190:
36:
158:
128:
426:
in sugarcane workers cutting the crops while barefoot. Tropical ulcers can also occur to the visitors of tropics. The disease is most common in native laborers and in schoolchildren of the tropics and subtropics during the rainy season and is caused in many instances by the bites of insects, poor
421:
Tropical ulcer has been described as a disease of the 'poor and hungry'; it may be that slowly improving socioeconomic conditions and nutrition account for its decline. Urbanization of populations could be another factor, as a tropical ulcer is usually a rural problem. More widespread use of shoes
365:
is important to prevent trauma. General good health and nutrition also reduce ulcer risk. Adequate and prompt cleansing and treatment of ankle and leg skin breaks is also important. Improving hygiene and nutrition may help to prevent tropical ulcers.
253:. They may also occur on arms. They are often initiated by minor trauma, and subjects with poor nutrition are at higher risk. Once developed, the ulcer may become chronic and stable, but also it can run a destructive course with deep tissue invasion,
788:
290:
Skin color: Rarely, jungle rot will result in complications with skin pigmentation. It has been known to leave the victim with different colors such as bright red, blue, green, and a rare color change of
836:
422:
and socks also provides protection from initiating trauma. Despite this, susceptible individuals still develop tropical ulcers. Sometimes outbreaks can occur; one was recorded in
1106:
46:
520:
1867:
487:
Odom, Richard B.; Davidsohn, Israel; James, William D.; Henry, John
Bernard; Berger, Timothy G.; Clinical diagnosis by laboratory methods; Dirk M. Elston (2006).
439:
Tropical ulcer is seen throughout the tropics and subtropics. In some of these countries, such as northern Papua New Guinea, it is the most common skin disease.
829:
1821:
1408:
916:
926:
822:
675:
Adriaans B, Hay R, Drasar B, Robinson D (January 1987). "The infectious aetiology of tropical ulcer--a study of the role of anaerobic bacteria".
1201:
1140:
566:
504:
1319:
881:
1769:
1114:
1301:
1727:
1465:
1324:
1227:
614:
1135:
1122:
1633:
1209:
1374:
1196:
1150:
1061:
1051:
713:
107:
79:
1478:
1398:
1344:
331:
has recently been isolated from lesions and is unique to tropical ulcers. Early lesions may be colonized or infected by,
1852:
1786:
1314:
1155:
939:
54:
1857:
1806:
1427:
1339:
86:
1862:
1826:
1628:
237:. These lesions may frequently develop on preexisting abrasions or sores sometimes beginning from a mere scratch.
1354:
65:
50:
1130:
93:
1623:
1329:
1296:
1006:
921:
872:
225:
Ulcers occur on exposed parts of the body, primarily on anterolateral aspect of the lower limbs and may erode
1754:
1554:
1291:
1266:
1186:
303:
75:
1334:
1286:
1276:
1271:
1160:
845:
327:
1781:
1759:
1672:
985:
294:
Deep tissue invasion: Infection may spread deep to the subcutaneous tissue, but rarely involve the bone.
270:
353:. The condition has been shown to be transmissible by inoculation of material from affected patients.
165:
The left foot of a person with acute tropical ulcer upon his admission to
Toborra Goroka Hospital, in
1816:
1485:
1474:
1101:
1091:
891:
448:
306:: May develop at the rate of 2 to 15% of the chronic ulcers that persists for more than three years.
189:
1698:
1693:
1603:
1529:
1519:
1493:
1489:
1364:
1170:
1081:
853:
496:
333:
274:
1749:
1660:
1071:
1056:
1046:
700:
514:
606:
1774:
1454:
1165:
754:
737:
MacDonald P (March 2003). "Tropical ulcers: a condition still hidden from the western world".
725:
692:
654:
610:
562:
500:
219:
178:
1811:
1732:
1546:
1514:
746:
684:
646:
598:
488:
170:
100:
1705:
1593:
1417:
1349:
1256:
1076:
955:
313:
489:
405:
may be helpful in advanced cases to ensure the lesion does not progress to chronic stage.
297:
Chronic ulceration: Characterised by thick rim of fibrous tissue around the ulcer edges.
1710:
1613:
1443:
1309:
1251:
1236:
1096:
1027:
688:
1846:
1791:
1608:
1504:
1460:
1145:
944:
902:
650:
599:
402:
346:
211:
704:
1796:
1722:
1618:
1390:
1281:
1261:
1066:
980:
350:
262:
215:
750:
345:. Later, tropical ulcer may become infected with a variety of organisms, notably,
17:
325:
There is now considerable evidence to suggest that this disease is an infection.
1801:
1509:
1403:
1369:
1359:
1191:
1001:
971:
453:
392:
342:
278:
183:
1689:
1684:
1012:
962:
935:
797:
409:
396:
379:
375:
258:
1679:
1524:
1448:
1394:
862:
157:
758:
729:
696:
658:
1764:
1715:
1578:
1573:
1422:
911:
886:
814:
428:
423:
362:
338:
254:
780:
1744:
1655:
1583:
1499:
1086:
309:
64:
if you can. Unsourced or poorly sourced material may be challenged and
277:. Chronic ulcers involve larger areas and may eventually develop into
1739:
792:
266:
265:, tropical ulcers are very painful. Lesions begin with inflammatory
230:
226:
207:
166:
637:
Adriaans, B (1988). "Tropical ulcer - a reapprisal of recent work".
1598:
639:
Transactions of the Royal
Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene
250:
210:
thought to be caused by polymicrobial infection with a variety of
382:
or metronidazole are used in combination with topical antiseptic.
1667:
1588:
801:
246:
234:
818:
29:
245:
The vast majority of the tropical ulcers occur below the
151:
Aden ulcer, Jungle rot, Malabar ulcer, Tropical phagedena
61:
770:
557:
Gill, Geoffrey V.; Geoff Gill; Beeching, N. (2004).
1646:
1566:
1545:
1436:
1383:
1244:
1235:
1226:
1179:
1035:
1026:
994:
969:
953:
900:
870:
861:
852:
774:
552:
550:
548:
491:
Andrews' diseases of the skin: clinical dermatology
177:
147:
142:
431:. Males are more commonly infected than females.
300:Recurrent ulceration: Most commonly in children.
712:Aribi M, Poirriez J, Breuillard F (June 1999).
632:
630:
628:
626:
388:Non-adherent dressings and elevation of limbs.
60:Please review the contents of the article and
830:
8:
519:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
1822:Recurrent toxin-mediated perineal erythema
1241:
1232:
1108:Mycobacterium avium–intracellulare complex
1032:
867:
858:
837:
823:
815:
771:
597:Arenas, Roberto; Estrada, Roberto (2001).
188:
156:
139:
917:Cutaneous group B streptococcal infection
482:
480:
478:
476:
474:
714:"Guess what! Tropical phagedenic ulcer"
533:Stedman's Electronic Medical Dictionary
470:
1868:Bacterium-related cutaneous conditions
512:
27:Type of chronic ulcerative skin lesion
1141:Rapid growing mycobacterium infection
273:and rupture with the formation of an
7:
1320:Human granulocytotropic anaplasmosis
882:Staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome
592:
590:
588:
586:
584:
582:
580:
578:
456:, also sometimes known as Jungle Rot
1770:Chronic undermining burrowing ulcer
689:10.1111/j.1365-2133.1987.tb05788.x
559:Lecture notes on tropical medicine
391:Large infected ulcers may require
25:
1728:Superficial pustular folliculitis
1325:Human monocytotropic ehrlichiosis
605:. Taylor & Francis. pp.
1136:Primary inoculation tuberculosis
385:Improved nutrition and vitamins.
126:
34:
1634:Gram-negative toe web infection
1210:Group JK corynebacterium sepsis
206:, is a chronic ulcerative skin
1375:Ehrlichiosis ewingii infection
1197:Cutaneous diphtheria infection
1151:Tuberculosis cutis orificialis
1062:Borderline tuberculoid leprosy
1052:Borderline lepromatous leprosy
495:. Saunders Elsevier. pp.
62:add the appropriate references
1:
1399:Primary gonococcal dermatitis
1345:Flinders Island spotted fever
751:10.12968/jowc.2003.12.3.26475
561:. Oxford: Blackwell Science.
1787:Blistering distal dactylitis
1315:Rocky Mountain spotted fever
1203:Arcanobacterium haemolyticum
1156:Tuberculosis verrucosa cutis
940:Chronic recurrent erysipelas
651:10.1016/0035-9203(88)90402-6
542:Medcyclopedia-Tropical ulcer
1807:Blastomycosis-like pyoderma
1428:Chromobacteriosis infection
1340:Mediterranean spotted fever
47:reliable medical references
1884:
1827:Tick-borne lymphadenopathy
1629:Gram-negative folliculitis
1131:Papulonecrotic tuberculid
1116:Mycobacterium haemophilum
202:, more commonly known as
164:
155:
53:or relies too heavily on
1624:Lymphogranuloma venereum
1330:Flea-borne spotted fever
1303:Rickettsia aeschlimannii
1297:American tick bite fever
1007:Erysipeloid of Rosenbach
922:Streptococcal intertrigo
281:after 10 years or more.
1755:Trichomycosis axillaris
1292:African tick bite fever
1267:North Asian tick typhus
1187:Cutaneous actinomycosis
435:Geographic distribution
304:Squamous cell carcinoma
1467:Haemophilus influenzae
1411:Pasteurella hemolytica
1335:Japanese spotted fever
1287:Bacillary angiomatosis
1277:Flying squirrel typhus
1272:Queensland tick typhus
1161:Tuberculous cellulitis
1124:Mycobacterium kansasii
846:Bacterial skin disease
337:(Vincent's organism),
328:Mycobacterium ulcerans
1782:Elephantiasis nostras
1760:Necrotizing fasciitis
1673:Hospital furunculosis
1355:Brill–Zinsser disease
986:Dermatitis gangrenosa
249:, usually around the
233:, and sometimes, the
1817:Chronic lymphangitis
1486:Hot tub folliculitis
1475:Pseudomonal pyoderma
1102:Miliary tuberculosis
1092:Lichen scrofulosorum
892:Toxic shock syndrome
601:Tropical dermatology
378:: In early stages,
279:squamous epithelioma
1853:Infectious diseases
1706:Acute lymphadenitis
1699:Perianal cellulitis
1694:Pyogenic paronychia
1604:Chlamydia infection
1520:Granuloma inguinale
1494:Green nail syndrome
1490:Ecthyma gangrenosum
1365:Cat-scratch disease
1171:Tuberculoid leprosy
1082:Lepromatous leprosy
929:Streptococcus iniae
429:pyogenic infections
334:Bacillus fusiformis
269:that progress into
1858:Bacterial diseases
1750:Pitted keratolysis
1661:Periapical abscess
1072:Erythema induratum
1057:Borderline leprosy
1047:Aquarium granuloma
408:In extreme cases,
316:through the ulcer.
241:Signs and symptoms
218:. It is common in
18:Tropical phagedena
1863:Tropical diseases
1840:
1839:
1775:Fournier gangrene
1642:
1641:
1541:
1540:
1482:hot-foot syndrome
1455:Vibrio vulnificus
1222:
1221:
1218:
1217:
1166:Tuberculous gumma
1022:
1021:
812:
811:
568:978-0-632-06496-0
506:978-0-7216-2921-6
220:tropical climates
197:
196:
137:Medical condition
135:
134:
111:
16:(Redirected from
1875:
1812:Bullous impetigo
1733:Sycosis vulgaris
1547:Campylobacterota
1496:
1242:
1233:
1033:
868:
859:
839:
832:
825:
816:
772:
762:
733:
708:
663:
662:
634:
621:
620:
604:
594:
573:
572:
554:
543:
540:
534:
531:
525:
524:
518:
510:
494:
484:
193:
192:
171:Papua New Guinea
160:
140:
130:
129:
121:
118:
112:
110:
76:"Tropical ulcer"
69:
38:
37:
30:
21:
1883:
1882:
1878:
1877:
1876:
1874:
1873:
1872:
1843:
1842:
1841:
1836:
1648:
1638:
1562:
1537:
1473:
1432:
1418:Meningococcemia
1379:
1350:Verruga peruana
1257:Epidemic typhus
1214:
1175:
1077:Histoid leprosy
1038:
1018:
990:
965:
956:Corynebacterium
949:
896:
848:
843:
813:
808:
807:
783:
769:
736:
711:
677:Br. J. Dermatol
674:
671:
666:
636:
635:
624:
617:
596:
595:
576:
569:
556:
555:
546:
541:
537:
532:
528:
511:
507:
486:
485:
472:
468:
463:
445:
437:
419:
372:
359:
323:
314:tetanus bacilli
287:
243:
187:
138:
131:
127:
122:
116:
113:
70:
59:
55:primary sources
39:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
1881:
1879:
1871:
1870:
1865:
1860:
1855:
1845:
1844:
1838:
1837:
1835:
1834:
1832:Tropical ulcer
1829:
1824:
1819:
1814:
1809:
1804:
1799:
1794:
1789:
1784:
1779:
1778:
1777:
1772:
1762:
1757:
1752:
1747:
1742:
1737:
1736:
1735:
1730:
1719:
1718:
1713:
1711:Pilonidal cyst
1708:
1703:
1702:
1701:
1696:
1682:
1677:
1676:
1675:
1665:
1664:
1663:
1652:
1650:
1644:
1643:
1640:
1639:
1637:
1636:
1631:
1626:
1621:
1616:
1614:Rat-bite fever
1611:
1606:
1601:
1596:
1591:
1586:
1581:
1576:
1570:
1568:
1564:
1563:
1561:
1560:
1551:
1549:
1543:
1542:
1539:
1538:
1536:
1535:
1527:
1522:
1517:
1512:
1507:
1502:
1497:
1471:
1463:
1458:
1451:
1446:
1444:Pasteurellosis
1440:
1438:
1434:
1433:
1431:
1430:
1425:
1420:
1415:
1406:
1401:
1387:
1385:
1381:
1380:
1378:
1377:
1372:
1367:
1362:
1357:
1352:
1347:
1342:
1337:
1332:
1327:
1322:
1317:
1312:
1310:Rickettsialpox
1307:
1299:
1294:
1289:
1284:
1279:
1274:
1269:
1264:
1259:
1254:
1252:Endemic typhus
1248:
1246:
1239:
1237:Pseudomonadota
1230:
1224:
1223:
1220:
1219:
1216:
1215:
1213:
1212:
1207:
1199:
1194:
1189:
1183:
1181:
1177:
1176:
1174:
1173:
1168:
1163:
1158:
1153:
1148:
1143:
1138:
1133:
1128:
1120:
1112:
1104:
1099:
1097:Lupus vulgaris
1094:
1089:
1084:
1079:
1074:
1069:
1064:
1059:
1054:
1049:
1043:
1041:
1037:Mycobacterium-
1030:
1028:Actinomycetota
1024:
1023:
1020:
1019:
1017:
1016:
1009:
1004:
998:
996:
992:
991:
989:
988:
983:
977:
975:
967:
966:
961:
959:
951:
950:
948:
947:
942:
933:
924:
919:
914:
908:
906:
898:
897:
895:
894:
889:
884:
878:
876:
873:Staphylococcus
865:
856:
850:
849:
844:
842:
841:
834:
827:
819:
810:
809:
806:
805:
784:
779:
778:
776:
775:Classification
768:
767:External links
765:
764:
763:
734:
718:Eur J Dermatol
709:
670:
667:
665:
664:
645:(2): 185–189.
622:
615:
574:
567:
544:
535:
526:
505:
469:
467:
464:
462:
459:
458:
457:
451:
444:
441:
436:
433:
418:
415:
414:
413:
406:
400:
389:
386:
383:
371:
368:
358:
355:
322:
319:
318:
317:
312:: By entry of
307:
301:
298:
295:
292:
286:
283:
257:, and risk of
242:
239:
212:microorganisms
200:Tropical ulcer
195:
194:
181:
175:
174:
162:
161:
153:
152:
149:
145:
144:
143:Tropical ulcer
136:
133:
132:
125:
123:
42:
40:
33:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1880:
1869:
1866:
1864:
1861:
1859:
1856:
1854:
1851:
1850:
1848:
1833:
1830:
1828:
1825:
1823:
1820:
1818:
1815:
1813:
1810:
1808:
1805:
1803:
1800:
1798:
1795:
1793:
1792:Botryomycosis
1790:
1788:
1785:
1783:
1780:
1776:
1773:
1771:
1768:
1767:
1766:
1763:
1761:
1758:
1756:
1753:
1751:
1748:
1746:
1743:
1741:
1738:
1734:
1731:
1729:
1726:
1725:
1724:
1721:
1720:
1717:
1714:
1712:
1709:
1707:
1704:
1700:
1697:
1695:
1691:
1688:
1687:
1686:
1683:
1681:
1678:
1674:
1671:
1670:
1669:
1668:Boil/furuncle
1666:
1662:
1659:
1658:
1657:
1654:
1653:
1651:
1645:
1635:
1632:
1630:
1627:
1625:
1622:
1620:
1617:
1615:
1612:
1610:
1609:Leptospirosis
1607:
1605:
1602:
1600:
1597:
1595:
1592:
1590:
1587:
1585:
1582:
1580:
1577:
1575:
1572:
1571:
1569:
1565:
1559:
1557:
1553:
1552:
1550:
1548:
1544:
1534:
1532:
1528:
1526:
1523:
1521:
1518:
1516:
1513:
1511:
1508:
1506:
1505:Salmonellosis
1503:
1501:
1498:
1495:
1491:
1487:
1483:
1481:
1476:
1472:
1470:
1468:
1464:
1462:
1461:Rhinoscleroma
1459:
1457:
1456:
1452:
1450:
1447:
1445:
1442:
1441:
1439:
1435:
1429:
1426:
1424:
1421:
1419:
1416:
1414:
1412:
1407:
1405:
1402:
1400:
1396:
1392:
1389:
1388:
1386:
1382:
1376:
1373:
1371:
1368:
1366:
1363:
1361:
1358:
1356:
1353:
1351:
1348:
1346:
1343:
1341:
1338:
1336:
1333:
1331:
1328:
1326:
1323:
1321:
1318:
1316:
1313:
1311:
1308:
1306:
1304:
1300:
1298:
1295:
1293:
1290:
1288:
1285:
1283:
1280:
1278:
1275:
1273:
1270:
1268:
1265:
1263:
1260:
1258:
1255:
1253:
1250:
1249:
1247:
1243:
1240:
1238:
1234:
1231:
1229:
1225:
1211:
1208:
1206:
1204:
1200:
1198:
1195:
1193:
1190:
1188:
1185:
1184:
1182:
1178:
1172:
1169:
1167:
1164:
1162:
1159:
1157:
1154:
1152:
1149:
1147:
1146:Scrofuloderma
1144:
1142:
1139:
1137:
1134:
1132:
1129:
1127:
1125:
1121:
1119:
1117:
1113:
1111:
1109:
1105:
1103:
1100:
1098:
1095:
1093:
1090:
1088:
1085:
1083:
1080:
1078:
1075:
1073:
1070:
1068:
1065:
1063:
1060:
1058:
1055:
1053:
1050:
1048:
1045:
1044:
1042:
1040:
1034:
1031:
1029:
1025:
1015:
1014:
1010:
1008:
1005:
1003:
1000:
999:
997:
993:
987:
984:
982:
979:
978:
976:
974:
973:
968:
964:
960:
958:
957:
952:
946:
945:Scarlet fever
943:
941:
937:
934:
932:
930:
925:
923:
920:
918:
915:
913:
910:
909:
907:
905:
904:
903:Streptococcus
899:
893:
890:
888:
885:
883:
880:
879:
877:
875:
874:
869:
866:
864:
860:
857:
855:
851:
847:
840:
835:
833:
828:
826:
821:
820:
817:
803:
799:
795:
794:
790:
786:
785:
782:
777:
773:
766:
760:
756:
752:
748:
744:
740:
735:
731:
727:
723:
719:
715:
710:
706:
702:
698:
694:
690:
686:
682:
678:
673:
672:
668:
660:
656:
652:
648:
644:
640:
633:
631:
629:
627:
623:
618:
616:9781570594939
612:
608:
603:
602:
593:
591:
589:
587:
585:
583:
581:
579:
575:
570:
564:
560:
553:
551:
549:
545:
539:
536:
530:
527:
522:
516:
508:
502:
498:
493:
492:
483:
481:
479:
477:
475:
471:
465:
460:
455:
452:
450:
447:
446:
442:
440:
434:
432:
430:
427:hygiene, and
425:
416:
412:is necessary.
411:
407:
404:
403:Skin grafting
401:
398:
394:
390:
387:
384:
381:
377:
374:
373:
369:
367:
364:
356:
354:
352:
348:
347:staphylococci
344:
340:
336:
335:
330:
329:
320:
315:
311:
308:
305:
302:
299:
296:
293:
289:
288:
285:Complications
284:
282:
280:
276:
272:
268:
264:
260:
256:
252:
248:
240:
238:
236:
232:
228:
223:
221:
217:
213:
209:
205:
201:
191:
185:
182:
180:
176:
172:
168:
163:
159:
154:
150:
146:
141:
124:
120:
109:
106:
102:
99:
95:
92:
88:
85:
81:
78: –
77:
73:
72:Find sources:
67:
63:
57:
56:
52:
48:
43:This article
41:
32:
31:
19:
1831:
1797:Malakoplakia
1723:Folliculitis
1647:Unspecified
1619:Lyme disease
1556:Helicobacter
1555:
1530:
1479:
1466:
1453:
1410:
1391:Gonococcemia
1302:
1282:Trench fever
1262:Scrub typhus
1202:
1123:
1115:
1107:
1067:Buruli ulcer
1036:
1011:
981:Gas gangrene
970:
954:
928:
901:
871:
787:
745:(3): 85–90.
742:
739:J Wound Care
738:
724:(4): 321–2.
721:
717:
680:
676:
642:
638:
600:
558:
538:
529:
490:
438:
420:
417:Epidemiology
360:
351:streptococci
343:spirochaetes
332:
326:
324:
321:Microbiology
263:Buruli ulcer
244:
224:
216:mycobacteria
214:, including
203:
199:
198:
114:
104:
97:
90:
83:
71:
51:verification
44:
1802:Pyomyositis
1510:Shigellosis
1480:Pseudomonas
1404:Melioidosis
1370:Oroya fever
1360:Brucellosis
1192:Nocardiosis
1002:Listeriosis
972:Clostridium
683:(1): 31–7.
454:Trench foot
449:Skin lesion
393:debridement
376:Antibiotics
184:Dermatology
148:Other names
45:needs more
1847:Categories
1690:Paronychia
1685:Cellulitis
1558:cellulitis
1469:cellulitis
1409:Cutaneous
1013:Mycoplasma
963:Erythrasma
936:Erysipelas
927:Cutaneous
461:References
410:amputation
397:anesthesia
380:penicillin
357:Prevention
259:amputation
204:jungle rot
87:newspapers
1680:Carbuncle
1533:infection
1531:Aeromonas
1525:Chancroid
1449:Tularemia
1413:infection
1395:Gonorrhea
1305:infection
1205:infection
1126:infection
1118:infection
1110:infection
931:infection
863:Bacillota
515:cite book
466:Citations
370:Treatment
361:Adequate
339:anaerobes
261:. Unlike
179:Specialty
117:June 2022
1765:Gangrene
1716:Pyoderma
1649:pathogen
1579:Syphilis
1574:Syphilid
1423:Glanders
1228:Gram -ve
912:Impetigo
887:Impetigo
854:Gram +ve
804:L98.440)
759:12677870
730:10465620
705:39214143
443:See also
424:Tanzania
363:footwear
271:vesicles
255:osteitis
1745:Ecthyma
1656:Abscess
1584:Chancre
1500:Q fever
1087:Leprosy
1039:related
697:3814513
669:Sources
659:3055448
349:and/or
310:Tetanus
291:orange.
267:papules
231:tendons
227:muscles
101:scholar
66:removed
1740:Pimple
1515:Plague
1180:Others
995:Others
757:
728:
703:
695:
657:
613:
609:–313.
565:
503:
499:–267.
395:under
208:lesion
186:
167:Goroka
103:
96:
89:
82:
74:
1599:Bejel
1594:Pinta
1567:Other
1437:Gamma
1245:Alpha
798:L98.4
701:S2CID
275:ulcer
251:ankle
235:bones
108:JSTOR
94:books
1589:Yaws
1384:Beta
802:ILDS
755:PMID
726:PMID
693:PMID
655:PMID
611:ISBN
563:ISBN
521:link
501:ISBN
341:and
247:knee
229:and
80:news
49:for
789:ICD
747:doi
685:doi
681:116
647:doi
607:310
497:276
1849::
1692:/
1492:/
1488:/
1484:/
1477:/
938:/
796::
793:10
753:.
743:12
741:.
720:.
716:.
699:.
691:.
679:.
653:.
643:82
641:.
625:^
577:^
547:^
517:}}
513:{{
473:^
222:.
169:,
68:.
1397:/
1393:/
838:e
831:t
824:v
800:(
791:-
781:D
761:.
749::
732:.
722:9
707:.
687::
661:.
649::
619:.
571:.
523:)
509:.
399:.
173:.
119:)
115:(
105:·
98:·
91:·
84:·
58:.
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
