574:. They were therefore designed to be self-contained warships with weapon and sensor systems to cover many possible engagements, air conditioning to allow extended tropical deployment and such 'modern' habitability features as all bunk accommodation (as opposed to hammocks). The fitting of gas turbine boost engines was specifically intended to allow the frigates to almost instantly leave ports and naval bases in the event of nuclear war, rather than have to spend four to six hours to flash up the steam boilers. The G6 gas turbine proved reliable and was generally used to leave port during the frigates' career and paved the way for gas turbine propulsion to become universal in the RN within 30 years.
674:
entered into for the supply of complex engines and machinery for eight frigates. The ships were rather small, at 360 ft (110 m), which reduced the options for later modernisation and were always going to be limited by their single-shaft propulsion. The class were still good warships in spite of being fitted with outdated guns, (they were described by some as 'guided flagpoles') if sometimes capable of 18 rounds per minute for the first two minutes, and proved the usefulness of the general purpose frigate concept and gas turbine propulsion, but the average unit costs of the Type 81s completed in 1963-64 was £500,000 more than the first eight
135:
1600:
171:
1670:
184:
34:
653:. They would cruise on the steam plant and use both systems driving the same shaft for a high-speed "boost". They suffered however from being single-shaft vessels which severely limited manoeuvrability, acceleration and deceleration. The single screw proved significantly limiting when they were used in the 1970s
673:
The costs for the Tribal Class ships escalated above the costs first envisaged and the original order of ships, (over twenty), was cancelled after the first seven ships had been completed. Only four would have been built if it had been possible to cancel the contractual commitments the Royal Navy had
607:
still required a hull 10 ft (3.0 m) longer and like twin 3/70s, were too expensive. A 3000-ton, light, displacement exceeded the limit the UK Treasury would allow for a sloop or frigate design, in the 1960s So both automatic guns were rejected on account of weight, space and cost. Even
722:
The class served throughout the 1960s and into the 1970s fulfilling their designed general purpose "colonial gunboat" role. When change in
British foreign policy made this role redundant they found themselves being pressed into service in home waters in the Cod Wars of the 1970s. They were not
602:
destroyers. Although these mountings were refurbished with Remote Power
Control (RPC) operation, they still required manual loading on an exposed open back, mounting. Originally the intended gun armament was two twin 4-inch (102 mm) Second World War standard mounts, then twin 3-inch
608:
though they provided a realistic solution to the RN AA/ DP gun requirement, due to cost, and the problem of cost of developing stocks and logistic support, for new types of ammunition and doubt of the usefulness of medium gun AA against post 1962 jet air and missile targets.
751:) being reactivated to cover ships deployed to the South Atlantic or undergoing long-term repairs after the conflict. The remaining units were cannibalised for spare parts to enable the 3 ships to be refitted. These ships were sold in 1984 to
682:, completed in 1961 was considered too high and hence limited the number actually built; the original intent was to build 23 Type 81s. This meant that further 1960s RN frigate development would be based on the more conservative steam-powered
657:
in terms of manoeuvering in ramming manoeuvres, for and against, Icelandic coast guard cutters. The cramped awkward nature of the helicopter pad and handling provision was also exposed in the 1976 Cod War and was a major reason that some
1481:
Note that the 1963-64 naval estimates gave an estimated acceptance date of March 1963, and an estimated building cost of £4,205,000. Presumably the explanation is that the 1964-65 estimates are correct, and the 1963-64 proved
734:
All were decommissioned from the Royal Navy during the mid-to-late 1970s with the manpower crisis also attributing to the rapid removal of the class from service. They were however given a brief reprieve by the
545:
to all by 1977, limited by their single propeller and low speed of 24 knots. In 1979–80 age and crew and fuel shortages saw them transferred to the stand-by squadrons; three were reactivated in 1982 during the
634:
The
Tribals were the first modern RN ships designed to use a combination of power sources, a feature which had been trialled with limited success in the 1930s in the minelayer
1501:
Table 3 (Programme): List and particulars of new ships which have been accepted or are expected to be accepted into HM service during the
Financial Year ended 31 March 1965
1471:
Table 3 (Programme): List and particulars of new ships which have been accepted or are expected to be accepted into HM service during the
Financial Year ended 31 March 1964
603:(76 mm) 70 caliber mounts which 256 ton weight for 2 turrets was too heavy. A lighter automatic gun fit of two N(R) single automatic 4-inch guns, as fitted in Chile's
1580:
582:
They were the first class of the Royal Navy to be designed from the start to operate a helicopter and the first small escorts to carry a long-range air search
665:
frigates were given further refits in preference to the
Tribals and maintained in higher status reserve in the early 1980s limitations on defence spending.
1445:
List and particulars of new ships which have been accepted or are expected to be accepted into HM service during the
Financial Year ended 31 March 1963
1357:
List and particulars of new ships which have been accepted or are expected to be accepted into HM service during the
Financial Year ended 31 March 1962
1776:
51:
1524:
1750:
714:"General Purpose Frigates" were originally envisaged for a similar gunboat role to the Tribal-class ships and to operate East of Suez.
595:
452:
1573:
1553:
1539:
117:
98:
896:
817:
70:
620:
459:
1781:
55:
77:
1566:
299:
20:
808:
84:
1088:
562:
The
Tribals were designed during the 1950s as a response to the increasing cost of single-role vessels such as the
723:
particularly suited to these duties however, as they had a hull form optimised for the calm, shallow water of the
623:
in lieu. The rest of the class were fitted with Seacat in the 1970s using surplus missile systems, left over from
44:
604:
66:
537:
to maintain frigate numbers. After the
British withdrawal from East of Suez in 1971 the Tribals operated in the
134:
1771:
1728:
201:
691:
659:
642:
628:
624:
519:
483:
337:
699:
563:
473:
683:
350:
900:
635:
91:
1613:
1237:
P.Marland. Postwar weapons in the RN in Warship 2015.(2015) Conway.Lobdon, p144-5,148-9 & 159
1044:
800:
526:
1127:
The building costs given above are official figures from the Navy/Defence Estimates. Note that
1309:
1271:
1707:
1695:
1648:
1641:
1634:
1627:
1620:
1549:
1535:
1520:
1048:
1036:
1021:
984:
940:
925:
888:
846:
570:. They were designed specifically with colonial 'gunboat' duties in mind, particularly in the
139:
612:
1199:
A Century of Naval Construction. The History of Royal Corps of Naval constructors 1883-1983
375:
4,500 nautical miles (8,300 km; 5,200 mi) at 12 knots (22 km/h; 14 mph)
1737:
1683:
1675:
1655:
1114:
1080:
948:
707:
591:
214:
189:
1054:(b) Vickers-Armstrongs (Engineers) Ltd, Barrow-in-Furness (steam turbines and gearing)
1000:(b) Vickers-Armstrongs (Engineers) Ltd, Barrow-in-Furness (steam turbines and gearing)
996:
766:
587:
542:
533:. In the mid 1960s the seven Tribals were reclassified as second class general-purpose
480:
466:
293:
1302:
1264:
1765:
736:
650:
547:
497:
343:
724:
599:
530:
515:
1331:"Unit cost, i.e. excluding cost of certain items (e.g. aircraft, First Outfits)."
992:
854:
646:
571:
551:
354:
33:
1605:
858:
567:
176:
958:(b) Fairfield Shipbuilding and Engineering Co Ltd, Govan, Glasgow (gearing)
812:
752:
641:. An additive mix of steam and gas turbine called "COmbined Steam and Gas"
956:(b) JS White & Co Ltd, Cowes, Isle of Wight (steam and gas turbines)
654:
615:
anti-aircraft missile system anti-aircraft missile system but all except
274:
1558:
1093:(b) J I Thornycroft & Co Ltd, Southampton (steam and gas turbines)
728:
534:
261:
904:(b) JI Thornycroft & Co Ltd, Southampton (steam and gas turbines)
1225:
All the World's Fighting Ships 1947-1982. Pt One. The Western Powers
1052:(b) Associated Electrical Industries Ltd, Manchester (gas turbine)
649:
engine coupled with the cruising efficiency and reliability of the
952:
583:
417:
408:
395:
538:
1562:
1176:
British Destroyers and Frigates. The Second World War and After
1095:(b) Parsons Marine Turbine Co Ltd, Wallsend-on-Tyne (gearing)
906:(b) Parsons Marine Turbine Co Ltd, Wallsend-on-Tyne (gearing)
727:
and with only a single shaft were unable to manoeuvre with the
518:
to carry out similar duties to the immediate post war improved
1188:
Freidman. British Destroyers & Frigates. UK (2006), p. 247
27:
678:
s and the final cost of over £5 million of the first Tribal,
645:
was used. This gave the rapid start-up and acceleration of a
541:
North Atlantic sphere with the only update the fitting of
1414:, pub Sampson Low, Marston & Co Ltd, 1966, page 292.
862:(b) Associated Electrical Industries Ltd, Manchester
1534:. Annapolis, Maryland: Naval Institute Press, 1995.
1287:
Rebuilding the Royal Navy: Warship Design since 1945
611:
From the outset they were designed to carry the new
566:. They were first such 'multi role' vessels for the
1666:
1596:
1135:of £5,220,000, as against £5,315,000 quoted in the
58:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
1301:
1263:
1532:Conway's All the World's Fighting Ships 1947–1995
1519:. London: Sampson Low, Marston & Co, 1971.
324:17 ft 6 in (5.33 m) (propellers)
1249:Naval Institute Guide to Naval Weapons Systems
1002:(b) Yarrow and Co Ltd, Glasgow (gas turbine)
1574:
8:
367:27 knots (50 km/h; 31 mph) (COSAG)
1406:
1404:
1402:
1400:
1398:
1396:
1394:
1392:
1390:
1388:
1386:
1384:
1218:
1216:
1201:. Conway Maritime. (1983) London, pp. 17-18
1581:
1567:
1559:
1382:
1380:
1378:
1376:
1374:
1372:
1370:
1368:
1366:
1364:
16:Class of frigates built for the Royal Navy
1492:
1490:
1488:
1462:
1460:
1458:
1456:
1454:
1452:
1436:
1434:
1432:
1430:
1428:
1426:
1424:
1422:
1420:
1348:
1346:
1344:
1342:
550:for training and guardship duties in the
118:Learn how and when to remove this message
762:
280:2,700 long tons (2,700 t) full load
1530:Gardiner, Robert and Stephen Chumbley.
1148:
298:350 ft 0 in (106.68 m)
292:360 ft 0 in (109.73 m)
129:
1045:Vickers-Armstrongs (Shipbuilders) Ltd
514:, frigates were ordered and built as
7:
1322:UK Defence Estimates 63-4 & 64-5
56:adding citations to reliable sources
1164:Gardiner and Chumbley 1995, p. 518.
311:42 ft 3 in (12.88 m)
1751:List of frigates of the Royal Navy
731:patrol vessels at close quarters.
453:QF 4.5 inch (113 mm) Mark 5* Mod 1
414:Radar type 262 GWS-21 fire-control
321:13 ft 3 in (4.04 m)
14:
1131:quotes a slightly lower cost for
690:, subsequently modernised in the
1668:
1598:
818:Associated Electrical Industries
619:initially carried single Mark 7
182:
169:
133:
32:
698:and finalised in the excellent
426:Sonar type 162 bottom profiling
401:Radar type 993 low-angle search
346:12,500 shp (9,300 kW)
43:needs additional citations for
1777:Ship classes of the Royal Navy
1412:Jane's Fighting Ships, 1966-67
1227:. London: Conway. p. 162.
1223:Gardiner, Robert, ed. (1983).
596:QF 4.5-in (113 mm) Mark 5 guns
357:7,500 shp (5,600 kW)
1:
1546:Jane's Fighting Ships 1977-78
1517:Jane's Fighting Ships 1971–72
739:, with 3 mothballed Tribals (
439:Sonar type 199 variable-depth
897:J I Thornycroft & Co Ltd
1697:Wilhelmus Zakarias Yohannes
1178:, UK: Seaforth, p. 242
1089:Alex Stephen & Sons Ltd
928:Wilhelmus Zakarias Yohannes
594:. They were armed with two
590:with a single 'rake' AKE-1
1798:
1497:Defence Estimates, 1965-66
1467:Defence Estimates, 1964-65
1270:. London: Janes. pp.
1075:
1031:
979:
935:
883:
841:
795:
764:
18:
1746:
1723:
1685:Martha Khristina Tiyahahu
1308:. London: Janes. p.
1247:Friedman, Norman (1991).
1117:Martha Khristina Tiyahahu
791:
773:
605:Almirante-class destroyer
404:Radar type 978 navigation
252:
149:
132:
1300:Preston, Antony (1980).
1262:Preston, Antony (1980).
789:Estimated building cost
253:General characteristics
1515:Blackman, Raymond V.B.
1441:Navy Estimates, 1963-64
1353:Navy Estimates, 1962-63
706:. The later Royal Navy
598:salvaged from scrapped
277:(2,300 t) standard
158:Type 81 or Tribal class
1210:D.K. Brown (1983) p 18
1155:Blackman 1971, p. 356.
1137:1962-63 Navy Estimates
949:J S White & Co Ltd
783:Accepted into service
67:"Tribal-class frigate"
1782:Tribal-class frigates
1590:Tribal-class frigates
1410:Blackman, Raymond VB
1304:Warships of the World
1266:Warships of the World
1174:Freidman, N. (2006),
1091:, Linthouse, Glasgow
465:2 × four-rail GWS-20
423:Sonar type 170 attack
1548:, Jane's Yearbooks,
1129:Janes Fighting Ships
976:Sunk as target 1986
953:Cowes, Isle of Wight
880:Sunk as target 1987
838:Sunk as target 1988
411:gunnery fire-control
52:improve this article
19:For other uses, see
1008:19 September 1960
809:Yarrow & Co Ltd
527:Loch-class frigates
398:type 965 air-search
1335:Defences Estimates
1098:13 December 1960
1066:29 November 1963
1057:23 December 1960
1014:26 February 1962
970:21 February 1963
918:13 February 1963
868:6 September 1960
865:7 September 1959
832:23 November 1961
631:destroyer refits.
458:2 × single Mark 7
390:processing systems
1759:
1758:
1125:
1124:
1049:Barrow-in-Furness
1005:22 October 1959
961:22 October 1958
909:3 November 1958
823:15 January 1958
820:Ltd, Manchester
621:40 mm Bofors guns
504:
503:
460:40 mm Bofors guns
211:Succeeded by
128:
127:
120:
102:
1789:
1738:Type 21 frigates
1674:
1672:
1671:
1604:
1602:
1601:
1583:
1576:
1569:
1560:
1503:
1494:
1483:
1479:
1473:
1464:
1447:
1438:
1415:
1408:
1359:
1350:
1337:
1329:
1323:
1320:
1314:
1313:
1307:
1297:
1291:
1290:
1282:
1276:
1275:
1269:
1259:
1253:
1252:
1244:
1238:
1235:
1229:
1228:
1220:
1211:
1208:
1202:
1195:
1189:
1186:
1180:
1179:
1171:
1165:
1162:
1156:
1153:
1121:, stricken 2000
1028:, stricken 2000
932:, stricken 2000
874:9 October 1962
763:
600:Second World War
493:Aircraft carried
188:
186:
185:
175:
173:
172:
137:
130:
123:
116:
112:
109:
103:
101:
60:
36:
28:
1797:
1796:
1792:
1791:
1790:
1788:
1787:
1786:
1772:Frigate classes
1762:
1761:
1760:
1755:
1742:
1719:
1676:Indonesian Navy
1669:
1667:
1662:
1599:
1597:
1592:
1587:
1512:
1507:
1506:
1495:
1486:
1480:
1476:
1465:
1450:
1439:
1418:
1409:
1362:
1355:, pages 218-9,
1351:
1340:
1332:
1330:
1326:
1321:
1317:
1299:
1298:
1294:
1284:
1283:
1279:
1261:
1260:
1256:
1246:
1245:
1241:
1236:
1232:
1222:
1221:
1214:
1209:
1205:
1196:
1192:
1187:
1183:
1173:
1172:
1168:
1163:
1159:
1154:
1150:
1145:
1107:17 April 1964
1094:
1092:
1072:Sold for scrap
1063:December 1963
1053:
1051:
1001:
999:
967:February 1963
964:20 March 1960
957:
955:
915:February 1963
905:
903:
871:November 1962
861:
829:November 1961
815:
761:
720:
671:
627:destroyers and
580:
560:
543:Seacat missiles
420:type 177 search
389:
190:Indonesian Navy
183:
181:
170:
168:
145:
124:
113:
107:
104:
61:
59:
49:
37:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
1795:
1793:
1785:
1784:
1779:
1774:
1764:
1763:
1757:
1756:
1754:
1753:
1747:
1744:
1743:
1741:
1740:
1734:
1724:
1721:
1720:
1718:
1717:
1705:
1693:
1680:
1678:
1664:
1663:
1661:
1660:
1653:
1646:
1639:
1632:
1625:
1618:
1610:
1608:
1594:
1593:
1588:
1586:
1585:
1578:
1571:
1563:
1557:
1556:
1543:
1528:
1511:
1508:
1505:
1504:
1484:
1474:
1448:
1416:
1360:
1338:
1324:
1315:
1292:
1277:
1254:
1251:. p. 410.
1239:
1230:
1212:
1203:
1190:
1181:
1166:
1157:
1147:
1146:
1144:
1141:
1123:
1122:
1111:
1108:
1105:
1102:
1099:
1096:
1085:
1078:
1074:
1073:
1070:
1067:
1064:
1061:
1060:5 April 1962
1058:
1055:
1041:
1034:
1030:
1029:
1018:
1015:
1012:
1009:
1006:
1003:
989:
982:
978:
977:
974:
971:
968:
965:
962:
959:
945:
938:
934:
933:
922:
919:
916:
913:
912:11 July 1960
910:
907:
893:
886:
882:
881:
878:
875:
872:
869:
866:
863:
851:
844:
840:
839:
836:
833:
830:
827:
826:9 March 1959
824:
821:
805:
798:
794:
793:
790:
787:
784:
781:
778:
775:
772:
769:
760:
757:
719:
716:
670:
667:
579:
576:
559:
556:
502:
501:
494:
490:
489:
488:
487:
477:
474:20 mm Oerlikon
470:
467:Seacat missile
463:
456:
447:
443:
442:
441:
440:
437:
427:
424:
421:
415:
412:
405:
402:
399:
391:
385:
384:
381:
377:
376:
373:
369:
368:
365:
361:
360:
359:
358:
347:
340:
332:
328:
327:
326:
325:
322:
317:
313:
312:
309:
305:
304:
303:
302:
296:
288:
284:
283:
282:
281:
278:
269:
265:
264:
259:
255:
254:
250:
249:
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242:
241:
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234:
233:
230:
226:
225:
222:
218:
217:
212:
208:
207:
199:
195:
194:
193:
192:
179:
164:
160:
159:
156:
152:
151:
150:Class overview
147:
146:
138:
126:
125:
40:
38:
31:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1794:
1783:
1780:
1778:
1775:
1773:
1770:
1769:
1767:
1752:
1749:
1748:
1745:
1739:
1736:Followed by:
1735:
1733:
1731:
1727:Preceded by:
1726:
1725:
1722:
1715:
1711:
1710:
1706:
1703:
1699:
1698:
1694:
1691:
1687:
1686:
1682:
1681:
1679:
1677:
1665:
1659:
1658:
1654:
1652:
1651:
1647:
1645:
1644:
1640:
1638:
1637:
1633:
1631:
1630:
1626:
1624:
1623:
1619:
1617:
1616:
1612:
1611:
1609:
1607:
1595:
1591:
1584:
1579:
1577:
1572:
1570:
1565:
1564:
1561:
1555:
1554:0-531-03277-9
1551:
1547:
1544:
1541:
1540:1-55750-132-7
1537:
1533:
1529:
1526:
1525:0 354 00096 9
1522:
1518:
1514:
1513:
1509:
1502:
1498:
1493:
1491:
1489:
1485:
1478:
1475:
1472:
1468:
1463:
1461:
1459:
1457:
1455:
1453:
1449:
1446:
1442:
1437:
1435:
1433:
1431:
1429:
1427:
1425:
1423:
1421:
1417:
1413:
1407:
1405:
1403:
1401:
1399:
1397:
1395:
1393:
1391:
1389:
1387:
1385:
1383:
1381:
1379:
1377:
1375:
1373:
1371:
1369:
1367:
1365:
1361:
1358:
1354:
1349:
1347:
1345:
1343:
1339:
1336:
1328:
1325:
1319:
1316:
1311:
1306:
1305:
1296:
1293:
1289:. p. 84.
1288:
1281:
1278:
1273:
1268:
1267:
1258:
1255:
1250:
1243:
1240:
1234:
1231:
1226:
1219:
1217:
1213:
1207:
1204:
1200:
1197:D. K. Brown.
1194:
1191:
1185:
1182:
1177:
1170:
1167:
1161:
1158:
1152:
1149:
1142:
1140:
1138:
1134:
1130:
1120:
1118:
1112:
1109:
1106:
1103:
1101:3 July 1962
1100:
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786:Commissioned
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737:Falklands War
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548:Falklands War
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523:-class sloops
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498:Westland Wasp
495:
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481:Mark 10 Limbo
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336:Single-shaft
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229:In commission
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69: –
68:
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63:Find sources:
57:
53:
47:
46:
41:This article
39:
35:
30:
29:
26:
22:
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1286:
1285:Brown, F.K.
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1116:
1110:£5,100,000
1104:April 1964
1081:
1069:£4,750,000
1037:
1023:
1017:£4,300,000
1011:April 1963
985:
973:£4,560,000
941:
927:
921:£4,865,000
889:
877:£4,360,000
847:
835:£5,315,000
801:
748:
744:
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733:
725:Persian Gulf
721:
709:
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693:
685:
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672:
669:Shortcomings
660:
637:
633:
629:County-class
625:Battle-class
616:
610:
581:
561:
531:Persian Gulf
520:
512:Tribal class
511:
507:
505:
433:
429:
388:Sensors and
268:Displacement
202:
141:
114:
105:
95:
88:
81:
74:
62:
50:Please help
45:verification
42:
25:
21:Tribal-class
1499:, page 75,
1482:optimistic.
1469:, page 73,
1443:, page 71,
1119: (331)
1113:Indonesian
1026: (333)
1020:Indonesian
993:HM Dockyard
930: (332)
924:Indonesian
901:Southampton
855:HM Dockyard
647:gas turbine
572:Middle East
552:West Indies
472:2 × single
451:2 × single
355:gas turbine
198:Preceded by
1766:Categories
1709:Hasanuddin
1606:Royal Navy
1510:References
1333:Text from
1024:Hasanuddin
859:Portsmouth
777:Laid Down
700:Type 12I (
692:Type 12M (
568:Royal Navy
521:Black Swan
500:helicopter
380:Complement
331:Propulsion
177:Royal Navy
78:newspapers
1730:Blackwood
1143:Footnotes
1115:KRI
1022:KRI
997:Devonport
926:KRI
780:Launched
753:Indonesia
729:Icelandic
708:Type 21 (
684:Type 12 (
638:Adventure
636:HMS
351:Metrovick
275:long tons
237:Completed
232:1961–2000
224:1958–1964
203:Blackwood
163:Operators
140:HMS
108:June 2008
774:Builder
694:Rothesay
661:Rothesay
655:Cod Wars
588:Type 965
564:Type 14s
535:frigates
462:, later;
446:Armament
409:type 903
1615:Ashanti
1133:Ashanti
813:Glasgow
802:Ashanti
767:Pennant
718:Service
712:) class
704:)-class
702:Leander
696:) class
688:) class
680:Ashanti
676:Leander
592:antenna
558:History
529:in the
508:Type 81
469:systems
430:Ashanti
316:Draught
262:Frigate
245:Retired
215:Type 21
92:scholar
1714:Tartar
1702:Gurkha
1673:
1650:Mohawk
1643:Tartar
1636:Nubian
1629:Gurkha
1622:Eskimo
1603:
1552:
1538:
1523:
1038:Mohawk
986:Tartar
942:Eskimo
890:Gurkha
848:Nubian
745:Tartar
741:Gurkha
710:Amazon
686:Whitby
663:-class
586:, the
578:Design
516:sloops
486:mortar
434:Gurkha
407:Radar
287:Length
273:2,300
187:
174:
142:Eskimo
94:
87:
80:
73:
65:
1732:class
1272:168–9
1077:F124
1033:F125
981:F133
937:F119
885:F122
843:F131
797:F117
792:Fate
771:Name
759:Ships
643:COSAG
584:radar
510:, or
418:Sonar
396:Radar
372:Range
364:Speed
338:COSAG
221:Built
205:class
99:JSTOR
85:books
1712:(ex-
1700:(ex-
1690:Zulu
1688:(ex-
1657:Zulu
1550:ISBN
1536:ISBN
1521:ISBN
1087:(a)
1082:Zulu
1043:(a)
991:(a)
947:(a)
895:(a)
853:(a)
816:(b)
807:(a)
749:Zulu
747:and
617:Zulu
539:NATO
525:and
506:The
496:1 ×
479:1 ×
476:guns
455:guns
432:and
353:G-6
308:Beam
258:Type
155:Name
71:news
1310:169
484:ASW
383:253
54:by
1768::
1487:^
1451:^
1419:^
1363:^
1341:^
1215:^
1139:.
1047:,
995:,
951:,
899:,
857:,
811:,
755:.
743:,
554:.
349:1
342:1
300:pp
294:oa
1716:)
1704:)
1692:)
1582:e
1575:t
1568:v
1542:.
1527:.
1312:.
1274:.
436:;
248:7
240:7
121:)
115:(
110:)
106:(
96:·
89:·
82:·
75:·
48:.
23:.
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