136:
gastric biopsy when it is placed on the sensitive element. Excessive salivation and alkaline bile reflux into the stomach can shift the pH value of the biopsy of the stomach towards alkaline. Drugs that reduce the acidity of the stomach, also contribute to false positive results resulting from the alkalization. In each of these cases, the pH of the biopsy will be shifted to the alkaline side. All of these factors may trigger a non-targeted coloration of the sensitive element in a single-layer rapid urease test. The indicator would change color not in the course of the enzymatic reaction, which then causes alkalization of the medium as a result of ammonia formation, but under the effect of the pH of the gastric biopsy.
145:
first layer impregnated with urea. Ammonia formed during the hydrolysis of urea by urease penetrates through a special selective membrane to the layer impregnated with the indicator composition. Accordingly, the color change occurs directly during the enzymatic reaction. This avoids the influence of the pH value of the sample (gastric biopsy) on the result of a selective urease test, which virtually eliminates the occurrence of false-positive results. If the pH value of the sample is shifted to the acidic side, for example, in the case of increased acidity of gastric juice, this also does not distort the result of the selective urease test.
149:
40:
144:
Selective urease tests differ from the single-layer rapid urease tests by their design and higher sensitivity and specificity. In contrast to single-layer rapid urease tests, selective urease tests have several layers, enabling separate enzymatic and indicator reactions. The sample is placed on the
135:
Among different kinds of rapid urease tests (liquid-based, gel-based, dry cool) there is a design type with single-layer sensitive element — a layer impregnated simultaneously with urea and an indicator composition. Such a design bears the risk of false-positive result due to the pH value of the
1344:
259:
354:
Laine LA, Nathwani RA, Naritoku W (Dec 2005). "The effect of GI bleeding on
Helicobacter pylori diagnostic testing: a prospective study at the time of bleeding and 1 month later".
395:
1296:
1337:
1067:
1028:
1093:
1330:
1098:
388:
834:
991:
1823:
1881:
546:
381:
230:"Validation of a new, commercially available dry rapid urease test for the diagnosis of Helicobacter pylori infection in gastric biopsies"
1637:
595:
1033:
1291:
1286:
1791:
824:
1699:
1473:
531:
482:
505:
913:
657:
1886:
1694:
1657:
1642:
1179:
898:
725:
671:
602:
431:
422:
467:
1088:
923:
1689:
189:. The test is often done as part of point-of-care diagnostics, to eliminate the time and expense required to detect
1582:
996:
918:
786:
645:
105:
1738:
1184:
974:
888:
796:
715:
487:
477:
1679:
1728:
1495:
1387:
1362:
1278:
1133:
791:
472:
414:
1527:
1652:
1647:
1627:
1607:
1577:
1227:
1143:
768:
526:
373:
260:"PHOTOMETRY OF RAPID UREASE TEST FOR DIAGNOSTICS OF HELICOBACTER PYLORI IN PATIENTS WITH DYSPEPTIC SYMPTOMS"
1876:
1763:
1662:
1367:
1257:
1072:
536:
405:
168:
1771:
1684:
1720:
1354:
1232:
1162:
1018:
612:
573:
67:
1301:
1587:
1413:
829:
1454:
1845:
1786:
1776:
1704:
1490:
1204:
1128:
1023:
928:
903:
819:
814:
758:
553:
72:
1855:
1502:
698:
541:
152:
Rapid Urease test that enables testing three biopsy specimens of the same patient simultaneously.
1632:
281:
132:
of the medium, and changes the color of the specimen from yellow (NEGATIVE) to red (POSITIVE).
1840:
1449:
1148:
1110:
956:
866:
688:
580:
521:
359:
336:
241:
1850:
1748:
1268:
1105:
511:
326:
316:
186:
172:
1622:
1522:
1512:
1392:
1306:
1083:
1079:
1062:
1057:
844:
740:
730:
705:
693:
680:
632:
176:
148:
1602:
1423:
1418:
1311:
1138:
1001:
946:
652:
622:
516:
457:
440:
331:
304:
113:
93:
1322:
1870:
1816:
1753:
1547:
1459:
1433:
1428:
1408:
1222:
951:
881:
617:
452:
1597:
1542:
1517:
1199:
1013:
908:
893:
748:
1835:
1552:
1189:
1045:
1008:
876:
871:
856:
720:
607:
590:
568:
558:
462:
39:
1811:
1507:
1252:
1194:
1171:
938:
806:
585:
563:
121:
321:
214:
1733:
1592:
1049:
852:
763:
753:
710:
640:
444:
194:
163:
363:
340:
245:
17:
1709:
1617:
1557:
1534:
1120:
861:
229:
1828:
1382:
497:
120:, and is placed into a medium containing urea and an indicator such as
117:
89:
1667:
1214:
778:
109:
81:
185:
The specificity and sensitivity of this test is high compared with
1781:
1743:
1612:
983:
147:
85:
1326:
377:
182:
Active gastrointestinal bleeding reduces accuracy of the test.
129:
305:"Gastric juice acidity in upper gastrointestinal diseases"
167:
moves proximal in the stomach in patients on therapy with
282:"Test device and kit for detecting helicobacter pylori"
228:
van Keeken N, van Hattum E, de Boer WA (October 2006).
1804:
1762:
1718:
1568:
1483:
1472:
1442:
1401:
1375:
1361:
1277:
1245:
1213:
1170:
1161:
1119:
1044:
982:
973:
937:
843:
805:
777:
739:
679:
670:
631:
496:
439:
430:
421:
49:
32:
315:(43) (World J Gastroenterol ed.): 5496–5501.
1338:
1029:Transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt
389:
128:hydrolyzes urea to ammonia, which raises the
8:
358:. Vol. 62, no. 6. pp. 853–9.
1480:
1372:
1345:
1331:
1323:
1167:
979:
676:
436:
427:
396:
382:
374:
84:enzyme, which catalyzes the conversion of
76:. The basis of the test is the ability of
53:test for diagnosis of Helicobacter pylori.
38:
330:
320:
66:(Campylobacter-like organism test), is a
835:Transanal hemorrhoidal dearterialization
992:Artificial extracorporeal liver support
206:
29:
104:The test is performed at the time of
27:Test for Heliobacter pylori infection
7:
547:Vertical banded gastroplasty surgery
1638:Oxidative/fermentation glucose test
596:Percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy
404:Tests and procedures involving the
234:The Netherlands Journal of Medicine
179:should be taken in these patients.
1034:Distal splenorenal shunt procedure
161:There is evidence to suggest that
25:
1764:Antibiotic susceptibility testing
1571:biochemical and immunologic tests
309:World Journal of Gastroenterology
215:"Medscape & eMedicine Log In"
171:, and, as such, samples from the
1792:Minimum inhibitory concentration
1484:Manual testing: basic techniques
825:Lateral internal sphincterotomy
1700:Novobiocin susceptibility test
1690:Bacitracin susceptibility test
532:Endoscopic sleeve gastroplasty
483:Functional Lumen Imaging Probe
1:
1583:Amino acid decarboxylase test
914:Lower gastrointestinal series
658:Upper gastrointestinal series
1695:Optochin susceptibility test
1658:Sulfide indole motility test
1643:Phenylalanine deaminase test
1180:Diagnostic peritoneal lavage
899:Double-contrast barium enema
726:Partial ileal bypass surgery
603:Esophagogastric dissociation
112:of mucosa is taken from the
1882:Digestive system procedures
997:Bioartificial liver devices
924:Transrectal ultrasonography
1903:
919:Small-bowel follow-through
787:Abdominoperineal resection
646:Esophagogastroduodenoscopy
1739:Polymerase chain reaction
1279:Clinical prediction rules
1185:Intraperitoneal injection
889:Abdominal ultrasonography
797:Total mesorectal excision
716:Intestine transplantation
506:Sengstaken–Blakemore tube
488:High resolution manometry
478:Esophageal motility study
412:
124:. The urease produced by
37:
1729:Analytical profile index
1134:Pancreas transplantation
792:Lower anterior resection
473:Esophageal pH monitoring
415:Digestive system surgery
322:10.3748/wjg.v16.i43.5496
1228:Inguinal hernia surgery
1144:Pancreaticoduodenectomy
527:Adjustable gastric band
468:Impedance–pH monitoring
1663:Triple sugar iron test
1258:Exploratory laparotomy
1073:Hepatoportoenterostomy
537:Gastric bypass surgery
406:human digestive system
169:proton pump inhibitors
153:
1721:point-of-care testing
1402:Cultures by body site
1355:clinical microbiology
1233:Femoral hernia repair
1019:Liver transplantation
613:Nissen fundoplication
151:
140:Selective urease test
68:rapid diagnostic test
1680:Voges–Proskauer test
1588:Bile solubility test
1443:Cultures by organism
1376:Isolation techniques
830:Rubber band ligation
769:Hartmann's operation
356:Gastrointest. Endosc
303:Pei-Jung Lu (2010).
62:, also known as the
1887:Helicobacter pylori
1787:McFarland standards
1777:Disk diffusion test
1772:Beta-lactamase test
1705:Lancefield grouping
1685:X and V factor test
1653:Salt tolerance test
1528:Ziehl–Neelsen stain
1491:Colonial morphology
1205:Peritoneal dialysis
1024:Portal hypertension
929:Virtual colonoscopy
904:Endoanal ultrasound
820:Anorectal manometry
815:Anal sphincterotomy
759:Colonic polypectomy
554:Collis gastroplasty
73:Helicobacter pylori
1856:Inoculation needle
699:Jejunoileal bypass
542:Sleeve gastrectomy
154:
1864:
1863:
1841:Biosafety cabinet
1800:
1799:
1648:Reverse CAMP test
1468:
1467:
1450:Bacterial culture
1320:
1319:
1265:Rapid urease test
1241:
1240:
1157:
1156:
1149:Puestow procedure
1111:Cholescintigraphy
969:
968:
965:
964:
957:Stool guaiac test
867:Capsule endoscopy
689:Bariatric surgery
666:
665:
581:Gastroenterostomy
522:Bariatric surgery
70:for diagnosis of
60:Rapid urease test
57:
56:
44:Rapid urease test
33:Rapid urease test
16:(Redirected from
1894:
1851:Inoculation loop
1749:Rapid strep test
1481:
1373:
1347:
1340:
1333:
1324:
1302:Child–Pugh score
1269:Urea breath test
1168:
1129:Frey's procedure
1106:Cholecystography
980:
677:
512:Nasogastric tube
437:
428:
398:
391:
384:
375:
368:
367:
351:
345:
344:
334:
324:
300:
294:
293:
291:
289:
278:
272:
271:
269:
267:
256:
250:
249:
225:
219:
218:
211:
187:urea breath test
42:
30:
21:
1902:
1901:
1897:
1896:
1895:
1893:
1892:
1891:
1867:
1866:
1865:
1860:
1796:
1758:
1714:
1623:Methyl red test
1570:
1569:Manual testing:
1564:
1523:India ink stain
1513:Acid-fast stain
1476:
1464:
1438:
1414:Genital culture
1397:
1393:Selective media
1365:
1357:
1351:
1321:
1316:
1307:Ranson criteria
1273:
1237:
1209:
1153:
1115:
1084:Cholangiography
1080:Medical imaging
1063:Cholecystostomy
1058:Cholecystectomy
1040:
961:
933:
845:Medical imaging
839:
801:
773:
735:
731:Strictureplasty
706:Bowel resection
694:Duodenal switch
662:
633:Medical imaging
627:
492:
423:Digestive tract
417:
408:
402:
372:
371:
353:
352:
348:
302:
301:
297:
287:
285:
280:
279:
275:
265:
263:
258:
257:
253:
227:
226:
222:
213:
212:
208:
203:
159:
142:
102:
80:to secrete the
45:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
1900:
1898:
1890:
1889:
1884:
1879:
1869:
1868:
1862:
1861:
1859:
1858:
1853:
1848:
1843:
1838:
1833:
1832:
1831:
1821:
1820:
1819:
1808:
1806:
1802:
1801:
1798:
1797:
1795:
1794:
1789:
1784:
1779:
1774:
1768:
1766:
1760:
1759:
1757:
1756:
1751:
1746:
1741:
1736:
1731:
1725:
1723:
1719:Automated and
1716:
1715:
1713:
1712:
1707:
1702:
1697:
1692:
1687:
1682:
1677:
1676:
1675:
1665:
1660:
1655:
1650:
1645:
1640:
1635:
1630:
1625:
1620:
1615:
1610:
1605:
1603:Coagulase test
1600:
1595:
1590:
1585:
1580:
1574:
1572:
1566:
1565:
1563:
1562:
1561:
1560:
1555:
1550:
1545:
1537:
1532:
1531:
1530:
1525:
1520:
1515:
1510:
1500:
1499:
1498:
1487:
1485:
1478:
1474:Identification
1470:
1469:
1466:
1465:
1463:
1462:
1457:
1455:Fungal culture
1452:
1446:
1444:
1440:
1439:
1437:
1436:
1431:
1426:
1424:Throat culture
1421:
1419:Sputum culture
1416:
1411:
1405:
1403:
1399:
1398:
1396:
1395:
1390:
1385:
1379:
1377:
1370:
1359:
1358:
1353:Techniques in
1352:
1350:
1349:
1342:
1335:
1327:
1318:
1317:
1315:
1314:
1312:Milan criteria
1309:
1304:
1299:
1294:
1289:
1283:
1281:
1275:
1274:
1272:
1271:
1262:
1261:
1260:
1249:
1247:
1243:
1242:
1239:
1238:
1236:
1235:
1230:
1225:
1219:
1217:
1211:
1210:
1208:
1207:
1202:
1197:
1192:
1187:
1182:
1176:
1174:
1165:
1163:Abdominopelvic
1159:
1158:
1155:
1154:
1152:
1151:
1146:
1141:
1139:Pancreatectomy
1136:
1131:
1125:
1123:
1117:
1116:
1114:
1113:
1108:
1103:
1102:
1101:
1096:
1091:
1076:
1075:
1070:
1065:
1060:
1054:
1052:
1042:
1041:
1039:
1038:
1037:
1036:
1031:
1021:
1016:
1011:
1006:
1005:
1004:
1002:Liver dialysis
999:
988:
986:
977:
971:
970:
967:
966:
963:
962:
960:
959:
954:
949:
947:Fecal fat test
943:
941:
935:
934:
932:
931:
926:
921:
916:
911:
906:
901:
896:
891:
885:
884:
879:
874:
869:
864:
859:
849:
847:
841:
840:
838:
837:
832:
827:
822:
817:
811:
809:
803:
802:
800:
799:
794:
789:
783:
781:
775:
774:
772:
771:
766:
761:
756:
751:
745:
743:
737:
736:
734:
733:
728:
723:
718:
713:
708:
703:
702:
701:
696:
685:
683:
674:
672:Lower GI tract
668:
667:
664:
663:
661:
660:
655:
653:Barium swallow
650:
649:
648:
637:
635:
629:
628:
626:
625:
623:Schilling test
620:
615:
610:
605:
600:
599:
598:
588:
583:
578:
577:
576:
571:
566:
556:
551:
550:
549:
544:
539:
534:
529:
519:
517:Gastric lavage
514:
509:
502:
500:
494:
493:
491:
490:
485:
480:
475:
470:
465:
460:
458:Heller myotomy
455:
449:
447:
434:
432:Upper GI tract
425:
419:
418:
413:
410:
409:
403:
401:
400:
393:
386:
378:
370:
369:
346:
295:
273:
251:
220:
205:
204:
202:
199:
158:
155:
141:
138:
101:
98:
94:carbon dioxide
55:
54:
51:
47:
46:
43:
35:
34:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1899:
1888:
1885:
1883:
1880:
1878:
1877:Medical tests
1875:
1874:
1872:
1857:
1854:
1852:
1849:
1847:
1844:
1842:
1839:
1837:
1834:
1830:
1827:
1826:
1825:
1824:Anaerobic jar
1822:
1818:
1817:Growth medium
1815:
1814:
1813:
1810:
1809:
1807:
1803:
1793:
1790:
1788:
1785:
1783:
1780:
1778:
1775:
1773:
1770:
1769:
1767:
1765:
1761:
1755:
1754:Monospot test
1752:
1750:
1747:
1745:
1742:
1740:
1737:
1735:
1732:
1730:
1727:
1726:
1724:
1722:
1717:
1711:
1708:
1706:
1703:
1701:
1698:
1696:
1693:
1691:
1688:
1686:
1683:
1681:
1678:
1674:
1671:
1670:
1669:
1666:
1664:
1661:
1659:
1656:
1654:
1651:
1649:
1646:
1644:
1641:
1639:
1636:
1634:
1631:
1629:
1626:
1624:
1621:
1619:
1616:
1614:
1611:
1609:
1606:
1604:
1601:
1599:
1596:
1594:
1591:
1589:
1586:
1584:
1581:
1579:
1576:
1575:
1573:
1567:
1559:
1556:
1554:
1551:
1549:
1546:
1544:
1541:
1540:
1538:
1536:
1533:
1529:
1526:
1524:
1521:
1519:
1516:
1514:
1511:
1509:
1506:
1505:
1504:
1501:
1497:
1494:
1493:
1492:
1489:
1488:
1486:
1482:
1479:
1475:
1471:
1461:
1460:Viral culture
1458:
1456:
1453:
1451:
1448:
1447:
1445:
1441:
1435:
1434:Wound culture
1432:
1430:
1429:Urine culture
1427:
1425:
1422:
1420:
1417:
1415:
1412:
1410:
1409:Blood culture
1407:
1406:
1404:
1400:
1394:
1391:
1389:
1386:
1384:
1381:
1380:
1378:
1374:
1371:
1369:
1364:
1360:
1356:
1348:
1343:
1341:
1336:
1334:
1329:
1328:
1325:
1313:
1310:
1308:
1305:
1303:
1300:
1298:
1295:
1293:
1290:
1288:
1285:
1284:
1282:
1280:
1276:
1270:
1266:
1263:
1259:
1256:
1255:
1254:
1251:
1250:
1248:
1244:
1234:
1231:
1229:
1226:
1224:
1223:Hernia repair
1221:
1220:
1218:
1216:
1212:
1206:
1203:
1201:
1198:
1196:
1193:
1191:
1188:
1186:
1183:
1181:
1178:
1177:
1175:
1173:
1169:
1166:
1164:
1160:
1150:
1147:
1145:
1142:
1140:
1137:
1135:
1132:
1130:
1127:
1126:
1124:
1122:
1118:
1112:
1109:
1107:
1104:
1100:
1097:
1095:
1092:
1090:
1087:
1086:
1085:
1081:
1078:
1077:
1074:
1071:
1069:
1066:
1064:
1061:
1059:
1056:
1055:
1053:
1051:
1047:
1043:
1035:
1032:
1030:
1027:
1026:
1025:
1022:
1020:
1017:
1015:
1012:
1010:
1007:
1003:
1000:
998:
995:
994:
993:
990:
989:
987:
985:
981:
978:
976:
972:
958:
955:
953:
952:Fecal pH test
950:
948:
945:
944:
942:
940:
936:
930:
927:
925:
922:
920:
917:
915:
912:
910:
907:
905:
902:
900:
897:
895:
892:
890:
887:
886:
883:
882:Sigmoidoscopy
880:
878:
875:
873:
870:
868:
865:
863:
860:
858:
854:
851:
850:
848:
846:
842:
836:
833:
831:
828:
826:
823:
821:
818:
816:
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798:
795:
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790:
788:
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747:
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738:
732:
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724:
722:
719:
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714:
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709:
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669:
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656:
654:
651:
647:
644:
643:
642:
639:
638:
636:
634:
630:
624:
621:
619:
618:Pyloromyotomy
616:
614:
611:
609:
606:
604:
601:
597:
594:
593:
592:
589:
587:
584:
582:
579:
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572:
570:
567:
565:
562:
561:
560:
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548:
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533:
530:
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510:
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489:
486:
484:
481:
479:
476:
474:
471:
469:
466:
464:
461:
459:
456:
454:
453:Esophagectomy
451:
450:
448:
446:
442:
438:
435:
433:
429:
426:
424:
420:
416:
411:
407:
399:
394:
392:
387:
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380:
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376:
365:
361:
357:
350:
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342:
338:
333:
328:
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318:
314:
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306:
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296:
283:
277:
274:
261:
255:
252:
247:
243:
240:(9): 329–33.
239:
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210:
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83:
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69:
65:
61:
52:
48:
41:
36:
31:
19:
1672:
1628:Nitrite test
1598:Citrate test
1539:Rapid tests
1518:Giemsa stain
1388:Streak plate
1264:
1200:Paracentesis
1014:Liver biopsy
909:Enteroclysis
894:Defecography
749:Appendectomy
355:
349:
312:
308:
298:
286:. Retrieved
276:
264:. Retrieved
254:
237:
233:
223:
209:
190:
184:
181:
162:
160:
143:
134:
125:
103:
77:
71:
63:
59:
58:
1836:Durham tube
1668:Urease test
1477:and testing
1190:Laparoscopy
1046:Gallbladder
1009:Hepatectomy
939:Stool tests
877:Proctoscopy
872:Enteroscopy
857:Colonoscopy
741:Large bowel
721:Jejunostomy
681:Small bowel
608:Hill repair
591:Gastrostomy
569:Billroth II
559:Gastrectomy
463:Sialography
311:(journal).
157:Limitations
106:gastroscopy
18:Urease test
1871:Categories
1812:Agar plate
1608:DNAse test
1508:Gram stain
1253:Laparotomy
1195:Omentopexy
1172:Peritoneum
807:Anal canal
586:Gastropexy
564:Billroth I
201:References
122:phenol red
1846:Incubator
1805:Equipment
1734:MALDI-TOF
1633:ONPG test
1593:CAMP test
1496:Hemolysis
1363:Isolation
1050:bile duct
975:Accessory
853:Endoscopy
764:Colostomy
754:Colectomy
711:Ileostomy
641:Endoscopy
574:Roux-en-Y
445:Esophagus
197:testing.
195:pathology
191:H. pylori
164:H. pylori
126:H. pylori
78:H. pylori
1710:RPR test
1618:KOH test
1578:ALA test
1548:Catalase
1535:Wet prep
1503:Staining
1121:Pancreas
862:Anoscopy
364:16301025
341:21086570
246:17057270
64:CLO test
1829:Gas-pak
1543:Oxidase
1383:Asepsis
1368:culture
498:Stomach
332:2988245
288:July 5,
266:July 5,
118:stomach
116:of the
100:Process
90:ammonia
50:Purpose
1553:Indole
1215:Hernia
779:Rectum
362:
339:
329:
284:. 2016
262:. 2018
244:
173:fundus
114:antrum
110:biopsy
82:urease
1782:Etest
1744:VITEK
1673:rapid
1613:IMViC
1297:UKELD
1246:Other
984:Liver
1366:and
1292:PELD
1287:MELD
1094:MRCP
1068:ERCP
360:PMID
337:PMID
290:2019
268:2019
242:PMID
177:body
175:and
108:. A
92:and
86:urea
1558:PYR
1099:PTC
441:SGs
327:PMC
317:doi
193:on
88:to
1873::
1267:/
1089:IV
1082::
1048:,
855::
443:/
335:.
325:.
313:16
307:.
238:64
236:.
232:.
130:pH
96:.
1346:e
1339:t
1332:v
508:)
397:e
390:t
383:v
366:.
343:.
319::
292:.
270:.
248:.
217:.
20:)
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