33:
318:
470:
55:
516:
produces a weakly alkaline result (faint purple) and clearing of milk solids with a characteristic halo on the periphery. Negative test results occur for the urease test, hair perforation test, and casamino acids erythritol albumin agar. In conjunction to physiological tests, contact with cattle
366:
that can be viable for up to 4 years. Rearing cattle together with other ruminants, such as sheep, may increase prevalence of infection due to ruminants being able to roam free, spreading the infection. One study in Italy of 20 farms and 294 cattle found all farms contained infected cattle, with
361:
The disease is important economically, as it can spoil milk, meat, and leather quality of cattle. Infection in cattle peaks in fall and winter in overcrowded and cramped cattle-housing. Transmission can occur directly through contact between sick and healthy animals, and indirectly through
244:
largely responsible for fungal skin disease in cattle, but is also a common cause of ringworm in donkeys, dogs, goat, sheep, and horses. It has a worldwide distribution, however human infection is more common in rural areas where contact with animals is more frequent, and can cause severe
529:
had to visit a physician on average of 2.5 times, with 25 days elapsing, before a proper diagnosis was obtained. This may lead to an underestimation of the true number of cases, as many people will recover from the disease before obtaining a proper diagnosis. Looking at the
449:. It is the most common cause of tinea barbae in man. A vaccine exists for both cattle and humans, and combined with hygienic practices has led to a decline in cases. It has also been observed that recurrent infections do not occur. Treatment can include oral
500:, and as such can be distinguished from other dermatophytes by observing strong growth on Trichophyton agar 3 (a medium rich in thiamine and inositol) and none to weak growth on Trichophyton agars 1 and 2 (deficient in these nutrients). It will also grow on
884:
Sayfarth, F., Roediger, C., Graser, Y., Erhard, M., Burmester, A., Elsner, P., Hipler, UC. (2011). "Case report: Trichophyton verrucosum infection after needlestick injury with an attenuated live vaccine against cattle ringworm".
357:
is endemic in cattle, and almost exclusively the fungus that is isolated from cattle with ringworm, with younger cattle being more prone to infection due to their skin having higher pH, and having weaker immune systems.
304:
become thick-walled and found in long chains. Macronidia are more commonly produced on BCP-milk solids-yeast extract agar, and only on colonies over 7 days old. Under refrigeration, it will die. Regions infected with
1043:
Agnetti, F., Righi, C., Scoccia, E., Felici, A., Crotti, S., Moretta, I., Papini, M. (2014). "Trichophyton verrucosum infection in cattle farms of Umbria (Central Italy) and transmission to humans".
260:
is very slow-growing compared to other dermatophytes. In culture, it is characterized by being flat, white/cream colour, having an occasional dome, with a glabrous texture, known as the variant
337:
is thought to have evolved from a soil-dwelling ancestor that migrated to its contemporary cattle host, losing many features that it previously required for survival in soil habitats through
1086:
1026:
928:
774:
720:
628:
586:
512:(BCP) milk solids glucose agar, a medium used to distinguish the dermatophytes from bacteria and other organisms by evaluating ammonium production during proteolysis,
2649:
2688:
538:. Swollen chlamydospores 5-10 ΞΌm in diameter will appear outside the hair shaft, while skin samples will have swollen spores mixed with dermatophyte filaments.
1235:
O'Gorman, S. M.; Britton, D.; Collins, P. (June 2015). "An uncommon dermatophyte infection: two cases of cutaneous infection with
Trichophyton verrucosum".
484:
In preparing samples for diagnosis, a scraping of the skin from the active border of infection is taken, and is inoculated directly onto the test medium.
417:, and grain handlers (infection can also be transmitted human-to-human, thus family members of these workers are also at risk). Infection of the hair is
2636:
2175:
1859:
1143:
Sarkisov, A. K.; Petrovitch, S. V.; Nikiforov, L. I.; Yablochnik, L. M.; Koroleva, V. P. (1971). "Immunization of Cattle against
Trichophytosis".
983:
Papini, R., Nadoni, S., Fanelli, A., Mancianti, F. (March 2009). "High
Infection Rate of Trichophyton verrucosum in Calves from Central Italy".
1336:
Morrell, Jessica; Stratman, Erik (October 2011). "Primary Care and
Specialty Care Delays in Diagnosing Infection Related to Cattle Exposure".
1219:
2090:
1830:
1826:
461:; topical treatment is also possible, however it requires more time and may have lower rates of compliance, proving to be less effective.
401:, and can be transmitted through direct contact or bites, but there have also been recorded cases of laboratory acquired infection, and
704:
297:
292:
is rarely seen and is associated with sheep. Under a microscope, macronidia are rare, and have a rat-tail or string bean shape, while
2040:
1396:
1162:
Seebacher, Claus; Bouchara, Jean-Philippe; Mignon, Bernard (14 May 2008). "Updates on the
Epidemiology of Dermatophyte Infections".
863:
838:
808:
758:
612:
570:
391:
and other zoophilic dermatophytes are the most frequently isolated fungi from skin lesions in
Southern Europe and the Middle East (
2749:
2075:
1854:
1849:
1556:
2180:
1821:
1546:
647:
Havlickova, Blanka; Czaika, Viktor A.; Friedrich, Markus (September 2008). "Epidemiological trends in skin mycoses worldwide".
1551:
1305:
397:, a dermatophyte that more commonly infects humans, is the most prevalent in other regions). Infection to humans is largely
945:
El-Tras, Wael F.; Tayel, Ahmed A.; Mohamed, Radi A.; El-Kordy, Doaa M.; El-Kady, Nevein N.; Samir, Ahmed (September 2015).
525:
can occur, with the prescribed antibacterial treatment having no effect. Indeed, one study found that people infected with
517:
should also be used as a criterion due to the zoophilic and occupational nature of the disease. Otherwise, misdiagnosis as
2675:
1895:
2443:
54:
2515:
413:
of transmission. The majority of infections are occupational, and this includes agricultural workers, veterinarians,
2744:
1621:
1563:
535:
2693:
2351:
2739:
2358:
1920:
1600:
349:
activity, and the ability to perforate hair. Infection is characterized by 10β50 mm patches of hair loss,
296:
are tear-shaped and have been only observed in laboratories when grown under enriched conditions. It lacks a
2754:
2439:
2402:
2344:
2269:
2244:
2238:
2035:
1727:
32:
184:
2552:
2467:
2398:
2137:
2126:
2055:
2045:
2030:
1936:
1901:
1873:
1838:
1810:
1628:
379:
and A. K. Sarkisov at the All-Russian
Scientific Research Institute of Experimental Veterinary Medicine.
2210:
1958:
1614:
1389:
1080:
1020:
922:
410:
149:
1100:
RybnikΓ‘Ε, A; Chumela, J; Vrzal, V; Krupka, V (1991). "Immunity in cattle vaccinated against ringworm".
1988:
2703:
2628:
2597:
2384:
2374:
2188:
2085:
2080:
1944:
1867:
1806:
1278:
Noble, SL; Forbes, RC; Stamm, PL (July 1998). "Diagnosis and management of common tinea infections".
2496:
2224:
2216:
2050:
1642:
392:
2408:
2390:
2206:
2202:
2119:
2112:
2070:
1816:
1361:
1260:
1187:
1125:
1068:
1008:
910:
768:
714:
672:
622:
580:
509:
402:
171:
49:
2654:
405:
during vaccination. Contact with horse blankets and cattle posts can also cause infection, and
317:
2711:
2584:
2535:
2520:
1671:
1607:
1536:
1353:
1287:
1252:
1215:
1179:
1117:
1060:
1000:
902:
859:
834:
804:
754:
700:
664:
608:
566:
469:
376:
116:
534:
under a microscope may also aid in diagnosis, which is done by adding 10% KOH solution and a
2473:
2429:
2369:
2288:
2105:
2025:
2014:
1786:
1722:
1382:
1345:
1244:
1171:
1109:
1052:
992:
958:
947:"Mixed rearing correlates with the existence of Trichophyton verrucosum pathogens in humans"
894:
656:
2716:
2330:
1685:
1578:
1573:
1514:
1477:
531:
367:
prevalence within farms ranging between 25-100%. In contrast, immunization has eradicated
2623:
2458:
2275:
2132:
1982:
1971:
1950:
1844:
1509:
1427:
1409:
1113:
501:
446:
434:
301:
96:
1374:
300:. At 37 Β°C (the only dermatophyte with an optimum growth temperature this high),
2733:
2530:
2491:
2424:
2337:
2260:
2165:
2149:
2098:
1964:
1931:
1926:
1707:
1541:
1519:
1497:
996:
898:
797:
660:
505:
422:
409:
has also been isolated from flies, although it is unknown whether flies can serve as
375:
were affected. The LTF-130 vaccine was developed in the early 1970s by a team led by
338:
1365:
1264:
1191:
1129:
1072:
914:
2589:
2320:
2281:
2230:
2170:
1741:
1735:
1691:
1635:
1568:
1531:
1526:
1493:
1472:
1012:
676:
522:
458:
442:
438:
350:
241:
126:
1349:
2680:
2305:
2159:
2020:
1976:
1887:
1677:
454:
450:
342:
2575:
2525:
2508:
2300:
2194:
2060:
1797:
1777:
1716:
1463:
1436:
1175:
963:
946:
195:
106:
86:
799:
Medical mycology : the pathogenic fungi and the pathogenic actinomycetes
2610:
2315:
1450:
489:
281:
66:
1357:
1256:
1183:
1064:
1004:
906:
668:
1291:
1121:
2662:
2569:
2502:
2065:
1445:
518:
497:
493:
480:(R) grown for 7 d on Bromocresol purple milk solids glucose agar at 37 C.
430:
418:
398:
293:
237:
2641:
1881:
1768:
1762:
1757:
1422:
1417:
1405:
414:
363:
1248:
1056:
2667:
1502:
1441:
426:
372:
346:
76:
2546:
749:
Kane, J., Summerbell, R., Sigler, L., Krajden, S., Land. G. (1997).
2615:
1214:(1 ed.). Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg. pp. 304β307.
2004:
1583:
1432:
468:
316:
1454:
309:
will fluoresce under a blacklight in cattle, but not in humans.
2602:
2550:
1378:
858:. Bilbao: Revista Iberoamericana de MicologΓa. pp. 30β43.
1313:
University of
Alberta Microfungus Collection & Herbarium
371:
from herds in
Eastern Germany and by 2012 only two herds in
321:
Cow showing characteristic hairless lesions associated with
508:(which provides the inositol and thiamine it requires). In
856:
Biology of dermatophytes and other keratinophilic fungi
833:. Philadelphia: Lea & Febiger. pp. 238β240.
2559:
2484:
2457:
2423:
2368:
2314:
2299:
2259:
2148:
2003:
1912:
1796:
1785:
1776:
1756:
1706:
1663:
1592:
1486:
1471:
1462:
1416:
1212:
Human
Infection with Fungi, Actinomycetes and Algae
796:
1331:
1329:
1038:
1036:
879:
877:
875:
1390:
978:
976:
974:
690:
688:
686:
607:. Edinburgh: Elsevier Churchill Livingstone.
8:
1205:
1203:
1201:
1085:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
1025:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
940:
938:
927:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
824:
822:
820:
790:
788:
786:
784:
773:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
719:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
642:
640:
638:
627:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
598:
596:
585:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
556:
554:
552:
550:
249:was first described by Emile Bodin in 1902.
264:, however other variations are also found:
2547:
2311:
1793:
1782:
1773:
1483:
1468:
1459:
1397:
1383:
1375:
744:
742:
740:
738:
736:
734:
732:
730:
31:
20:
1622:Trichophyton interdigitale/mentagrophytes
962:
803:(2nd ed.). Philadelphia: Saunders.
2176:Allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis
1860:Progressive disseminated histoplasmosis
546:
1078:
1018:
920:
766:
712:
695:Cambell, Johnson, and Warnock (2013).
620:
578:
245:inflammation of the afflicted region.
1237:Clinical and Experimental Dermatology
272:has a flat, yellow, glabrous colony;
7:
2704:eab0f780-0b7c-4e6d-bccb-2ffb29817a11
2091:Erosio interdigitalis blastomycetica
1831:Primary pulmonary coccidioidomycosis
1827:Primary cutaneous coccidioidomycosis
751:Laboratory Handbook of Dermatophytes
565:. California: Star. pp. 85β90.
699:(2nd ed.). Chichester: Wiley.
1114:10.1111/j.1439-0507.1991.tb00809.x
697:Identification of pathogenic fungi
563:Medical Mycology and Human Mycoses
14:
603:Tyring, Lupi, and Hengge (2005).
387:While distribution is worldwide,
353:, and formation of thick crusts.
2076:Congenital cutaneous candidiasis
1855:Primary pulmonary histoplasmosis
1850:Primary cutaneous histoplasmosis
1557:Proximal subungual onychomycosis
997:10.1111/j.1863-2378.2008.01157.x
899:10.1111/j.1439-0507.2011.02015.x
661:10.1111/j.1439-0507.2008.01606.x
504:, but only with the addition of
53:
2181:Primary cutaneous aspergillosis
1822:Disseminated coccidioidomycosis
1547:White superficial onychomycosis
561:Beneke, E., Rogers, A. (1996).
236:, commonly known as the cattle
1552:Distal subungual onychomycosis
429:and irreversible scarring and
1:
1896:Paracoccidioides brasiliensis
795:Rippon, John Willard (1982).
219:Trichophyton discoides Sabour
211:Trichophyton ochraceum Sabour
2444:Encephalitozoon intestinalis
1937:South American blastomycosis
1932:North American blastomycosis
1537:Tinea pedis (athlete's foot)
1350:10.1080/1059924X.2011.605715
465:Isolation and identification
280:has a gray-white, flat, and
2516:Granuloma gluteale infantum
1542:Tinea unguium/onychomycosis
831:Laboratory Medical Mycology
192:Favotrichophyton verrucosum
181:Ectotrichophyton verrucosum
2771:
1564:Tinea corporis gladiatorum
1145:J. Veterinary (In Russian)
985:Zoonoses and Public Health
536:Periodic acid-Schiff stain
313:Epidemiology and pathology
44:growing in chains at 37 C
2352:Syncephalastrum racemosum
1280:American Family Physician
1176:10.1007/s11046-008-9100-9
964:10.1016/j.dsi.2014.12.006
829:Al-Doory, Yousef (1980).
298:teleomorph (sexual) stage
203:Trichophyton album Sabour
177:
170:
155:
148:
50:Scientific classification
48:
39:
30:
23:
2359:Apophysomyces variabilis
1921:Blastomyces dermatitidis
1636:Trichophyton schoenleini
1601:Epidermophyton floccosum
2750:Fungi described in 1902
2561:Trichophyton verrucosum
2440:Enterocytozoon bieneusi
2403:Conidiobolus incongruus
2345:Lichtheimia corymbifera
2270:Cryptococcus neoformans
2239:Pseudallescheria boydii
1728:Malassezia folliculitis
1650:Trichophyton verrucosum
1338:Journal of Agromedicine
854:Summerbell, R. (2000).
486:Trichophyton verrucosum
474:Trichophyton verrucosum
355:Trichophyton verrucosum
335:Trichophyton verrucosum
258:Trichophyton verrucosum
247:Trichophyton verrucosum
233:Trichophyton verrucosum
159:Trichophyton verrucosum
25:Trichophyton verrucosum
2468:Rhinosporidium seeberi
2399:Conidiobolus coronatus
2138:Pneumocystis pneumonia
2127:Pneumocystis jirovecii
2056:Candidal onychomycosis
2046:Antibiotic candidiasis
1902:Paracoccidioidomycosis
1874:African histoplasmosis
1839:Histoplasma capsulatum
1811:Coccidioides posadasii
1629:Trichophyton tonsurans
481:
326:
2211:Phialophora verrucosa
2041:Chronic mucocutaneous
1959:Talaromyces marneffei
1615:Microsporum audouinii
472:
320:
253:Growth and morphology
185:Castell. & Chalm.
2385:Basidiobolus ranarum
2375:Entomophthoramycosis
2189:Exophiala jeanselmei
2086:Systemic candidiasis
2081:Perianal candidiasis
1945:Sporothrix schenckii
1868:Histoplasma duboisii
1807:Coccidioides immitis
1286:(1): 163β74, 177β8.
1210:Baker, R.D. (1971).
951:Dermatologica Sinica
753:. California: Star.
605:Tropical Dermatology
425:(with potential for
383:Infections in humans
341:, including vitamin
330:Infections in cattle
2497:Fungal folliculitis
2225:Geotrichum candidum
2217:Chromoblastomycosis
2061:Candidal paronychia
2051:Candidal intertrigo
1643:Trichophyton rubrum
2409:Conidiobolomycosis
2391:Basidiobolomycosis
2207:Fonsecaea compacta
2203:Fonsecaea pedrosoi
2071:Diaper candidiasis
1817:Coccidioidomycosis
510:Bromocresol purple
482:
403:needlestick injury
327:
141:T. verrucosum
40:Chlamydospores of
2745:Arthrodermataceae
2727:
2726:
2712:Open Tree of Life
2553:Taxon identifiers
2544:
2543:
2536:Phaeohyphomycosis
2521:Hyalohyphomycosis
2453:
2452:
2419:
2418:
2255:
2254:
1999:
1998:
1752:
1751:
1717:Malassezia furfur
1702:
1701:
1672:Hortaea werneckii
1659:
1658:
1608:Microsporum canis
1249:10.1111/ced.12559
1221:978-3-662-12029-3
1108:(9β10): 433β436.
1057:10.1111/myc.12174
415:stockyard workers
377:Lyubov Yablochnik
229:
228:
223:
215:
207:
199:
188:
117:Arthrodermataceae
16:Species of fungus
2762:
2720:
2719:
2707:
2706:
2697:
2696:
2684:
2683:
2681:NHMSYS0020536298
2671:
2670:
2658:
2657:
2645:
2644:
2632:
2631:
2619:
2618:
2606:
2605:
2593:
2592:
2580:
2579:
2578:
2548:
2474:Rhinosporidiosis
2430:Microsporidiosis
2370:Entomophthorales
2312:
2289:Trichosporonosis
2015:Candida albicans
1989:Adiaspiromycosis
1794:
1783:
1774:
1723:Tinea versicolor
1484:
1469:
1460:
1406:Fungal infection
1399:
1392:
1385:
1376:
1370:
1369:
1333:
1324:
1323:
1321:
1319:
1310:
1302:
1296:
1295:
1275:
1269:
1268:
1232:
1226:
1225:
1207:
1196:
1195:
1170:(5β6): 335β352.
1159:
1153:
1152:
1140:
1134:
1133:
1097:
1091:
1090:
1084:
1076:
1040:
1031:
1030:
1024:
1016:
980:
969:
968:
966:
942:
933:
932:
926:
918:
881:
870:
869:
851:
845:
844:
826:
815:
814:
802:
792:
779:
778:
772:
764:
746:
725:
724:
718:
710:
692:
681:
680:
644:
633:
632:
626:
618:
600:
591:
590:
584:
576:
558:
421:, and can cause
221:
213:
205:
194:
183:
161:
58:
57:
35:
21:
2770:
2769:
2765:
2764:
2763:
2761:
2760:
2759:
2740:Parasitic fungi
2730:
2729:
2728:
2723:
2715:
2710:
2702:
2700:
2692:
2687:
2679:
2674:
2666:
2661:
2653:
2648:
2640:
2635:
2627:
2622:
2614:
2609:
2601:
2596:
2588:
2583:
2574:
2573:
2568:
2555:
2545:
2540:
2480:
2449:
2427:
2415:
2372:
2364:
2331:Rhizopus oryzae
2318:
2303:
2295:
2251:
2144:
1995:
1908:
1789:
1766:
1761:
1748:
1698:
1686:Piedraia hortae
1655:
1588:
1579:Tinea incognito
1574:Tinea imbricata
1478:Dermatophytosis
1475:
1449:
1440:
1431:
1425:
1421:
1412:
1403:
1373:
1335:
1334:
1327:
1317:
1315:
1308:
1304:
1303:
1299:
1277:
1276:
1272:
1234:
1233:
1229:
1222:
1209:
1208:
1199:
1161:
1160:
1156:
1142:
1141:
1137:
1099:
1098:
1094:
1077:
1042:
1041:
1034:
1017:
982:
981:
972:
944:
943:
936:
919:
883:
882:
873:
866:
853:
852:
848:
841:
828:
827:
818:
811:
794:
793:
782:
765:
761:
748:
747:
728:
711:
707:
694:
693:
684:
646:
645:
636:
619:
615:
602:
601:
594:
577:
573:
560:
559:
548:
544:
532:stratum corneum
467:
385:
332:
315:
255:
166:
165:E. Bodin (1902)
163:
157:
144:
52:
17:
12:
11:
5:
2768:
2766:
2758:
2757:
2755:Fungus species
2752:
2747:
2742:
2732:
2731:
2725:
2724:
2722:
2721:
2708:
2698:
2685:
2672:
2659:
2646:
2633:
2620:
2607:
2594:
2581:
2565:
2563:
2557:
2556:
2551:
2542:
2541:
2539:
2538:
2533:
2528:
2523:
2518:
2513:
2512:
2511:
2499:
2494:
2488:
2486:
2482:
2481:
2479:
2478:
2477:
2476:
2463:
2461:
2459:Mesomycetozoea
2455:
2454:
2451:
2450:
2448:
2447:
2435:
2433:
2421:
2420:
2417:
2416:
2414:
2413:
2412:
2411:
2395:
2394:
2393:
2380:
2378:
2366:
2365:
2363:
2362:
2355:
2348:
2341:
2334:
2326:
2324:
2309:
2297:
2296:
2294:
2293:
2292:
2291:
2286:
2278:
2276:Cryptococcosis
2265:
2263:
2257:
2256:
2253:
2252:
2250:
2249:
2248:
2247:
2245:Allescheriasis
2235:
2234:
2233:
2221:
2220:
2219:
2199:
2198:
2197:
2185:
2184:
2183:
2178:
2173:
2168:
2155:
2153:
2146:
2145:
2143:
2142:
2141:
2140:
2135:
2133:Pneumocystosis
2123:
2116:
2109:
2102:
2095:
2094:
2093:
2088:
2083:
2078:
2073:
2068:
2063:
2058:
2053:
2048:
2043:
2038:
2033:
2028:
2023:
2010:
2008:
2001:
2000:
1997:
1996:
1994:
1993:
1992:
1991:
1983:Emmonsia parva
1979:
1974:
1972:Scedosporiosis
1969:
1968:
1967:
1955:
1954:
1953:
1951:Sporotrichosis
1941:
1940:
1939:
1934:
1929:
1916:
1914:
1910:
1909:
1907:
1906:
1905:
1904:
1892:
1891:
1890:
1878:
1877:
1876:
1864:
1863:
1862:
1857:
1852:
1847:
1845:Histoplasmosis
1835:
1834:
1833:
1824:
1819:
1802:
1800:
1791:
1780:
1771:
1754:
1753:
1750:
1749:
1747:
1746:
1745:
1744:
1732:
1731:
1730:
1725:
1712:
1710:
1704:
1703:
1700:
1699:
1697:
1696:
1695:
1694:
1682:
1681:
1680:
1667:
1665:
1661:
1660:
1657:
1656:
1654:
1653:
1646:
1639:
1632:
1625:
1618:
1611:
1604:
1596:
1594:
1590:
1589:
1587:
1586:
1581:
1576:
1571:
1566:
1561:
1560:
1559:
1554:
1549:
1539:
1534:
1529:
1524:
1523:
1522:
1520:Dermatophytids
1517:
1510:Tinea corporis
1507:
1506:
1505:
1490:
1488:
1481:
1466:
1457:
1428:dermatomycosis
1414:
1413:
1410:mesomycetozoea
1404:
1402:
1401:
1394:
1387:
1379:
1372:
1371:
1344:(4): 244β250.
1325:
1297:
1270:
1243:(4): 395β398.
1227:
1220:
1197:
1164:Mycopathologia
1154:
1135:
1092:
1051:(7): 400β405.
1032:
970:
957:(3): 130β133.
934:
893:(6): 870β876.
871:
864:
846:
839:
816:
809:
780:
759:
726:
706:978-1444330700
705:
682:
634:
613:
592:
571:
545:
543:
540:
502:Sabouraud agar
466:
463:
447:tinea profunda
435:tinea corporis
433:), as well as
384:
381:
331:
328:
314:
311:
302:chlamydospores
254:
251:
227:
226:
225:
224:
216:
208:
200:
189:
175:
174:
168:
167:
164:
153:
152:
146:
145:
138:
136:
132:
131:
124:
120:
119:
114:
110:
109:
104:
100:
99:
97:Eurotiomycetes
94:
90:
89:
84:
80:
79:
74:
70:
69:
64:
60:
59:
46:
45:
37:
36:
28:
27:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2767:
2756:
2753:
2751:
2748:
2746:
2743:
2741:
2738:
2737:
2735:
2718:
2713:
2709:
2705:
2699:
2695:
2690:
2686:
2682:
2677:
2673:
2669:
2664:
2660:
2656:
2651:
2647:
2643:
2638:
2634:
2630:
2625:
2621:
2617:
2612:
2608:
2604:
2599:
2595:
2591:
2586:
2582:
2577:
2571:
2567:
2566:
2564:
2562:
2558:
2554:
2549:
2537:
2534:
2532:
2531:Keratomycosis
2529:
2527:
2524:
2522:
2519:
2517:
2514:
2510:
2507:
2506:
2505:
2504:
2500:
2498:
2495:
2493:
2492:Alternariosis
2490:
2489:
2487:
2483:
2475:
2472:
2471:
2470:
2469:
2465:
2464:
2462:
2460:
2456:
2446:
2445:
2441:
2437:
2436:
2434:
2431:
2426:
2425:Microsporidia
2422:
2410:
2407:
2406:
2405:
2404:
2400:
2396:
2392:
2389:
2388:
2387:
2386:
2382:
2381:
2379:
2376:
2371:
2367:
2361:
2360:
2356:
2354:
2353:
2349:
2347:
2346:
2342:
2340:
2339:
2338:Mucor indicus
2335:
2333:
2332:
2328:
2327:
2325:
2322:
2317:
2313:
2310:
2307:
2302:
2298:
2290:
2287:
2284:
2283:
2279:
2277:
2274:
2273:
2272:
2271:
2267:
2266:
2264:
2262:
2261:Basidiomycota
2258:
2246:
2243:
2242:
2241:
2240:
2236:
2232:
2229:
2228:
2227:
2226:
2222:
2218:
2215:
2214:
2213:
2212:
2208:
2204:
2200:
2196:
2193:
2192:
2191:
2190:
2186:
2182:
2179:
2177:
2174:
2172:
2169:
2167:
2166:Aspergillosis
2164:
2163:
2162:
2161:
2157:
2156:
2154:
2151:
2147:
2139:
2136:
2134:
2131:
2130:
2129:
2128:
2124:
2122:
2121:
2120:C. tropicalis
2117:
2115:
2114:
2113:C. lusitaniae
2110:
2108:
2107:
2103:
2101:
2100:
2096:
2092:
2089:
2087:
2084:
2082:
2079:
2077:
2074:
2072:
2069:
2067:
2064:
2062:
2059:
2057:
2054:
2052:
2049:
2047:
2044:
2042:
2039:
2037:
2034:
2032:
2029:
2027:
2024:
2022:
2019:
2018:
2017:
2016:
2012:
2011:
2009:
2006:
2002:
1990:
1987:
1986:
1985:
1984:
1980:
1978:
1975:
1973:
1970:
1966:
1965:Talaromycosis
1963:
1962:
1961:
1960:
1956:
1952:
1949:
1948:
1947:
1946:
1942:
1938:
1935:
1933:
1930:
1928:
1927:Blastomycosis
1925:
1924:
1923:
1922:
1918:
1917:
1915:
1911:
1903:
1900:
1899:
1898:
1897:
1893:
1889:
1886:
1885:
1884:
1883:
1882:Lacazia loboi
1879:
1875:
1872:
1871:
1870:
1869:
1865:
1861:
1858:
1856:
1853:
1851:
1848:
1846:
1843:
1842:
1841:
1840:
1836:
1832:
1828:
1825:
1823:
1820:
1818:
1815:
1814:
1813:
1812:
1808:
1804:
1803:
1801:
1799:
1795:
1792:
1788:
1784:
1781:
1779:
1775:
1772:
1770:
1769:opportunistic
1764:
1759:
1755:
1743:
1740:
1739:
1738:
1737:
1733:
1729:
1726:
1724:
1721:
1720:
1719:
1718:
1714:
1713:
1711:
1709:
1708:Basidiomycota
1705:
1693:
1690:
1689:
1688:
1687:
1683:
1679:
1676:
1675:
1674:
1673:
1669:
1668:
1666:
1662:
1652:
1651:
1647:
1645:
1644:
1640:
1638:
1637:
1633:
1631:
1630:
1626:
1624:
1623:
1619:
1617:
1616:
1612:
1610:
1609:
1605:
1603:
1602:
1598:
1597:
1595:
1591:
1585:
1582:
1580:
1577:
1575:
1572:
1570:
1567:
1565:
1562:
1558:
1555:
1553:
1550:
1548:
1545:
1544:
1543:
1540:
1538:
1535:
1533:
1530:
1528:
1525:
1521:
1518:
1516:
1513:
1512:
1511:
1508:
1504:
1501:
1500:
1499:
1498:tinea capitis
1495:
1492:
1491:
1489:
1485:
1482:
1479:
1474:
1470:
1467:
1465:
1461:
1458:
1456:
1452:
1447:
1443:
1438:
1434:
1429:
1424:
1419:
1415:
1411:
1407:
1400:
1395:
1393:
1388:
1386:
1381:
1380:
1377:
1367:
1363:
1359:
1355:
1351:
1347:
1343:
1339:
1332:
1330:
1326:
1314:
1307:
1301:
1298:
1293:
1289:
1285:
1281:
1274:
1271:
1266:
1262:
1258:
1254:
1250:
1246:
1242:
1238:
1231:
1228:
1223:
1217:
1213:
1206:
1204:
1202:
1198:
1193:
1189:
1185:
1181:
1177:
1173:
1169:
1165:
1158:
1155:
1150:
1146:
1139:
1136:
1131:
1127:
1123:
1119:
1115:
1111:
1107:
1103:
1096:
1093:
1088:
1082:
1074:
1070:
1066:
1062:
1058:
1054:
1050:
1046:
1039:
1037:
1033:
1028:
1022:
1014:
1010:
1006:
1002:
998:
994:
990:
986:
979:
977:
975:
971:
965:
960:
956:
952:
948:
941:
939:
935:
930:
924:
916:
912:
908:
904:
900:
896:
892:
888:
880:
878:
876:
872:
867:
865:84-607-0711-3
861:
857:
850:
847:
842:
840:0-8121-0695-4
836:
832:
825:
823:
821:
817:
812:
810:0-7216-7586-7
806:
801:
800:
791:
789:
787:
785:
781:
776:
770:
762:
760:0-89863-157-2
756:
752:
745:
743:
741:
739:
737:
735:
733:
731:
727:
722:
716:
708:
702:
698:
691:
689:
687:
683:
678:
674:
670:
666:
662:
658:
654:
650:
643:
641:
639:
635:
630:
624:
616:
614:0-443-06790-2
610:
606:
599:
597:
593:
588:
582:
574:
572:0-89863-175-0
568:
564:
557:
555:
553:
551:
547:
541:
539:
537:
533:
528:
527:T. verrucosum
524:
521:or bacterial
520:
515:
514:T. verrucosum
511:
507:
506:yeast extract
503:
499:
495:
491:
487:
479:
475:
471:
464:
462:
460:
456:
452:
448:
444:
440:
436:
432:
428:
424:
423:tinea capitis
420:
416:
412:
408:
407:T. verrucosum
404:
400:
396:
395:
390:
389:T. verrucosum
382:
380:
378:
374:
370:
369:T. verrucosum
365:
359:
356:
352:
348:
344:
340:
339:genetic drift
336:
329:
324:
323:T. verrucosum
319:
312:
310:
308:
307:T. verrucosum
303:
299:
295:
291:
290:autotrophicum
287:
286:T. verrucosum
283:
279:
275:
274:T. verrucosum
271:
267:
266:T. verrucosum
263:
259:
252:
250:
248:
243:
240:fungus, is a
239:
235:
234:
220:
217:
212:
209:
204:
201:
197:
193:
190:
186:
182:
179:
178:
176:
173:
169:
162:
160:
154:
151:
150:Binomial name
147:
143:
142:
137:
134:
133:
130:
129:
125:
122:
121:
118:
115:
112:
111:
108:
105:
102:
101:
98:
95:
92:
91:
88:
85:
82:
81:
78:
75:
72:
71:
68:
65:
62:
61:
56:
51:
47:
43:
42:T. verrucosum
38:
34:
29:
26:
22:
19:
2560:
2501:
2466:
2438:
2397:
2383:
2357:
2350:
2343:
2336:
2329:
2321:Mucormycosis
2282:Trichosporon
2280:
2268:
2237:
2231:Geotrichosis
2223:
2201:
2187:
2171:Aspergilloma
2158:
2125:
2118:
2111:
2104:
2097:
2036:Vulvovaginal
2013:
1981:
1957:
1943:
1919:
1894:
1880:
1866:
1837:
1805:
1790:(yeast+mold)
1758:Subcutaneous
1742:White piedra
1736:Trichosporon
1734:
1715:
1692:Black piedra
1684:
1670:
1649:
1648:
1641:
1634:
1627:
1620:
1613:
1606:
1599:
1569:Tinea faciei
1532:Tinea manuum
1527:Tinea cruris
1494:Tinea barbae
1473:Dermatophyte
1341:
1337:
1316:. Retrieved
1312:
1300:
1283:
1279:
1273:
1240:
1236:
1230:
1211:
1167:
1163:
1157:
1148:
1144:
1138:
1105:
1101:
1095:
1081:cite journal
1048:
1044:
1021:cite journal
991:(2): 59β64.
988:
984:
954:
950:
923:cite journal
890:
886:
855:
849:
830:
798:
750:
696:
652:
648:
604:
562:
526:
523:folliculitis
513:
485:
483:
478:T. violaceum
477:
473:
459:griseofulvin
443:tinea barbae
439:tinea manuum
406:
393:
388:
386:
368:
360:
354:
351:desquamation
334:
333:
322:
306:
289:
285:
284:colony; and
277:
273:
269:
265:
261:
257:
256:
246:
242:dermatophyte
232:
231:
230:
218:
210:
202:
191:
180:
158:
156:
140:
139:
128:Trichophyton
127:
41:
24:
18:
2306:Zygomycosis
2160:Aspergillus
2106:C. glabrata
2021:Candidiasis
1977:Emmonsiosis
1888:Lobomycosis
1678:Tinea nigra
1593:By organism
1487:By location
1418:Superficial
490:auxotrophic
455:fluconazole
451:terbinafine
343:prototrophy
2734:Categories
2526:Otomycosis
2509:Fusariosis
2301:Zygomycota
2195:Eumycetoma
2031:Esophageal
1798:Onygenales
1778:Ascomycota
1464:Ascomycota
1318:13 October
542:References
294:micronidia
196:Neveu-Lem.
107:Onygenales
87:Ascomycota
83:Division:
2485:Ungrouped
2316:Mucorales
1787:Dimorphic
1451:endothrix
1423:cutaneous
769:cite book
715:cite book
623:cite book
581:cite book
419:ectothrix
394:T. rubrum
282:tomentose
278:discoides
270:ochraceum
135:Species:
73:Kingdom:
67:Eukaryota
2663:MycoBank
2655:10382075
2624:Fungorum
2576:Q2452678
2570:Wikidata
2503:Fusarium
2099:C. auris
2066:Candidid
1763:systemic
1515:Ringworm
1446:exothrix
1366:24889774
1358:21958398
1265:22067675
1257:25511845
1192:24443131
1184:18478365
1151:: 54β56.
1130:37335502
1073:25324021
1065:24621382
1005:18705659
915:20736796
907:21615536
669:18783559
655:: 2β15.
519:pyoderma
498:thiamine
494:inositol
476:(L) and
431:alopecia
399:zoonotic
238:ringworm
172:Synonyms
113:Family:
63:Domain:
2642:7252801
1306:"Fungi"
1292:9672436
1122:1820524
1102:Mycoses
1045:Mycoses
1013:6480150
887:Mycoses
677:3398710
649:Mycoses
427:kerions
411:vectors
364:fomites
123:Genus:
103:Order:
93:Class:
2701:NZOR:
2668:121642
2629:121642
2616:TRPHVE
2603:996218
1503:Kerion
1442:Piedra
1364:
1356:
1290:
1263:
1255:
1218:
1190:
1182:
1128:
1120:
1071:
1063:
1011:
1003:
913:
905:
862:
837:
807:
757:
703:
675:
667:
611:
569:
445:, and
373:Norway
347:urease
222:(1910)
214:(1908)
206:(1908)
198:(1921)
187:(1919)
2717:13972
2694:63417
2650:IRMNG
2590:58HJ3
2152:-like
2007:-like
2005:Yeast
1913:Other
1664:Other
1584:Favus
1433:Tinea
1362:S2CID
1309:(PDF)
1261:S2CID
1188:S2CID
1126:S2CID
1069:S2CID
1009:S2CID
911:S2CID
673:S2CID
457:, or
288:var.
276:var.
268:var.
262:album
77:Fungi
2689:NCBI
2637:GBIF
2611:EPPO
2150:Mold
2026:Oral
1767:and
1455:hair
1453:) =
1437:skin
1408:and
1354:PMID
1320:2015
1288:PMID
1253:PMID
1216:ISBN
1180:PMID
1118:PMID
1087:link
1061:PMID
1027:link
1001:PMID
929:link
903:PMID
860:ISBN
835:ISBN
805:ISBN
775:link
755:ISBN
721:link
701:ISBN
665:PMID
629:link
609:ISBN
587:link
567:ISBN
496:and
492:for
2676:NBN
2598:EoL
2585:CoL
2285:spp
1420:and
1346:doi
1245:doi
1172:doi
1168:166
1110:doi
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