1127:
1648:
bacteria while cleaning game. In some cases, consumption of undercooked game can result in exposure to the disease. Hunters can limit exposure while cleaning game through the use of precautionary barriers, including gloves and masks, and by washing tools rigorously after use. By ensuring that game is cooked thoroughly, hunters can protect themselves and others from ingesting the disease. Hunters should refer to local game officials and health departments to determine the risk of brucellosis exposure in their immediate area and to learn more about actions to reduce or avoid exposure.
1575:. The harbor porpoise, striped dolphin, white-sided dolphin, bottlenose dolphin, and common dolphin have the highest frequency of infection amongst odontocetes. In the mysticetes families, the northern minke whale is by far the most infected species. Dolphins and porpoises are more likely to be infected than cetaceans such as whales. With regard to sex and age biases, the infections do not seem influenced by the age or sex of an individual. Although fatal to cetaceans,
863:
Currently, no effective vaccine is available for humans. Boiling milk before consumption, or before using it to produce other dairy products, is protective against transmission via ingestion. Changing traditional food habits of eating raw meat, liver, or bone marrow is necessary, but difficult to implement. Patients who have had brucellosis should probably be excluded indefinitely from donating blood or organs. Exposure of diagnostic laboratory personnel to
1138:
943:, the result was âpossibly the largest laboratory accident in the history of infectious diseases.â According to Pappas, out of nearly 70,000 people tested, more than 10,000 were seropositive, citing figures compiled by the provincial health authorities in Lanzhouâs Gansu province. Pappas also states that Chinese documents show that more than 3,000 people living near the plant applied for compensation, an indication of at least a mild illness.
1226:
States. She began to wonder whether many cases of vaguely defined febrile illnesses were in fact caused by the drinking of raw (unpasteurized) milk. During the 1920s, this hypothesis was vindicated. Such illnesses ranged from undiagnosed and untreated gastrointestinal upset to misdiagnosed febrile and painful versions, some even fatal. This advance in bacteriological science sparked extensive changes in the
American dairy industry to improve
952:
582:
497:
253:
350:
574:
1611:), and marine mammals (see section on aquatic wildlife above). While some regions use vaccines to prevent the spread of brucellosis between infected and uninfected wildlife populations, no suitable brucellosis vaccine for terrestrial wildlife has been developed. This gap in medicinal knowledge creates more pressure for management practices that reduce spread of the disease.
1238:. The expense prompted delay and skepticism in the industry, but the new hygiene rules eventually became the norm. Although these measures have sometimes struck people as overdone in the decades since, being unhygienic at milking time or in the milkhouse, or drinking raw milk, are not a safe alternative.
2929:
Michael F Sexton, president of
Veterinary Ireland, which represents vets in practice, said: "Many vets and farmers in particular suffered significantly with brucellosis in past decades and it is greatly welcomed by the veterinary profession that this debilitating disease is no longer the hazard that
1638:
The
National Elk Refuge in Jackson, Wyoming asserts that the intensity of the winter feeding program affects the spread of brucellosis more than the population size of elk and bison. Since concentrating animals around food plots accelerates spread of the disease, management strategies to reduce herd
1375:
Agents US and AA had a median infective dose of 500 organisms/person, and for Agent AM it was 300 organisms/person. The incubation time was believed to be about 2 weeks, with a duration of infection of several months. The lethality estimate was, based on epidemiological information, 1 to 2 per cent.
1225:
in
American dairy cattle, which showed itself in the regularity with which herds experienced contagious abortion. Having made the discovery that the bacteria were certainly nearly identical and perhaps totally so, Evans then wondered why Malta fever was not widely diagnosed or reported in the United
1216:
was studying the Bang bacillus and gradually realized that it was virtually indistinguishable from the Bruce coccus. The short-rod versus oblong-round morphologic borderline explained the leveling of the erstwhile bacillus/coccus distinction (that is, these "two" pathogens were not a coccus versus a
826:
100 mg twice daily for 45 days (concurrently). Gentamicin 5 mg/kg by intramuscular injection once daily for 7 days is an acceptable substitute when streptomycin is not available or contraindicated. Another widely used regimen is doxycycline plus rifampicin twice daily for at least 6 weeks.
1622:
in the US. The recent transmission of brucellosis from elk back to cattle in Idaho and
Wyoming illustrates how the area, as the last remaining reservoir in the United States, may adversely affect the livestock industry. Eliminating brucellosis from this area is a challenge, as many viewpoints exist
730:
is fast and should be specific. Many varieties of PCR have been developed (e.g. nested PCR, realtime PCR, and PCR-ELISA) and found to have superior specificity and sensitivity in detecting both primary infection and relapse after treatment. Unfortunately, these are not standardized for routine use,
721:
IgM antibodies, and are simple, accurate, and rapid. ELISA typically uses cytoplasmic proteins as antigens. It measures IgM, IgG, and IgA with better sensitivity and specificity than the SAT in most recent comparative studies. The commercial
Brucellacapt test, a single-step immunocapture assay for
776:
Another important aspect of
Brucellosis prevention is public awareness. People in endemic areas demonstrated a high lack of knowledge and understanding of the disease and its causes. To combat this, the One Health concept has been proposed. One Health is a method for combining disciplines such as
436:
This complex is, at least in
Portugal, Palestine, Israel, Syria, Iran, and Jordan, known as Malta fever. During episodes of Malta fever, melitococcemia (presence of brucellae in the blood) can usually be demonstrated by means of blood culture in tryptose medium or Albini medium. If untreated, the
1647:
Hunters may be at additional risk for exposure to brucellosis due to increased contact with susceptible wildlife, including predators that may have fed on infected prey. Hunting dogs can also be at risk of infection. Exposure can occur through contact with open wounds or by directly inhaling the
921:
declared its cattle population brucellosis-free. Brucellosis ring testing of milk and cream, and testing of cattle to be slaughtered ended on 1 April 1999. Monitoring continues through testing at auction markets, through standard disease-reporting procedures, and through testing of cattle being
1562:
is believed to transfer from animal to animal through sexual intercourse, maternal feeding, aborted fetuses, placental issues, from mother to fetus, or through fish reservoirs. Brucellosis is a reproductive disease, so has an extreme negative impact on the population dynamics of a species. This
862:
and surgery have been successful in preventing death due to endocarditis. Prevention of human brucellosis can be achieved by eradication of the disease in animals by vaccination and other veterinary control methods such as testing herds/flocks and slaughtering animals when infection is present.
750:
Surveillance using serological tests, as well as tests on milk such as the milk ring test, can be used for screening and play an important role in campaigns to eliminate the disease. Also, individual animal testing both for trade and for disease-control purposes is practiced. In endemic areas,
1371:
The main drawback of using the M114 with Agent US was that it acted mainly as an incapacitating agent, whereas the USAF administration wanted weapons that were deadly. The stability of M114 in storage was too low to allow for storing it at forward air bases, and the logistical requirements to
608:
Definite diagnosis of brucellosis requires the isolation of the organism from the blood, body fluids, or tissues, but serological methods may be the only tests available in many settings. Positive blood culture yield ranges between 40 and 70% and is less commonly positive for
1435:. Once exposed, the likelihood of an animal becoming infected is variable, depending on age, pregnancy status, and other intrinsic factors of the animal, as well as the number of bacteria to which the animal was exposed. The most common clinical signs of cattle infected with
1042:
Mainland
Britain has been free of brucellosis since 1979, although there have been episodic re-introductions since. The last outbreak of brucellosis in Great Britain was in cattle in Cornwall in 2004. Northern Ireland was declared officially brucellosis-free in 2015.
867:
organisms remains a problem in both endemic settings and when brucellosis is unknowingly imported by a patient. After appropriate risk assessment, staff with significant exposure should be offered postexposure prophylaxis and followed up serologically for 6 months.
1367:
during World War II. Though the capability was developed, operational testing indicated the weapon was less than desirable, and the USAF designed it as an interim capability until it could eventually be replaced by a more effective biological weapon.
1087:
transmission. This vaccination is usually referred to as a "calfhood" vaccination. Most cattle receive a tattoo in one of their ears, serving as proof of their vaccination status. This tattoo also includes the last digit of the year they were born.
593:
Demonstration of the agent: blood cultures in tryptose broth, bone marrow cultures: The growth of brucellae is extremely slow (they can take up to two months to grow) and the culture poses a risk to laboratory personnel due to high infectivity of
4035:
4020:
4005:
1516:, and infection of the intervertebral disc can cause pain or weakness. Blood testing of the dogs prior to breeding can prevent the spread of this disease. It is treated with antibiotics, as with humans, but it is difficult to cure.
1488:, is transmitted to other dogs through breeding and contact with aborted fetuses. Brucellosis can occur in humans who come in contact with infected aborted tissue or semen. The bacteria in dogs normally infect the genitals and
82:
central nervous system infections, inflammation and infection of the spleen and liver, inflammation and infection of the testicles (epididymo-orchitis), Arthritis, Inflammation of the inner lining of the heart chambers
1002:
in Malta to the point of it being referred to as "Maltese fever". Since 2005, due to a strict regimen of certification of milk animals and widespread use of pasteurization, the illness has been eradicated from Malta.
2743:
2035:
Peck ME, Jenpanich C, Amonsin A, Bunpapong N, Chanachai K, Somrongthong R, et al. (January 2019). "Knowledge, Attitudes and
Practices Associated with Brucellosis among Small-Scale Goat Farmers in Thailand".
597:
Demonstration of antibodies against the agent either with the classic Huddleson, Wright, and/or Bengal Rose reactions, either with ELISA or the 2-mercaptoethanol assay for IgM antibodies associated with chronic
4635:
908:
is free of cattle brucellosis, although it occurred in the past. Brucellosis of sheep or goats has never been reported. Brucellosis of pigs does occur. Feral pigs are the typical source of human infections.
777:
public health, veterinary services, and microbiology to bring awareness to the disease. However, the implementation of this method faces many challenges including economic, political, and social barriers.
353:
A graph of the cases of brucellosis in humans in the United States from the years 1993â2010 surveyed by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention through the National Notifiable Diseases Surveillance
4678:
1250:
Neurobrucellosis, a neurological involvement in brucellosis, was first described in 1879. In the late 19th century, its symptoms were described in more detail by M. Louis Hughes, a Surgeon-Captain of the
604:
Radiologic alterations in infected vertebrae: the Pedro Pons sign (preferential erosion of the anterosuperior corner of lumbar vertebrae) and marked osteophytosis are suspicious of brucellic spondylitis.
934:
in 2019 after the Lanzhou Biopharmaceutical Plant, which was involved in vaccine production, accidentally pumped out the bacteria into the atmosphere in exhaust air due to use of expired disinfectant.
518:, and with occupational exposure of laboratory workers, veterinarians, and slaughterhouse workers. These infected animals may be healthy and asymptomatic. Some vaccines used in livestock, most notably
1571:
is common amongst cetacean families and populations. Only a small percentage of exposed individuals become ill or die. However, particular species apparently are more likely to become infected by
831:, has been used successfully to treat neurobrucellosis. Doxycycline plus streptomycin regimen (for 2 to 3 weeks) is more effective than doxycycline plus rifampicin regimen (for 6 weeks).
6230:
3518:
1323:
and all other remaining biological weapons in the U.S. arsenal were destroyed in 1971â72 when the American offensive biological warfare program was discontinued by order of President
4559:
2648:
1247:
in honor of Bruce, was found to contain several species with varying virulence. The name "brucellosis" gradually replaced the 19th-century names Mediterranean fever and Malta fever.
1198:
as the agent of heightened spontaneous abortion in cows, and the name "Bang's disease" was assigned to this condition. Bang considered the organism rod-shaped and classified it as a
6500:
4671:
3093:
2670:
731:
and some centres have reported persistent PCR positivity after clinically successful treatment, fuelling the controversy about the existence of prolonged chronic brucellosis.
4615:
4509:
3982:
4157:
4271:
3430:
514:
Brucellosis in humans is usually associated with consumption of unpasteurized milk and soft cheeses made from the milk of infected animalsâoften goatsâinfected with
7251:
4664:
762:
provides detailed guidance on the production of vaccines. As the disease is closer to being eliminated, a test and eradication program is required to eliminate it.
1031:
1027:
369:
occurs and leads to the classic triad of undulant fevers, sweating (often with a characteristic foul, moldy smell sometimes likened to wet hay), and migratory
6223:
2715:
1372:
neutralize a target were far higher than originally planned. Ultimately, this would have required too much logistical support to be practical in the field.
2907:
1678:
7215:
6802:
3216:
2656:
6310:
846:, surgery is required for an optimal outcome. Even with optimal antibrucellic therapy, relapses still occur in 5 to 10% of patients with Malta fever.
3926:
4630:
4625:
4166:
1126:
651:
in endemic areas. An agglutination titre greater than 1:160 is considered significant in nonendemic areas and greater than 1:320 in endemic areas.
362:
diseases, but with emphasis on muscular pain and night sweats. The duration of the disease can vary from a few weeks to many months or even years.
6320:
6216:
3068:
1717:
1173:(1831â1911) described his own case of the disease in 1861. The causal relationship between organism and disease was first established in 1887 by
3255:
854:
The mortality of the disease in 1909, as recorded in the British Army and Navy stationed in Malta, was 2%. The most frequent cause of death was
101:
avoid unpasteurized dairy foods, cook meat thoroughly, wear gloves, take safety precautions in high-risk workplaces, vaccinate domestic animals.
6595:
4620:
1786:
60:
3531:
1567:
has been identified in four of the 14 cetacean families, but the antibodies have been detected in seven of the families. This indicates that
6534:
5844:
4150:
3578:
3387:
2854:
1911:
5239:
7286:
6713:
6275:
5494:
4215:
1014:
was declared free of brucellosis on 1 July 2009. The disease had troubled the country's farmers and veterinarians for several decades. The
756:
3939:
7163:
6508:
710:
by SAT due to lack of cross-reaction is another drawback. False-negative SAT may be caused by the presence of blocking antibodies (the
7246:
6695:
4920:
3650:
3132:
7121:
6859:
6718:
6621:
5048:
4691:
4610:
4574:
4514:
4331:
4261:
2703:
2674:
1635:) on elk feedgrounds, because they act as sustainable, no-cost, biological control agents by removing infected elk fetuses quickly.
437:
disease can give origin to focalizations or become chronic. The focalizations of brucellosis occur usually in bones and joints, and
336:
1431:
is the principal cause of brucellosis in cattle. The bacteria are shed from an infected animal at or around the time of calving or
3889:
2825:
7276:
6529:
6516:
5484:
4143:
2304:"Brucellosis awareness and knowledge in communities worldwide: A systematic review and meta-analysis of 79 observational studies"
1624:
1808:
7027:
6603:
5489:
5030:
6152:
2979:
1760:
7271:
6768:
6590:
6544:
6455:
6445:
5062:
3556:
2586:
Centers for Disease Control Prevention (CDC) (January 2008). "Laboratory-acquired brucellosis--Indiana and Minnesota, 2006".
1191:
550:
397:, and demonstrate positive Bengal rose and Huddleston reactions. Gastrointestinal symptoms occur in 70% of cases and include
274:
93:
x-rays, computerized tomography (CT) scan or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), cerebrospinal fluid culture, echocardiography.
6872:
6792:
6738:
4878:
4564:
1734:
317:
811:
bacteria. However, the use of more than one antibiotic is needed for several weeks, because the bacteria incubate within
7180:
6708:
6549:
6333:
6048:
5372:
4808:
3594:
GuzmĂĄn-Verri C, GonzĂĄlez-Barrientos R, HernĂĄndez-Mora G, Morales JA, Baquero-Calvo E, Chaves-Olarte E, Moreno E (2012).
2414:"Efficacy of gentamicin plus doxycycline versus streptomycin plus doxycycline in the treatment of brucellosis in humans"
1174:
1130:
939:
698:
289:
270:
7256:
7200:
6821:
6733:
5709:
5703:
5319:
4236:
3943:
1558:, filter-feeders, and the Odontoceti include two families of toothed cetaceans ranging from dolphins to sperm whales.
1145:
and the Mediterranean Fever Commission carried out research about brucellosis from 1904 to 1906 is located within the
7220:
7022:
5788:
4286:
4241:
3741:
3161:
1459:
1030:, said the elimination of brucellosis was "a landmark in the history of disease eradication in Ireland". Ireland's
1023:
390:
296:
6748:
4766:
2946:
263:
6524:
5509:
5344:
5313:
5243:
5024:
4640:
4554:
3680:
2723:
1376:
Agent AM was believed to be a somewhat more virulent disease, with a fatality rate of 3 per cent being expected.
727:
7261:
7017:
6723:
6690:
6400:
6315:
6266:
5984:
5766:
5504:
5499:
5383:
5172:
4991:
4914:
4906:
4656:
4050:
3949:
Capasso L (August 2002). "Bacteria in two-millennia-old cheese, and related epizoonoses in Roman populations".
1709:
1252:
937:
According to Georgios Pappas, an infectious-disease specialist and author of a report published in the journal
394:
5887:
835:
3284:
3247:
303:
7148:
6948:
6685:
6660:
6580:
6188:
6068:
6028:
5970:
5689:
5456:
4892:
4850:
1356:
827:
This regimen has the advantage of oral administration. A triple therapy of doxycycline, with rifampicin and
819:
765:
The main way of preventing brucellosis is by using fastidious hygiene in producing raw milk products, or by
686:
636:
558:
77:
1563:
becomes a greater issue when the already low population numbers of cetaceans are taken into consideration.
6728:
6680:
6670:
6665:
6554:
6239:
6004:
5922:
5881:
5877:
5758:
5752:
5519:
5229:
5164:
4958:
4864:
4836:
4770:
4397:
4296:
3756:
1146:
999:
893:
have undertaken efforts to contain the disease. As of 2022 all cattle of ages 3â8 months must receive the
769:
all milk that is to be ingested by human beings, either in its unaltered form or as a derivative, such as
668:
663:
184:
4123:
1202:. At the time no one knew that this bacillus had anything to do with the causative agent of Malta fever.
7266:
7175:
7153:
7066:
6379:
6021:
6010:
5808:
5438:
5264:
5235:
5042:
4802:
4756:
4605:
4534:
4468:
4448:
3424:
2917:
1454:
activity in the amniotic fluid. Males can also harbor the bacteria in their reproductive tracts, namely
1213:
1170:
1015:
285:
3075:
680:
3485:
2696:
Beating the Odds in a Big Country: The eradication of bovine brucellosis and tuberculosis in Australia
1501:
7210:
6879:
6868:
6495:
6485:
6285:
6182:
6142:
6095:
5977:
5628:
5586:
5566:
5523:
5379:
5178:
4858:
4645:
4372:
3978:
3761:
3108:
2453:
McLean DR, Russell N, Khan MY (October 1992). "Neurobrucellosis: clinical and therapeutic features".
1432:
1312:
1263:
in Saudi Arabia made significant contributions to the medical literature involving neurobrucellosis.
181:
1794:
7092:
7087:
6997:
6923:
6913:
6887:
6883:
6758:
6564:
6475:
6247:
6160:
6105:
5774:
5650:
5595:
5543:
5462:
5405:
5358:
5293:
5141:
5133:
5127:
4844:
4830:
4699:
4579:
4529:
4483:
4478:
4458:
4433:
4377:
4039:
3235:
2830:
2787:"The Lanzhou Brucella Leak: The Largest Laboratory Accident in the History of Infectious Diseases?"
2786:
1697:
1497:
1398:
1206:
1142:
1019:
1011:
918:
752:
615:
535:
72:
fever, chills, loss of appetite, sweats, weakness, fatigue, Joint, muscle and back pain, Headache.
1071:
Dairy herds in the U.S. are tested at least once a year to be certified brucellosis-free with the
7143:
7054:
6465:
6450:
6440:
6148:
6059:
5560:
5549:
5470:
5414:
5202:
4900:
4886:
4816:
4793:
4600:
4569:
4443:
4438:
4205:
4200:
3445:
3342:
3199:
3124:
2145:
2061:
1531:
1308:
1304:
1209:
identified unpasteurized goat milk as the major etiologic factor of undulant fever in June 1905.
1034:
intends to reduce its brucellosis eradication programme now that eradication has been confirmed.
842:
and co-trimoxazole therapy is associated with an unacceptably high rate of relapse. In brucellic
711:
628:
522:
strain 19, also cause disease in humans if accidentally injected. Brucellosis induces inconstant
406:
188:
67:
1980:"How Themistocles Zammit found Malta Fever (brucellosis) to be transmitted by the milk of goats"
1814:. Brucella Subgroup of the Northern Ireland Regional Zoonoses Group. August 2004. Archived from
1118:). No records exist of brucellosis in ungulates native to America until the early 19th century.
3921:
3807:
881:
According to a study published in 2002, an estimated 10â13% of farm animals were infected with
7281:
7168:
6848:
6559:
6133:
6099:
5963:
5895:
5658:
5636:
5605:
5056:
4822:
4473:
4357:
4311:
4090:
4061:
3966:
3830:
3774:
3703:
3627:
3574:
3552:
3493:
3467:
3383:
3350:
3334:
3292:
3239:
3049:
2850:
2806:
2699:
2630:
2595:
2568:
2519:
2470:
2435:
2394:
2376:
2335:
2284:
2243:
2194:
2137:
2096:
2053:
2017:
1999:
1955:
1932:
1907:
1863:
1701:
1418:
species have also been isolated from several marine mammal species (cetaceans and pinnipeds).
1410:
1338:
1137:
88:
55:
46:
undulant fever, undulating fever, Mediterranean fever, Malta fever, Cyprus fever, rock fever (
4014:
7205:
7126:
6940:
6908:
6124:
6039:
5830:
5677:
5664:
5479:
5096:
5078:
4985:
4944:
4872:
4742:
4595:
4417:
4392:
4387:
4382:
3958:
3822:
3766:
3695:
3617:
3607:
3457:
3412:
3358:
3326:
3116:
3039:
3031:
2798:
2622:
2558:
2550:
2509:
2501:
2462:
2425:
2384:
2366:
2325:
2315:
2274:
2233:
2225:
2184:
2176:
2127:
2088:
2045:
2007:
1991:
1899:
1853:
1845:
1489:
1427:
1386:
1299:
species had been weaponized by several advanced countries by the mid-20th century. In 1954,
1195:
674:
469:
442:
223:
is the most virulent and invasive species; it usually infects goats and occasionally sheep.
4135:
7099:
6987:
6811:
6743:
6650:
6470:
6349:
6074:
5995:
5949:
5854:
5794:
5729:
5671:
5640:
5632:
5335:
5305:
5299:
5182:
5011:
4762:
4493:
4246:
3658:
2912:
2163:
Mantur B, Parande A, Amarnath S, Patil G, Walvekar R, Desai A, et al. (August 2010).
1455:
1359:(USAF) wanted a biological warfare capability, the Chemical Corps offered Agent US in the
692:
129:
1330:
The experimental American bacteriological warfare program focused on three agents of the
1091:
The first stateâfederal cooperative efforts towards eradication of brucellosis caused by
310:
3897:
3847:
3549:
Veterinary Medicine, A textbook of the Diseases of Cattle, Sheep, Pigs, Goats and Horses
3186:
3120:
3112:
2389:
2354:
1587:
The disease in its various strains can infect multiple wildlife species, including elk (
7225:
7104:
7007:
6837:
6703:
6645:
6630:
6490:
6421:
6174:
5824:
5818:
5681:
5577:
5534:
5429:
4950:
4717:
4687:
4291:
3622:
3595:
3462:
3044:
3019:
2563:
2538:
2514:
2489:
2330:
2303:
2238:
2213:
2189:
2164:
2012:
1979:
1858:
1833:
1484:
1392:
1231:
1162:
951:
828:
812:
797:
766:
703:
655:
481:
145:
3416:
3363:
3314:
2626:
2092:
1098:
Brucellosis was originally imported to North America with non-native domestic cattle (
1075:
milk ring test. Cows confirmed to be infected are often killed. In the United States,
239:. Brucellosis has been recognized in animals and humans since the early 20th century.
7240:
7185:
7002:
6898:
6854:
6539:
6338:
6296:
6170:
6086:
5913:
5868:
5609:
5601:
5444:
5211:
5122:
4782:
4748:
4723:
4708:
4463:
4453:
3280:
2760:
1880:
Park. K., Parkâs textbook of preventive and social medicine, 23 editions. Page 290-91
1815:
1657:
1555:
1526:
1404:
1324:
1235:
1218:
839:
739:
734:
Other laboratory findings include normal peripheral white cell count, and occasional
438:
426:
177:
173:
121:
4044:
3806:
Cross PC, Maichak EJ, Brennan A, Scurlock BM, Henningsen J, Luikart G (April 2013).
2065:
7190:
7116:
7012:
6784:
6675:
6655:
6460:
6374:
6166:
5940:
5419:
5147:
5087:
5034:
5019:
4964:
4544:
4539:
4524:
4519:
4412:
4367:
4362:
4352:
4336:
4256:
2983:
2505:
2412:
Hasanjani Roushan MR, Mohraz M, Hajiahmadi M, Ramzani A, Valayati AA (April 2006).
2371:
2149:
1360:
1352:
1260:
1188:
1076:
855:
843:
800:
789:
485:
446:
430:
418:
410:
386:
151:
from infected animals, or close contact with their secretions. It is also known as
4101:
2744:
China reports outbreak of brucellosis disease 'way larger' than originally thought
2049:
1903:
581:
496:
4055:
2875:
2320:
7195:
6903:
6797:
6763:
6585:
6395:
6365:
5740:
5695:
5646:
5350:
4488:
4301:
4281:
4276:
4251:
4085:
3181:
1615:
1227:
1166:
1080:
1052:
859:
823:
554:
465:
252:
228:
109:
2180:
2079:
Franco MP, Mulder M, Gilman RH, Smits HL (December 2007). "Human brucellosis".
1995:
1947:
1891:
1450:, which can promote infections in the fetus and placenta, and the lack of anti-
349:
7083:
7078:
6406:
6356:
6329:
5114:
4549:
4316:
4107:
4066:
3175:
3094:"On the Origin of Brucellosis in Bison of Yellowstone National Park: A Review"
2263:"An eternal microbe: Brucella DNA load persists for years after clinical cure"
1551:
1467:
1447:
1234:
standard and greatly tightening the standards of cleanliness in milkhouses on
804:
793:
785:
735:
624:
573:
562:
473:
378:
370:
366:
232:
125:
116:
17:
3612:
3497:
3354:
3338:
3330:
3243:
2466:
2380:
2003:
1705:
488:, and various neurological disorders collectively known as neurobrucellosis.
7073:
6918:
6842:
6788:
6256:
5928:
5780:
5448:
5389:
5270:
4407:
4402:
4220:
4210:
4096:
4029:
3808:"An ecological perspective on Brucella abortus in the western United States"
3296:
2488:
Yousefi-Nooraie R, Mortaz-Hejri S, Mehrani M, Sadeghipour P (October 2012).
2229:
1547:
905:
500:
461:
422:
3970:
3962:
3834:
3826:
3778:
3770:
3707:
3699:
3631:
3471:
3053:
3020:"The brucella ring test; its potential value in the control of brucellosis"
2810:
2634:
2599:
2572:
2554:
2523:
2439:
2398:
2339:
2288:
2247:
2198:
2141:
2100:
2057:
2021:
1959:
1867:
726:
antibodies, is an increasingly used adjunctive test when resources permit.
4112:
3035:
2962:
2802:
2474:
1133:(centre), with members of the Mediterranean Fever Commission (Brucellosis)
7158:
7109:
6972:
6967:
6816:
6305:
6280:
6208:
5364:
4321:
4266:
4185:
4118:
3527:
1509:
1463:
1440:
1243:
1222:
1199:
1150:
1084:
648:
640:
632:
531:
504:
450:
414:
402:
168:
141:
3782:
3346:
2353:
MoriyĂłn I, Blasco JM, Letesson JJ, De Massis F, Moreno E (August 2023).
2261:
Vrioni G, Pappas G, Priavali E, Gartzonika C, Levidiotou S (June 2008).
1849:
561:
to humans and lack of knowledge on specific safe farm practices such as
227:
is of intermediate virulence and chiefly infects pigs. Symptoms include
7138:
7049:
6977:
6893:
6480:
5955:
5901:
5255:
5220:
4195:
4180:
3444:
Al-Sous MW, Bohlega S, Al-Kawi MZ, Alwatban J, McLean DR (March 2004).
3128:
2902:
2900:
2898:
2896:
1632:
1513:
1505:
1504:. Symptoms of brucellosis in dogs include abortion in female dogs and
1364:
1241:
In the decades after Evans's work, this genus, which received the name
1185:
931:
477:
374:
277: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
236:
3997:
3711:
2132:
2115:
7133:
4733:
4326:
4024:
4009:
2982:. Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry of New Zealand. Archived from
2673:. State of Queensland (Queensland Health). 2010-11-24. Archived from
2539:"Laboratory exposures to brucellae and implications for bioterrorism"
2165:"ELISA versus conventional methods of diagnosing endemic brucellosis"
1628:
1493:
1178:
890:
770:
527:
398:
382:
3547:
Radostits, O.M., C.C. Gay, D.C. Blood, and K.W. Hinchcliff. (2000).
3007:. United States Department of Agriculture. October 2003. p. 14.
2879:
2826:"China's struggles with lab safety carry danger of another pandemic"
3864:
2430:
2413:
2279:
2262:
2214:"Review of detection of Brucella spp. by polymerase chain reaction"
1363:, based on the four-pound bursting bomblet developed for spreading
838:, but requires the addition of two other drugs to prevent relapse.
751:
vaccination is often used to reduce the incidence of infection. An
557:
with specific areas of concern including weak awareness of disease
6992:
4306:
3740:
Godfroid J, Garin-Bastuji B, Saegerman C, Blasco JM (April 2013).
3231:
1693:
1500:. Brucellosis in the intervertebral disc is one possible cause of
1266:
These obsolete names have previously been applied to brucellosis:
1154:
1103:
885:
species. Annual losses from the disease were calculated at around
714:) in the α2-globulin (IgA) and in the α-globulin (IgG) fractions.
644:
523:
495:
359:
348:
1439:
are high incidences of abortions, arthritic joints, and retained
377:(joint and muscle pain). Blood tests characteristically reveal a
7061:
6982:
4976:
4935:
3735:
3733:
3731:
1898:, Jaypee Brothers Medical Publishers (P) Ltd, pp. 434â449,
1832:
Di Pierdomenico A, Borgia SM, Richardson D, Baqi M (July 2011).
922:
qualified for export to countries other than the United States.
601:
Histologic evidence of granulomatous hepatitis on hepatic biopsy
148:
6212:
4660:
4139:
3520:
USAMRIID's Medical Management of Biological Casualties Handbook
1809:"Diagnosis and Management of Acute Brucellosis in Primary Care"
886:
717:
Dipstick assays are new and promising, based on the binding of
191:, which usually persists for life. Four species infect humans:
2870:
2868:
2866:
1479:
1177:. Bruce considered the agent spherical and classified it as a
1111:
959:
infections in animals in Europe during the first half of 2006
760:
Manual of Diagnostic Test and Vaccines for Terrestrial Animals
246:
3934:
3645:
3643:
3641:
2355:"Brucellosis and One Health: Inherited and Future Challenges"
2116:"Implications of laboratory diagnosis on brucellosis therapy"
1259:
organisms from a patient with meningo-encephalitis. In 1989,
1896:
Mahajan and Gupta Textbook of Preventive and Social Medicine
1679:"How did Sir David Bruce forget Zammit and his goats ?"
1512:
in males. Fever is uncommon. Infection of the eye can cause
1446:
The two main causes for spontaneous abortion in animals are
3975:â re high rate of brucellosis in humans in ancient Pompeii
3848:
CDC - Hunters Risks - Animals That Can Put Hunters at Risk
2613:
Samartino LE (December 2002). "Brucellosis in Argentina".
643:(Coombs') and indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (
577:
Brucella Coombs Gel Test. Seropositivity detected to GN177
3859:
3857:
3855:
3446:"Neurobrucellosis: clinical and neuroimaging correlation"
3024:
American Journal of Public Health and the Nation's Health
3930:
2963:
Guidance Brucellosis: how to spot and report the disease
1639:
density and increase dispersion could limit its spread.
1546:
is commonly detected in two suborders of cetaceans, the
3657:. U.S. Fish &Wildlife Service. 2016. Archived from
3217:"The Strange Case of Temi Zammit's missing experiments"
1627:
has recently begun to protect scavengers (particularly
358:
The symptoms are like those associated with many other
3156:
Wilkinson L (1993). "Brucellosis". In Kiple KF (ed.).
742:. The serum biochemical profiles are commonly normal.
2169:
The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene
3987:
3551:. Harcourt Publishers Limited, London, pp. 867â882.
1524:
Brucellosis in cetaceans is caused by the bacterium
1319:
species survive well in aerosols and resist drying.
639:), rose Bengal, 2-mercaptoethanol (2-ME), antihuman
635:
can be detected by the standard agglutination test (
538:, and muscular and bodily pain. The other strains,
7040:
6960:
6939:
6830:
6777:
6638:
6629:
6620:
6573:
6429:
6420:
6388:
6363:
6347:
6294:
6264:
6255:
6246:
6132:
6123:
6085:
6058:
6038:
5994:
5939:
5912:
5867:
5841:
5805:
5737:
5728:
5620:
5585:
5576:
5533:
5428:
5413:
5404:
5334:
5281:
5254:
5219:
5210:
5201:
5113:
5086:
5077:
5010:
4975:
4934:
4792:
4781:
4732:
4716:
4707:
4698:
4588:
4502:
4426:
4345:
4229:
4173:
4076:
3991:
1351:Agent US was in advanced development by the end of
755:is available that uses modified live bacteria. The
549:Overall findings support that brucellosis poses an
115:
105:
97:
87:
76:
66:
54:
42:
37:
3983:European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control
3528:U.S. Army Medical Institute of Infectious Diseases
2761:"ć
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ŹçœČ_æŸæčæ°é»-The Paper"
1990:(10). The Royal Society of Medicine Press: 451â4.
1165:medical officers in the 1850s in Malta during the
1022:, which verified that Ireland had been liberated.
546:, cause infection in pigs and dogs, respectively.
3896:. World Health Organization. 2016. Archived from
2849:. Malta: Publishers Enterprises group (PEG) Ltd.
2722:. Canadian Food Inspection Agency. Archived from
2302:Zhang N, Zhou H, Huang DS, Guan P (May 2, 2023).
1623:on how to manage diseased wildlife. However, the
1083:all young stock, to further reduce the chance of
3600:Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology
3275:
3273:
3271:
3269:
3267:
3265:
3263:
818:The gold standard treatment for adults is daily
702:), the appearance of cross-reactions of class M
1954:, Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing,
1059:). The country is free of all other species of
1032:Department of Agriculture, Food and the Marine
998:Until the early 20th century, the disease was
822:of streptomycin 1 g for 14 days and oral
460:infection are highly variable and may include
6224:
4672:
4151:
3933:, a Bioinformatics Resource Center funded by
3308:
3306:
1729:
1727:
1725:
1530:. First discovered in the aborted fetus of a
1221:). The Bang bacillus was already known to be
1028:Minister for Agriculture, Food and the Marine
409:, unintentional weight loss, abdominal pain,
8:
3596:"Brucella ceti and brucellosis in cetaceans"
3429:: CS1 maint: DOI inactive as of July 2024 (
3325:(7460). BMJ Publishing Group Ltd.: 272â278.
3158:The Cambridge World History of Human Disease
2490:"Antibiotics for treating human brucellosis"
2588:MMWR. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report
2494:The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
1212:In the late 1910s, American bacteriologist
1161:Brucellosis first came to the attention of
930:An outbreak infecting humans took place in
507:in the liver of a guinea pig infected with
176:, nonmotile, nonspore-forming, rod-shaped (
7216:Recurrent toxin-mediated perineal erythema
6635:
6626:
6502:Mycobacterium aviumâintracellulare complex
6426:
6261:
6252:
6231:
6217:
6209:
6129:
5734:
5582:
5425:
5410:
5216:
5207:
5083:
4789:
4729:
4713:
4704:
4679:
4665:
4657:
4158:
4144:
4136:
3988:
2980:"MAF Biosecurity New Zealand: Brucellosis"
34:
6311:Cutaneous group B streptococcal infection
3760:
3621:
3611:
3461:
3362:
3043:
2562:
2513:
2429:
2388:
2370:
2329:
2319:
2278:
2237:
2188:
2131:
2011:
1857:
1618:area are the last remaining reservoir of
1554:. The Mysticeti include four families of
1384:Species infecting domestic livestock are
1102:), which transmitted the disease to wild
337:Learn how and when to remove this message
4167:United States biological weapons program
3571:Textbook of Veterinary Internal Medicine
3526:(6th ed.). Fort Detrick, Maryland:
3450:AJNR. American Journal of Neuroradiology
3069:"How important is calfhood vaccination?"
1984:Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine
1136:
1125:
950:
589:The diagnosis of brucellosis relies on:
580:
572:
449:is very characteristic of this disease.
3573:(4th ed.). W.B. Saunders Company.
3005:Brucellosis Eradication APHIS 91â45â013
2947:Monitoring brucellosis in Great Britain
2824:Warwick J, Willman D (April 12, 2023).
2120:Expert Review of Anti-Infective Therapy
1669:
7252:Bacterium-related cutaneous conditions
3422:
3092:Meagher M, Meyer ME (September 1994).
2942:
2940:
2938:
2908:"Ireland declared free of brucellosis"
1933:"Brucellosis: Resources: Surveillance"
1478:The causative agent of brucellosis in
1169:, and was referred to as Malta Fever.
215:and is primarily a disease of cattle.
6535:Rapid growing mycobacterium infection
5845:Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans
3742:"Brucellosis in terrestrial wildlife"
1946:Hayoun MA, Muco E, Shorman M (2023),
1834:"Brucellosis in a returned traveller"
1579:has a low infection rate for humans.
706:may occur. The inability to diagnose
7:
6714:Human granulocytotropic anaplasmosis
6276:Staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome
5230:Neisseria meningitidis/meningococcus
3018:Hamilton AV, Hardy AV (March 1950).
2537:Yagupsky P, Baron EJ (August 2005).
2114:Al Dahouk S, Nöckler K (July 2011).
1205:Maltese scientist and archaeologist
757:World Organisation for Animal Health
275:adding citations to reliable sources
7164:Chronic undermining burrowing ulcer
3929:genomes and related information at
3403:Malhotra R (2004). "Saudi Arabia".
3121:10.1046/j.1523-1739.1994.08030645.x
1492:, but can also spread to the eyes,
526:, miscarriage, sweating, weakness,
445:of the lumbar spine accompanied by
365:In the first stage of the disease,
166:The bacteria causing this disease,
4692:Gram-negative bacterial infections
4616:Korean War bio-warfare allegations
3871:. Center for Disease Control. 2016
1614:Wild bison and elk in the greater
25:
7122:Superficial pustular folliculitis
6719:Human monocytotropic ehrlichiosis
5049:Human monocytotropic ehrlichiosis
4611:Soviet biological weapons program
4575:Plum Island Animal Disease Center
4510:U.S. Army Biological Warfare Labs
3417:10.1111/j.1474-7766.2004.03-225.x
3382:. Elsevier Science. p. 160.
2847:Brucellosis, The Malta Experience
970: not reported in this period
834:Doxycycline is able to cross the
647:). SAT is the most commonly used
6530:Primary inoculation tuberculosis
5265:Neisseria gonorrhoeae/gonococcus
5240:WaterhouseâFriderichsen syndrome
3569:Ettinger SJ, Feldman EC (1995).
2720:Accredited Veterinarian's Manual
2671:"Queensland Health: Brucellosis"
2659:from the original on 2016-02-16.
2308:PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases
2212:Yu WL, Nielsen K (August 2010).
1625:Wyoming Game and Fish Department
1255:stationed in Malta who isolated
1018:submitted an application to the
976: confirmed clinical disease
251:
7028:Gram-negative toe web infection
6604:Group JK corynebacterium sepsis
5031:Human granulocytic anaplasmosis
4631:U.S. biological defense program
4626:U.S. biological weapons program
3815:Revue Scientifique et Technique
3749:Revue Scientifique et Technique
3688:Revue Scientifique et Technique
2081:The Lancet. Infectious Diseases
654:Due to the similarity of the O
379:low number of white blood cells
262:needs additional citations for
6769:Ehrlichiosis ewingii infection
6591:Cutaneous diphtheria infection
6545:Tuberculosis cutis orificialis
6456:Borderline tuberculoid leprosy
6446:Borderline lepromatous leprosy
5063:Ehrlichiosis ewingii infection
2506:10.1002/14651858.cd007179.pub2
2372:10.3390/microorganisms11082070
1347:Caprine brucellosis (agent AM)
1230:. The changes included making
1:
6793:Primary gonococcal dermatitis
6739:Flinders Island spotted fever
4879:Flinders Island spotted fever
4565:One-Million-Liter Test Sphere
3922:WHO fact sheet on brucellosis
3291:. New York: Harcourt, Brace.
3182:Major-General Sir David Bruce
2876:"Ireland free of brucellosis"
2785:Pappas G (15 November 2022).
2653:SENASA - Argentine Government
2627:10.1016/s0378-1135(02)00247-x
2093:10.1016/S1473-3099(07)70286-4
2050:10.1080/1059924X.2018.1538916
1344:Bovine brucellosis (agent AA)
1217:bacillus but rather were one
889:60 million. Since 1932,
623:. Identification of specific
180:) bacteria. They function as
7181:Blistering distal dactylitis
6709:Rocky Mountain spotted fever
6597:Arcanobacterium haemolyticum
6550:Tuberculosis verrucosa cutis
6334:Chronic recurrent erysipelas
6049:Stenotrophomonas maltophilia
5373:Burkholderia cepacia complex
4809:Rocky Mountain spotted fever
3940:Prevention about Brucellosis
3530:. p. 53. Archived from
3285:"Ch. 5 Evans: death in milk"
2969:, accessed 18 September 2020
2953:, accessed 18 September 2020
2916:. 2009-07-01. Archived from
2791:Clinical Infectious Diseases
2750:, accessed 18 September 2020
2543:Emerging Infectious Diseases
2455:Clinical Infectious Diseases
2418:Clinical Infectious Diseases
2321:10.1371/journal.pntd.0007366
2267:Clinical Infectious Diseases
1791:American Heritage Dictionary
1307:by the United States at its
940:Clinical Infectious Diseases
722:the detection of total anti-
699:Stenotrophomonas maltophilia
7287:Zoonotic bacterial diseases
7201:Blastomycosis-like pyoderma
6822:Chromobacteriosis infection
6734:Mediterranean spotted fever
5710:Far East scarlet-like fever
5704:Yersinia pseudotuberculosis
5320:Chromobacteriosis infection
4560:Horn Island Testing Station
3944:Centers for Disease Control
3315:"Give A Disease A Bad Name"
1095:in the U.S. began in 1934.
7303:
7221:Tick-borne lymphadenopathy
7023:Gram-negative folliculitis
3865:"CDC â Home â Brucellosis"
3679:Godfroid J (August 2002).
3224:Journal of Maltese History
3162:Cambridge University Press
2181:10.4269/ajtmh.2010.09-0790
1996:10.1177/014107680509801009
1892:"Chapter-23 Biostatistics"
1686:Journal of Maltese History
1390:(cattle, bison, and elk),
917:On 19 September 1985, the
391:aspartate aminotransferase
7247:Animal bacterial diseases
6525:Papulonecrotic tuberculid
6510:Mycobacterium haemophilum
5510:Hemolytic-uremic syndrome
5345:Burkholderia pseudomallei
5314:Chromobacterium violaceum
5244:Meningococcal septicaemia
5025:Anaplasma phagocytophilum
4641:War Bureau of Consultants
4555:Granite Peak Installation
3681:"Brucellosis in wildlife"
3313:Wyatt HV (31 July 2004).
3234:: Department of History,
3201:Dr. Alice C. Evans Memoir
1978:Wyatt HV (October 2005).
1904:10.5005/jp/books/12262_23
1696:: Department of History,
982: confirmed infection
955:Disease incidence map of
662:to that of various other
385:, show some elevation of
7018:Lymphogranuloma venereum
6724:Flea-borne spotted fever
6697:Rickettsia aeschlimannii
6691:American tick bite fever
6401:Erysipeloid of Rosenbach
6316:Streptococcal intertrigo
5985:Plesiomonas shigelloides
5767:Brazilian purpuric fever
5384:Bordetella parapertussis
5173:Bartonella bacilliformis
4992:Flea-borne spotted fever
4922:Rickettsia aeschlimannii
4915:Rickettsia aeschlimannii
4907:American tick bite fever
3951:The Journal of Infection
3890:"Zoonoses â Brucellosis"
3613:10.3389/fcimb.2012.00003
3331:10.1136/bmj.329.7460.272
3067:Vermont Beef Producers.
2218:Croatian Medical Journal
1253:Royal Army Medical Corps
820:intramuscular injections
395:alanine aminotransferase
27:Human and animal disease
7277:Sheep and goat diseases
7149:Trichomycosis axillaris
6686:African tick bite fever
6661:North Asian tick typhus
6581:Cutaneous actinomycosis
6153:GuillainâBarrĂ© syndrome
6069:Cardiobacterium hominis
6029:Acinetobacter baumannii
5971:Vibrio parahaemolyticus
5690:Yersinia enterocolitica
5457:Klebsiella granulomatis
4893:African tick bite fever
4851:North Asian tick typhus
3517:Woods JB (April 2005).
3319:British Medical Journal
2951:veterinary-practice.com
2615:Veterinary Microbiology
2230:10.3325/cmj.2010.51.306
2038:Journal of Agromedicine
1599:), European wild boar (
1357:United States Air Force
1303:became the first agent
687:Yersinia enterocolitica
585:Rose Bengal Plate Test.
453:is also common in men.
185:intracellular parasites
144:caused by ingestion of
6861:Haemophilus influenzae
6805:Pasteurella hemolytica
6729:Japanese spotted fever
6681:Bacillary angiomatosis
6671:Flying squirrel typhus
6666:Queensland tick typhus
6555:Tuberculous cellulitis
6518:Mycobacterium kansasii
6240:Bacterial skin disease
6005:Pseudomonas aeruginosa
5923:Francisella tularensis
5882:Legionella longbeachae
5878:Legionella pneumophila
5520:Enterobacter aerogenes
5165:Bacillary angiomatosis
4959:Orientia tsutsugamushi
4865:Queensland tick typhus
4837:Japanese spotted fever
4771:Flying squirrel typhus
4427:Operations and testing
4398:Flettner rotor bomblet
3963:10.1053/jinf.2002.0996
3827:10.20506/rst.32.1.2184
3771:10.20506/rst.32.1.2180
3700:10.20506/rst.21.2.1333
3486:"Medicine: Goat Fever"
3419:(inactive 2024-07-10).
2694:Lehane, Robert (1996)
2555:10.3201/eid1108.041197
2467:10.1093/clind/15.4.582
1158:
1134:
990:
807:are effective against
669:Francisella tularensis
664:Gram-negative bacteria
586:
578:
511:
355:
211:is less virulent than
48:Micrococcus melitensis
7272:Occupational diseases
7176:Elephantiasis nostras
7154:Necrotizing fasciitis
7067:Hospital furunculosis
6749:BrillâZinsser disease
6380:Dermatitis gangrenosa
6022:Moraxella catarrhalis
5888:Legionnaires' disease
5809:Pasteurella multocida
5439:Klebsiella pneumoniae
5236:Meningococcal disease
5043:Ehrlichia chaffeensis
4803:Rickettsia rickettsii
4767:BrillâZinsser disease
4757:Rickettsia prowazekii
4606:Entomological warfare
4535:Dugway Proving Ground
4469:Operation Magic Sword
4449:Operation Dark Winter
3036:10.2105/AJPH.40.3.321
2716:"Reportable Diseases"
1171:Jeffery Allen Marston
1141:The lab in which Sir
1140:
1129:
1055:is limited to sheep (
954:
858:. Recent advances in
584:
576:
499:
352:
7211:Chronic lymphangitis
6880:Hot tub folliculitis
6869:Pseudomonal pyoderma
6496:Miliary tuberculosis
6486:Lichen scrofulosorum
6286:Toxic shock syndrome
6183:Helicobacter cinaedi
6143:Campylobacter jejuni
6096:Aeromonas hydrophila
5978:Vibrio alginolyticus
5629:Shigella dysenteriae
5567:Citrobacter freundii
5524:Enterobacter cloacae
5380:Bordetella pertussis
4859:Rickettsia australis
4646:War Research Service
4636:U.S. bio-weapons ban
4373:E48 particulate bomb
3101:Conservation Biology
2698:, CSIRO Publishing,
1595:), African buffalo (
1583:Terrestrial wildlife
1498:intervertebral discs
1414:(caribou and pigs).
1313:Pine Bluff, Arkansas
988: no information
964: never reported
456:The consequences of
271:improve this article
7100:Acute lymphadenitis
7093:Perianal cellulitis
7088:Pyogenic paronychia
6998:Chlamydia infection
6914:Granuloma inguinale
6888:Green nail syndrome
6884:Ecthyma gangrenosum
6759:Cat-scratch disease
6565:Tuberculoid leprosy
6476:Lepromatous leprosy
6323:Streptococcus iniae
6161:Helicobacter pylori
5651:Bacillary dysentery
5596:Salmonella enterica
5544:Serratia marcescens
5463:Granuloma inguinale
5359:Burkholderia mallei
5294:Eikenella corrodens
5142:Bartonella quintana
5134:Cat-scratch disease
5128:Bartonella henselae
4845:Rickettsia sibirica
4831:Rickettsia japonica
4580:Vigo Ordnance Plant
4530:Deseret Test Center
4484:Operation Whitecoat
4479:Operation Polka Dot
4459:Operation Drop Kick
4434:Operation Sea-Spray
3405:Practical Neurology
3378:Madkour MM (2014).
3236:University of Malta
3113:1994ConBi...8..645M
2831:The Washington Post
2803:10.1093/cid/ciac463
2649:"Brucelosis Bovina"
1850:10.1503/cmaj.091752
1698:University of Malta
1534:, the structure of
1402:(goats and sheep),
1339:Porcine brucellosis
1207:Themistocles Zammit
1143:Themistocles Zammit
1020:European Commission
1007:Republic of Ireland
919:Canadian government
897:strain 19 vaccine.
891:government agencies
836:bloodâbrain barrier
161:Mediterranean fever
7257:Biological weapons
7144:Pitted keratolysis
7055:Periapical abscess
6466:Erythema induratum
6451:Borderline leprosy
6441:Aquarium granuloma
6149:Campylobacteriosis
6060:Cardiobacteriaceae
5561:Citrobacter koseri
5471:Klebsiella oxytoca
4901:Rickettsia parkeri
4887:Rickettsia africae
4817:Rickettsia conorii
4601:Biological warfare
4570:Pine Bluff Arsenal
4444:Operation Big Itch
4439:Operation Big Buzz
4201:Enterotoxin type B
4077:External resources
2746:18 September 2020
1935:. CDC. 2018-10-09.
1643:Effects on hunters
1532:bottlenose dolphin
1309:Pine Bluff Arsenal
1292:Biological warfare
1159:
1135:
991:
712:prozone phenomenon
629:lipopolysaccharide
627:against bacterial
587:
579:
512:
431:an enlarged spleen
423:liver inflammation
407:decreased appetite
356:
243:Signs and symptoms
61:Infectious disease
7234:
7233:
7169:Fournier gangrene
7036:
7035:
6935:
6934:
6876:hot-foot syndrome
6849:Vibrio vulnificus
6616:
6615:
6612:
6611:
6560:Tuberculous gumma
6416:
6415:
6206:
6205:
6202:
6201:
6134:Campylobacterales
6119:
6118:
6100:Aeromonas veronii
5964:Vibrio vulnificus
5896:Coxiella burnetii
5863:
5862:
5789:H. parainfluenzae
5724:
5723:
5720:
5719:
5659:Proteus mirabilis
5606:Paratyphoid fever
5495:Enterohemorrhagic
5415:Enterobacteriales
5400:
5399:
5330:
5329:
5197:
5196:
5193:
5192:
5179:Carrion's disease
5073:
5072:
5057:Ehrlichia ewingii
5006:
5005:
5002:
5001:
4823:Boutonneuse fever
4654:
4653:
4474:Operation May Day
4358:E133 cluster bomb
4230:Researched agents
4174:Weaponized agents
4133:
4132:
3981:, factsheet from
3580:978-0-7216-4679-4
3389:978-1-4831-9359-5
3289:Men Against Death
3215:Wyatt HV (2015).
2949:3 September 2020
2856:978-99909-0-425-3
2845:Naudi JR (2005).
2834:. Washington D.C.
2797:(10): 1845â1847.
2133:10.1586/eri.11.55
1913:978-93-5090-187-8
1677:Wyatt HV (2014).
1605:Rangifer tarandus
1589:Cervus canadensis
1542:in land animals.
1508:inflammation and
1116:Cervus canadensis
1079:are required to
1026:, Ireland's then
681:Salmonella urbana
551:occupational risk
419:an enlarged liver
347:
346:
339:
321:
135:
134:
89:Diagnostic method
32:Medical condition
16:(Redirected from
7294:
7206:Bullous impetigo
7127:Sycosis vulgaris
6941:Campylobacterota
6890:
6636:
6627:
6427:
6262:
6253:
6233:
6226:
6219:
6210:
6130:
6040:Xanthomonadaceae
5848:
5831:Actinobacillosis
5812:
5745:
5735:
5665:Proteus vulgaris
5583:
5480:Escherichia coli
5426:
5411:
5286:
5217:
5208:
5097:Brucella abortus
5084:
5079:Hyphomicrobiales
4986:Rickettsia felis
4945:Rickettsia akari
4873:Rickettsia honei
4790:
4743:Rickettsia typhi
4730:
4714:
4705:
4681:
4674:
4667:
4658:
4596:Biological agent
4418:M33 cluster bomb
4393:E96 cluster bomb
4388:E86 cluster bomb
4383:E77 balloon bomb
4160:
4153:
4146:
4137:
3989:
3974:
3909:
3908:
3906:
3905:
3900:on March 9, 2005
3886:
3880:
3879:
3877:
3876:
3861:
3850:
3845:
3839:
3838:
3812:
3803:
3797:
3796:
3794:
3793:
3787:
3781:. Archived from
3764:
3762:10.1.1.1020.9652
3746:
3737:
3726:
3725:
3723:
3722:
3716:
3710:. Archived from
3685:
3676:
3670:
3669:
3667:
3666:
3647:
3636:
3635:
3625:
3615:
3591:
3585:
3584:
3566:
3560:
3545:
3539:
3538:
3536:
3525:
3514:
3508:
3507:
3505:
3504:
3482:
3476:
3475:
3465:
3441:
3435:
3434:
3428:
3420:
3400:
3394:
3393:
3375:
3369:
3368:
3366:
3310:
3301:
3300:
3277:
3258:
3254:
3252:
3246:. Archived from
3221:
3212:
3206:
3205:
3198:Evans A (1963).
3195:
3189:
3172:
3166:
3165:
3153:
3147:
3146:
3144:
3143:
3137:
3131:. Archived from
3098:
3089:
3083:
3082:
3080:
3074:. Archived from
3073:
3064:
3058:
3057:
3047:
3015:
3009:
3008:
3001:
2995:
2994:
2992:
2991:
2976:
2970:
2965:18 October 2018
2960:
2954:
2944:
2933:
2932:
2926:
2925:
2904:
2891:
2890:
2888:
2887:
2872:
2861:
2860:
2842:
2836:
2835:
2821:
2815:
2814:
2782:
2776:
2775:
2773:
2771:
2757:
2751:
2741:
2735:
2734:
2732:
2731:
2712:
2706:
2692:
2686:
2685:
2683:
2682:
2667:
2661:
2660:
2645:
2639:
2638:
2610:
2604:
2603:
2583:
2577:
2576:
2566:
2534:
2528:
2527:
2517:
2500:(10): CD007179.
2485:
2479:
2478:
2450:
2444:
2443:
2433:
2409:
2403:
2402:
2392:
2374:
2350:
2344:
2343:
2333:
2323:
2299:
2293:
2292:
2282:
2258:
2252:
2251:
2241:
2209:
2203:
2202:
2192:
2160:
2154:
2153:
2135:
2111:
2105:
2104:
2076:
2070:
2069:
2032:
2026:
2025:
2015:
1975:
1969:
1968:
1967:
1966:
1943:
1937:
1936:
1929:
1923:
1922:
1921:
1920:
1887:
1881:
1878:
1872:
1871:
1861:
1829:
1823:
1822:
1820:
1813:
1805:
1799:
1798:
1793:. Archived from
1783:
1777:
1776:
1774:
1772:
1757:
1751:
1750:
1748:
1746:
1731:
1720:
1716:
1714:
1708:. Archived from
1683:
1674:
1520:Aquatic wildlife
1502:discospondylitis
1490:lymphatic system
1456:seminal vesicles
1286:Neapolitan fever
1016:Irish government
987:
981:
975:
969:
963:
895:Brucella abortus
675:Escherichia coli
470:thrombocytopenia
443:spondylodiscitis
342:
335:
331:
328:
322:
320:
279:
255:
247:
229:profuse sweating
35:
21:
7302:
7301:
7297:
7296:
7295:
7293:
7292:
7291:
7262:Bovine diseases
7237:
7236:
7235:
7230:
7042:
7032:
6956:
6931:
6867:
6826:
6812:Meningococcemia
6773:
6744:Verruga peruana
6651:Epidemic typhus
6608:
6569:
6471:Histoid leprosy
6432:
6412:
6384:
6359:
6350:Corynebacterium
6343:
6290:
6242:
6237:
6207:
6198:
6115:
6081:
6054:
6034:
5996:Pseudomonadales
5990:
5950:Vibrio cholerae
5935:
5908:
5859:
5842:
5837:
5806:
5801:
5738:
5716:
5672:Yersinia pestis
5616:
5572:
5529:
5485:Enterotoxigenic
5417:
5396:
5336:Burkholderiales
5326:
5300:Kingella kingae
5282:
5277:
5250:
5189:
5183:Verruga peruana
5109:
5069:
5012:Anaplasmataceae
4998:
4971:
4930:
4784:
4777:
4763:Epidemic typhus
4721:
4694:
4685:
4655:
4650:
4584:
4498:
4494:Project Bacchus
4422:
4341:
4225:
4221:Wheat stem rust
4169:
4164:
4134:
4129:
4128:
4072:
4071:
4000:
3948:
3918:
3916:Further reading
3913:
3912:
3903:
3901:
3894:www.who.int/en/
3888:
3887:
3883:
3874:
3872:
3863:
3862:
3853:
3846:
3842:
3810:
3805:
3804:
3800:
3791:
3789:
3785:
3744:
3739:
3738:
3729:
3720:
3718:
3714:
3683:
3678:
3677:
3673:
3664:
3662:
3649:
3648:
3639:
3593:
3592:
3588:
3581:
3568:
3567:
3563:
3546:
3542:
3534:
3523:
3516:
3515:
3511:
3502:
3500:
3484:
3483:
3479:
3443:
3442:
3438:
3421:
3402:
3401:
3397:
3390:
3377:
3376:
3372:
3312:
3311:
3304:
3279:
3278:
3261:
3256:Journal archive
3250:
3219:
3214:
3213:
3209:
3197:
3196:
3192:
3173:
3169:
3155:
3154:
3150:
3141:
3139:
3135:
3096:
3091:
3090:
3086:
3078:
3071:
3066:
3065:
3061:
3017:
3016:
3012:
3003:
3002:
2998:
2989:
2987:
2978:
2977:
2973:
2961:
2957:
2945:
2936:
2923:
2921:
2913:The Irish Times
2906:
2905:
2894:
2885:
2883:
2874:
2873:
2864:
2857:
2844:
2843:
2839:
2823:
2822:
2818:
2784:
2783:
2779:
2769:
2767:
2765:www.thepaper.cn
2759:
2758:
2754:
2748:www.news.com.au
2742:
2738:
2729:
2727:
2714:
2713:
2709:
2693:
2689:
2680:
2678:
2669:
2668:
2664:
2647:
2646:
2642:
2612:
2611:
2607:
2585:
2584:
2580:
2536:
2535:
2531:
2487:
2486:
2482:
2452:
2451:
2447:
2411:
2410:
2406:
2352:
2351:
2347:
2314:(5): e0007366.
2301:
2300:
2296:
2260:
2259:
2255:
2211:
2210:
2206:
2162:
2161:
2157:
2113:
2112:
2108:
2078:
2077:
2073:
2034:
2033:
2029:
1977:
1976:
1972:
1964:
1962:
1945:
1944:
1940:
1931:
1930:
1926:
1918:
1916:
1914:
1889:
1888:
1884:
1879:
1875:
1831:
1830:
1826:
1818:
1811:
1807:
1806:
1802:
1785:
1784:
1780:
1770:
1768:
1759:
1758:
1754:
1744:
1742:
1733:
1732:
1723:
1718:Journal archive
1712:
1681:
1676:
1675:
1671:
1666:
1654:
1645:
1597:Syncerus caffer
1585:
1522:
1476:
1424:
1382:
1294:
1289:
1277:Gibraltar fever
1124:
1069:
1051:Brucellosis in
1049:
1040:
1009:
996:
989:
985:
983:
979:
977:
973:
971:
967:
965:
961:
949:
928:
915:
903:
879:
874:
852:
798:aminoglycosides
783:
748:
704:immunoglobulins
693:Vibrio cholerae
571:
494:
383:red blood cells
343:
332:
326:
323:
280:
278:
268:
256:
245:
189:chronic disease
130:aminoglycosides
83:(endocarditis).
33:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
7300:
7298:
7290:
7289:
7284:
7279:
7274:
7269:
7264:
7259:
7254:
7249:
7239:
7238:
7232:
7231:
7229:
7228:
7226:Tropical ulcer
7223:
7218:
7213:
7208:
7203:
7198:
7193:
7188:
7183:
7178:
7173:
7172:
7171:
7166:
7156:
7151:
7146:
7141:
7136:
7131:
7130:
7129:
7124:
7113:
7112:
7107:
7105:Pilonidal cyst
7102:
7097:
7096:
7095:
7090:
7076:
7071:
7070:
7069:
7059:
7058:
7057:
7046:
7044:
7038:
7037:
7034:
7033:
7031:
7030:
7025:
7020:
7015:
7010:
7008:Rat-bite fever
7005:
7000:
6995:
6990:
6985:
6980:
6975:
6970:
6964:
6962:
6958:
6957:
6955:
6954:
6945:
6943:
6937:
6936:
6933:
6932:
6930:
6929:
6921:
6916:
6911:
6906:
6901:
6896:
6891:
6865:
6857:
6852:
6845:
6840:
6838:Pasteurellosis
6834:
6832:
6828:
6827:
6825:
6824:
6819:
6814:
6809:
6800:
6795:
6781:
6779:
6775:
6774:
6772:
6771:
6766:
6761:
6756:
6751:
6746:
6741:
6736:
6731:
6726:
6721:
6716:
6711:
6706:
6704:Rickettsialpox
6701:
6693:
6688:
6683:
6678:
6673:
6668:
6663:
6658:
6653:
6648:
6646:Endemic typhus
6642:
6640:
6633:
6631:Pseudomonadota
6624:
6618:
6617:
6614:
6613:
6610:
6609:
6607:
6606:
6601:
6593:
6588:
6583:
6577:
6575:
6571:
6570:
6568:
6567:
6562:
6557:
6552:
6547:
6542:
6537:
6532:
6527:
6522:
6514:
6506:
6498:
6493:
6491:Lupus vulgaris
6488:
6483:
6478:
6473:
6468:
6463:
6458:
6453:
6448:
6443:
6437:
6435:
6431:Mycobacterium-
6424:
6422:Actinomycetota
6418:
6417:
6414:
6413:
6411:
6410:
6403:
6398:
6392:
6390:
6386:
6385:
6383:
6382:
6377:
6371:
6369:
6361:
6360:
6355:
6353:
6345:
6344:
6342:
6341:
6336:
6327:
6318:
6313:
6308:
6302:
6300:
6292:
6291:
6289:
6288:
6283:
6278:
6272:
6270:
6267:Staphylococcus
6259:
6250:
6244:
6243:
6238:
6236:
6235:
6228:
6221:
6213:
6204:
6203:
6200:
6199:
6197:
6196:
6195:
6194:
6179:
6178:
6177:
6175:Gastric cancer
6157:
6156:
6155:
6138:
6136:
6127:
6121:
6120:
6117:
6116:
6114:
6113:
6112:
6111:
6091:
6089:
6083:
6082:
6080:
6079:
6078:
6077:
6064:
6062:
6056:
6055:
6053:
6052:
6044:
6042:
6036:
6035:
6033:
6032:
6025:
6018:
6017:
6016:
6000:
5998:
5992:
5991:
5989:
5988:
5981:
5974:
5967:
5960:
5959:
5958:
5945:
5943:
5937:
5936:
5934:
5933:
5932:
5931:
5918:
5916:
5910:
5909:
5907:
5906:
5905:
5904:
5892:
5891:
5890:
5873:
5871:
5865:
5864:
5861:
5860:
5858:
5857:
5851:
5849:
5839:
5838:
5836:
5835:
5834:
5833:
5825:Actinobacillus
5821:
5819:Pasteurellosis
5815:
5813:
5803:
5802:
5800:
5799:
5798:
5797:
5785:
5784:
5783:
5771:
5770:
5769:
5764:
5748:
5746:
5732:
5730:Pasteurellales
5726:
5725:
5722:
5721:
5718:
5717:
5715:
5714:
5713:
5712:
5700:
5699:
5698:
5686:
5685:
5684:
5682:Bubonic plague
5668:
5655:
5654:
5653:
5624:
5622:
5618:
5617:
5615:
5614:
5613:
5612:
5591:
5589:
5580:
5574:
5573:
5571:
5570:
5557:
5556:
5555:
5539:
5537:
5531:
5530:
5528:
5527:
5515:
5514:
5513:
5512:
5502:
5497:
5492:
5490:Enteroinvasive
5487:
5475:
5474:
5467:
5466:
5465:
5453:
5452:
5451:
5434:
5432:
5423:
5408:
5402:
5401:
5398:
5397:
5395:
5394:
5393:
5392:
5376:
5369:
5368:
5367:
5355:
5354:
5353:
5340:
5338:
5332:
5331:
5328:
5327:
5325:
5324:
5323:
5322:
5310:
5309:
5308:
5289:
5287:
5279:
5278:
5276:
5275:
5274:
5273:
5260:
5258:
5252:
5251:
5249:
5248:
5247:
5246:
5225:
5223:
5214:
5205:
5199:
5198:
5195:
5194:
5191:
5190:
5188:
5187:
5186:
5185:
5169:
5168:
5167:
5152:
5151:
5150:
5138:
5137:
5136:
5119:
5117:
5115:Bartonellaceae
5111:
5110:
5108:
5107:
5106:
5105:
5092:
5090:
5081:
5075:
5074:
5071:
5070:
5068:
5067:
5066:
5065:
5053:
5052:
5051:
5039:
5038:
5037:
5016:
5014:
5008:
5007:
5004:
5003:
5000:
4999:
4997:
4996:
4995:
4994:
4981:
4979:
4973:
4972:
4970:
4969:
4968:
4967:
4955:
4954:
4953:
4951:Rickettsialpox
4940:
4938:
4932:
4931:
4929:
4928:
4927:
4926:
4911:
4910:
4909:
4897:
4896:
4895:
4883:
4882:
4881:
4869:
4868:
4867:
4855:
4854:
4853:
4841:
4840:
4839:
4827:
4826:
4825:
4813:
4812:
4811:
4798:
4796:
4787:
4779:
4778:
4776:
4775:
4774:
4773:
4753:
4752:
4751:
4738:
4736:
4727:
4718:Rickettsiaceae
4711:
4702:
4696:
4695:
4688:Pseudomonadota
4686:
4684:
4683:
4676:
4669:
4661:
4652:
4651:
4649:
4648:
4643:
4638:
4633:
4628:
4623:
4621:List of topics
4618:
4613:
4608:
4603:
4598:
4592:
4590:
4589:Related topics
4586:
4585:
4583:
4582:
4577:
4572:
4567:
4562:
4557:
4552:
4547:
4542:
4537:
4532:
4527:
4522:
4517:
4512:
4506:
4504:
4500:
4499:
4497:
4496:
4491:
4486:
4481:
4476:
4471:
4466:
4461:
4456:
4451:
4446:
4441:
4436:
4430:
4428:
4424:
4423:
4421:
4420:
4415:
4410:
4405:
4400:
4395:
4390:
4385:
4380:
4375:
4370:
4365:
4360:
4355:
4349:
4347:
4343:
4342:
4340:
4339:
4334:
4329:
4324:
4319:
4314:
4309:
4304:
4299:
4294:
4289:
4284:
4279:
4274:
4269:
4264:
4259:
4254:
4249:
4244:
4239:
4233:
4231:
4227:
4226:
4224:
4223:
4218:
4213:
4208:
4203:
4198:
4193:
4188:
4183:
4177:
4175:
4171:
4170:
4165:
4163:
4162:
4155:
4148:
4140:
4131:
4130:
4127:
4126:
4115:
4104:
4093:
4081:
4080:
4078:
4074:
4073:
4070:
4069:
4058:
4047:
4032:
4017:
4001:
3996:
3995:
3993:
3992:Classification
3986:
3985:
3976:
3946:
3937:
3924:
3917:
3914:
3911:
3910:
3881:
3851:
3840:
3798:
3727:
3671:
3637:
3586:
3579:
3561:
3540:
3537:on 2007-06-09.
3509:
3492:. 1928-12-10.
3477:
3456:(3): 395â401.
3436:
3411:(3): 184â185.
3395:
3388:
3370:
3302:
3259:
3253:on 2016-07-21.
3207:
3190:
3167:
3148:
3107:(3): 645â653.
3084:
3081:on 2008-05-09.
3059:
3010:
2996:
2971:
2955:
2934:
2892:
2862:
2855:
2837:
2816:
2777:
2752:
2736:
2707:
2687:
2662:
2640:
2621:(1â4): 71â80.
2605:
2578:
2529:
2480:
2445:
2431:10.1086/501359
2424:(8): 1075â80.
2404:
2359:Microorganisms
2345:
2294:
2280:10.1086/588482
2273:(12): e131-6.
2253:
2204:
2155:
2106:
2087:(12): 775â86.
2071:
2027:
1970:
1938:
1924:
1912:
1890:Roy R (2013),
1882:
1873:
1844:(10): E690-2.
1824:
1821:on 2007-10-13.
1800:
1797:on 2011-06-06.
1778:
1765:mayoclinic.org
1752:
1739:mayoclinic.org
1721:
1715:on 2016-07-21.
1668:
1667:
1665:
1662:
1661:
1660:
1653:
1650:
1644:
1641:
1584:
1581:
1538:is similar to
1521:
1518:
1475:
1472:
1423:
1420:
1381:
1378:
1349:
1348:
1345:
1342:
1293:
1290:
1288:
1287:
1284:
1281:
1278:
1275:
1272:
1268:
1232:pasteurization
1214:Alice C. Evans
1123:
1120:
1068:
1065:
1048:
1045:
1039:
1036:
1008:
1005:
995:
992:
984:
978:
972:
966:
960:
948:
945:
927:
924:
914:
911:
902:
899:
878:
875:
873:
870:
851:
848:
829:co-trimoxazole
782:
779:
753:animal vaccine
747:
744:
738:with relative
656:polysaccharide
606:
605:
602:
599:
595:
570:
567:
493:
490:
482:optic neuritis
345:
344:
259:
257:
250:
244:
241:
219:affects dogs.
153:undulant fever
133:
132:
119:
113:
112:
107:
103:
102:
99:
95:
94:
91:
85:
84:
80:
74:
73:
70:
64:
63:
58:
52:
51:
44:
40:
39:
31:
26:
24:
18:Undulant fever
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
7299:
7288:
7285:
7283:
7280:
7278:
7275:
7273:
7270:
7268:
7265:
7263:
7260:
7258:
7255:
7253:
7250:
7248:
7245:
7244:
7242:
7227:
7224:
7222:
7219:
7217:
7214:
7212:
7209:
7207:
7204:
7202:
7199:
7197:
7194:
7192:
7189:
7187:
7186:Botryomycosis
7184:
7182:
7179:
7177:
7174:
7170:
7167:
7165:
7162:
7161:
7160:
7157:
7155:
7152:
7150:
7147:
7145:
7142:
7140:
7137:
7135:
7132:
7128:
7125:
7123:
7120:
7119:
7118:
7115:
7114:
7111:
7108:
7106:
7103:
7101:
7098:
7094:
7091:
7089:
7085:
7082:
7081:
7080:
7077:
7075:
7072:
7068:
7065:
7064:
7063:
7062:Boil/furuncle
7060:
7056:
7053:
7052:
7051:
7048:
7047:
7045:
7039:
7029:
7026:
7024:
7021:
7019:
7016:
7014:
7011:
7009:
7006:
7004:
7003:Leptospirosis
7001:
6999:
6996:
6994:
6991:
6989:
6986:
6984:
6981:
6979:
6976:
6974:
6971:
6969:
6966:
6965:
6963:
6959:
6953:
6951:
6947:
6946:
6944:
6942:
6938:
6928:
6926:
6922:
6920:
6917:
6915:
6912:
6910:
6907:
6905:
6902:
6900:
6899:Salmonellosis
6897:
6895:
6892:
6889:
6885:
6881:
6877:
6875:
6870:
6866:
6864:
6862:
6858:
6856:
6855:Rhinoscleroma
6853:
6851:
6850:
6846:
6844:
6841:
6839:
6836:
6835:
6833:
6829:
6823:
6820:
6818:
6815:
6813:
6810:
6808:
6806:
6801:
6799:
6796:
6794:
6790:
6786:
6783:
6782:
6780:
6776:
6770:
6767:
6765:
6762:
6760:
6757:
6755:
6752:
6750:
6747:
6745:
6742:
6740:
6737:
6735:
6732:
6730:
6727:
6725:
6722:
6720:
6717:
6715:
6712:
6710:
6707:
6705:
6702:
6700:
6698:
6694:
6692:
6689:
6687:
6684:
6682:
6679:
6677:
6674:
6672:
6669:
6667:
6664:
6662:
6659:
6657:
6654:
6652:
6649:
6647:
6644:
6643:
6641:
6637:
6634:
6632:
6628:
6625:
6623:
6619:
6605:
6602:
6600:
6598:
6594:
6592:
6589:
6587:
6584:
6582:
6579:
6578:
6576:
6572:
6566:
6563:
6561:
6558:
6556:
6553:
6551:
6548:
6546:
6543:
6541:
6540:Scrofuloderma
6538:
6536:
6533:
6531:
6528:
6526:
6523:
6521:
6519:
6515:
6513:
6511:
6507:
6505:
6503:
6499:
6497:
6494:
6492:
6489:
6487:
6484:
6482:
6479:
6477:
6474:
6472:
6469:
6467:
6464:
6462:
6459:
6457:
6454:
6452:
6449:
6447:
6444:
6442:
6439:
6438:
6436:
6434:
6428:
6425:
6423:
6419:
6409:
6408:
6404:
6402:
6399:
6397:
6394:
6393:
6391:
6387:
6381:
6378:
6376:
6373:
6372:
6370:
6368:
6367:
6362:
6358:
6354:
6352:
6351:
6346:
6340:
6339:Scarlet fever
6337:
6335:
6331:
6328:
6326:
6324:
6319:
6317:
6314:
6312:
6309:
6307:
6304:
6303:
6301:
6299:
6298:
6297:Streptococcus
6293:
6287:
6284:
6282:
6279:
6277:
6274:
6273:
6271:
6269:
6268:
6263:
6260:
6258:
6254:
6251:
6249:
6245:
6241:
6234:
6229:
6227:
6222:
6220:
6215:
6214:
6211:
6193:
6191:
6187:
6186:
6185:
6184:
6180:
6176:
6172:
6171:MALT lymphoma
6168:
6165:
6164:
6163:
6162:
6158:
6154:
6150:
6147:
6146:
6145:
6144:
6140:
6139:
6137:
6135:
6131:
6128:
6126:
6122:
6110:
6108:
6104:
6103:
6102:
6101:
6097:
6093:
6092:
6090:
6088:
6087:Aeromonadales
6084:
6076:
6073:
6072:
6071:
6070:
6066:
6065:
6063:
6061:
6057:
6051:
6050:
6046:
6045:
6043:
6041:
6037:
6031:
6030:
6026:
6024:
6023:
6019:
6015:
6013:
6009:
6008:
6007:
6006:
6002:
6001:
5999:
5997:
5993:
5987:
5986:
5982:
5980:
5979:
5975:
5973:
5972:
5968:
5966:
5965:
5961:
5957:
5954:
5953:
5952:
5951:
5947:
5946:
5944:
5942:
5938:
5930:
5927:
5926:
5925:
5924:
5920:
5919:
5917:
5915:
5914:Thiotrichales
5911:
5903:
5900:
5899:
5898:
5897:
5893:
5889:
5886:
5885:
5884:
5883:
5879:
5875:
5874:
5872:
5870:
5869:Legionellales
5866:
5856:
5853:
5852:
5850:
5847:
5846:
5840:
5832:
5829:
5828:
5827:
5826:
5822:
5820:
5817:
5816:
5814:
5811:
5810:
5804:
5796:
5793:
5792:
5791:
5790:
5786:
5782:
5779:
5778:
5777:
5776:
5772:
5768:
5765:
5763:
5761:
5757:
5756:
5755:
5754:
5753:H. influenzae
5750:
5749:
5747:
5744:
5742:
5736:
5733:
5731:
5727:
5711:
5708:
5707:
5706:
5705:
5701:
5697:
5694:
5693:
5692:
5691:
5687:
5683:
5679:
5676:
5675:
5674:
5673:
5669:
5667:
5666:
5661:
5660:
5656:
5652:
5648:
5645:
5644:
5643:
5642:
5638:
5634:
5630:
5626:
5625:
5623:
5619:
5611:
5610:Salmonellosis
5607:
5603:
5602:Typhoid fever
5600:
5599:
5598:
5597:
5593:
5592:
5590:
5588:
5584:
5581:
5579:
5575:
5569:
5568:
5563:
5562:
5558:
5554:
5552:
5548:
5547:
5546:
5545:
5541:
5540:
5538:
5536:
5532:
5526:
5525:
5521:
5517:
5516:
5511:
5508:
5507:
5506:
5503:
5501:
5498:
5496:
5493:
5491:
5488:
5486:
5482:
5481:
5477:
5476:
5473:
5472:
5468:
5464:
5461:
5460:
5459:
5458:
5454:
5450:
5446:
5445:Rhinoscleroma
5443:
5442:
5441:
5440:
5436:
5435:
5433:
5431:
5427:
5424:
5421:
5416:
5412:
5409:
5407:
5403:
5391:
5388:
5387:
5386:
5385:
5381:
5377:
5375:
5374:
5370:
5366:
5363:
5362:
5361:
5360:
5356:
5352:
5349:
5348:
5347:
5346:
5342:
5341:
5339:
5337:
5333:
5321:
5318:
5317:
5316:
5315:
5311:
5307:
5304:
5303:
5302:
5301:
5296:
5295:
5291:
5290:
5288:
5285:
5280:
5272:
5269:
5268:
5267:
5266:
5262:
5261:
5259:
5257:
5253:
5245:
5241:
5237:
5234:
5233:
5232:
5231:
5227:
5226:
5224:
5222:
5218:
5215:
5213:
5209:
5206:
5204:
5200:
5184:
5180:
5177:
5176:
5175:
5174:
5170:
5166:
5163:
5162:
5161:
5157:
5153:
5149:
5146:
5145:
5144:
5143:
5139:
5135:
5132:
5131:
5130:
5129:
5124:
5123:Bartonellosis
5121:
5120:
5118:
5116:
5112:
5104:
5101:
5100:
5099:
5098:
5094:
5093:
5091:
5089:
5085:
5082:
5080:
5076:
5064:
5061:
5060:
5059:
5058:
5054:
5050:
5047:
5046:
5045:
5044:
5040:
5036:
5032:
5029:
5028:
5027:
5026:
5021:
5018:
5017:
5015:
5013:
5009:
4993:
4990:
4989:
4988:
4987:
4983:
4982:
4980:
4978:
4974:
4966:
4963:
4962:
4961:
4960:
4956:
4952:
4949:
4948:
4947:
4946:
4942:
4941:
4939:
4937:
4933:
4925:
4923:
4919:
4918:
4917:
4916:
4912:
4908:
4905:
4904:
4903:
4902:
4898:
4894:
4891:
4890:
4889:
4888:
4884:
4880:
4877:
4876:
4875:
4874:
4870:
4866:
4863:
4862:
4861:
4860:
4856:
4852:
4849:
4848:
4847:
4846:
4842:
4838:
4835:
4834:
4833:
4832:
4828:
4824:
4821:
4820:
4819:
4818:
4814:
4810:
4807:
4806:
4805:
4804:
4800:
4799:
4797:
4795:
4791:
4788:
4786:
4780:
4772:
4768:
4764:
4761:
4760:
4759:
4758:
4754:
4750:
4749:Murine typhus
4747:
4746:
4745:
4744:
4740:
4739:
4737:
4735:
4731:
4728:
4725:
4724:Rickettsioses
4719:
4715:
4712:
4710:
4709:Rickettsiales
4706:
4703:
4701:
4697:
4693:
4689:
4682:
4677:
4675:
4670:
4668:
4663:
4662:
4659:
4647:
4644:
4642:
4639:
4637:
4634:
4632:
4629:
4627:
4624:
4622:
4619:
4617:
4614:
4612:
4609:
4607:
4604:
4602:
4599:
4597:
4594:
4593:
4591:
4587:
4581:
4578:
4576:
4573:
4571:
4568:
4566:
4563:
4561:
4558:
4556:
4553:
4551:
4548:
4546:
4543:
4541:
4538:
4536:
4533:
4531:
4528:
4526:
4523:
4521:
4518:
4516:
4513:
4511:
4508:
4507:
4505:
4501:
4495:
4492:
4490:
4487:
4485:
4482:
4480:
4477:
4475:
4472:
4470:
4467:
4465:
4464:Operation LAC
4462:
4460:
4457:
4455:
4454:Operation Dew
4452:
4450:
4447:
4445:
4442:
4440:
4437:
4435:
4432:
4431:
4429:
4425:
4419:
4416:
4414:
4411:
4409:
4406:
4404:
4401:
4399:
4396:
4394:
4391:
4389:
4386:
4384:
4381:
4379:
4376:
4374:
4371:
4369:
4366:
4364:
4361:
4359:
4356:
4354:
4351:
4350:
4348:
4344:
4338:
4335:
4333:
4330:
4328:
4325:
4323:
4320:
4318:
4315:
4313:
4310:
4308:
4305:
4303:
4300:
4298:
4297:Potato blight
4295:
4293:
4290:
4288:
4285:
4283:
4280:
4278:
4275:
4273:
4270:
4268:
4265:
4263:
4260:
4258:
4255:
4253:
4250:
4248:
4245:
4243:
4240:
4238:
4235:
4234:
4232:
4228:
4222:
4219:
4217:
4214:
4212:
4209:
4207:
4204:
4202:
4199:
4197:
4194:
4192:
4189:
4187:
4184:
4182:
4179:
4178:
4176:
4172:
4168:
4161:
4156:
4154:
4149:
4147:
4142:
4141:
4138:
4125:
4121:
4120:
4116:
4114:
4110:
4109:
4105:
4103:
4099:
4098:
4094:
4092:
4088:
4087:
4083:
4082:
4079:
4075:
4068:
4064:
4063:
4059:
4057:
4053:
4052:
4048:
4046:
4042:
4041:
4037:
4033:
4031:
4027:
4026:
4022:
4018:
4016:
4012:
4011:
4007:
4003:
4002:
3999:
3994:
3990:
3984:
3980:
3977:
3972:
3968:
3964:
3960:
3956:
3952:
3947:
3945:
3941:
3938:
3936:
3932:
3928:
3925:
3923:
3920:
3919:
3915:
3899:
3895:
3891:
3885:
3882:
3870:
3866:
3860:
3858:
3856:
3852:
3849:
3844:
3841:
3836:
3832:
3828:
3824:
3820:
3816:
3809:
3802:
3799:
3788:on 2015-06-06
3784:
3780:
3776:
3772:
3768:
3763:
3758:
3754:
3750:
3743:
3736:
3734:
3732:
3728:
3717:on 2015-06-06
3713:
3709:
3705:
3701:
3697:
3694:(2): 277â86.
3693:
3689:
3682:
3675:
3672:
3661:on 2016-10-09
3660:
3656:
3652:
3651:"Brucellosis"
3646:
3644:
3642:
3638:
3633:
3629:
3624:
3619:
3614:
3609:
3605:
3601:
3597:
3590:
3587:
3582:
3576:
3572:
3565:
3562:
3558:
3554:
3550:
3544:
3541:
3533:
3529:
3522:
3521:
3513:
3510:
3499:
3495:
3491:
3487:
3481:
3478:
3473:
3469:
3464:
3459:
3455:
3451:
3447:
3440:
3437:
3432:
3426:
3418:
3414:
3410:
3406:
3399:
3396:
3391:
3385:
3381:
3374:
3371:
3365:
3360:
3356:
3352:
3348:
3344:
3340:
3336:
3332:
3328:
3324:
3320:
3316:
3309:
3307:
3303:
3298:
3294:
3290:
3286:
3282:
3276:
3274:
3272:
3270:
3268:
3266:
3264:
3260:
3257:
3249:
3245:
3241:
3237:
3233:
3229:
3225:
3218:
3211:
3208:
3203:
3202:
3194:
3191:
3188:
3187:Who Named It?
3184:
3183:
3178:
3177:
3171:
3168:
3163:
3159:
3152:
3149:
3138:on 2017-01-08
3134:
3130:
3126:
3122:
3118:
3114:
3110:
3106:
3102:
3095:
3088:
3085:
3077:
3070:
3063:
3060:
3055:
3051:
3046:
3041:
3037:
3033:
3029:
3025:
3021:
3014:
3011:
3006:
3000:
2997:
2986:on 2012-03-20
2985:
2981:
2975:
2972:
2968:
2964:
2959:
2956:
2952:
2948:
2943:
2941:
2939:
2935:
2931:
2930:it once was."
2920:on 2021-04-03
2919:
2915:
2914:
2909:
2903:
2901:
2899:
2897:
2893:
2881:
2877:
2871:
2869:
2867:
2863:
2858:
2852:
2848:
2841:
2838:
2833:
2832:
2827:
2820:
2817:
2812:
2808:
2804:
2800:
2796:
2792:
2788:
2781:
2778:
2766:
2762:
2756:
2753:
2749:
2745:
2740:
2737:
2726:on 2007-02-08
2725:
2721:
2717:
2711:
2708:
2705:
2704:0-643-05814-1
2701:
2697:
2691:
2688:
2677:on 2011-04-22
2676:
2672:
2666:
2663:
2658:
2654:
2650:
2644:
2641:
2636:
2632:
2628:
2624:
2620:
2616:
2609:
2606:
2601:
2597:
2593:
2589:
2582:
2579:
2574:
2570:
2565:
2560:
2556:
2552:
2549:(8): 1180â5.
2548:
2544:
2540:
2533:
2530:
2525:
2521:
2516:
2511:
2507:
2503:
2499:
2495:
2491:
2484:
2481:
2476:
2472:
2468:
2464:
2461:(4): 582â90.
2460:
2456:
2449:
2446:
2441:
2437:
2432:
2427:
2423:
2419:
2415:
2408:
2405:
2400:
2396:
2391:
2386:
2382:
2378:
2373:
2368:
2364:
2360:
2356:
2349:
2346:
2341:
2337:
2332:
2327:
2322:
2317:
2313:
2309:
2305:
2298:
2295:
2290:
2286:
2281:
2276:
2272:
2268:
2264:
2257:
2254:
2249:
2245:
2240:
2235:
2231:
2227:
2224:(4): 306â13.
2223:
2219:
2215:
2208:
2205:
2200:
2196:
2191:
2186:
2182:
2178:
2174:
2170:
2166:
2159:
2156:
2151:
2147:
2143:
2139:
2134:
2129:
2126:(7): 833â45.
2125:
2121:
2117:
2110:
2107:
2102:
2098:
2094:
2090:
2086:
2082:
2075:
2072:
2067:
2063:
2059:
2055:
2051:
2047:
2043:
2039:
2031:
2028:
2023:
2019:
2014:
2009:
2005:
2001:
1997:
1993:
1989:
1985:
1981:
1974:
1971:
1961:
1957:
1953:
1949:
1948:"Brucellosis"
1942:
1939:
1934:
1928:
1925:
1915:
1909:
1905:
1901:
1897:
1893:
1886:
1883:
1877:
1874:
1869:
1865:
1860:
1855:
1851:
1847:
1843:
1839:
1835:
1828:
1825:
1817:
1810:
1804:
1801:
1796:
1792:
1788:
1787:"Brucellosis"
1782:
1779:
1767:. Mayo Clinic
1766:
1762:
1761:"Brucellosis"
1756:
1753:
1741:. Mayo Clinic
1740:
1736:
1735:"Brucellosis"
1730:
1728:
1726:
1722:
1719:
1711:
1707:
1703:
1699:
1695:
1691:
1687:
1680:
1673:
1670:
1663:
1659:
1658:Brucella suis
1656:
1655:
1651:
1649:
1642:
1640:
1636:
1634:
1630:
1626:
1621:
1617:
1612:
1610:
1606:
1602:
1598:
1594:
1590:
1582:
1580:
1578:
1574:
1570:
1566:
1561:
1557:
1556:baleen whales
1553:
1549:
1545:
1541:
1537:
1533:
1529:
1528:
1519:
1517:
1515:
1511:
1507:
1503:
1499:
1495:
1491:
1487:
1486:
1481:
1473:
1471:
1469:
1465:
1461:
1457:
1453:
1449:
1444:
1442:
1438:
1434:
1430:
1429:
1421:
1419:
1417:
1413:
1412:
1408:(sheep), and
1407:
1406:
1401:
1400:
1399:B. melitensis
1395:
1394:
1389:
1388:
1380:Other animals
1379:
1377:
1373:
1369:
1366:
1362:
1358:
1354:
1346:
1343:
1340:
1337:
1336:
1335:
1333:
1328:
1326:
1325:Richard Nixon
1322:
1318:
1314:
1310:
1306:
1302:
1298:
1291:
1285:
1283:Italian fever
1282:
1279:
1276:
1273:
1271:Crimean fever
1270:
1269:
1267:
1264:
1262:
1258:
1254:
1248:
1246:
1245:
1239:
1237:
1233:
1229:
1224:
1220:
1219:coccobacillus
1215:
1210:
1208:
1203:
1201:
1197:
1193:
1192:Bernhard Bang
1190:
1187:
1182:
1180:
1176:
1172:
1168:
1164:
1156:
1152:
1148:
1144:
1139:
1132:
1128:
1121:
1119:
1117:
1113:
1109:
1105:
1101:
1096:
1094:
1089:
1086:
1082:
1078:
1077:veterinarians
1074:
1067:United States
1066:
1064:
1062:
1058:
1054:
1046:
1044:
1037:
1035:
1033:
1029:
1025:
1024:Brendan Smith
1021:
1017:
1013:
1006:
1004:
1001:
993:
958:
957:B. melitensis
953:
946:
944:
942:
941:
935:
933:
925:
923:
920:
912:
910:
907:
900:
898:
896:
892:
888:
884:
876:
871:
869:
866:
861:
857:
849:
847:
845:
841:
840:Ciprofloxacin
837:
832:
830:
825:
821:
816:
814:
810:
806:
802:
799:
795:
791:
790:tetracyclines
787:
780:
778:
774:
772:
768:
763:
761:
758:
754:
745:
743:
741:
740:lymphocytosis
737:
732:
729:
725:
720:
715:
713:
709:
705:
701:
700:
695:
694:
689:
688:
683:
682:
677:
676:
671:
670:
665:
661:
657:
652:
650:
646:
642:
638:
634:
630:
626:
622:
618:
617:
616:B. melitensis
612:
603:
600:
596:
592:
591:
590:
583:
575:
568:
566:
564:
560:
556:
552:
547:
545:
541:
537:
533:
529:
525:
521:
517:
516:B. melitensis
510:
509:Brucella suis
506:
502:
498:
491:
489:
487:
483:
479:
475:
471:
467:
463:
459:
454:
452:
448:
444:
440:
439:osteomyelitis
434:
432:
428:
427:liver abscess
424:
420:
416:
412:
408:
404:
400:
396:
392:
388:
387:liver enzymes
384:
380:
376:
372:
368:
363:
361:
351:
341:
338:
330:
319:
316:
312:
309:
305:
302:
298:
295:
291:
288: â
287:
286:"Brucellosis"
283:
282:Find sources:
276:
272:
266:
265:
260:This section
258:
254:
249:
248:
242:
240:
238:
234:
230:
226:
222:
221:B. melitensis
218:
214:
213:B. melitensis
210:
206:
202:
201:B. melitensis
198:
194:
190:
186:
183:
179:
175:
174:Gram-negative
172:, are small,
171:
170:
164:
162:
158:
154:
150:
147:
146:unpasteurized
143:
139:
131:
127:
123:
122:tetracyclines
120:
118:
114:
111:
108:
104:
100:
96:
92:
90:
86:
81:
79:
78:Complications
75:
71:
69:
65:
62:
59:
57:
53:
49:
45:
41:
36:
30:
19:
7267:Dog diseases
7191:Malakoplakia
7117:Folliculitis
7041:Unspecified
7013:Lyme disease
6950:Helicobacter
6949:
6924:
6873:
6860:
6847:
6804:
6785:Gonococcemia
6753:
6696:
6676:Trench fever
6656:Scrub typhus
6596:
6517:
6509:
6501:
6461:Buruli ulcer
6430:
6405:
6375:Gas gangrene
6364:
6348:
6322:
6295:
6265:
6190:Helicobacter
6189:
6181:
6167:Peptic ulcer
6159:
6141:
6106:
6094:
6067:
6047:
6027:
6020:
6011:
6003:
5983:
5976:
5969:
5962:
5948:
5941:Vibrionaceae
5921:
5894:
5876:
5843:
5823:
5807:
5787:
5773:
5759:
5751:
5739:
5702:
5688:
5670:
5663:
5657:
5627:
5594:
5565:
5559:
5550:
5542:
5518:
5478:
5469:
5455:
5437:
5378:
5371:
5357:
5343:
5312:
5298:
5292:
5283:
5263:
5228:
5212:Neisseriales
5171:
5159:
5155:
5148:Trench fever
5140:
5126:
5102:
5095:
5088:Brucellaceae
5055:
5041:
5035:Anaplasmosis
5023:
5020:Ehrlichiosis
4984:
4965:Scrub typhus
4957:
4943:
4921:
4913:
4899:
4885:
4871:
4857:
4843:
4829:
4815:
4801:
4755:
4741:
4690:-associated
4545:Fort Douglas
4540:Fort Detrick
4525:Building 470
4520:Building 257
4515:Building 101
4413:M143 bomblet
4368:E23 munition
4363:E14 munition
4353:E120 bomblet
4337:Yellow fever
4257:Dengue fever
4190:
4117:
4106:
4095:
4084:
4060:
4049:
4034:
4019:
4004:
3957:(2): 122â7.
3954:
3950:
3902:. Retrieved
3898:the original
3893:
3884:
3873:. Retrieved
3868:
3843:
3821:(1): 79â87.
3818:
3814:
3801:
3790:. Retrieved
3783:the original
3755:(1): 27â42.
3752:
3748:
3719:. Retrieved
3712:the original
3691:
3687:
3674:
3663:. Retrieved
3659:the original
3654:
3603:
3599:
3589:
3570:
3564:
3548:
3543:
3532:the original
3519:
3512:
3501:. Retrieved
3489:
3480:
3453:
3449:
3439:
3425:cite journal
3408:
3404:
3398:
3379:
3373:
3322:
3318:
3288:
3248:the original
3227:
3223:
3210:
3200:
3193:
3180:
3179:named after
3174:
3170:
3157:
3151:
3140:. Retrieved
3133:the original
3104:
3100:
3087:
3076:the original
3062:
3030:(3): 321â3.
3027:
3023:
3013:
3004:
2999:
2988:. Retrieved
2984:the original
2974:
2966:
2958:
2950:
2928:
2922:. Retrieved
2918:the original
2911:
2884:. Retrieved
2882:. 2009-07-01
2846:
2840:
2829:
2819:
2794:
2790:
2780:
2768:. Retrieved
2764:
2755:
2747:
2739:
2728:. Retrieved
2724:the original
2719:
2710:
2695:
2690:
2679:. Retrieved
2675:the original
2665:
2652:
2643:
2618:
2614:
2608:
2594:(2): 39â42.
2591:
2587:
2581:
2546:
2542:
2532:
2497:
2493:
2483:
2458:
2454:
2448:
2421:
2417:
2407:
2362:
2358:
2348:
2311:
2307:
2297:
2270:
2266:
2256:
2221:
2217:
2207:
2175:(2): 314â8.
2172:
2168:
2158:
2123:
2119:
2109:
2084:
2080:
2074:
2044:(1): 56â63.
2041:
2037:
2030:
1987:
1983:
1973:
1963:, retrieved
1951:
1941:
1927:
1917:, retrieved
1895:
1885:
1876:
1841:
1837:
1827:
1816:the original
1803:
1795:the original
1790:
1781:
1769:. Retrieved
1764:
1755:
1743:. Retrieved
1738:
1710:the original
1689:
1685:
1672:
1646:
1637:
1619:
1613:
1608:
1604:
1603:), caribou (
1600:
1596:
1592:
1588:
1586:
1576:
1572:
1568:
1564:
1559:
1543:
1539:
1535:
1525:
1523:
1483:
1477:
1468:epididymises
1451:
1445:
1436:
1426:
1425:
1415:
1409:
1403:
1397:
1391:
1385:
1383:
1374:
1370:
1361:M114 bomblet
1353:World War II
1350:
1331:
1329:
1320:
1316:
1300:
1296:
1295:
1274:Cyprus fever
1265:
1261:neurologists
1256:
1249:
1242:
1240:
1211:
1204:
1189:veterinarian
1183:
1160:
1115:
1107:
1099:
1097:
1092:
1090:
1072:
1070:
1060:
1056:
1050:
1041:
1010:
997:
956:
938:
936:
929:
916:
904:
894:
882:
880:
872:Epidemiology
864:
856:endocarditis
853:
844:endocarditis
833:
817:
808:
801:streptomycin
784:
775:
767:pasteurizing
764:
759:
749:
733:
723:
718:
716:
707:
697:
691:
685:
679:
673:
667:
659:
653:
620:
614:
610:
607:
588:
559:transmission
555:goat farmers
548:
543:
539:
519:
515:
513:
508:
486:endocarditis
457:
455:
447:sacroiliitis
435:
411:constipation
364:
357:
333:
327:January 2023
324:
314:
307:
300:
293:
281:
269:Please help
264:verification
261:
224:
220:
216:
212:
208:
204:
200:
196:
192:
178:coccobacilli
167:
165:
160:
156:
152:
137:
136:
47:
29:
7196:Pyomyositis
6904:Shigellosis
6874:Pseudomonas
6798:Melioidosis
6764:Oroya fever
6754:Brucellosis
6586:Nocardiosis
6396:Listeriosis
6366:Clostridium
6012:Pseudomonas
5760:Haemophilus
5741:Haemophilus
5696:Yersiniosis
5647:Shigellosis
5351:Melioidosis
5160:B. quintana
5156:B. henselae
5103:Brucellosis
4489:Project 112
4302:Psittacosis
4282:Melioidosis
4277:Lassa fever
4191:Brucellosis
4113:Brucellosis
4086:MedlinePlus
3979:Brucellosis
3869:www.cdc.gov
3655:www.fws.gov
3380:Brucellosis
3176:Brucellosis
2365:(8): 2070.
1616:Yellowstone
1609:Alces alces
1593:Bison bison
1355:. When the
1236:dairy farms
1228:food safety
1194:isolated a
1175:David Bruce
1167:Crimean War
1147:Castellania
1131:David Bruce
1108:Bison bison
1053:New Zealand
1047:New Zealand
860:antibiotics
824:doxycycline
786:Antibiotics
565:practices.
466:spondylitis
237:muscle pain
182:facultative
157:Malta fever
138:Brucellosis
110:antibiotics
43:Other names
38:Brucellosis
7241:Categories
7084:Paronychia
7079:Cellulitis
6952:cellulitis
6863:cellulitis
6803:Cutaneous
6407:Mycoplasma
6357:Erythrasma
6330:Erysipelas
6321:Cutaneous
6192:cellulitis
5775:H. ducreyi
5762:meningitis
5284:ungrouped:
4977:Flea-borne
4936:Mite-borne
4794:Tick-borne
4550:Fort Terry
4503:Facilities
4317:Rinderpest
4272:Hantavirus
4206:Rice blast
4108:Patient UK
4062:DiseasesDB
3904:2016-10-03
3875:2016-10-03
3792:2016-10-07
3721:2016-10-07
3665:2016-10-03
3557:0702027774
3503:2017-05-01
3281:de Kruif P
3142:2017-01-07
2990:2011-06-06
2967:www.gov.uk
2924:2009-07-01
2886:2009-07-01
2730:2007-03-18
2681:2011-06-06
1965:2023-11-08
1952:StatPearls
1919:2022-11-13
1664:References
1620:B. abortus
1607:), moose (
1601:Sus scrofa
1591:), bison (
1552:Odontoceti
1448:erythritol
1437:B. abortus
1428:B. abortus
1387:B. abortus
1341:(agent US)
1305:weaponized
1280:Goat fever
1100:Bos taurus
1093:B. abortus
805:gentamicin
796:, and the
794:rifampicin
746:Prevention
736:leucopenia
631:and other
625:antibodies
611:B. abortus
594:brucellae.
563:quarantine
536:depression
520:B. abortus
474:meningitis
371:arthralgia
367:bacteremia
297:newspapers
209:B. abortus
193:B. abortus
187:, causing
126:rifampicin
117:Medication
98:Prevention
7074:Carbuncle
6927:infection
6925:Aeromonas
6919:Chancroid
6843:Tularemia
6807:infection
6789:Gonorrhea
6699:infection
6599:infection
6520:infection
6512:infection
6504:infection
6325:infection
6257:Bacillota
6109:infection
6107:Aeromonas
6014:infection
5929:Tularemia
5781:Chancroid
5553:infection
5535:Slow/weak
5449:Pneumonia
5390:Pertussis
5271:Gonorrhea
4924:infection
4408:M115 bomb
4403:M114 bomb
4346:Munitions
4211:Tularemia
4097:eMedicine
3757:CiteSeerX
3498:0040-781X
3355:198096808
3339:0959-535X
3244:2077-4338
3238:: 54â56.
2381:2076-2607
2004:680110952
1706:2077-4338
1548:Mysticeti
1464:testicles
1184:In 1897,
1081:vaccinate
906:Australia
901:Australia
877:Argentina
850:Prognosis
781:Treatment
569:Diagnosis
532:headaches
501:Granuloma
462:arthritis
106:Treatment
56:Specialty
7282:Zoonoses
7159:Gangrene
7110:Pyoderma
7043:pathogen
6973:Syphilis
6968:Syphilid
6817:Glanders
6622:Gram -ve
6306:Impetigo
6281:Impetigo
6248:Gram +ve
5637:flexneri
5551:Serratia
5365:Glanders
4378:E61 bomb
4322:Smallpox
4267:Glanders
4247:Bird flu
4186:Botulism
4119:Orphanet
3971:12217720
3927:Brucella
3835:23837367
3779:23837363
3708:11974615
3632:22919595
3472:15037461
3347:25468794
3297:11210642
3283:(1932).
3054:15405523
2811:35675697
2657:Archived
2655:. 2022.
2635:12414136
2600:18199967
2573:16102304
2524:23076931
2440:16575723
2399:37630630
2390:10459711
2340:31048848
2289:18462106
2248:20718083
2199:20682874
2142:21810055
2101:18045560
2066:53034163
2058:30350754
2022:16199812
1960:28722861
1868:21398234
1652:See also
1540:Brucella
1510:orchitis
1485:B. canis
1460:ampullae
1452:Brucella
1441:placenta
1433:abortion
1416:Brucella
1396:(dogs),
1393:B. canis
1332:Brucella
1321:Brucella
1317:Brucella
1297:Brucella
1257:brucella
1244:Brucella
1223:enzootic
1200:bacillus
1196:bacillus
1151:Valletta
1085:zoonotic
1073:Brucella
1061:Brucella
883:Brucella
865:Brucella
809:Brucella
788:such as
724:Brucella
719:Brucella
708:B. canis
660:Brucella
649:serology
641:globulin
633:antigens
544:B. canis
505:necrosis
458:Brucella
451:Orchitis
415:diarrhea
403:vomiting
389:such as
217:B. canis
197:B. canis
169:Brucella
142:zoonosis
68:Symptoms
7139:Ecthyma
7050:Abscess
6978:Chancre
6894:Q fever
6481:Leprosy
6433:related
5956:Cholera
5902:Q fever
5505:O104:H4
5500:O157:H7
5154:Either
4783:Spotted
4196:Q fever
4181:Anthrax
4102:med/248
4056:D002006
3623:3417395
3463:8158553
3129:2386505
3109:Bibcode
3045:1528431
2564:3320509
2515:6532606
2475:1420670
2331:6497230
2239:2931435
2190:2911177
2150:5068325
2013:1240100
1859:3134761
1771:June 5,
1745:June 5,
1633:red fox
1629:coyotes
1577:B. ceti
1573:B. ceti
1569:B. ceti
1565:B. ceti
1560:B. ceti
1544:B. ceti
1536:B. ceti
1527:B. ceti
1514:uveitis
1506:scrotal
1494:kidneys
1411:B. suis
1405:B. ovis
1365:anthrax
1334:group:
1301:B. suis
1163:British
1122:History
1057:B. ovis
1012:Ireland
1000:endemic
932:Lanzhou
621:B. suis
598:disease
540:B. suis
478:uveitis
375:myalgia
360:febrile
311:scholar
225:B. suis
205:B. suis
7134:Pimple
6909:Plague
6574:Others
6389:Others
5678:Plague
5641:boydii
5633:sonnei
4734:Typhus
4327:Typhus
4292:Plague
4091:000597
3969:
3931:PATRIC
3833:
3777:
3759:
3706:
3630:
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3364:498028
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2770:2 June
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1496:, and
1466:, and
1422:Cattle
1186:Danish
1179:coccus
1110:) and
986:
980:
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968:
962:
947:Europe
913:Canada
771:cheese
696:, and
666:(e.g.
528:anemia
524:fevers
429:, and
399:nausea
354:System
313:
306:
299:
292:
284:
203:, and
159:, and
6993:Bejel
6988:Pinta
6961:Other
6831:Gamma
6639:Alpha
6075:HACEK
5855:HACEK
5795:HACEK
5306:HACEK
4785:fever
4307:Ricin
4252:CHIKV
3942:from
3935:NIAID
3811:(PDF)
3786:(PDF)
3745:(PDF)
3715:(PDF)
3684:(PDF)
3606:: 3.
3535:(PDF)
3524:(PDF)
3343:JSTOR
3251:(PDF)
3232:Malta
3230:(2).
3220:(PDF)
3136:(PDF)
3125:JSTOR
3097:(PDF)
3079:(PDF)
3072:(PDF)
2146:S2CID
2062:S2CID
1819:(PDF)
1812:(PDF)
1713:(PDF)
1694:Malta
1692:(1).
1682:(PDF)
1311:near
1155:Malta
1104:bison
994:Malta
926:China
813:cells
645:ELISA
613:than
492:Cause
318:JSTOR
304:books
233:joint
140:is a
6983:Yaws
6778:Beta
5621:H2Sâ
5587:H2S+
5578:Lacâ
5430:Lac+
4124:1304
4067:1716
4051:MeSH
4040:9-CM
4015:1B95
3967:PMID
3831:PMID
3775:PMID
3704:PMID
3628:PMID
3575:ISBN
3553:ISBN
3494:ISSN
3490:Time
3468:PMID
3431:link
3384:ISBN
3351:OCLC
3335:ISSN
3293:OCLC
3240:ISSN
3050:PMID
2851:ISBN
2807:PMID
2772:2021
2700:ISBN
2631:PMID
2596:PMID
2569:PMID
2520:PMID
2471:PMID
2436:PMID
2395:PMID
2377:ISSN
2336:PMID
2285:PMID
2244:PMID
2195:PMID
2138:PMID
2097:PMID
2054:PMID
2018:PMID
2000:OCLC
1956:PMID
1908:ISBN
1864:PMID
1838:CMAJ
1773:2022
1747:2022
1702:ISSN
1631:and
1550:and
1480:dogs
1474:Dogs
887:US$
803:and
619:or
542:and
503:and
393:and
381:and
373:and
290:news
235:and
231:and
149:milk
5420:OXâ
5158:or
4332:WEE
4312:RVF
4287:VND
4262:EEE
4242:BHF
4237:AHF
4216:VEE
4045:023
4036:ICD
4030:A23
4021:ICD
4006:ICD
3959:doi
3823:doi
3767:doi
3696:doi
3618:PMC
3608:doi
3458:PMC
3413:doi
3359:PMC
3327:doi
3323:329
3185:at
3117:doi
3040:PMC
3032:doi
2880:RTĂ
2799:doi
2623:doi
2559:PMC
2551:doi
2510:PMC
2502:doi
2463:doi
2426:doi
2385:PMC
2367:doi
2326:PMC
2316:doi
2275:doi
2234:PMC
2226:doi
2185:PMC
2177:doi
2128:doi
2089:doi
2046:doi
2008:PMC
1992:doi
1900:doi
1854:PMC
1846:doi
1842:183
1149:in
1112:elk
728:PCR
658:of
637:SAT
553:to
441:or
273:by
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