6731:
6728:
6727:
6725:
6724:
6717:
6715:
6709:
6708:
6705:
6704:
6702:
6701:
6697:C. liberiensis
6691:
6689:
6681:
6680:
6678:
6677:
6671:Hippopotamus (
6667:
6665:
6654:
6652:Hippopotamidae
6644:
6643:
6637:
6630:
6629:
6626:
6625:
6622:
6621:
6618:
6617:
6615:
6614:
6605:
6601:C. dromedarius
6596:
6586:
6584:
6576:
6575:
6573:
6572:
6563:
6554:
6545:
6535:
6533:
6522:
6512:
6511:
6505:
6498:
6497:
6494:
6493:
6490:
6489:
6486:
6485:
6483:
6482:
6472:
6470:
6462:
6461:
6459:
6458:
6448:
6446:
6438:
6437:
6435:
6434:
6424:
6422:
6411:
6405:
6404:
6401:
6400:
6398:
6397:
6388:
6384:S. timoriensis
6379:
6370:
6361:
6352:
6343:
6337:Domestic pig (
6334:
6325:
6316:
6307:
6297:
6295:
6287:
6286:
6284:
6283:
6274:
6264:
6262:
6254:
6253:
6251:
6250:
6240:
6238:
6230:
6229:
6227:
6226:
6217:
6213:P. aethiopicus
6207:
6205:
6197:
6196:
6194:
6193:
6183:
6181:
6173:
6172:
6170:
6169:
6165:B. togeanensis
6160:
6151:
6141:
6139:
6128:
6118:
6117:
6111:
6104:
6103:
6100:
6099:
6096:
6095:
6092:
6091:
6089:
6088:
6078:
6076:
6068:
6067:
6065:
6064:
6055:
6046:
6036:
6034:
6026:
6025:
6023:
6022:
6016:Zebra duiker (
6013:
6004:
5995:
5991:C. silvicultor
5986:
5977:
5968:
5959:
5950:
5944:Black duiker (
5941:
5932:
5928:C. leucogaster
5923:
5914:
5905:
5896:
5887:
5878:
5869:
5859:
5857:
5846:
5840:
5839:
5836:
5835:
5833:
5832:
5823:
5817:Cape grysbok (
5814:
5804:
5802:
5794:
5793:
5791:
5790:
5780:
5778:
5770:
5769:
5767:
5766:
5760:Klipspringer (
5756:
5754:
5746:
5745:
5743:
5742:
5733:
5724:
5714:
5712:
5704:
5703:
5701:
5700:
5691:
5687:M. piacentinii
5682:
5673:
5663:
5661:
5653:
5652:
5650:
5649:
5639:
5637:
5626:
5620:
5619:
5616:
5615:
5613:
5612:
5602:
5600:
5592:
5591:
5589:
5588:
5578:
5576:
5565:
5561:
5560:
5557:
5556:
5554:
5553:
5549:P. przewalskii
5544:
5535:
5525:
5523:
5515:
5514:
5512:
5511:
5502:
5493:
5484:
5475:
5469:Dama gazelle (
5465:
5463:
5455:
5454:
5452:
5451:
5441:
5439:
5431:
5430:
5428:
5427:
5418:
5409:
5403:Rhim gazelle (
5400:
5391:
5382:
5373:
5364:
5354:
5352:
5344:
5343:
5341:
5340:
5331:
5322:
5313:
5303:
5301:
5293:
5292:
5290:
5289:
5279:
5277:
5269:
5268:
5266:
5265:
5261:A. marsupialis
5255:
5253:
5245:
5244:
5242:
5241:
5231:
5229:
5218:
5208:
5207:
5194:
5187:
5186:
5183:
5182:
5179:
5178:
5175:
5174:
5172:
5171:
5165:Common eland (
5162:
5152:
5150:
5142:
5141:
5139:
5138:
5129:
5123:Greater kudu (
5120:
5111:
5102:
5093:
5084:
5075:
5065:
5063:
5040:
5034:
5033:
5030:
5029:
5027:
5026:
5016:
5014:
5006:
5005:
5003:
5002:
4992:
4990:
4982:
4981:
4979:
4978:
4969:
4960:
4951:
4942:
4936:Domestic yak (
4933:
4924:
4915:
4906:
4897:
4887:
4885:
4877:
4876:
4874:
4873:
4864:
4860:B. mindorensis
4855:
4849:Lowland anoa (
4846:
4837:
4827:
4825:
4814:
4808:
4807:
4804:
4803:
4801:
4800:
4790:
4788:
4780:
4779:
4777:
4776:
4766:
4764:
4753:
4743:
4742:
4729:
4722:
4721:
4718:
4717:
4714:
4713:
4711:
4710:
4701:
4691:
4689:
4681:
4680:
4678:
4677:
4667:
4665:
4657:
4656:
4654:
4653:
4644:
4635:
4626:
4617:
4608:
4599:
4589:
4587:
4579:
4578:
4576:
4575:
4569:Nilgiri tahr (
4565:
4563:
4555:
4554:
4552:
4551:
4541:
4539:
4531:
4530:
4528:
4527:
4517:
4515:
4507:
4506:
4504:
4503:
4494:
4485:
4476:
4466:
4464:
4456:
4455:
4453:
4452:
4442:
4440:
4432:
4431:
4429:
4428:
4422:Taiwan serow (
4419:
4410:
4401:
4391:
4389:
4381:
4380:
4378:
4377:
4368:
4359:
4353:Iberian ibex (
4350:
4341:
4332:
4323:
4314:
4305:
4296:
4286:
4284:
4276:
4275:
4273:
4272:
4262:
4260:
4252:
4251:
4249:
4248:
4242:Arabian tahr (
4238:
4236:
4228:
4227:
4225:
4224:
4214:
4212:
4200:
4199:
4186:
4179:
4178:
4175:
4174:
4171:
4170:
4167:
4165:
4159:
4158:
4155:
4153:
4147:
4146:
4143:
4141:
4135:
4134:
4131:
4130:
4128:
4127:
4117:
4115:
4104:
4098:
4097:
4094:
4093:
4091:
4090:
4081:
4071:
4069:
4061:
4060:
4058:
4057:
4047:
4045:
4037:
4036:
4034:
4033:
4024:
4014:
4012:
4004:
4003:
4001:
4000:
3990:
3988:
3977:
3971:
3970:
3967:
3966:
3964:
3963:
3953:
3951:
3940:
3934:
3933:
3930:
3929:
3927:
3926:
3916:
3914:
3903:
3897:
3896:
3893:
3892:
3890:
3889:
3880:
3876:R. fulvorufula
3871:
3861:
3859:
3851:
3850:
3848:
3847:
3838:
3829:
3820:
3811:
3801:
3799:
3788:
3782:
3781:
3778:
3777:
3775:
3774:
3764:
3762:
3754:
3753:
3751:
3750:
3744:Arabian oryx (
3741:
3732:
3723:
3713:
3711:
3703:
3702:
3700:
3699:
3690:
3680:
3678:
3667:
3657:
3656:
3648:
3641:
3640:
3637:
3636:
3633:
3632:
3629:
3628:
3626:
3625:
3621:O. virginianus
3616:
3607:
3597:
3595:
3587:
3586:
3584:
3583:
3574:
3564:
3562:
3553:
3552:
3550:
3549:
3540:
3529:
3527:
3519:
3518:
3516:
3515:
3505:
3503:
3495:
3494:
3492:
3491:
3487:O. bezoarticus
3481:
3479:
3471:
3470:
3468:
3467:
3458:
3449:
3440:
3431:
3427:M. gouazoubira
3425:Gray brocket (
3422:
3413:
3404:
3395:
3385:
3383:
3375:
3374:
3372:
3371:
3362:
3352:
3350:
3342:
3341:
3339:
3338:
3328:
3326:
3318:
3317:
3315:
3314:
3305:
3295:
3293:
3285:
3284:
3282:
3281:
3271:
3269:
3261:
3260:
3258:
3257:
3247:
3245:
3234:
3228:
3227:
3224:
3223:
3221:
3220:
3211:
3202:
3193:
3184:
3180:C. albirostris
3174:
3172:
3164:
3163:
3161:
3160:
3151:
3142:
3133:
3123:
3121:
3113:
3112:
3110:
3109:
3099:
3097:
3089:
3088:
3086:
3085:
3076:
3066:
3064:
3056:
3055:
3053:
3052:
3043:
3034:
3025:
3015:
3013:
3005:
3004:
3002:
3001:
2992:
2982:
2980:
2972:
2971:
2969:
2968:
2964:E. cephalophus
2958:
2956:
2948:
2947:
2945:
2944:
2935:
2926:
2917:
2908:
2899:
2893:Leaf muntjac (
2890:
2886:M. puhoatensis
2881:
2872:
2863:
2854:
2845:
2836:
2826:
2824:
2813:
2803:
2802:
2794:
2787:
2786:
2783:
2782:
2779:
2778:
2775:
2773:
2767:
2766:
2763:
2761:
2755:
2754:
2751:
2750:
2748:
2747:
2743:T. williamsoni
2738:
2729:
2720:
2711:
2702:
2692:
2690:
2682:
2681:
2679:
2678:
2669:
2660:
2650:
2648:
2640:
2639:
2637:
2636:
2626:
2624:
2613:
2607:
2606:
2603:
2602:
2600:
2599:
2595:M. moschiferus
2590:
2586:M. leucogaster
2581:
2572:
2563:
2554:
2550:M. berezovskii
2545:
2535:
2533:
2522:
2516:
2515:
2512:
2511:
2509:
2508:
2499:
2490:
2481:
2471:
2469:
2461:
2460:
2458:
2457:
2447:
2445:
2434:
2428:
2427:
2424:
2423:
2421:
2420:
2410:
2408:
2397:
2395:Antilocapridae
2387:
2386:
2380:
2373:
2372:
2370:
2369:
2367:Laurasiatheria
2363:
2357:
2351:
2345:
2338:
2335:
2334:
2327:
2325:
2324:
2317:
2310:
2302:
2296:
2295:
2294:at Wikispecies
2281:
2269:
2262:
2261:
2258:Mammals portal
2245:
2244:External links
2242:
2240:
2239:
2232:
2214:
2207:
2189:
2176:
2169:
2140:
2072:
2038:
2019:(3): 199–206.
2000:
1967:
1960:
1940:
1923:(lesser kudu)"
1888:
1881:
1836:
1817:(2–4): 85–92.
1797:
1756:
1737:
1689:
1642:
1635:
1610:
1582:
1554:
1548:978-1408189962
1547:
1502:
1487:
1455:
1432:
1372:
1370:
1367:
1314:
1311:
1307:Ha'il province
1276:Horn of Africa
1215:
1212:
1171:Czech Republic
1161:
1158:
1092:Convulvulaceae
1070:
1067:
1038:
1035:
1000:
997:
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256:(Heller, 1913)
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248:(Heller, 1912)
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6930:
6925:
6921:
6917:
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6908:
6904:
6899:
6895:
6891:
6886:
6882:
6878:
6873:
6869:
6865:
6860:
6856:
6852:
6847:
6843:
6839:
6834:
6830:
6826:
6821:
6817:
6813:
6808:
6804:
6800:
6795:
6791:
6786:
6780:
6776:
6771:
6765:
6761:
6760:
6758:
6756:
6752:
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6700:
6698:
6693:
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6690:
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6676:
6674:
6669:
6668:
6666:
6664:
6663:
6658:
6655:
6653:
6649:
6645:
6641:
6635:
6631:
6613:
6611:
6606:
6604:
6602:
6597:
6595:
6593:
6592:C. bactrianus
6588:
6587:
6585:
6583:
6582:
6577:
6571:
6569:
6564:
6562:
6560:
6555:
6553:
6551:
6546:
6544:
6542:
6537:
6536:
6534:
6532:
6531:
6526:
6523:
6521:
6517:
6513:
6509:
6503:
6499:
6481:
6479:
6474:
6473:
6471:
6469:
6468:
6463:
6457:
6455:
6450:
6449:
6447:
6445:
6444:
6439:
6433:
6431:
6426:
6425:
6423:
6421:
6420:
6415:
6412:
6410:
6406:
6396:
6394:
6393:S. verrucosus
6389:
6387:
6385:
6380:
6378:
6376:
6371:
6369:
6367:
6362:
6360:
6358:
6353:
6351:
6349:
6344:
6342:
6340:
6339:S. domesticus
6335:
6333:
6331:
6330:S. celebensis
6326:
6324:
6322:
6317:
6315:
6313:
6308:
6306:
6304:
6299:
6298:
6296:
6294:
6293:
6288:
6282:
6280:
6275:
6273:
6271:
6266:
6265:
6263:
6261:
6260:
6259:Potamochoerus
6255:
6249:
6247:
6242:
6241:
6239:
6237:
6236:
6231:
6225:
6223:
6218:
6216:
6214:
6209:
6208:
6206:
6204:
6203:
6198:
6192:
6190:
6185:
6184:
6182:
6180:
6179:
6174:
6168:
6166:
6161:
6159:
6157:
6156:B. celebensis
6152:
6150:
6148:
6143:
6142:
6140:
6138:
6137:
6132:
6129:
6127:
6123:
6119:
6115:
6109:
6105:
6087:
6085:
6080:
6079:
6077:
6075:
6074:
6069:
6063:
6061:
6056:
6054:
6052:
6047:
6045:
6043:
6040:Blue duiker (
6038:
6037:
6035:
6033:
6032:
6027:
6021:
6019:
6014:
6012:
6010:
6005:
6003:
6001:
5996:
5994:
5992:
5987:
5985:
5983:
5978:
5976:
5974:
5969:
5967:
5965:
5960:
5958:
5956:
5955:C. nigrifrons
5951:
5949:
5947:
5942:
5940:
5938:
5937:C. natalensis
5933:
5931:
5929:
5924:
5922:
5920:
5915:
5913:
5911:
5906:
5904:
5902:
5897:
5895:
5893:
5888:
5886:
5884:
5883:C. callipygus
5879:
5877:
5875:
5870:
5868:
5866:
5861:
5860:
5858:
5856:
5855:
5850:
5847:
5845:
5841:
5831:
5829:
5824:
5822:
5820:
5815:
5813:
5811:
5810:R. campestris
5806:
5805:
5803:
5801:
5800:
5795:
5789:
5787:
5782:
5781:
5779:
5777:
5776:
5771:
5765:
5763:
5762:O. oreotragus
5758:
5757:
5755:
5753:
5752:
5747:
5741:
5739:
5734:
5732:
5730:
5725:
5723:
5721:
5716:
5715:
5713:
5711:
5710:
5705:
5699:
5697:
5692:
5690:
5688:
5683:
5681:
5679:
5674:
5672:
5670:
5665:
5664:
5662:
5660:
5659:
5654:
5648:
5646:
5641:
5640:
5638:
5636:
5635:
5630:
5627:
5625:
5621:
5611:
5609:
5604:
5603:
5601:
5599:
5598:
5593:
5587:
5585:
5580:
5579:
5577:
5575:
5574:
5569:
5566:
5562:
5552:
5550:
5545:
5543:
5541:
5536:
5534:
5532:
5527:
5526:
5524:
5522:
5521:
5516:
5510:
5508:
5503:
5501:
5499:
5494:
5492:
5490:
5485:
5483:
5481:
5476:
5474:
5472:
5467:
5466:
5464:
5462:
5461:
5456:
5450:
5448:
5443:
5442:
5440:
5438:
5437:
5432:
5426:
5424:
5419:
5417:
5415:
5410:
5408:
5406:
5405:G. leptoceros
5401:
5399:
5397:
5392:
5390:
5388:
5383:
5381:
5379:
5374:
5372:
5370:
5365:
5363:
5361:
5356:
5355:
5353:
5351:
5350:
5345:
5339:
5337:
5332:
5330:
5328:
5323:
5321:
5319:
5314:
5312:
5310:
5309:E. albonotata
5305:
5304:
5302:
5300:
5299:
5294:
5288:
5286:
5285:A. cervicapra
5281:
5280:
5278:
5276:
5275:
5270:
5264:
5262:
5257:
5256:
5254:
5252:
5251:
5246:
5240:
5238:
5233:
5232:
5230:
5228:
5227:
5222:
5219:
5217:
5213:
5209:
5203:
5199:
5192:
5188:
5170:
5168:
5163:
5161:
5159:
5156:Giant eland (
5154:
5153:
5151:
5149:
5148:
5143:
5137:
5135:
5134:T. sylvaticus
5130:
5128:
5126:
5121:
5119:
5117:
5112:
5110:
5108:
5103:
5101:
5099:
5096:Lesser kudu (
5094:
5092:
5090:
5085:
5083:
5081:
5076:
5074:
5072:
5067:
5066:
5064:
5058:
5050:
5049:
5044:
5041:
5039:
5035:
5025:
5023:
5018:
5017:
5015:
5013:
5012:
5007:
5001:
4999:
4994:
4993:
4991:
4989:
4988:
4983:
4977:
4975:
4970:
4968:
4966:
4961:
4959:
4957:
4952:
4950:
4948:
4943:
4941:
4939:
4934:
4932:
4930:
4925:
4923:
4921:
4916:
4914:
4912:
4911:B. domesticus
4909:Bali cattle (
4907:
4905:
4903:
4898:
4896:
4894:
4889:
4888:
4886:
4884:
4883:
4878:
4872:
4870:
4865:
4863:
4861:
4856:
4854:
4852:
4847:
4845:
4843:
4838:
4836:
4834:
4829:
4828:
4826:
4824:
4823:
4818:
4815:
4813:
4809:
4799:
4797:
4792:
4791:
4789:
4787:
4786:
4781:
4775:
4773:
4768:
4767:
4765:
4763:
4762:
4757:
4754:
4752:
4748:
4744:
4738:
4734:
4727:
4723:
4709:
4707:
4702:
4700:
4698:
4693:
4692:
4690:
4688:
4687:
4682:
4676:
4674:
4669:
4668:
4666:
4664:
4663:
4658:
4652:
4650:
4645:
4643:
4641:
4636:
4634:
4632:
4627:
4625:
4623:
4618:
4616:
4614:
4613:O. canadensis
4609:
4607:
4605:
4600:
4598:
4596:
4591:
4590:
4588:
4586:
4585:
4580:
4574:
4572:
4567:
4566:
4564:
4562:
4561:
4560:Nilgiritragus
4556:
4550:
4548:
4543:
4542:
4540:
4538:
4537:
4532:
4526:
4524:
4523:O. americanus
4519:
4518:
4516:
4514:
4513:
4508:
4502:
4500:
4495:
4493:
4491:
4486:
4484:
4482:
4477:
4475:
4473:
4468:
4467:
4465:
4463:
4462:
4457:
4451:
4449:
4448:H. jemlahicus
4444:
4443:
4441:
4439:
4438:
4433:
4427:
4425:
4420:
4418:
4416:
4411:
4409:
4407:
4402:
4400:
4398:
4393:
4392:
4390:
4388:
4387:
4382:
4376:
4374:
4369:
4367:
4365:
4360:
4358:
4356:
4351:
4349:
4347:
4344:Nubian ibex (
4342:
4340:
4338:
4335:Alpine ibex (
4333:
4331:
4329:
4324:
4322:
4320:
4315:
4313:
4311:
4306:
4304:
4302:
4297:
4295:
4293:
4288:
4287:
4285:
4283:
4282:
4277:
4271:
4269:
4264:
4263:
4261:
4259:
4258:
4253:
4247:
4245:
4240:
4239:
4237:
4235:
4234:
4229:
4223:
4221:
4216:
4215:
4213:
4211:
4210:
4205:
4201:
4195:
4191:
4184:
4180:
4166:
4164:
4160:
4154:
4152:
4148:
4142:
4140:
4136:
4126:
4124:
4119:
4118:
4116:
4114:
4113:
4108:
4105:
4103:
4102:Pantholopinae
4099:
4089:
4087:
4082:
4080:
4078:
4073:
4072:
4070:
4068:
4067:
4062:
4056:
4054:
4053:A. buselaphus
4049:
4048:
4046:
4044:
4043:
4038:
4032:
4030:
4025:
4023:
4021:
4016:
4015:
4013:
4011:
4010:
4005:
3999:
3997:
3992:
3991:
3989:
3987:
3986:
3981:
3978:
3976:
3972:
3962:
3960:
3957:Grey rhebok (
3955:
3954:
3952:
3950:
3949:
3944:
3941:
3939:
3935:
3925:
3923:
3918:
3917:
3915:
3913:
3912:
3907:
3904:
3902:
3901:Aepycerotinae
3898:
3888:
3886:
3881:
3879:
3877:
3872:
3870:
3868:
3863:
3862:
3860:
3858:
3857:
3852:
3846:
3844:
3839:
3837:
3835:
3832:Nile lechwe (
3830:
3828:
3826:
3821:
3819:
3817:
3812:
3810:
3808:
3803:
3802:
3800:
3798:
3797:
3792:
3789:
3787:
3783:
3773:
3771:
3766:
3765:
3763:
3761:
3760:
3755:
3749:
3747:
3742:
3740:
3738:
3733:
3731:
3729:
3724:
3722:
3720:
3715:
3714:
3712:
3710:
3709:
3704:
3698:
3696:
3691:
3689:
3687:
3682:
3681:
3679:
3677:
3676:
3671:
3668:
3666:
3665:Hippotraginae
3662:
3658:
3653:
3646:
3642:
3624:
3622:
3617:
3615:
3613:
3608:
3606:
3604:
3599:
3598:
3596:
3594:
3593:
3588:
3582:
3580:
3575:
3573:
3571:
3566:
3565:
3563:
3560:
3559:
3554:
3548:
3546:
3541:
3538:
3536:
3531:
3530:
3528:
3526:
3525:
3520:
3514:
3512:
3511:B. dichotomus
3507:
3506:
3504:
3502:
3501:
3496:
3490:
3488:
3485:Pampas deer (
3483:
3482:
3480:
3478:
3477:
3472:
3466:
3464:
3459:
3457:
3455:
3450:
3448:
3446:
3445:M. nemorivaga
3441:
3439:
3437:
3432:
3430:
3428:
3423:
3421:
3419:
3414:
3412:
3410:
3405:
3403:
3401:
3396:
3394:
3392:
3389:Red brocket (
3387:
3386:
3384:
3382:
3381:
3376:
3370:
3368:
3363:
3361:
3359:
3358:H. antisensis
3354:
3353:
3351:
3349:
3348:
3343:
3337:
3335:
3330:
3329:
3327:
3325:
3324:
3319:
3313:
3311:
3306:
3304:
3302:
3297:
3296:
3294:
3292:
3291:
3286:
3280:
3278:
3273:
3272:
3270:
3268:
3267:
3262:
3256:
3254:
3249:
3248:
3246:
3244:
3243:
3238:
3235:
3233:
3229:
3219:
3217:
3212:
3210:
3208:
3203:
3201:
3199:
3198:C. canadensis
3194:
3192:
3190:
3185:
3183:
3181:
3176:
3175:
3173:
3171:
3170:
3165:
3159:
3157:
3152:
3150:
3148:
3147:R. timorensis
3143:
3141:
3139:
3134:
3132:
3130:
3125:
3124:
3122:
3120:
3119:
3114:
3108:
3106:
3105:E. davidianus
3101:
3100:
3098:
3096:
3095:
3090:
3084:
3082:
3077:
3075:
3073:
3072:R. duvaucelii
3068:
3067:
3065:
3063:
3062:
3057:
3051:
3049:
3044:
3042:
3040:
3037:Bawean deer (
3035:
3033:
3031:
3026:
3024:
3022:
3017:
3016:
3014:
3012:
3011:
3006:
3000:
2998:
2993:
2991:
2989:
2984:
2983:
2981:
2979:
2978:
2973:
2967:
2965:
2962:Tufted deer (
2960:
2959:
2957:
2955:
2954:
2949:
2943:
2941:
2936:
2934:
2932:
2927:
2925:
2923:
2918:
2916:
2914:
2909:
2907:
2905:
2900:
2898:
2896:
2895:M. putaoensis
2891:
2889:
2887:
2882:
2880:
2878:
2873:
2871:
2869:
2864:
2862:
2860:
2855:
2853:
2851:
2846:
2844:
2842:
2841:M. crinifrons
2837:
2835:
2833:
2828:
2827:
2825:
2823:
2822:
2817:
2814:
2812:
2808:
2804:
2799:
2792:
2788:
2774:
2772:
2768:
2762:
2760:
2756:
2746:
2744:
2739:
2737:
2735:
2734:T. versicolor
2730:
2728:
2726:
2721:
2719:
2717:
2712:
2710:
2708:
2703:
2701:
2699:
2694:
2693:
2691:
2689:
2688:
2683:
2677:
2675:
2670:
2668:
2666:
2661:
2659:
2657:
2652:
2651:
2649:
2647:
2646:
2641:
2635:
2633:
2628:
2627:
2625:
2623:
2622:
2617:
2614:
2612:
2608:
2598:
2596:
2591:
2589:
2587:
2582:
2580:
2578:
2573:
2571:
2569:
2564:
2562:
2560:
2555:
2553:
2551:
2546:
2544:
2542:
2541:M. anhuiensis
2537:
2536:
2534:
2532:
2531:
2526:
2523:
2521:
2517:
2507:
2505:
2500:
2498:
2496:
2495:G. reticulata
2491:
2489:
2487:
2482:
2480:
2478:
2473:
2472:
2470:
2468:
2467:
2462:
2456:
2454:
2449:
2448:
2446:
2444:
2443:
2438:
2435:
2433:
2429:
2419:
2417:
2412:
2411:
2409:
2407:
2406:
2401:
2398:
2396:
2392:
2388:
2384:
2378:
2374:
2368:
2364:
2362:
2358:
2356:
2352:
2350:
2346:
2344:
2340:
2339:
2336:
2331:
2323:
2318:
2316:
2311:
2309:
2304:
2303:
2300:
2293:
2292:
2286:
2282:
2279:
2274:
2270:
2268:
2264:
2263:
2259:
2253:
2248:
2243:
2235:
2229:
2225:
2218:
2215:
2210:
2204:
2200:
2193:
2190:
2187:
2180:
2177:
2172:
2166:
2162:
2157:
2156:
2147:
2145:
2141:
2130:on 2017-09-24
2126:
2122:
2118:
2114:
2110:
2106:
2102:
2098:
2094:
2087:
2085:
2076:
2073:
2068:
2064:
2061:(2): 99–106.
2060:
2056:
2052:
2045:
2043:
2039:
2034:
2030:
2026:
2022:
2018:
2014:
2007:
2005:
2001:
1989:on 2014-03-04
1988:
1984:
1980:
1979:"Lesser kudu"
1974:
1972:
1968:
1963:
1957:
1953:
1952:
1944:
1941:
1928:
1924:
1922:
1913:
1911:
1909:
1907:
1905:
1903:
1901:
1899:
1897:
1895:
1893:
1889:
1884:
1878:
1874:
1870:
1869:
1861:
1859:
1857:
1855:
1853:
1851:
1849:
1847:
1845:
1843:
1841:
1837:
1832:
1828:
1824:
1820:
1816:
1812:
1808:
1801:
1798:
1793:
1789:
1784:
1779:
1775:
1771:
1767:
1760:
1757:
1752:
1748:
1741:
1738:
1727:on 2016-02-04
1723:
1719:
1715:
1711:
1707:
1700:
1693:
1690:
1685:
1681:
1677:
1673:
1669:
1665:
1662:(3): 624–36.
1661:
1657:
1653:
1646:
1643:
1638:
1632:
1628:
1624:
1620:
1614:
1611:
1598:
1597:
1592:
1586:
1583:
1570:
1569:
1564:
1563:"Tragelaphus"
1558:
1555:
1550:
1544:
1540:
1533:
1531:
1529:
1527:
1525:
1523:
1521:
1519:
1517:
1515:
1513:
1511:
1509:
1507:
1503:
1498:
1494:
1490:
1484:
1480:
1476:
1475:
1470:
1469:Wilson, D. E.
1464:
1462:
1460:
1456:
1448:
1447:
1439:
1437:
1433:
1420:
1415:
1411:
1407:
1406:
1401:
1399:
1390:
1388:
1386:
1384:
1382:
1380:
1378:
1374:
1368:
1366:
1364:
1359:
1357:
1353:
1349:
1345:
1341:
1337:
1333:
1329:
1324:
1321:
1312:
1310:
1308:
1304:
1300:
1297:
1293:
1289:
1285:
1281:
1277:
1273:
1269:
1265:
1261:
1257:
1253:
1249:
1244:
1242:
1238:
1234:
1230:
1225:
1221:
1213:
1211:
1209:
1204:
1200:
1196:
1192:
1188:
1182:
1180:
1176:
1172:
1168:
1159:
1157:
1155:
1154:Euphorbiaceae
1151:
1150:
1145:
1144:
1139:
1135:
1130:
1129:
1124:
1120:
1115:
1113:
1112:
1107:
1106:
1101:
1097:
1093:
1089:
1088:Cucurbitaceae
1085:
1075:
1068:
1066:
1062:
1060:
1055:
1048:
1043:
1036:
1034:
1030:
1027:
1022:
1018:
1013:
1005:
998:
996:
994:
990:
986:
982:
978:
975:
970:
968:
964:
960:
956:
952:
948:
944:
940:
936:
935:mitochondrial
932:
927:
925:
921:
917:
913:
909:
905:
901:
897:
896:Edmund Heller
893:
888:
886:
882:
879:
876:, or via the
875:
872:
868:
864:
860:
856:
852:
848:
844:
840:
836:
832:
822:
821:
813:
812:
804:
803:
795:
794:
786:
785:
777:
776:
773:
772:
766:
765:
762:
761:
753:
752:
749:
748:
742:
741:
738:
737:
729:
728:
720:
719:
711:
710:
702:
701:
693:
692:
684:
683:
675:
674:
666:
665:
662:
661:
655:
654:
651:
650:
647:
646:
645:Cape bushbuck
640:
639:
633:
632:
626:
625:
619:
618:
615:
614:
606:
605:
602:
601:
595:
594:
591:
590:
587:
586:
580:
579:
573:
572:
566:
565:
559:
558:
555:
554:
551:
550:
544:
543:
537:
536:
533:
532:
529:
528:
522:
521:
515:
514:
511:
510:
502:
501:
498:
497:
491:
490:
487:
486:
483:
482:
476:
475:
469:
468:
462:
461:
455:
454:
448:
447:
441:
440:
434:
433:
427:
426:
422:
421:
415:
413:
411:
407:
402:
398:
394:
390:
386:
382:
378:
374:
370:
366:
361:
359:
353:
351:
346:
340:
338:
335:
331:
327:
323:
319:
315:
311:
307:
303:
299:
295:
294:
289:
285:
281:
278:
274:
273:
268:
254:
251:
246:
243:
242:
240:
237:
233:
228:
224:
219:
214:
208:
206:
200:
197:
196:Binomial name
193:
189:
188:
183:
180:
179:
176:
175:
171:
168:
167:
164:
161:
158:
157:
154:
151:
148:
147:
144:
141:
138:
137:
134:
131:
128:
127:
124:
121:
118:
117:
114:
111:
108:
107:
104:
101:
98:
97:
92:
87:
83:
77:
72:
61:
57:
52:
47:
43:
38:
33:
30:
19:
6754:
6696:
6684:
6673:H. amphibius
6672:
6662:Hippopotamus
6660:
6640:Whippomorpha
6609:
6600:
6591:
6579:
6567:
6558:
6549:
6540:
6528:
6477:
6465:
6453:
6441:
6429:
6417:
6392:
6383:
6374:
6365:
6356:
6347:
6338:
6329:
6321:S. cebifrons
6320:
6311:
6302:
6290:
6278:
6269:
6257:
6245:
6233:
6222:P. africanus
6221:
6212:
6202:Phacochoerus
6200:
6188:
6176:
6164:
6155:
6147:B. babyrussa
6146:
6134:
6083:
6071:
6059:
6051:P. maxwellii
6050:
6042:P. monticola
6041:
6029:
6017:
6008:
5999:
5990:
5982:C. rufilatus
5981:
5972:
5963:
5954:
5945:
5936:
5927:
5918:
5909:
5900:
5899:Bay duiker (
5892:C. crusalbum
5891:
5882:
5873:
5864:
5852:
5844:Cephalophini
5827:
5819:R. melanotis
5818:
5809:
5797:
5785:
5773:
5761:
5749:
5737:
5729:N. moschatus
5728:
5719:
5707:
5695:
5686:
5677:
5669:M. guentheri
5668:
5656:
5645:D. megalotis
5644:
5632:
5607:
5595:
5584:P. hodgsonii
5583:
5571:
5548:
5539:
5531:P. gutturosa
5530:
5518:
5506:
5497:
5488:
5479:
5470:
5458:
5446:
5434:
5422:
5413:
5404:
5395:
5387:G. erlangeri
5386:
5377:
5368:
5360:G. bennettii
5359:
5347:
5335:
5327:E. thomsonii
5326:
5318:E. rufifrons
5317:
5308:
5296:
5284:
5272:
5260:
5248:
5236:
5224:
5166:
5158:T. derbianus
5157:
5145:
5133:
5124:
5115:
5106:
5097:
5095:
5089:T. eurycerus
5088:
5079:
5070:
5046:
5038:Tragelaphini
5021:
5009:
4997:
4985:
4973:
4964:
4956:B. javanicus
4955:
4946:
4938:B. grunniens
4937:
4928:
4920:B. frontalis
4919:
4910:
4901:
4892:
4880:
4868:
4859:
4850:
4841:
4832:
4820:
4795:
4783:
4771:
4759:
4706:R. rupicapra
4705:
4697:R. pyrenaica
4696:
4684:
4672:
4660:
4648:
4639:
4638:Snow sheep (
4630:
4621:
4620:Dall sheep (
4612:
4603:
4594:
4582:
4571:N. hylocrius
4570:
4558:
4547:O. moschatus
4546:
4534:
4522:
4510:
4498:
4489:
4480:
4471:
4459:
4447:
4435:
4423:
4414:
4405:
4396:
4384:
4372:
4371:Walia ibex (
4363:
4355:C. pyrenaica
4354:
4345:
4336:
4327:
4319:C. falconeri
4318:
4309:
4300:
4291:
4279:
4268:B. taxicolor
4267:
4255:
4243:
4231:
4219:
4207:
4123:P. hodgsonii
4122:
4110:
4085:
4076:
4066:Connochaetes
4064:
4052:
4051:Hartebeest (
4040:
4028:
4019:
4007:
3995:
3983:
3975:Alcelaphinae
3959:P. capreolus
3958:
3946:
3921:
3909:
3884:
3875:
3867:R. arundinum
3866:
3854:
3842:
3834:K. megaceros
3833:
3824:
3815:
3806:
3794:
3769:
3757:
3745:
3736:
3727:
3718:
3706:
3694:
3685:
3673:
3620:
3611:
3602:
3590:
3578:
3569:
3556:
3544:
3534:
3522:
3510:
3509:Marsh deer (
3498:
3486:
3474:
3462:
3453:
3444:
3435:
3426:
3417:
3408:
3399:
3391:M. americana
3390:
3378:
3366:
3357:
3347:Hippocamelus
3345:
3333:
3321:
3309:
3301:C. capreolus
3300:
3288:
3276:
3275:Water deer (
3264:
3252:
3240:
3215:
3206:
3197:
3188:
3179:
3167:
3155:
3146:
3138:R. mariannus
3137:
3128:
3116:
3104:
3092:
3080:
3079:Eld's deer (
3071:
3070:Barasingha (
3059:
3047:
3038:
3029:
3020:
3008:
2996:
2987:
2975:
2963:
2951:
2939:
2931:M. vaginalis
2930:
2921:
2912:
2903:
2894:
2885:
2876:
2867:
2858:
2849:
2840:
2832:M. atherodes
2831:
2819:
2742:
2733:
2725:T. nigricans
2724:
2715:
2706:
2698:T. javanicus
2697:
2685:
2673:
2664:
2655:
2643:
2632:H. aquaticus
2631:
2619:
2594:
2585:
2576:
2567:
2558:
2549:
2540:
2528:
2503:
2494:
2485:
2476:
2464:
2453:O. johnstoni
2452:
2440:
2416:A. americana
2415:
2403:
2365:Superorder:
2359:Infraclass:
2330:Artiodactyla
2290:
2223:
2217:
2198:
2192:
2179:
2154:
2132:. Retrieved
2125:the original
2099:(1): 86–91.
2096:
2092:
2083:
2075:
2058:
2054:
2050:
2016:
2012:
1991:. Retrieved
1987:the original
1982:
1950:
1943:
1931:. Retrieved
1926:
1920:
1917:Paschka, N.
1867:
1814:
1810:
1806:
1800:
1776:(1): 32–50.
1773:
1769:
1759:
1750:
1746:
1740:
1729:. Retrieved
1722:the original
1709:
1705:
1692:
1659:
1655:
1651:
1645:
1626:
1613:
1601:. Retrieved
1594:
1585:
1573:. Retrieved
1566:
1557:
1538:
1473:
1445:
1423:. Retrieved
1409:
1403:
1397:
1360:
1325:
1316:
1292:Saudi Arabia
1245:
1223:
1219:
1217:
1183:
1163:
1160:Reproduction
1147:
1141:
1126:
1116:
1109:
1103:
1099:
1083:
1080:
1063:
1051:
1031:
1014:
1010:
989:Y chromosome
985:X chromosome
971:
967:sister clade
962:
951:monophyletic
938:
928:
923:
919:
915:
908:Colin Groves
903:
899:
891:
889:
885:greater kudu
880:
873:
866:
862:
858:
850:
847:Edward Blyth
838:
834:
828:
770:
769:
745:
658:
643:
598:
583:
547:
527:Greater kudu
525:
496:Common eland
494:
479:
397:Saudi Arabia
362:
354:
341:
337:Edward Blyth
318:giant elands
302:greater kudu
291:
271:
270:
266:
264:
252:
244:
204:
202:
186:
185:
173:
143:Artiodactyla
35:Lesser kudu
29:
7022:Tragelaphus
6872:iNaturalist
6779:Wikispecies
6550:L. guanicoe
6409:Tayassuidae
6373:Wild boar (
6312:S. barbatus
6270:P. larvatus
6246:P. salvania
6244:Pygmy hog (
6178:Hylochoerus
6031:Philantomba
5919:C. jentinki
5901:C. dorsalis
5854:Cephalophus
5738:N. pygmaeus
5696:M. saltiana
5634:Dorcatragus
5608:S. tatarica
5498:N. petersii
5436:Litocranius
5336:E. tilonura
5283:Blackbuck (
5259:Springbok (
5202:Antilopinae
5200:(subfamily
5147:Taurotragus
5114:Sitatunga (
5107:T. scriptus
5098:T. imberbis
5055:(including
5048:Tragelaphus
4869:B. quarlesi
4751:Boselaphini
4735:(subfamily
4640:O. nivicola
4481:N. caudatus
4470:Red goral (
4461:Naemorhedus
4424:C. swinhoei
4404:Red serow (
4386:Capricornis
4364:C. sibirica
4301:C. caucasia
4292:C. aegagrus
4290:Wild goat (
4244:A. jayakari
4233:Arabitragus
4192:(subfamily
4163:Antilopinae
4086:C. taurinus
4029:D. pygargus
3922:A. melampus
3843:K. vardonii
3805:Waterbuck (
3746:O. leucoryx
3675:Hippotragus
3603:O. hemionus
3601:Mule deer (
3500:Blastocerus
3409:M. bricenii
3367:H. bisulcus
3334:R. tarandus
3310:C. pygargus
3232:Capreolinae
3214:Sika deer (
3156:R. unicolor
3145:Rusa deer (
3048:A. porcinus
2868:M. montanus
2665:M. kathygre
2414:Pronghorn (
2405:Antilocapra
2055:Zoo Biology
1712:(B): 5–14.
1652:Tragelaphus
1350:(Somalia);
1288:South Yemen
1260:South Sudan
1191:Switzerland
1143:Sansevieria
977:chromosomes
939:Tragelaphus
924:Taurotragus
920:Tragelaphus
912:Peter Grubb
904:Tragelaphus
851:Tragelaphus
839:Tragelaphus
771:Lesser kudu
481:Giant eland
377:South Sudan
358:crepuscular
332:by English
293:Tragelaphus
284:East Africa
267:lesser kudu
174:Tragelaphus
159:Subfamily:
49:Adult male
7011:Categories
6686:Choeropsis
6568:L. vicugna
6454:C. wagneri
6357:S. oliveri
6348:S. heureni
6084:S. grimmia
6073:Sylvicapra
6060:P. walteri
5973:C. rubidis
5964:C. ogilbyi
5910:C. harveyi
5874:C. brookei
5828:R. sharpei
5808:Steenbok (
5799:Raphicerus
5751:Oreotragus
5624:Neotragini
5573:Pantholops
5489:N. notatus
5447:L. walleri
5396:G. gazella
5369:G. cuvieri
5358:Chinkara (
5250:Antidorcas
5237:A. clarkei
5226:Ammodorcas
5216:Antilopini
5116:T. spekeii
5080:T. buxtoni
5071:T. angasii
4963:Wild yak (
4947:B. indicus
4902:B. bonasus
4842:B. bubalis
4785:Boselaphus
4761:Tetracerus
4631:O. gmelini
4499:N. griseus
4472:N. baileyi
4437:Hemitragus
4406:C. rubidus
4397:C. crispus
4346:C. nubiana
4209:Ammotragus
4112:Pantholops
4042:Alcelaphus
4027:Bontebok (
4020:D. lunatus
4009:Damaliscus
3996:B. hunteri
3885:R. redunca
3786:Reduncinae
3737:O. gazella
3686:H. equinus
3612:O. pandora
3592:Odocoileus
3476:Ozotoceros
3332:Reindeer (
3277:H. inermis
3266:Hydropotes
3189:C. elaphus
3187:Red deer (
3129:R. alfredi
3046:Hog deer (
2904:M. reevesi
2877:M. muntjak
2707:T. kanchil
2674:M. meminna
2621:Hyemoschus
2611:Tragulidae
2568:M. cupreus
2486:G. giraffa
2432:Giraffidae
2383:Ruminantia
2233:2831704774
2208:0470292105
2170:0801857899
2134:2019-12-12
1983:Wildscreen
1961:1868725588
1882:0520080858
1731:2016-01-30
1706:Zitteliana
1619:Groves, C.
1603:30 January
1575:30 January
1369:References
1320:rinderpest
1224:Commiphora
1111:Commiphora
1054:camouflage
963:T. angasii
916:Ammelaphus
892:Ammelaphus
389:extirpated
230:Range map
6638:Suborder
6548:Guanaco (
6520:Camelidae
6506:Suborder
6478:D. tajacu
6467:Dicotyles
6443:Catagonus
6430:T. pecari
6375:S. scrofa
6279:P. porcus
6268:Bushpig (
6136:Babyrousa
6112:Suborder
6009:C. weynsi
6000:C. spadix
5865:C. adersi
5786:O. ourebi
5720:N. batesi
5709:Neotragus
5678:M. kirkii
5480:N. granti
5445:Gerenuk (
5414:G. spekei
5378:G. dorcas
5235:Dibatag (
5022:S. caffer
4987:Pseudoryx
4974:B. taurus
4954:Banteng (
4929:B. gaurus
4858:Tamaraw (
4704:Chamois (
4686:Rupicapra
4673:P. nayaur
4649:O. vignei
4629:Mouflon (
4328:C. hircus
4317:Markhor (
4220:A. lervia
3985:Beatragus
3911:Aepyceros
3735:Gemsbok (
3728:O. dammah
3570:P. carlae
3463:M. temama
3454:M. rufina
3418:M. chunyi
3400:M. bororo
3290:Capreolus
3216:C. nippon
3207:C. hanglu
3094:Elaphurus
3039:A. kuhlii
2953:Elaphodus
2821:Muntiacus
2656:M. indica
2645:Moschiola
2577:M. fuscus
2520:Moschidae
2381:Suborder
2341:Kingdom:
1718:1612-4138
1623:Grubb, P.
1354:(Kenya);
1301:sites in
1199:vitamin E
1187:Basle Zoo
1096:Olfactory
993:autosomes
981:subfamily
941:species.
878:Afrikaans
600:Sitatunga
339:(1869).
334:zoologist
326:sitatunga
282:found in
181:Species:
109:Kingdom:
103:Eukaryota
6942:14200730
6890:11333713
6764:Wikidata
6610:C. ferus
6566:Vicuña (
6559:L. pacos
6557:Alpaca (
6541:L. glama
6508:Tylopoda
6018:C. zebra
5946:C. niger
5520:Procapra
5298:Eudorcas
5274:Antilope
5011:Syncerus
4972:Cattle (
4965:B. mutus
4893:B. bison
4833:B. arnee
4794:Nilgai (
4671:Bharal (
4662:Pseudois
4622:O. dalli
4604:O. aries
4595:O. ammon
4593:Argali (
4545:Muskox (
4512:Oreamnos
4490:N. goral
4373:C. walie
4257:Budorcas
4194:Caprinae
4139:Caprinae
3994:Hirola (
3938:Peleinae
3920:Impala (
3825:K. leche
3823:Lechwe (
3719:O. beisa
3695:H. niger
3356:Taruca (
3323:Rangifer
3253:A. alces
3154:Sambar (
3081:R. eldii
3061:Rucervus
3019:Chital (
2811:Cervinae
2798:Cervidae
2759:Cervidae
2687:Tragulus
2361:Eutheria
2355:Mammalia
2349:Chordata
2347:Phylum:
2343:Animalia
2121:22836125
2113:18432100
1792:22226162
1753:(1–247).
1684:15878131
1625:(2011).
1497:62265494
1425:12 April
1299:rock art
1296:Holocene
1272:Djibouti
1264:Tanzania
1248:Ethiopia
1203:selenium
1149:Dracaena
1121:and the
1059:bushbuck
871:Khoikhoi
867:imberbis
393:Djibouti
381:Tanzania
365:Ethiopia
310:bushbuck
296:(family
288:ungulate
280:antelope
277:bushland
236:Synonyms
149:Family:
133:Mammalia
123:Chordata
119:Phylum:
113:Animalia
99:Domain:
76:IUCN 3.1
6929:1006279
6864:5220177
6851:1038789
6770:Q622882
6722:Cetacea
6713:Cetacea
6581:Camelus
6539:Llama (
6419:Tayassu
6235:Porcula
5784:Oribi (
5775:Ourebia
5658:Madoqua
5643:Beira (
5564:Saigini
5471:N. dama
5349:Gazella
5198:Bovidae
5196:Family
5167:T. oryx
5087:Bongo (
5069:Nyala (
4996:Saola (
4918:Gayal (
4822:Bubalus
4737:Bovinae
4733:Bovidae
4731:Family
4647:Urial (
4337:C. ibex
4266:Takin (
4190:Bovidae
4188:Family
4151:Bovinae
4077:C. gnou
3856:Redunca
3768:Addax (
3652:Bovidae
3650:Family
3558:Pudella
3545:P. pudu
3436:M. nana
3251:Moose (
3021:A. axis
2988:D. dama
2850:M. feae
2796:Family
2771:Bovidae
2716:T. napu
2530:Moschus
2466:Giraffa
2451:Okapi (
2353:Class:
2332:species
2328:Extant
2021:Bibcode
1993:2 March
1933:2 March
1831:7389415
1664:Bibcode
1256:Somalia
1175:rutting
1119:gerenuk
1026:chevron
974:diploid
863:elaphos
373:Somalia
350:sternum
298:Bovidae
215:, 1869)
169:Genus:
163:Bovinae
153:Bovidae
139:Order:
129:Class:
74: (
6994:149703
6903:625131
6825:462473
6807:ARKive
6126:Suidae
5727:Suni (
5460:Nanger
4945:Zebu (
4927:Gaur (
4812:Bovini
4536:Ovibos
3841:Puku (
3816:K. kob
3380:Mazama
3169:Cervus
2442:Okapia
2230:
2205:
2167:
2161:1140–1
2119:
2111:
1958:
1879:
1829:
1790:
1716:
1682:
1654:spp".
1633:
1591:"Kudu"
1545:
1495:
1485:
1268:Uganda
1266:, and
1220:Acacia
1179:estrus
1128:Acacia
1123:impala
1021:rufous
881:koedoe
859:tragos
549:Balbok
385:Uganda
383:, and
314:common
304:, the
290:genus
6981:70829
6968:88121
6916:22053
6885:IRMNG
6877:42340
6838:57VQR
6114:Suina
5597:Saiga
5538:Goa (
5057:kudus
4281:Capra
3948:Pelea
3814:Kob (
3796:Kobus
3759:Addax
3242:Alces
3196:Elk (
2128:(PDF)
2117:S2CID
2089:(PDF)
1873:180–2
1725:(PDF)
1702:(PDF)
1450:(PDF)
1336:Awash
1280:Awash
1252:Kenya
1138:sisal
959:nyala
955:basal
943:mtDNA
857:word
855:Greek
747:Nyala
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