The following are former United States district courts, which ceased to exist because they were subdivided into smaller units. With the exception of California, each of these courts initially covered an entire U.S. state, and was subdivided as the jurisdictions which they covered increased in population. Two of the district courtsβthose of South Carolina and New Jerseyβwere subdivided but later recreated. Every change to the divisions and boundaries of these courts is effected by an act of the United States Congress, and for each such action, the statutory reference is identified.
Alabama
The United States District Court for the District of Alabama was created on April 21, 1820, by 3 Stat. 564. It was subdivided into Northern and Southern Districts on March 10, 1824, by 4 Stat. 9. The Middle District was subsequently formed from parts of these two districts on February 6, 1839, by 5 Stat. 315, with legislation specifying that the Middle District Court was to be held at Tuscaloosa, the Northern District Court at Huntsville, and the Southern District Court at Mobile. The Districts were reorganized on August 7, 1848. Only one judge was ever appointed to the District of Alabama.
# | Judge | State | Bornβdied | Active service | Chief Judge | Senior status | Appointed by | Reason for termination |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Charles Tait | AL | 1768β1835 | 1820β1824 | β | β | Monroe | reassignment to N.D. Ala. and S.D. Ala. |
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Arkansas
Arkansas, originally part of the Louisiana Purchase, became part of the Missouri Territory in 1812, when Louisiana became a state. When Missouri became a state in 1819, a territorial government, including a territorial court, was organized for Arkansas, taking effect on July 4, 1819. The United States District Court for the District of Arkansas was established with a single judge when Arkansas became a state, on June 15, 1836, by 5 Stat. 50, 51. The court was subdivided into Eastern and the Western Districts on March 3, 1851, by 9 Stat. 594.
# | Judge | State | Bornβdied | Active service | Chief Judge | Senior status | Appointed by | Reason for termination |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Benjamin Johnson | AR | 1784β1849 | 1836β1849 | β | β | Jackson | death |
2 | Daniel Ringo | AR | 1803β1873 | 1849β1851 | β | β | Taylor | reassignment to E.D. Ark. and W.D. Ark. |
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California
The United States District Court for the District of California existed from 1866 to 1886. California was admitted as a state on September 9, 1850, and was initially divided into two districts, the Northern and the Southern, by Act of Congress approved September 28 9 Stat. 521. The boundary line was at the 37th parallel north. The creating act provided that:
- In addition to the ordinary jurisdiction and powers of a District Court of the United States, with which the Southern District Court of New York has been invested, the said Courts be and hereby are invested respectively within the limits of its district with the exercise of concurrent jurisdiction and power in all civil cases now exercised by the Circuit Courts of the United States; and that in all cases where said Courts shall exercise such jurisdiction, appeals may be taken from the judgments, orders or decrees of said Courts to the Supreme Court of the United States.
On February 27, 1851, President Millard Fillmore appointed Ogden Hoffman Jr., as the judge presiding over the Northern District. The Act of August 31, 1852, made the Judge of the Northern District be Judge of the Southern District as well until otherwise provided, by 10 Stat. 76, 84, effectively creating a single District in all but name until an Act of January 18, 1854 provided for the appointment of a Judge for the Southern District. The Southern District of California was abolished and the State made to constitute one district by Act of Congress approved July 27, 1866, 14 Stat. 300.
Twenty years later, on August 5, 1886, Congress re-created the Southern District of California (and, by extension, the Northern District) by 24 Stat. 308. Hoffman, who had continued serving as the sole district judge, again became judge of the Northern district only, there continuing in service for five more years. Erskine Mayo Ross was appointed Judge of the new Southern District and served until his promotion to the Circuit Judgeship, when he was succeeded by Olin Wellborn.
On March 18, 1966, the Eastern and Central Districts were created from portions of the Northern and Southern Districts by 80 Stat. 75.
# | Judge | State | Bornβdied | Active service | Chief Judge | Senior status | Appointed by | Reason for termination |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Ogden Hoffman Jr. | CA | 1822β1891 | 1866β1886 | β | β | Fillmore / Operation of law | reassignment to N.D. Cal. |
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Florida
On the same day that Florida was admitted as a state, March 3, 1845, Congress enacted legislation creating the United States District Court for the District of Florida, 5 Stat. 788. On February 23, 1847, 9 Stat. 131 divided the jurisdiction of this court between the Northern District and a Southern District Courts with the boundary between as:
- hat part of the State of Florida lying south of a line drawn due east and west from the northern point of Charlotte Harbor, including the islands, keys, reefs, shoals, harbors, bays and inlets, south of said line, shall be erected into a new judicial district, to be called the Southern District of Florida; a District Court shall be held in said Southern District, to consist of one judge, who shall reside at Key West, in said district...
The same statute directed the Northern District to hold court at Apalachicola, Florida, and Pensacola, Florida.
On July 30, 1962, the Middle District was created from portions of the other districts by 76 Stat. 247.
# | Judge | State | Bornβdied | Active service | Chief Judge | Senior status | Appointed by | Reason for termination |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Isaac H. Bronson | FL | 1802β1855 | 1846β1847 | β | β | Polk | reassignment to N.D. Fla. |
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Georgia
The United States District Court for the District of Georgia was one of the original 13 courts established by the Judiciary Act of 1789, 1 Stat. 73, on September 24, 1789. The District was subdivided into Northern and Southern Districts on August 11, 1848, by 9 Stat. 280. The Middle District was formed from portions of those two Districts on May 28, 1926, by 44 Stat. 670.
# | Judge | State | Bornβdied | Active service | Chief Judge | Senior status | Appointed by | Reason for termination |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Nathaniel Pendleton | GA | 1756β1821 | 1789β1796 | β | β | Washington | resignation |
2 | Joseph Clay Jr. | GA | 1764β1811 | 1796β1801 | β | β | Washington | resignation |
3 | William Stephens | GA | 1752β1819 | 1801β1818 | β | β | Jefferson | resignation |
4 | William Davies | GA | 1775β1829 | 1819β1821 | β | β | Monroe | resignation |
5 | Jeremiah La Touche Cuyler | GA | 1768β1839 | 1821β1839 | β | β | Monroe | death |
6 | John Cochran Nicoll | GA | 1793β1863 | 1839β1848 | β | β | Van Buren | reassignment to N.D. Ga. and S.D. Ga. |
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Illinois
The United States District Court for the District of Illinois was established by a statute passed by the United States Congress on March 3, 1819, 3 Stat. 502. The act established a single office for a judge to preside over the court. Initially, the court was not within any existing judicial circuit, and appeals from the court were taken directly to the United States Supreme Court. In 1837, Congress created the United States Court of Appeals for the Seventh Circuit, placing it in Chicago, Illinois and giving it jurisdiction over the District of Illinois, 5 Stat. 176. The District itself was eliminated by a statute passed on February 13, 1855, 10 Stat. 606, under which it was subdivided into the Northern and the Southern Districts. The boundaries of the District and the seats of the courts were set forth in the statute:
- The counties of Hancock, McDonough, Peoria, Woodford, Livingston, and Iroquois, and all the counties in the said State north of them, shall compose one district, to be called the northern district of Illinois, and courts shall be held for the said district at the city of Chicago; and the residue of the counties of the said State shall compose another district, to be called the southern district of Illinois, and courts shall be held for the same at the city of Springfield.
The district has since been re-organized several times. The United States District Court for the Eastern District of Illinois was created on March 3, 1905, by 33 Stat. 992, by splitting counties out of the Northern and Southern Districts. It was later eliminated in a reorganization on October 2, 1978, which replaced it with a Central District, 92 Stat. 883, also formed from parts of the Northern and Southern Districts.
# | Judge | State | Bornβdied | Active service | Chief Judge | Senior status | Appointed by | Reason for termination |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Nathaniel Pope | IL | 1784β1850 | 1819β1850 | β | β | Monroe | death |
2 | Thomas Drummond | IL | 1809β1890 | 1850β1855 | β | β | Taylor | reassignment to N.D. Ill. |
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Indiana
The United States District Court for the District of Indiana was established on March 3, 1817, by 3 Stat. 390. The District was subdivided into Northern and Southern Districts on April 21, 1928, by 45 Stat. 437. Of all district courts that have been subdivided, Indiana existed for the longest time as a single court, 111 years.
# | Judge | State | Bornβdied | Active service | Chief Judge | Senior status | Appointed by | Reason for termination |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Benjamin Parke | IN | 1777β1835 | 1817β1835 | β | β | Monroe | death |
2 | Jesse Lynch Holman | IN | 1784β1842 | 1835β1842 | β | β | Jackson | death |
3 | Elisha Mills Huntington | IN | 1806β1862 | 1842β1862 | β | β | Tyler | death |
4 | Caleb Blood Smith | IN | 1808β1864 | 1862β1864 | β | β | Lincoln | death |
5 | Albert Smith White | IN | 1803β1864 | 1864 | β | β | Lincoln | death |
6 | David McDonald | IN | 1803β1869 | 1864β1869 | β | β | Lincoln | death |
7 | Walter Q. Gresham | IN | 1832β1895 | 1869β1883 | β | β | Grant | resignation |
8 | William Allen Woods | IN | 1837β1901 | 1883β1892 | β | β | Arthur | elevation to 7th Cir. |
9 | John Baker | IN | 1832β1915 | 1892β1902 | β | β | B. Harrison | retirement |
10 | Albert B. Anderson | IN | 1857β1938 | 1902β1925 | β | β | T. Roosevelt | elevation to 7th Cir. |
11 | Robert C. Baltzell | IN | 1879β1950 | 1925β1928 | β | β | Coolidge | reassignment to S.D. Ind. |
12 | Thomas Whitten Slick | IN | 1869β1959 | 1925β1928 | β | β | Coolidge | reassignment to N.D. Ind. |
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Iowa
The United States District Court for the District of Iowa was established on March 3, 1845, by 5 Stat. 789. The District was subdivided into Northern and Southern Districts on July 20, 1882, by 22 Stat. 172.
# | Judge | State | Bornβdied | Active service | Chief Judge | Senior status | Appointed by | Reason for termination |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | John James Dyer | IA | 1809β1855 | 1847β1855 | β | β | Polk | death |
2 | James M. Love | IA | 1820β1891 | 1855β1882 | β | β | Pierce | reassignment to S.D. Iowa |
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Kentucky
The United States District Court for the District of Kentucky was part of one of the original 13 courts established by the Judiciary Act of 1789, 1 Stat. 73, on September 24, 1789. At the time, Kentucky was not yet a state, but was within the territory of the state of Virginia. The District was unchanged when Kentucky became a state on June 1, 1792. On February 13, 1801, the Judiciary Act of 1801, 2 Stat. 89, abolished the U.S. district court in Kentucky, but the repeal of this Act restored the District on March 8, 1802, 2 Stat. 132. The District was subdivided into Eastern and Western Districts on February 12, 1901, by 31 Stat. 781.
# | Judge | State | Bornβdied | Active service | Chief Judge | Senior status | Appointed by | Reason for termination |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Harry Innes | KY | 1752β1816 | 1789β1816 | β | β | Washington | death |
2 | Robert Trimble | KY | 1776β1828 | 1817β1826 | β | β | Madison | elevation to Supreme Court |
3 | John Boyle | KY | 1774β1834 | 1826β1834 | β | β | J.Q. Adams | death |
4 | Thomas Bell Monroe | KY | 1791β1865 | 1834β1861 | β | β | Jackson | resignation |
5 | Bland Ballard | KY | 1819β1879 | 1861β1879 | β | β | Lincoln | death |
6 | William Hercules Hays | KY | 1820β1880 | 1879β1880 | β | β | Hayes | death |
7 | John W. Barr | KY | 1826β1907 | 1880β1899 | β | β | Hayes | retirement |
8 | Walter Evans | KY | 1842β1923 | 1899β1901 | β | β | McKinley | reassignment to W.D. Ky. |
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Louisiana
On March 26, 1804, Congress organized the Territory of Orleans and created the United States District Court for the District of Orleans β the first time Congress provided a territory with a district court equal in its authority and jurisdiction to those of the states. The United States District Court for the District of Louisiana was established on April 8, 1812, by 2 Stat. 701, several weeks before Louisiana was formally admitted as a state of the union. The District was thereafter subdivided and reformed several times. It was first subdivided into Eastern and Western Districts on March 3, 1823, by 3 Stat. 774.
On February 13, 1845, Louisiana was reorganized into a single District with one judgeship, by 5 Stat. 722, but was again divided into Eastern and the Western Districts on March 3, 1849, by 9 Stat. 401. Congress again abolished the Western District of Louisiana and reorganized Louisiana as a single judicial district on July 27, 1866, by 14 Stat. 300. On March 3, 1881, by 21 Stat. 507, Louisiana was for a third time divided into Eastern and the Western Districts, with one judgeship authorized for each. The Middle District was formed from portions of those two Districts on December 18, 1971, by 85 Stat. 741.
During the course of its frequent subdivisions and reunifications, four judges served as judge of the District of Louisiana: Dominic Augustin Hall, (1812β1820), John Dick, (1821β1823), Theodore Howard McCaleb (1845β1849), and Edward Henry Durell (1866β1874). Hall was appointed to the District of Louisiana twice. He briefly resigned from the District Court to serve as a Justice of the Louisiana Supreme Court. He was shortly thereafter reappointed to the same seat on the District Court, which had remained vacant in his absence.
# | Judge | State | Bornβdied | Active service | Chief Judge | Senior status | Appointed by | Reason for termination |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Dominic Augustin Hall | LA | 1765β1820 | 1812β1813 1813β1820 |
β | β | Madison Madison |
resignation death |
2 | John Dick | LA | 1788β1824 | 1820β1823 | β | β | Monroe | reassignment to E.D. La. and W.D. La. |
3 | Theodore Howard McCaleb | LA | 1810β1864 | 1845β1849 | β | β | Tyler/Operation of law | reassignment to E.D. La. |
4 | Edward Henry Durell | LA | 1810β1887 | 1866β1874 | β | β | Lincoln/Operation of law | resignation |
5 | Edward Coke Billings | LA | 1829β1893 | 1876β1881 | β | β | Grant | reassignment to E.D. La. |
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Michigan
The United States District Court for the District of Michigan was established on July 1, 1836, by 5 Stat. 61, with a single judgeship. The district court was not assigned to a judicial circuit, but was granted the same jurisdiction as United States circuit courts, except in appeals and writs of error, which were the jurisdiction of the Supreme Court. Due to the so-called "Toledo War", a boundary dispute with Ohio, Michigan did not become a state of the Union until January 26, 1837. On March 3, 1837, Congress passed an act that repealed the circuit court jurisdiction of the U.S. District Court for the District of Michigan, assigned the District of Michigan to the Seventh Circuit, and established a U.S. circuit court for the district, 5 Stat. 176.
On July 15, 1862, Congress reorganized the circuits and assigned Michigan to the Eighth Circuit by 12 Stat. 576, and on January 28, 1863, the Congress again reorganized the Seventh and Eight Circuits and assigned Michigan to the Seventh Circuit, by 12 Stat. 637. On February 24, 1863, Congress divided the District of Michigan into the Eastern and the Western Districts, with one judgeship authorized for each district, by 12 Stat. 660.
Ross Wilkins was the only district judge to serve the District of Michigan. He was nominated by President Andrew Jackson on July 2, 1836, to the newly created seat, and was confirmed by the United States Senate on July 2, 1836. He received his commission on January 26, 1837. Upon termination of the District of Michigan, Wilkins was reassigned to the Eastern District of Michigan.
# | Judge | State | Bornβdied | Active service | Chief Judge | Senior status | Appointed by | Reason for termination |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Ross Wilkins | MI | 1799β1872 | 1837β1863 | β | β | Jackson | reassignment to E.D. Mich. |
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Mississippi
The United States District Court for the District of Mississippi was established on April 3, 1818, by 3 Stat. 413. It existed for over twenty years, and was subdivided into Northern and Southern Districts on June 18, 1838, by 5 Stat. 247:
- The State of Mississippi, at the date of the act of March 3, 1837... constituted one district, in which the District Court was invested with the powers of a Circuit Court. By that act the extraordinary jurisdiction of the District Court was abrogated. But by the acts of June 18, 1838, and of February 16, 1839, the district of Mississippi was divided into two districts, the Northern and Southern; and by the latter act the powers of a Circuit Court were conferred on the District Court for the Northern District.
# | Judge | State | Bornβdied | Active service | Chief Judge | Senior status | Appointed by | Reason for termination |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | William Bayard Shields | MS | 1780β1823 | 1818β1823 | β | β | Monroe | death |
2 | Peter Randolph | MS | 1779β1832 | 1823β1832 | β | β | Monroe | death |
3 | Powhatan Ellis | MS | 1790β1863 | 1832β1836 | β | β | Jackson | resignation |
4 | George Adams | MS | 1784β1844 | 1836β1858 | β | β | Jackson | reassignment to N.D. Miss. and S.D. Miss. |
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Missouri
The United States District Court for the District of Missouri was established on March 16, 1822, by 3 Stat. 653. However, an act of Congress passed in 1845 and upheld by the United States Supreme Court in 1851, extending federal admiralty jurisdiction to inland waterways, resulted in a substantial increase in the number of admiralty cases arising from traffic on the Mississippi River. These disputes involved "contracts of affreightment, collisions, mariners' wages, and other causes of admiralty jurisdiction", and litigants of matters arising in the port city of St. Louis found it inconvenient to travel far inland to Jefferson City for their cases to be tried. The District was therefore subdivided into Eastern and Western Districts on March 3, 1857, by 11 Stat. 197.
# | Judge | State | Bornβdied | Active service | Chief Judge | Senior status | Appointed by | Reason for termination |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | James H. Peck | MO | 1790β1836 | 1822β1836 | β | β | Monroe | death |
2 | Robert William Wells | MO | 1795β1864 | 1836β1857 | β | β | Jackson | reassignment to W.D. Mo. |
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New Jersey
The United States District Court for the District of New Jersey was one of the original 13 courts established by the Judiciary Act of 1789, 1 Stat. 73, on September 24, 1789. The District was subdivided into the United States District Court for the Eastern District of New Jersey and the United States District Court for the Western District of New Jersey on February 13, 1801, by the Judiciary Act of 1801, 2 Stat. 89, with the judicial districts being headquartered in New Brunswick and Burlington, respectively. The repeal of the 1801 Act on March 8, 1802, by 2 Stat. 132, restored New Jersey as a single judicial district. The only judge to serve on the briefly subdivided courts was Robert Morris, who had begun serving as a recess appointment to the District of New Jersey on August 28, 1790 and continued serving after the restoration of the single court, until June 2, 1815.
# | Judge | State | Bornβdied | Active service | Chief Judge | Senior status | Appointed by | Reason for termination |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Robert Morris | NJ | 1745β1815 | 1801β1802 | β | β | Washington/Operation of law | reassignment to D.N.J. |
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New York
The United States District Court for the District of New York was one of the original 13 courts established by the Judiciary Act of 1789, 1 Stat. 73, on September 24, 1789. It existed for nearly twenty-five years before, on April 9, 1814, New York was divided into Northern and Southern Districts by 3 Stat. 120. These Districts were later further subdivided with the creation of Eastern District on February 25, 1865 by 13 Stat. 438, and the Western District on May 12, 1900, by 31 Stat. 175.
# | Judge | State | Bornβdied | Active service | Chief Judge | Senior status | Appointed by | Reason for termination |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | James Duane | NY | 1733β1797 | 1789β1794 | β | β | Washington | resignation |
2 | John Laurance | NY | 1750β1810 | 1794β1796 | β | β | Washington | resignation |
3 | Robert Troup | NY | 1757β1832 | 1796β1798 | β | β | Washington | resignation |
4 | John Sloss Hobart | NY | 1738β1805 | 1798β1805 | β | β | J. Adams | death |
5 | Matthias B. Tallmadge | NY | 1774β1819 | 1805β1812 | β | β | Jefferson | reassignment to N.D.N.Y. |
6 | William P. Van Ness | NY | 1778β1826 | 1812β1814 | β | β | Madison | reassignment to S.D.N.Y. |
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North Carolina
The United States District Court for the District of North Carolina has a unique history among defunct district courts. It was established on June 4, 1790, by 1 Stat. 126. On June 9, 1794 it was subdivided into three districts by 1 Stat. 395, but on March 3, 1797, the three districts were abolished and the single District restored by 1 Stat. 517, until April 29, 1802, when the state was again subdivided into three different districts by 2 Stat. 156.
In both instances, these districts, unlike those with geographic designations that existed in other states, were titled by the names of the cities in which the courts sat. After the first division, they were styled the District of Edenton, the District of New Bern, and the District of Wilmington; after the second division, they were styled the District of Albemarle, the District of Cape Fear, and the District of Pamptico. However, in both instances, only one judge was authorized to serve all three districts, causing them to effectively operate as a single district. The latter combination was occasionally referred to by the cumbersome title of the United States District Court for the Albemarle, Cape Fear & Pamptico Districts of North Carolina. Judge Henry Potter's 55 years of service on this court during the period in which the state contained a single district, from April 1802 to December 1857, represents one of the longest terms ever held by a United States federal judge.
On June 4, 1872, North Carolina was re-divided into two Districts, Eastern and Western, by 17 Stat. 215. The Middle District was created from portions of the Eastern and Western Districts on March 2, 1927, by 44 Stat. 1339.
# | Judge | State | Bornβdied | Active service | Chief Judge | Senior status | Appointed by | Reason for termination |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | John Stokes | NC | 1756β1790 | 1790 | β | β | Washington | death |
2 | John Sitgreaves | NC | 1757β1802 | 1790β1802 | β | β | Washington | death |
3 | Henry Potter | NC | 1766β1857 | 1802β1857 | β | β | Jefferson | death |
4 | Asa Biggs | NC | 1811β1878 | 1858β1861 | β | β | Buchanan | resignation |
5 | George Washington Brooks | NC | 1821β1882 | 1865β1872 | β | β | A. Johnson | reassignment to E.D.N.C |
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Ohio
The United States District Court for the District of Ohio was established on February 19, 1803, by 2 Stat. 201. The District was subdivided into Northern and Southern Districts on February 10, 1855, by 10 Stat. 604.
# | Judge | State | Bornβdied | Active service | Chief Judge | Senior status | Appointed by | Reason for termination |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Charles Willing Byrd | OH | 1756β1790 | 1803β1828 | β | β | Jefferson | death |
2 | William Creighton Jr. | OH | 1778β1851 | 1828β1829 | β | β | J.Q. Adams | not confirmed |
3 | John Wilson Campbell | OH | 1782β1833 | 1829β1833 | β | β | Jackson | death |
4 | Benjamin Tappan | OH | 1773β1857 | 1833β1834 | β | β | Jackson | not confirmed |
5 | Humphrey H. Leavitt | OH | 1796β1873 | 1834β1855 | β | β | Jackson | reassignment to S.D. Ohio |
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Term start | Term end | United States Attorney |
---|---|---|
1802 | 1803 | William McMillan |
1803 | 1804 | Michael Baldwin |
1804 | 1810 | William Creighton Jr. |
1810 | 1818 | Samuel Herrick |
1818 | 1823 | John Crafts Wright |
1823 | 1830 | Joseph Benham |
1830 | 1839 | Noah Haynes Swayne |
1839 | 1841 | Israel Hamilton |
1841 | 1846 | Charles Anthony |
1846 | 1850 | Thomas W. Bartley |
1850 | 1854 | Samson Mason |
1854 | 1855 | Daniel O. Morton |
Pennsylvania
The United States District Court for the District of Pennsylvania was one of the original 13 courts established by the Judiciary Act of 1789, 1 Stat. 73, on September 24, 1789. It was subdivided on April 20, 1818, by 3 Stat. 462, into the Eastern and Western Districts, to be headquartered in Philadelphia and Pittsburgh, respectively. Portions of these districts were subsequently subdivided into the Middle District on March 2, 1901, by 31 Stat. 880.
# | Judge | State | Bornβdied | Active service | Chief Judge | Senior status | Appointed by | Reason for termination |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Francis Hopkinson | PA | 1737β1791 | 1789β1791 | β | β | Washington | death |
2 | William Lewis | PA | 1752β1819 | 1791β1792 | β | β | Washington | resignation |
3 | Richard Peters | PA | 1744β1828 | 1792β1818 | β | β | Washington | reassignment to E.D. Pa. |
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South Carolina
The United States District Court for the District of South Carolina was one of the original 13 courts established by the Judiciary Act of 1789, 1 Stat. 73, on September 24, 1789. It was subdivided into the United States District Court for the Eastern District of South Carolina and the United States District Court for the Western District of South Carolina Districts on February 21, 1823 by 3 Stat. 726. The Eastern District was headquartered at Florence, and the Western District was headquartered in Greenville. The division was solely for the purposes of holding court β a single judge presided over both districts, and the act authorized no additional court staff.
In 1898 the United States Supreme Court held in Barrett v. United States that South Carolina legally constituted a single judicial district. Congress made a more explicit effort to subdivide the District on March 3, 1911, by 36 Stat. 1087, 36 Stat. 1123. South Carolina was again Eastern and the Western Districts, with one judgeship authorized to serve both districts, effective January 1, 1912. Congress finally authorized an additional judgeship for the Western District, and assigned the sitting judge exclusively to the Eastern District, on March 3, 1915, by 38 Stat. 961. However, on October 7, 1965, by 79 Stat. 951, South Carolina was reorganized as a single judicial district with four judgeships authorized for the district court, and it has since remained a single District.
Judges of the Eastern District of South Carolina:
# | Judge | State | Bornβdied | Active service | Chief Judge | Senior status | Appointed by | Reason for termination |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Henry Augustus Middleton Smith | SC | 1853β1923 | 1912β1923 | β | β | Taft/Operation of law | death |
2 | Ernest Ford Cochran | SC | 1865β1934 | 1923β1934 | β | β | Coolidge | death |
3 | John Lyles Glenn Jr. | SC | 1892β1938 | 1929β1938 | β | β | Hoover | death |
4 | Francis Kerschner Myers | SC | 1874β1940 | 1934β1940 | β | β | F. Roosevelt | death |
5 | Alva M. Lumpkin | SC | 1886β1941 | 1939β1941 | β | β | F. Roosevelt | death |
6 | George Bell Timmerman Sr. | SC | 1881β1966 | 1942β1962 | 1952β1962 | 1962β1965 | F. Roosevelt | reassignment to D.S.C. |
7 | Julius Waties Waring | SC | 1880β1968 | 1942β1952 | 1948β1952 | 1952β1965 | F. Roosevelt | reassignment to D.S.C. |
8 | Ashton Hilliard Williams | SC | 1891β1962 | 1952β1962 | β | β | Truman | death |
9 | James Robert Martin Jr. | SC | 1909β1984 | 1961β1965 | β | β | Kennedy | reassignment to D.S.C. |
10 | Robert W. Hemphill | SC | 1915β1984 | 1964β1965 | 1964β1965 | β | L. Johnson | reassignment to D.S.C. |
11 | Charles Earl Simons Jr. | SC | 1916β1999 | 1964β1965 | β | β | L. Johnson | reassignment to D.S.C. |
Chief Judge | |||
---|---|---|---|
Waring | 1948β1952 | ||
Timmerman | 1952β1962 | ||
Hemphill | 1964β1965 | ||
Abolished on November 1, 1965 by 79 Stat. 951 |
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Judges of the Western District of South Carolina:
# | Judge | State | Bornβdied | Active service | Chief Judge | Senior status | Appointed by | Reason for termination |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Henry Augustus Middleton Smith | SC | 1853β1923 | 1912β1915 | β | β | Taft/Operation of law | seat abolished |
2 | Joseph T. Johnson | SC | 1858β1919 | 1915β1919 | β | β | Wilson | death |
3 | Henry Hitt Watkins | SC | 1866β1947 | 1919β1936 | β | 1936β1947 | Wilson | death |
4 | John Lyles Glenn Jr. | SC | 1892β1938 | 1929β1938 | β | β | Hoover | death |
4 | Charles Cecil Wyche | SC | 1885β1966 | 1937β1965 | 1948β1962 | β | F. Roosevelt | reassignment to D.S.C. |
5 | Alva M. Lumpkin | SC | 1886β1941 | 1939β1941 | β | β | F. Roosevelt | death |
6 | George Bell Timmerman Sr. | SC | 1881β1966 | 1942β1962 | β | 1962β1965 | F. Roosevelt | reassignment to D.S.C. |
7 | James Robert Martin Jr. | SC | 1909β1984 | 1961β1965 | 1962β1965 | β | Kennedy | reassignment to D.S.C. |
8 | Robert W. Hemphill | SC | 1915β1984 | 1964β1965 | β | β | L. Johnson | reassignment to D.S.C. |
Chief Judge | |||
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Wyche | 1948β1962 | ||
Martin | 1962β1965 | ||
Abolished on November 1, 1965 by 79 Stat. 951 |
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Tennessee
The United States District Court for the District of Tennessee was established with one judgeship on January 31, 1797, by 1 Stat. 496. The judgeship was filled by President George Washington's appointment of John McNairy. Since Congress failed to assign the district to a circuit, the court had the jurisdiction of both a district court and a circuit court. Appeals from this one district court went directly to the United States Supreme Court.
On February 13, 1801, in the famous "Midnight Judges" Act of 1801, 2 Stat. 89, Congress abolished the U.S. district court in Tennessee, and expanded the number of circuits to six, provided for independent circuit court judgeships, and abolished the necessity of Supreme Court Justices riding the circuits. It was this legislation which created the grandfather of the present Sixth Circuit. The act provided for a "Sixth Circuit" comprising two districts in the State of Tennessee, one district in the State of Kentucky and one district, called the Ohio District, composed of the Ohio and Indiana territories (the latter including the present State of Michigan). The new Sixth Circuit Court was to be held at "Bairdstown" in the District of Kentucky, at Knoxville in the District of East Tennessee, at Nashville in the District of West Tennessee, and at Cincinnati in the District of Ohio. Unlike the other circuits which were provided with three circuit judges, the Sixth Circuit was to have only one circuit judge with district judges from Kentucky and Tennessee comprising the rest of the court. Any two judges constituted a quorum. New circuit judgeships were to be created as district judgeships in Kentucky and Tennessee became vacant.
The repeal of this Act restored the District on March 8, 1802, 2 Stat. 132. The District was divided into the Eastern and Western Districts on April 29, 1802. On February 24, 1807, Congress again abolished the two districts and created the United States Circuit for the District of Tennessee. On March 3, 1837, Congress assigned the judicial district of Tennessee to the Eighth Circuit. On June 18, 1839, by 5 Stat. 313, Congress divided Tennessee into three districts, Eastern, Middle, and Western. Again, only one judgeship was allotted for all three districts. On July 15, 1862, Congress reassigned appellate jurisdiction to the Sixth Circuit. Finally, on June 14, 1878, Congress authorized a separate judgeship for each district of Tennessee.
# | Judge | State | Bornβdied | Active service | Chief Judge | Senior status | Appointed by | Reason for termination |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | John McNairy | TN | 1762β1837 | 1797β1802 | β | β | Washington | reassignment to E.D. Tenn. and W.D. Tenn. |
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Texas
The United States District Court for the District of Texas was established on December 29, 1845, by 9 Stat. 1. and based in Galveston, then the largest city in the state. John Charles Watrous, appointed to the court by President James K. Polk in May 1846, was the only federal judge to sit for the district. The District was subdivided into Eastern and Western Districts on February 21, 1857, by 11 Stat. 164. When the District was subdivided, Watrous continued as judge for the Eastern District only, while Thomas Howard DuVal was appointed to the Western District. Watrous continued serving in the Eastern District until 1870. From these Districts, Texas was further subdivided with the creation of a Northern District on February 24, 1879, by 20 Stat. 318. The new Southern District was created on March 11, 1902, by 32 Stat. 64.
# | Judge | State | Bornβdied | Active service | Chief Judge | Senior status | Appointed by | Reason for termination |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | John Charles Watrous | TX | 1801β1874 | 1846β1857 | β | β | Polk | reassignment to E.D. Tex. |
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Virginia
The United States District Court for the District of Virginia was one of the original 13 courts established by the Judiciary Act of 1789, 1 Stat. 73, on September 24, 1789.
On February 13, 1801, the Judiciary Act of 1801, 2 Stat. 89, divided Virginia into three judicial districts: the District of Virginia, which included the counties west of the Tidewater and south of the Rappahannock River; the District of Norfolk, which included the Tidewater counties south of the Rappahannock; and the District of Potomac, which included the counties north and east of the Rappahannock as well as Maryland counties along the Potomac. Just over a year later, on March 8, 1802, the Judiciary Act of 1801 was repealed and Virginia became a single District again, 2 Stat. 132, effective July 1, 1802.
The District of Virginia was subdivided into Eastern and Western Districts on February 4, 1819, by 3 Stat. 478. At that time, West Virginia was still part of Virginia, and was encompassed in Virginia's Western District. With the division of West Virginia from Virginia during the American Civil War, the Western District of Virginia became the District of West Virginia, and those parts of the Western District that were not part of West Virginia were combined with the Eastern District to again form a single District of Virginia on June 11, 1864, by 13 Stat. 124. Congress again divided Virginia into Eastern and the Western Districts on February 3, 1871, by 16 Stat. 403.
# | Judge | State | Bornβdied | Active service | Chief Judge | Senior status | Appointed by | Reason for termination |
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1 | Cyrus Griffin | VA | 1748β1810 | 1789β1810 | β | β | Washington | death |
2 | John Tyler Sr. | VA | 1747β1812 | 1811β1813 | β | β | Madison | death |
3 | St. George Tucker | VA | 1810β1864 | 1813β1819 | β | β | Madison | reassignment to E.D. Va. |
4 | John Curtiss Underwood | VA | 1809β1873 | 1864β1871 | β | β | Lincoln/Operation of law | reassignment to E.D. Va. |
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Washington
The United States District Court for the District of Washington was established on April 5, 1890, by 26 Stat. 45. The District was subdivided into Eastern and Western Districts on March 2, 1905, by 33 Stat. 824. Only one judge was ever appointed to the District of Washington.
# | Judge | State | Bornβdied | Active service | Chief Judge | Senior status | Appointed by | Reason for termination |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Cornelius H. Hanford | WA | 1849β1926 | 1890β1905 | β | β | B. Harrison | reassignment to W.D. Wash. |
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West Virginia
West Virginia split from the state of Virginia during the American Civil War. At that time, Virginia was already divided into an Eastern and Western District. Congress reorganized the Western District of Virginia to conform to the boundaries of the new state of West Virginia, renaming it the United States District Court for the District of West Virginia on June 11, 1864, by 13 Stat. 124. This District was subdivided into Northern and Southern Districts on January 22, 1901, by 31 Stat. 736.
John Jay Jackson Jr., who had been appointed by Abraham Lincoln to what was then the Western District of Virginia, became the first judge of the District of West Virginia. He remained the only judge on that court until its subdivision.
# | Judge | State | Bornβdied | Active service | Chief Judge | Senior status | Appointed by | Reason for termination |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | John Jay Jackson Jr. | WV | 1824β1907 | 1864β1901 | β | β | Lincoln/Operation of law | reassignment to N.D. W. Va. |
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Wisconsin
The United States District Court for the District of Wisconsin was established on May 29, 1848, by 9 Stat. 233. It was subdivided into Eastern and Western Districts on June 30, 1870, by 16 Stat. 171. Only one judge was ever appointed to the District of Wisconsin.
# | Judge | State | Bornβdied | Active service | Chief Judge | Senior status | Appointed by | Reason for termination |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Andrew G. Miller | WI | 1801β1874 | 1848β1870 | β | β | Polk | reassignment to E.D. Wis. |
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See also
- List of courts of the United States
- List of United States district and territorial courts
- List of United States federal courthouses
References
- ^ Asbury Dickens, A Synoptical Index to the Laws and Treaties of the United States of America (1852), p. 390.
- ^ U.S. District Courts of Alabama, Legislative history, Federal Judicial Center.
- Alfred Conkling, A Treatise on the Organization, Jurisdiction and Practice of the Courts of the United States (1864), p. 178.
- ^ Asbury Dickens, A Synoptical Index to the Laws and Treaties of the United States of America (1852), p. 391.
- ^ Lynn Foster, Their Pride and Ornament: Judge Benjamin Johnson and the Federal Courts in Early Arkansas, 22 U. Ark. Little Rock L. Rev. 21 (1999).
- ^ U.S. District Courts of Arkansas, Legislative history, Federal Judicial Center.
- ^ Alfred Conkling, A Treatise on the Organization, Jurisdiction and Practice of the Courts of the United States (1864), p. 179.
- Recess appointment; formally nominated on December 21, 1849, confirmed by the United States Senate on June 10, 1850, and received commission on June 10, 1850.
- ^ U.S. District Courts of California, Legislative history, Federal Judicial Center.
- ^ Willoughby Rodman, History of the Bench and Bar of Southern California (1909), p. 46.
- Reassigned from the Northern District of California.
- ^ Asbury Dickens, A Synoptical Index to the Laws and Treaties of the United States of America (1852), p. 393.
- ^ U.S. District Courts of Florida, Legislative history, Federal Judicial Center.
- ^ U.S. District Courts of Georgia, Legislative history, Federal Judicial Center.
- Recess appointment; formally nominated on December 21, 1796, confirmed by the United States Senate on December 27, 1796, and received commission on January 2, 1797.
- Recess appointment; formally nominated on January 6, 1802, confirmed by the United States Senate on January 26, 1802, and received commission on January 26, 1802.
- Recess appointment; formally nominated on December 19, 1821, confirmed by the United States Senate on January 10, 1822, and received commission on January 10, 1822.
- Recess appointment; formally nominated on January 23, 1840, confirmed by the United States Senate on February 17, 1840, and received commission on February 17, 1840.
- ^ U.S. District Courts of Illinois, Legislative history, Federal Judicial Center.
- ^ Asbury Dickens, A Synoptical Index to the Laws and Treaties of the United States of America (1852), p. 392.
- ^ U.S. District Courts of Indiana, Legislative history, Federal Judicial Center.
- Recess appointment; formally nominated on March 21, 1836, confirmed by the United States Senate on March 29, 1836, and received commission on March 29, 1836.
- Recess appointment; formally nominated on December 6, 1869, confirmed by the United States Senate on December 21, 1869, and received commission on December 21, 1869.
- Recess appointment; formally nominated on December 18, 1883, confirmed by the United States Senate on January 7, 1884, and received commission on January 7, 1884.
- ^ Asbury Dickens, A Synoptical Index to the Laws and Treaties of the United States of America (1852), p. 394.
- ^ U.S. District Courts of Iowa, Legislative history, Federal Judicial Center.
- Recess appointment; formally nominated on February 7, 1856, confirmed by the United States Senate on February 25, 1856, and received commission on December 21, 1856.
- ^ U.S. District Courts of Kentucky, Legislative history, Federal Judicial Center.
- Recess appointment; formally nominated on December 13, 1826, confirmed by the United States Senate on February 12, 1827, and received commission on February 12, 1827.
- Recess appointment; formally nominated on December 9, 1861, confirmed by the United States Senate on January 22, 1862, and received commission on January 22, 1862.
- Recess appointment; formally nominated on December 1, 1879, confirmed by the United States Senate on December 10, 1879, and received commission on December 10, 1879.
- ^ U.S. District Courts of Louisiana, Legislative history, Federal Judicial Center.
- Judges of the District of Louisiana, Federal Judicial Center.
- Reassigned from the Eastern District of Louisiana and the Western District of Louisiana.
- Reassigned from the Eastern District of Louisiana.
- ^ U.S. District Courts of Michigan, Legislative history, Federal Judicial Center.
- Judges of the District of Michigan Archived 2008-09-16 at the Wayback Machine, Federal Judicial Center.
- ^ U.S. District Courts of Mississippi, Legislative history, Federal Judicial Center.
- ^ Alfred Conkling, A Treatise on the Organization, Jurisdiction and Practice of the Courts of the United States (1842), p. 42.
- Recess appointment; formally nominated on December 5, 1823, confirmed by the United States Senate on December 9, 1823, and received commission on December 9, 1823.
- ^ U.S. District Courts of Missouri, Legislative history, Federal Judicial Center.
- ^ Broadhead, James O. (March 5, 1887). "Address of Col. J. O. Broadhead". In Bar Association of St. Louis (ed.). Proceedings of the Saint Louis bar on the retirement of Hon. Samuel Treat. St. Louis: Nixon-Jones printing co. pp. 10β17.
- ^ U.S. District Courts of New Jersey, Legislative history, Federal Judicial Center.
- Robert Morris, Federal Judicial Center.
- Reassigned from the District of New Jersey.
- ^ Asbury Dickens, A Synoptical Index to the Laws and Treaties of the United States of America (1852), p. 386.
- ^ U.S. District Courts of New York, Legislative history, Federal Judicial Center.
- Recess appointment; formally nominated on December 20, 1805, confirmed by the United States Senate on December 23, 1805, and received commission on January 17, 1806.
- ^ Asbury Dickens, A Synoptical Index to the Laws and Treaties of the United States of America (1852), p. 389.
- ^ U.S. District Courts of North Carolina, Legislative history, Federal Judicial Center.
- Recess appointment; Johnson appointed him on August 19, 1865. He was confirmed by the Senate on January 22, 1866, and received commission on January 22, 1866.
- ^ U.S. District Courts of Ohio, Legislative history, Federal Judicial Center.
- Recess appointment; the United States Senate later rejected the appointment.
- Recess appointment; the United States Senate later rejected the appointment.
- "History of the U.S. Attorney Southern District of Ohio". United States Attorney's Office Southern District of Ohio. Retrieved 2012-11-15.
- did not serve due to illness
- ^ Asbury Dickens, A Synoptical Index to the Laws and Treaties of the United States of America (1852), p. 388.
- ^ U.S. District Courts of Pennsylvania, Legislative history, Federal Judicial Center.
- Recess appointment; formally nominated on October 31, 1791, confirmed by the United States Senate on November 7, 1791, and received commission on November 7, 1791.
- ^ U.S. District Courts of South Carolina, Legislative history, Federal Judicial Center.
- The Florence, South Carolina courthouse, Federal Judicial Center.
- The Greenville, South Carolina courthouse, Federal Judicial Center.
- Barrett v. United States, 169 U.S. 219 (1898).
- ^ Reassigned from the District of South Carolina.
- From 1912 to 1915, Judge Smith was jointly appointed to the Western District of South Carolina.
- Recess appointment; formally nominated on December 15, 1923, confirmed by the United States Senate on January 17, 1924, and received commission on January 21, 1924.
- ^ Jointly appointed to the Eastern and Western Districts of South Carolina.
- Recess appointment; formally nominated on January 4, 1916, confirmed by the United States Senate on January 24, 1916, and received commission on January 24, 1916.
- ^ U.S. District Courts of Tennessee, Legislative history, Federal Judicial Center.
- The Honorable Harry Phillips, "History of the Sixth Circuit Archived 2007-01-11 at the Wayback Machine".
- ^ U.S. District Courts of Texas, Legislative history, Federal Judicial Center.
- Biography of John Charles Watrous, Federal Judicial Center.
- Biography of Thomas Howard DuVal, Federal Judicial Center.
- ^ U.S. District Courts of Virginia, Legislative history, Federal Judicial Center.
- Recess appointment; formally nominated on February 8, 1790, confirmed by the United States Senate on February 10, 1790, and received commission on February 10, 1790.
- Reassigned from the Eastern District of Virginia.
- ^ U.S. District Courts of Washington, Legislative history, Federal Judicial Center.
- ^ U.S. District Courts of West Virginia, Legislative history, Federal Judicial Center.
- Reassigned from the Western District of Virginia.
- ^ U.S. District Courts of Wisconsin, Legislative history, Federal Judicial Center.