477:
case of language varieties without established literary traditions, usage in education or media, or other factors that contribute to language conventionalization. Therefore, the standard should not be regarded as an authoritative statement of what distinct languages exist in the world (about which there may be substantial disagreement in some cases), but rather simply one useful way for identifying different language varieties precisely.
4306:
1804:
772:", for which purposes the ISO 639-1 and 639-2 standards were established. But he raises doubts about industry need for the comprehensive coverage provided by ISO 639-3, including as it does "little-known languages of small communities that are never or hardly used in writing and that are often in danger of extinction".
704:
change. Any list owner or individual is able to request notifications of change requests for particular regions or language families. Comments that are received are published for other parties to review. Based on consensus in comments received, a change request may be withdrawn or promoted to "candidate status".
691:
types) and types of languages, which explain what concepts are in scope for encoding and certain criteria that need to be met. For example, constructed languages can be encoded, but only if they are designed for human communication and have a body of literature, preventing requests for idiosyncratic
476:
ISO 639-3 is intended to assume distinctions based on criteria that are not entirely objective. It is not intended to document or provide identifiers for dialects or other sub-language variations. Nevertheless, judgments regarding distinctions between languages may be subjective, particularly in the
92:
codes in a wide range of applications. It is widely used in computer and information systems, such as the
Internet, in which many languages need to be supported. In archives and other information storage, it is used in cataloging systems, indicating what language a resource is in or about. The codes
740:
The administration of the standard is problematic because SIL is a missionary organization with inadequate transparency and accountability. Decisions as to what deserves to be encoded as a language are made internally. While outside input may or may not be welcomed, the decisions themselves are
711:
Decisions are announced at the end of the annual review cycle (typically in
January). At that time, requests may be adopted in whole or in part, amended and carried forward into the next review cycle, or rejected. Rejections often include suggestions on how to modify proposals for resubmission. A
754:
ISO 639-3 may be misunderstood and misused by authorities that make decisions about people's identity and language, abolishing the right of speakers to identify or identify with their speech variety. Though SIL is sensitive to such issues, this problem is inherent in the nature of an established
703:
When a fully documented request is received, it is added to a published Change
Request Index. Also, announcements are sent to the general LINGUIST discussion list at Linguist List and other lists the registration authority may consider relevant, inviting public review and input on the requested
767:
level since "it rarely matters to linguists whether what they are talking about is a language, a dialect or a close-knit family of languages." He also questions whether an ISO standard for language identification is appropriate since ISO is an industrial organization, while he views language
707:
Three months prior to the end of an annual review cycle (typically in
September), an announcement is sent to the LINGUIST discussion list and other lists regarding Candidate Status Change Requests. All requests remain open for review and comment through the end of the annual review cycle.
762:
agrees with four of these points, but not the point about language change. He disagrees because any account of a language requires identifying it, and we can easily identify different stages of a language. He suggests that linguists may prefer to use a codification that is made at the
875:
The W3C's internationalization effort recommends the use of the IANA Language Subtag
Registry for selecting codes for languages. The IANA Language Subtag Registry depends on ISO 639-3 codes for languages which did not previously have codes in other parts of the ISO 639
699:
A change request form is provided, and there is a second form for collecting information about proposed additions. Any party can submit change requests. When submitted, requests are initially reviewed by the registration authority for completeness.
143:. ISO 639-1 and ISO 639-2 focused on major languages, most frequently represented in the total body of the world's literature. Since ISO 639-2 also includes language collections and Part 3 does not, ISO 639-3 is not a superset of ISO 639-2. Where
695:
The registration authority documents on its Web site instructions made in the text of the ISO 639-3 standard regarding how the code tables are to be maintained. It also documents the processes used for receiving and processing change requests.
575:"A collective language code element is an identifier that represents a group of individual languages that are not deemed to be one language in any usage context." These codes do not precisely represent a particular language or macrolanguage.
3632:
529:
That means some languages (e.g. 'arb', Standard Arabic) that were considered by ISO 639-2 to be dialects of one language ('ara') are now in ISO 639-3 in certain contexts considered to be individual languages themselves.
724:
The three-letter codes themselves are problematic, because while officially arbitrary technical labels, they are often derived from mnemonic abbreviations for language names, some of which are pejorative. For example,
454:
As of 23 January 2023, the standard contains 7,916 entries. The inventory of languages is based on a number of sources including: the individual languages contained in 639-2, modern languages from the
485:
Since the code is three-letter alphabetic, one upper bound for the number of languages that can be represented is 26 × 26 × 26 = 17,576. Since ISO 639-2 defines special codes (4), a reserved range (520) and
76:
for ISO 639-3. It provides an enumeration of languages as complete as possible, including living and extinct, ancient and constructed, major and minor, written and unwritten. However, it does not include
596:
and ISO 639-3 for cases where none of the specific codes are appropriate. These are intended primarily for applications like databases where an ISO code is required regardless of whether one exists.
615:(undetermined) is intended for cases where the language in the data has not been identified, such as when it is mislabeled or never had been labeled. It is not intended for cases such as
768:
documentation and nomenclature as a scientific endeavor. He cites the original need for standardized language identifiers as having been "the economic significance of translation and
533:
This is an attempt to deal with varieties that may be linguistically distinct from each other, but are treated by their speakers as two forms of the same language, e.g. in cases of
518:
had no individual language as defined by ISO 639-3 in the code set of ISO 639-2, e.g. 'ara' (Generic Arabic). Others like 'nor' (Norwegian) had their two individual parts ('nno' (
3144:
3139:
578:
While ISO 639-2 includes three-letter identifiers for collective languages, these codes are excluded from ISO 639-3. Hence ISO 639-3 is not a superset of ISO 639-2.
2644:
2022:
48:
1814:
2866:
733:, from pejorative "Janejero". These codes may thus be considered offensive by native speakers. However, codes can be changed with a request submission on
751:
may be subdivided in many ways, whereas the standard privileges one choice. Such distinctions are often based instead on social and political factors.
3941:
3861:
3652:
3647:
3493:
609:(multiple languages) is intended for cases where the data includes more than one language, and (for example) the database requires a single ISO code.
603:(uncoded languages, originally an abbreviation for 'miscellaneous') is intended for languages which have not (yet) been included in the ISO standard.
3659:
1841:
940:
2013:
93:
are also frequently used in the linguistic literature and elsewhere to compensate for the fact that language names may be obscure or ambiguous.
4192:
961:
2554:
851:
3.0 standard for language metadata uses Dublin Core
Metadata elements. These language metadata elements in ePubs must contain valid RFC
4261:
4062:
3585:
2968:
2559:
2529:
1809:
1736:
1709:
1646:
3906:
3236:
3033:
872:
661:
The code table for ISO 639-3 is open to changes. In order to protect stability of existing usage, the changes permitted are limited to:
473:
files are provided by the registration authority. Mappings from ISO 639-1 or ISO 639-2 to ISO 639-3 can be done using these data files.
998:
804:
Wikimedia
Foundation: New language-based projects (e.g. Wikipedias in new languages) must have an identifier from ISO 639-1, -2, or -3.
2357:
888:
3433:
2457:
1215:
3997:
3169:
3013:
511:
There are 58 languages in ISO 639-2 which are considered, for the purposes of the standard, to be "macrolanguages" in ISO 639-3.
493:
The upper bound gets even stricter if one subtracts the language collections defined in 639-2 and the ones yet to be defined in
814:
4092:
4087:
3794:
1354:
584:
defines 3-letter collective codes for language families and groups, including the collective language codes from ISO 639-2.
4340:
3886:
3216:
3149:
2729:
2377:
712:
public archive of every change request is maintained along with the decisions taken and the rationale for the decisions.
1834:
82:
4231:
3709:
2006:
36:
Codes for the representation of names of languages – Part 3: Alpha-3 code for comprehensive coverage of languages
1496:
3891:
3799:
3749:
3508:
2841:
2836:
1421:
1159:
625:(no linguistic content / not applicable) is intended for data which is not a language at all, such as animal calls.
1673:
4157:
4102:
3881:
3866:
3846:
3124:
2544:
2040:
288:
684:
Changes are made on an annual cycle. Every request is given a minimum period of three months for public review.
665:
modifications to the reference information for an entry (including names or categorizations for type and scope),
110:
4205:
4112:
3901:
3876:
3088:
3083:
905:
112:
3759:
3301:
3291:
3286:
2861:
2846:
2786:
2220:
2215:
2175:
1972:
1952:
1929:
1910:
1891:
1827:
1762:
Good, Jeff; Cysouw, Michael (2013). "Languoid, doculect, and glossonym: formalizing the notion 'language'".
130:
653:, unnamed proto-language. This is used for proposed intermediate nodes in a family tree that have no name.
4309:
4077:
4067:
3196:
2614:
2195:
1999:
1217:
The language codes of ISO 639: A premature, ultimately unobtainable, and possibly damaging standardization
391:
378:
249:
78:
73:
3498:
3361:
3008:
2382:
2230:
2200:
2093:
2083:
2044:
2036:
1935:
1617:
769:
506:
470:
1517:
490:(22), 546 codes cannot be used in part 3. Therefore, a stricter upper bound is 17,576 − 546 = 17,030.
4256:
4162:
3896:
3871:
3714:
3555:
2993:
2796:
2669:
2452:
1592:
720:
Linguists Morey, Post and
Friedman raise various criticisms of ISO 639, and in particular ISO 639-3:
638:
460:
4335:
4097:
3836:
1798:
1114:
734:
4042:
3977:
2317:
1696:
1471:
47:
series. It defines three-letter codes for identifying languages. The standard was published by
2871:
1751:
1724:
1661:
810:
759:
748:
440:
69:
842:. (Therefore, all standards which depend on any of these 3 IETF standards now use ISO 639-3.)
4330:
3605:
3346:
2674:
1771:
1688:
995:
681:
The code assigned to a language is not changed unless there is also a change in denotation.
646:
404:
320:
301:
275:
173:
59:
4215:
3936:
3841:
3595:
3523:
3518:
3513:
2998:
2961:
2956:
2951:
2946:
2941:
2936:
2931:
1567:
1197:
1002:
855:
codes for languages. RFC5646 points to ISO 639-3 for languages without shorter IANA codes.
616:
262:
211:
192:
116:
1221:
3503:
3251:
3063:
2926:
2916:
2911:
2906:
2901:
2896:
2891:
2886:
2881:
2250:
2240:
726:
62:. The extended language coverage was based primarily on the language codes used in the
4324:
4291:
4266:
4251:
4187:
4182:
4177:
4172:
4167:
4012:
3957:
3926:
3916:
3779:
3769:
3739:
3734:
3684:
3664:
3642:
3627:
3580:
3545:
3488:
3483:
3473:
3351:
3296:
3271:
3266:
3246:
3119:
2659:
2235:
2098:
2068:
1700:
1329:
786:
642:
515:
464:
421:
359:
40:
17:
1284:
1079:
1014:
4152:
4122:
3982:
3326:
3321:
3184:
3179:
3174:
3093:
3038:
2988:
2921:
2876:
2851:
2781:
2776:
2771:
2766:
2761:
2719:
2684:
2594:
2589:
2417:
2225:
1991:
417:
346:
1794:
1298:
755:
standard, which may be used (or mis-used) in ways that ISO and SIL do not intend.
637:
are 'reserved for local use'. For example, Rebecca
Bettencourt assigns a code to
4127:
3824:
3819:
3814:
3398:
3315:
2287:
1313:"Can language identity be standardized? On Morey et al.'s critique of ISO 639-3"
896:
892:
866:
862:
858:
852:
839:
835:
831:
825:
975:
467:, as well as languages recommended within the annual public commenting period.
114:
4117:
4022:
3729:
3704:
3468:
3423:
3159:
2816:
2629:
2522:
2517:
2512:
2472:
2447:
2322:
2078:
1030:
781:
456:
64:
1270:
1065:
1051:
4286:
4281:
4276:
4271:
4246:
4236:
4197:
4147:
4142:
4137:
4132:
4037:
4032:
4027:
4017:
4007:
3992:
3972:
3967:
3962:
3911:
3856:
3851:
3831:
3809:
3789:
3744:
3724:
3679:
3674:
3669:
3637:
3600:
3590:
3575:
3570:
3565:
3550:
3535:
3530:
3458:
3453:
3448:
3428:
3418:
3413:
3408:
3393:
3388:
3336:
3331:
3311:
3281:
3256:
3241:
3211:
3164:
3154:
3134:
3129:
3114:
3109:
3023:
2744:
2739:
2634:
2280:
2275:
2265:
2260:
2168:
2163:
2158:
2153:
1966:
1947:
1905:
1886:
798:
764:
744:
Permanent identification of a language is incompatible with language change.
688:
593:
581:
570:
566:
534:
494:
487:
333:
144:
140:
136:
55:
1593:"Elements – MODS User Guidelines: Metadata Object Description Schema: MODS"
1446:
1256:
1242:
1155:
523:
1542:
1135:
1093:
3921:
3699:
3403:
3231:
3068:
3058:
3043:
3018:
3003:
2978:
2973:
2856:
2831:
2826:
2811:
2806:
2801:
2791:
2756:
2751:
2734:
2714:
2709:
2704:
2699:
2694:
2689:
2679:
2664:
2654:
2649:
2639:
2624:
2619:
2609:
2604:
2599:
2584:
2579:
2574:
2569:
2564:
2549:
2534:
2507:
2502:
2497:
2492:
2487:
2482:
2477:
2467:
2462:
2442:
2437:
2427:
2422:
2412:
2407:
2397:
2392:
2387:
2362:
2352:
2245:
2148:
2143:
2138:
2133:
2128:
2123:
2118:
2113:
2108:
89:
908:: ISO specification for representation of machine-readable dictionaries.
741:
opaque, and many linguists have given up trying to improve the standard.
677:
splitting an existing language entry into multiple new language entries.
4210:
4002:
3987:
3784:
3774:
3764:
3540:
3356:
3306:
3201:
3189:
2347:
2342:
2337:
2332:
2327:
2312:
2307:
2302:
2297:
2292:
2255:
2210:
2205:
2190:
2185:
2180:
1869:
1850:
1692:
1368:
911:
687:
The ISO 639-3 Web site has pages that describe "scopes of denotation" (
519:
44:
1775:
918:: Uses several hundred codes from ISO 639-3 not included in ISO 639-2.
4072:
4057:
4052:
4047:
3719:
3694:
3622:
3478:
3463:
3443:
3438:
3383:
3376:
3371:
3366:
3261:
3226:
3073:
2724:
2539:
2103:
1710:"In opposition to adopting Ethnologue's language codes for ISO 639-3"
1173:
747:
Languages and dialects often cannot be rigorously distinguished, and
230:
1393:
550:
544:
104:
Enter an ISO 639-3 code to find the corresponding language article.
3560:
557:
A complete list is available on the ISO 639-3 registrar's website.
27:
International standard for three-letter codes identifying languages
4107:
4082:
3804:
3689:
3341:
3206:
3078:
3053:
3048:
3028:
2402:
2372:
2367:
2088:
2073:
2063:
2058:
95:
3754:
3617:
3610:
3276:
3221:
2821:
2432:
1312:
915:
848:
791:
1995:
1823:
4241:
3931:
2983:
943:. International Organization for Standardization. 2010-07-20
1789:
1214:
Morey, Stephen; Post, Mark W.; Friedman, Victor A. (2013).
1819:
1518:"Semantics, structure, and APIs of HTML documents — HTML5"
649:. Linguist List has assigned one of them a generic value:
801:: Supports all codes in ISO 639-3 at the time of release.
1198:"Submitting ISO 639-3 Change Requests: Types of Changes"
861:: DCMI Metadata Term for language, via IETF's RFC
671:
deprecation of entries that are duplicates or spurious,
1543:"Extensible Markup Language (XML) 1.0 (Fifth Edition)"
1209:
1207:
1810:
Linguist List - List of
Ancient and Extinct Languages
1647:"ISO standardized language codes and the Ethnologue"
4224:
3950:
3102:
2051:
976:"Types of individual languages – Ancient languages"
962:"Maintenance agencies and registration authorities"
674:
merging one or more entries into another entry, and
650:
634:
630:
622:
619:
where an unattested language has been given a name.
612:
606:
600:
902:Text Encoding Initiative (TEI): via IETF's BCP 47.
641:, and new assignments are made upon request. The
1674:"Practical language development: Whose mission?"
147:exist in ISO 639-2, ISO 639-3 uses the T-codes.
1472:"Two-letter or three-letter ISO language codes"
1243:"Scope of Denotation for Language Identifiers"
49:International Organization for Standardization
2007:
1835:
1737:"SSILA statement on ISO 639-3 language codes"
58:alpha-3 codes with an aim to cover all known
8:
1025:
1023:
935:
933:
891:library codes: Incorporates IETF's RFC
459:, historic varieties, ancient languages and
1416:
1414:
1136:"Scope of denotation: Collective languages"
1066:"Scope of Denotation: Individual Languages"
2014:
2000:
1992:
1859:
1842:
1828:
1820:
1220:. PARADISEC RRR Conference. Archived from
873:Internet Assigned Numbers Authority (IANA)
567:ISO 639-2 § Collective language codes
1764:Language Documentation & Conservation
1394:"BCP 47 – Tags for Identifying Languages"
807:Other standards that rely on ISO 639-3:
149:
1156:Field Recordings of Vervet Monkey Calls
996:Ethnologue report for ISO 639 code: zho
929:
1355:"Over 7,000 languages, just 1 Windows"
1285:"Submitting ISO 639-3 Change Requests"
794:: the Open Languages Archive Community
1499:. Internet Assigned Numbers Authority
1311:Martin Haspelmath (4 December 2013).
1094:"Scope of denotation: Macrolanguages"
7:
1672:Dobrin, Lise M.; Good, Jeff (2009).
629:In addition, 520 codes in the range
135:ISO 639-3 includes all languages in
39:, is an international standard for
1568:"Scalable Vector Graphics (SVG) 2"
25:
88:ISO 639-3 is intended for use as
4305:
4304:
1790:ISO 639-3 Registration Authority
1299:"ISO 639-3 Change Request Index"
139:and all individual languages in
1080:"Scope of Denotation: Dialects"
941:"ISO 639-3 status and abstract"
859:Dublin Core Metadata Initiative
815:Internet Engineering Task Force
1815:explanation by Håvard Hjulstad
1805:Pending ISO 639-3 applications
1158:. Entry in the catalog of the
1:
1317:Diversity Linguistics Comment
1271:"ISO 639-3 Change Management"
916:Common locale data repository
68:(volumes 10–14) published by
895:(now superseded by RFC
865:(now superseded by RFC
838:, which superseded RFC
834:, which superseded RFC
592:Four codes are set aside in
1735:Golla, Victor, ed. (2006).
151:Example ISO language codes
4357:
1369:"Language proposal policy"
1160:Linguistic Data Consortium
824:, which includes RFC
817:(IETF), as documented in:
564:
504:
128:
51:(ISO) on 1 February 2007.
4300:
2033:
1857:
1645:Aristar, Anthony (2006).
1330:"OLAC Language Extension"
879:HTML5: via IETF's BCP 47.
526:)) already in ISO 639-2.
439:
428:
425:
416:
403:
390:
377:
366:
363:
358:
345:
332:
319:
308:
305:
300:
287:
274:
261:
248:
237:
234:
229:
210:
172:
167:
164:
161:
158:
155:
1622:Text Encoding Initiative
1357:. Microsoft. 2014-02-05.
1115:"Macrolanguage Mappings"
906:Lexical Markup Framework
822:Best Current Practice 47
668:addition of new entries,
553:(Standard Arabic, 639-3)
1708:Epps, Patience (2006).
1422:"EPUB Publications 3.0"
1174:"ConLang Code Registry"
1162:. Retrieved 2023-01-15.
885:SVG: via IETF's BCP 47.
882:XML: via IETF's BCP 47.
547:(Generic Arabic, 639-2)
131:List of ISO 639-3 codes
79:reconstructed languages
1618:"TEI element language"
1172:Bettencourt, Rebecca.
729:was assigned the code
74:registration authority
54:ISO 639-3 extends the
1797:at the United States
1447:"DCMI Metadata Terms"
1334:language-archives.org
1033:. Sil.org. 2021-02-18
770:software localization
657:Maintenance processes
639:constructed languages
507:ISO 639 macrolanguage
471:Machine-readable data
18:Undetermined language
4341:Language identifiers
1257:"Types of Languages"
1031:"ISO 639-3 Code Set"
561:Collective languages
461:artificial languages
1936:macrolanguage codes
1799:Library of Congress
1597:Library of Congress
1497:"Language Registry"
152:
83:Proto-Indo-European
72:, which is now the
2027:by standard number
1863:
1693:10.1353/lan.0.0152
1001:2014-09-12 at the
813:as defined by the
150:
4318:
4317:
2041:ISO romanizations
1989:
1988:
1984:
1983:
1005:on ethnologue.com
760:Martin Haspelmath
647:extinct languages
452:
451:
122:
121:
70:SIL International
60:natural languages
16:(Redirected from
4348:
4308:
4307:
2028:
2016:
2009:
2002:
1993:
1860:
1844:
1837:
1830:
1821:
1779:
1758:
1756:
1750:. Archived from
1741:
1731:
1729:
1723:. Archived from
1714:
1704:
1678:
1668:
1666:
1660:. Archived from
1651:
1633:
1632:
1630:
1628:
1614:
1608:
1607:
1605:
1603:
1589:
1583:
1582:
1580:
1578:
1564:
1558:
1557:
1555:
1553:
1539:
1533:
1532:
1530:
1528:
1514:
1508:
1507:
1505:
1504:
1493:
1487:
1486:
1484:
1482:
1468:
1462:
1461:
1459:
1457:
1443:
1437:
1436:
1434:
1432:
1418:
1409:
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749:dialect continua
732:
652:
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99:Find a language
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1757:on 20 May 2014.
1754:
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1727:
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551:arb | ISO 639-3
545:ara | ISO 639-3
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250:Standard Arabic
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1784:External links
1782:
1781:
1780:
1759:
1744:SSILA Bulletin
1732:
1717:SSILA Bulletin
1705:
1687:(3): 619–629.
1669:
1654:SSILA Bulletin
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669:
666:
658:
655:
645:uses them for
627:
626:
620:
610:
604:
589:
586:
562:
559:
555:
554:
548:
516:macrolanguages
514:Some of these
505:Main article:
502:
501:Macrolanguages
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129:Main article:
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125:Language codes
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41:language codes
31:ISO 639-3:2007
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24:
14:
13:
10:
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2:
4353:
4342:
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2239:
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2222:
2219:
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2214:
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2209:
2207:
2204:
2202:
2199:
2197:
2194:
2192:
2189:
2187:
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2179:
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2174:
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2167:
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2162:
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2110:
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2100:
2097:
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2072:
2070:
2067:
2065:
2062:
2060:
2057:
2056:
2054:
2050:
2046:
2045:IEC standards
2042:
2038:
2037:ISO standards
2032:
2024:
2017:
2012:
2010:
2005:
2003:
1998:
1997:
1994:
1976:
1974:
1973:list of codes
1971:
1968:
1965:
1964:
1962:
1956:
1954:
1953:list of codes
1951:
1949:
1946:
1945:
1943:
1937:
1933:
1931:
1930:list of codes
1928:
1926:
1923:
1922:
1920:
1914:
1912:
1911:list of codes
1909:
1907:
1904:
1903:
1901:
1895:
1893:
1892:list of codes
1890:
1888:
1885:
1884:
1882:
1876:
1873:
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1862:
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1423:
1417:
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1411:
1399:
1395:
1389:
1386:
1374:
1373:wikimedia.org
1370:
1364:
1361:
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1350:
1347:
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1331:
1325:
1322:
1318:
1314:
1308:
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1294:
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1286:
1280:
1277:
1272:
1266:
1263:
1258:
1252:
1249:
1244:
1238:
1235:
1224:on 2016-02-23
1223:
1219:
1218:
1210:
1208:
1204:
1199:
1193:
1190:
1179:
1175:
1168:
1165:
1161:
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1149:
1137:
1131:
1128:
1116:
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1107:
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1047:
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1032:
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1024:
1020:
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1011:
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989:
977:
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968:
963:
957:
954:
942:
936:
934:
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924:
917:
913:
910:
907:
904:
901:
898:
894:
890:
887:
884:
881:
878:
874:
871:
868:
864:
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857:
854:
850:
846:
841:
837:
833:
829:
827:
823:
819:
818:
816:
812:
811:Language tags
809:
808:
806:
803:
800:
796:
793:
790:
788:
787:Linguist List
785:
783:
780:
779:
775:
773:
771:
766:
761:
753:
750:
746:
743:
739:
736:
735:SIL's website
728:
723:
722:
721:
715:
713:
709:
705:
701:
697:
693:
690:
685:
682:
676:
673:
670:
667:
664:
663:
662:
656:
654:
648:
644:
643:Linguist List
640:
621:
618:
611:
605:
599:
598:
597:
595:
588:Special codes
587:
585:
583:
579:
576:
572:
568:
560:
558:
552:
549:
546:
543:
542:
541:
540:For example:
538:
536:
531:
527:
525:
521:
517:
512:
508:
500:
498:
496:
491:
489:
480:
478:
474:
472:
468:
466:
465:Linguist List
462:
458:
447:
444:
442:
438:
434:
431:
423:
419:
415:
411:
408:
406:
402:
398:
395:
393:
392:Northern Thai
389:
385:
382:
380:
379:Southern Thai
376:
372:
369:
361:
357:
353:
350:
348:
344:
340:
337:
335:
331:
327:
324:
322:
318:
314:
311:
303:
299:
295:
292:
290:
286:
282:
279:
277:
273:
269:
266:
264:
260:
256:
253:
251:
247:
243:
240:
232:
228:
224:
221:
218:
215:
213:
209:
205:
202:
199:
196:
194:
191:
190:
186:
183:
180:
177:
175:
171:
154:
148:
146:
145:B and T codes
142:
138:
132:
124:
108:
107:
103:
102:
98:
97:
94:
91:
86:
84:
80:
75:
71:
67:
66:
61:
57:
52:
50:
46:
42:
38:
37:
32:
19:
4163:27000 series
2270:
1924:
1870:ISO 639:2023
1767:
1763:
1752:the original
1747:
1743:
1725:the original
1720:
1716:
1684:
1680:
1662:the original
1657:
1653:
1625:. Retrieved
1621:
1612:
1600:. Retrieved
1596:
1587:
1575:. Retrieved
1571:
1562:
1550:. Retrieved
1546:
1537:
1525:. Retrieved
1521:
1512:
1501:. Retrieved
1491:
1479:. Retrieved
1475:
1466:
1454:. Retrieved
1450:
1441:
1429:. Retrieved
1425:
1401:. Retrieved
1397:
1388:
1376:. Retrieved
1372:
1363:
1349:
1337:. Retrieved
1333:
1324:
1316:
1307:
1293:
1279:
1265:
1251:
1237:
1226:. Retrieved
1222:the original
1216:
1192:
1181:. Retrieved
1178:KreativeKorp
1177:
1167:
1151:
1140:. Retrieved
1130:
1119:. Retrieved
1109:
1098:. Retrieved
1088:
1074:
1060:
1046:
1035:. Retrieved
1010:
991:
980:. Retrieved
970:
956:
945:. Retrieved
821:
758:
719:
710:
706:
702:
698:
694:
692:inventions.
686:
683:
680:
660:
628:
591:
580:
577:
574:
556:
539:
532:
528:
513:
510:
492:
488:B-only codes
484:
475:
469:
453:
360:Central Thai
347:Southern Min
289:Gilit Arabic
162:639-2 (B/T)
134:
87:
63:
53:
35:
34:
30:
29:
3951:20000–29999
3103:10000–19999
1770:: 331–359.
1577:3 September
1552:3 September
1052:"ISO 639-3"
203:individual
168:639-3 code
165:639-3 type
4336:2007 works
4325:Categories
3730:16949 (TS)
3327:11941 (TR)
2025:standards
1776:10125/4606
1503:2015-08-12
1301:. sil.org.
1287:. sil.org.
1273:. sil.org.
1259:. sil.org.
1245:. sil.org.
1228:2015-11-03
1200:. sil.org.
1183:2021-03-12
1142:2012-06-14
1121:2021-11-02
1100:2012-06-14
1082:. sil.org.
1068:. sil.org.
1054:. sil.org.
1037:2021-04-07
1017:on SIL.org
982:2018-06-11
947:2012-06-14
925:References
797:Microsoft
782:Ethnologue
565:See also:
522:), 'nob' (
481:Code space
457:Ethnologue
445:individual
432:individual
409:individual
396:individual
383:individual
370:individual
351:individual
338:individual
325:individual
293:individual
280:individual
267:individual
254:individual
222:individual
184:individual
65:Ethnologue
3685:15926 WIP
3049:9592/9593
2974:9000/9001
2862:8805/8806
1969:(defunct)
1967:ISO 639-6
1915:languages
1896:languages
1701:144749106
1138:. sil.org
1117:. sil.org
1096:. sil.org
978:. sil.org
876:standard.
830:RFC
799:Windows 8
716:Criticism
594:ISO 639-2
582:ISO 639-5
571:ISO 639-5
535:diglossia
495:ISO 639-5
463:from the
334:Cantonese
156:Language
141:ISO 639-2
137:ISO 639-1
56:ISO 639-2
4310:Category
2035:List of
1977:variants
1877:standard
1681:Language
1627:3 August
1602:3 August
1527:3 August
1481:3 August
1456:3 August
1451:purl.org
1431:3 August
1426:idpf.org
1403:3 August
1398:ietf.org
1378:3 August
1339:3 August
1015:ISO639-3
999:Archived
820:BCP 47:
765:languoid
689:languoid
441:Phu Thai
435:lao/tts
321:Mandarin
200:fre/fra
90:metadata
81:such as
4331:ISO 639
4211:29199-2
4083:23094-2
4078:23094-1
4068:23090-3
3937:19794-5
3932:19775-1
3720:16612-2
3710:16355-1
3399:13406-2
3357:12234-2
3125:10118-3
1851:ISO 639
1801:website
912:Unicode
520:Nynorsk
309:chi/zho
302:Chinese
219:ger/deu
174:English
45:ISO 639
43:in the
4225:30000+
3064:9797-1
2872:8820-5
2817:8501-1
2373:1073-2
2368:1073-1
2052:1–9999
1699:
964:. ISO.
617:Trojan
569:, and
524:Bokmål
231:Arabic
212:German
193:French
159:639-1
115:
4292:80000
4287:56000
4282:55000
4277:50001
4272:45001
4267:42010
4262:40500
4257:39075
4252:38500
4247:37001
4242:32000
4237:31000
4232:30170
4216:29500
4206:29148
4202:29110
4198:28000
4193:27729
4188:27006
4183:27005
4178:27002
4173:27001
4168:27000
4158:26324
4153:26300
4148:26262
4143:26000
4138:25964
4133:25178
4128:24728
4123:24707
4118:24617
4113:24613
4108:24517
4103:23941
4098:23360
4093:23271
4088:23270
4073:23092
4063:23009
4058:23008
4053:23003
4048:23000
4043:22537
4038:22395
4033:22301
4028:22300
4023:22275
4018:22000
4013:21827
4008:21500
4003:21122
3998:21047
3993:21001
3988:21000
3983:20830
3978:20802
3973:20400
3968:20121
3963:20022
3958:20000
3942:19831
3927:19770
3922:19757
3917:19752
3912:19600
3907:19510
3902:19509
3897:19508
3892:19507
3887:19506
3882:19505
3877:19503
3872:19502
3867:19501
3862:19500
3857:19439
3852:19407
3847:19136
3842:19125
3837:19115
3832:19114
3815:19092
3810:19011
3805:19005
3800:18916
3795:18629
3790:18245
3785:18181
3780:18014
3775:18004
3770:17799
3765:17506
3760:17442
3755:17369
3750:17203
3745:17100
3740:17025
3735:17024
3725:16750
3715:16485
3705:16262
3700:16023
3695:15938
3690:15930
3680:15926
3675:15924
3670:15919
3665:15897
3660:15707
3648:15706
3643:15693
3638:15686
3633:15511
3628:15504
3623:15438
3618:15445
3601:15444
3596:15408
3591:15398
3586:15291
3581:15288
3576:15189
3571:15022
3566:14971
3561:14882
3556:14764
3551:14698
3546:14651
3541:14649
3536:14644
3531:14617
3479:14496
3474:14443
3469:14396
3464:14289
3459:14224
3454:14031
3449:14000
3444:13818
3439:13816
3434:13616
3429:13584
3424:13568
3419:13567
3414:13490
3409:13485
3404:13450
3394:13399
3389:13250
3384:13216
3367:13211
3362:12620
3352:12207
3347:12182
3342:12052
3337:12006
3332:11992
3322:11941
3312:11940
3307:11898
3302:11889
3297:11801
3292:11785
3287:11784
3282:11783
3277:11544
3272:11404
3267:11179
3262:11172
3257:11170
3252:11073
3247:10967
3242:10962
3237:10957
3232:10861
3227:10746
3222:10664
3217:10646
3212:10628
3207:10589
3202:10585
3197:10383
3165:10303
3160:10279
3155:10218
3150:10206
3145:10179
3140:10165
3135:10161
3130:10160
3120:10116
3115:10007
3110:10006
1948:Set 5
1925:Set 3
1906:Set 2
1887:Set 1
1755:(PDF)
1740:(PDF)
1728:(PDF)
1713:(PDF)
1697:S2CID
1677:(PDF)
1665:(PDF)
1650:(PDF)
776:Usage
727:Yemsa
312:macro
276:Shami
263:Masri
241:macro
3190:-238
3094:9995
3089:9985
3084:9984
3079:9945
3074:9899
3069:9897
3059:9660
3054:9594
3044:9564
3039:9529
3034:9506
3029:9496
3024:9407
3019:9362
3014:9314
3009:9293
3004:9241
2999:9227
2994:9141
2989:9126
2984:9075
2979:9036
2969:8879
2922:-8-I
2877:8859
2867:8807
2857:8691
2852:8652
2847:8651
2842:8632
2837:8613
2832:8601
2827:8583
2822:8571
2812:8373
2807:8217
2802:8178
2797:8093
2792:8000
2787:7942
2782:7816
2777:7813
2772:7812
2767:7811
2762:7810
2757:7736
2752:7637
2740:7498
2735:7200
2730:7185
2725:7098
2720:7064
2715:7027
2710:7010
2705:7002
2700:7001
2695:6943
2690:6709
2685:6523
2680:6438
2675:6429
2670:6425
2665:6385
2660:6373
2655:6346
2650:6344
2645:6166
2640:5964
2635:5807
2630:5800
2625:5776
2620:5775
2615:5725
2610:5428
2605:5427
2600:5426
2595:5218
2590:4909
2585:4217
2580:4165
2575:4157
2570:4031
2565:3977
2560:3950
2555:3901
2550:3864
2545:3602
2540:3601
2535:3307
2530:3297
2508:3166
2503:3103
2498:3029
2493:2921
2488:2852
2483:2848
2478:2788
2473:2720
2468:2711
2463:2709
2458:2533
2453:2281
2448:2240
2443:2146
2438:2145
2433:2108
2428:2047
2423:2033
2418:2022
2413:2015
2408:2014
2403:1989
2398:1745
2393:1629
2388:1538
2383:1413
2378:1155
2363:1007
2358:1004
2353:1000
2176:68-1
1629:2015
1604:2015
1579:2022
1554:2022
1529:2015
1483:2015
1458:2015
1433:2015
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