169:
In 2014, Advanced
Sterilization Products (ASP), sovaldi the manufacturer of the Sterrad hydrogen peroxide gas plasma sterilizer, issued a letter to hospital risk managers warning them that hydrogen peroxide residues may be found in the sterilization load. HPV being present in the sterilization load, could lead the accidental exposure of hospital staff.
172:
Monitoring hydrogen peroxide levels inside of the sterilization chamber during the sterilization cycle can be challenging. Technical issues such as condensation, vacuum, and high concentration have prevented many sensing technologies such as electrochemical sensors from providing real time monitoring
168:
capable of measuring in the parts per billion and low parts per million levels. These sensors are typically inexpensive and limited to ambient conditions. Moreover, HPV electrochemical sensors are often located near the sterilization equipment to detect possible leaks during the sterilization cycle.
75:, which the EPA defines as "a substance that destroys or eliminates all forms of microbial life in the inanimate environment, including all forms of vegetative bacteria, bacterial spores, fungi, fungal spores, and viruses". As a sterilant, VHP is one of the chemicals approved for decontamination of
112:
to 1400 ppm, depending on the infectious agent to be cleared. By comparison, a concentration of 75 ppm is considered to be "Immediately
Dangerous to Life or Health" in humans. After the VHP has circulated in the enclosed space for a pre-defined period of time, it is circulated back through the
107:
and water, by generators specifically designed for the purpose. These generators initially dehumidify the ambient air, then produce VHP by passing aqueous hydrogen peroxide over a vaporizer, and circulate the vapor at a programmed concentration in the air, typically from 140
113:
generator, where it is broken down into water and oxygen by a catalytic converter, until concentrations of VHP fall to safe levels (typically <1 ppm). Alternatively, the VHP is vented to the outside air, in cases where recapturing of the VHP is not needed.
385:
Falagas, M.E.; Thomaidis, P.C.; Kotsantis, I.K.; Sgouros, K.; Samonis, G.; Karageorgopoulos, D.E. (July 2011). "Airborne hydrogen peroxide for disinfection of the hospital environment and infection control: a systematic review".
197:
Vapors and fumes of hydrogen peroxide can irritate and damage the skin, the respiratory tracks and the eyes. So extreme precautions must be taken when manipulating hydrogen peroxide, and it must not be considered harmless.
464:
251:
121:
Vaporized hydrogen peroxide has been investigated as an airborne disinfectant and infection control measure for hospitals and has been shown to reduce incidence of
68:
132:
54:
vapor used to decontaminate enclosed and sealed areas such as laboratory workstations, isolation and pass-through rooms, and even aircraft interiors.
164:
mandates a PEL of 1.0 ppm (1.4 mg/m ) for HPV. Typically, safe working environments around sterilization equipment is achieved with electrochemical
233:
551:
468:
181:
concentration. Under these conditions, optical methods such as spectroscopy can be used to ensure that lethal concentrations of H
127:
161:
258:
122:
536:
352:
292:
237:
546:
353:"HVAC Considerations for Gaseous Decontamination of Laboratory Spaces using Hydrogen Peroxide Vapor (HPV)"
149:
482:
276:
541:
304:
80:
422:
436:
215:
403:
330:
109:
88:
83:
in the U.S. It has also been shown to be effective in removing exotic animal viruses, such as
39:
395:
320:
312:
84:
308:
325:
252:"Vaporized Hydrogen peroxide (VHP) Decontamination if a Section of a Boeing 747 Cabin"
530:
316:
51:
291:
Heckert, RA; Best, M; Jordan, LT; Dulac, GC; Eddington, DL; Sterritt, WG (1997).
371:"NIOSH:Documentation for Immediately Dangerous to Life or Health Concentrations"
399:
370:
407:
334:
465:"ASP Warns of Exposure to Residual Hydrogen Peroxide in Sterilizer Load"
293:"Efficacy of Vaporized Hydrogen Peroxide against Exotic Animal Viruses"
76:
165:
153:, from the environment and prevent infection of subsequent patients.
35:
79:
spores from contaminated buildings, such as occurred during the
216:"VHP (Vaporized Hydrogen Peroxide) Biodecontamination Systems"
277:"Anthrax Spore Decontamination using Hydrogen Peroxide Vapor"
143:
vapor has been used in hospitals to eradicate causal agents,
420:
Vastag, Brian (2012), "Deadly
Bacteria Stalked Hospital",
483:"Hydrogen Peroxide Vapor (HPV) Analyzer System Measuring
135:
are all associated with environmental contamination. H
257:. US Federal Aviation Administration. Archived from
236:. US Environmental Protection Agency. Archived from
373:. US Centers for Disease Control. 26 February 2021.
437:"Hydrogen Peroxide - OSHA Analytical Method 1019"
303:(10). US National Institutes of Health: 3916–8.
234:"EPA: Pesticides - Vaporized Hydrogen Peroxide"
8:
189:are achieved in the sterilization chamber.
99:VHP is produced from a solution of liquid H
347:
345:
324:
50:) with applications as a low-temperature
125:infections from a number of pathogens.
207:
228:
226:
467:. ChemDAQ. 2014-01-20. Archived from
279:. US Environmental Protection Agency.
7:
517:Under Ambient or Vacuum Conditions"
426:, Thursday, 23 August 2012, pg A1.
14:
317:10.1128/AEM.63.10.3916-3918.1997
358:. Phoenix Controls Corporation.
69:Environmental Protection Agency
16:Vapor form of hydrogen peroxide
67:VHP is registered by the U.S.
1:
388:Journal of Hospital Infection
91:from equipment and surfaces.
552:Sterilization (microbiology)
131:associated disease, VRE and
20:Vaporized hydrogen peroxide
568:
400:10.1016/j.jhin.2010.12.006
375:Retrieved September 2008.
360:Retrieved September 2008.
339:Retrieved September 2008.
281:Retrieved September 2008.
266:Retrieved September 2008.
218:. sterislifesciences.com.
220:Retrieved February 2016.
193:Dangers of manipulation
157:Monitoring technologies
147:, antibiotic-resistant
28:hydrogen peroxide vapor
297:Appl Environ Microbiol
264:on February 25, 2012.
150:Klebsiella pneumoniae
128:Clostridium difficile
240:on October 10, 2006.
81:2001 anthrax attacks
423:The Washington Post
309:1997ApEnM..63.3916H
537:Hydrogen peroxide
89:Newcastle disease
63:Regulatory status
40:hydrogen peroxide
559:
521:
520:
516:
514:
513:
503:
502:
501:
493:
492:
479:
473:
472:
461:
455:
454:
452:
451:
441:
433:
427:
418:
412:
411:
382:
376:
374:
367:
361:
359:
357:
349:
340:
338:
328:
288:
282:
280:
273:
267:
265:
263:
256:
248:
242:
241:
230:
221:
219:
212:
117:Use in hospitals
58:Use as sterilant
26:, also known as
567:
566:
562:
561:
560:
558:
557:
556:
527:
526:
525:
524:
512:
509:
508:
507:
505:
500:
497:
496:
495:
491:
488:
487:
486:
484:
481:
480:
476:
463:
462:
458:
449:
447:
439:
435:
434:
430:
419:
415:
384:
383:
379:
369:
368:
364:
355:
351:
350:
343:
290:
289:
285:
275:
274:
270:
261:
254:
250:
249:
245:
232:
231:
224:
214:
213:
209:
204:
195:
188:
184:
180:
176:
159:
142:
138:
119:
106:
102:
97:
85:avian influenza
65:
60:
49:
45:
17:
12:
11:
5:
565:
563:
555:
554:
549:
544:
539:
529:
528:
523:
522:
510:
498:
489:
474:
471:on 2019-04-12.
456:
446:. January 2016
428:
413:
394:(3): 171–177.
377:
362:
341:
283:
268:
243:
222:
206:
205:
203:
200:
194:
191:
186:
182:
178:
174:
158:
155:
140:
136:
118:
115:
104:
100:
96:
93:
64:
61:
59:
56:
47:
43:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
564:
553:
550:
548:
547:Disinfectants
545:
543:
540:
538:
535:
534:
532:
518:
478:
475:
470:
466:
460:
457:
445:
438:
432:
429:
425:
424:
417:
414:
409:
405:
401:
397:
393:
389:
381:
378:
372:
366:
363:
354:
348:
346:
342:
336:
332:
327:
322:
318:
314:
310:
306:
302:
298:
294:
287:
284:
278:
272:
269:
260:
253:
247:
244:
239:
235:
229:
227:
223:
217:
211:
208:
201:
199:
192:
190:
170:
167:
163:
156:
154:
152:
151:
146:
134:
130:
129:
124:
116:
114:
111:
94:
92:
90:
86:
82:
78:
74:
70:
62:
57:
55:
53:
52:antimicrobial
41:
37:
33:
29:
25:
22:(trademarked
21:
477:
469:the original
459:
448:. Retrieved
443:
431:
421:
416:
391:
387:
380:
365:
300:
296:
286:
271:
259:the original
246:
238:the original
210:
196:
171:
160:
148:
144:
126:
120:
98:
72:
66:
31:
27:
23:
19:
18:
542:Antiseptics
95:Application
531:Categories
450:2019-01-03
202:References
123:nosocomial
73:sterilant
444:osha.gov
408:21392848
38:form of
335:9327555
305:Bibcode
166:sensors
77:anthrax
34:) is a
406:
333:
326:168702
323:
440:(PDF)
356:(PDF)
262:(PDF)
255:(PDF)
71:as a
36:vapor
504:and
404:PMID
331:PMID
173:of H
162:OSHA
145:e.g.
133:MRSA
87:and
396:doi
321:PMC
313:doi
110:ppm
32:HPV
24:VHP
533::
442:.
402:.
392:78
390:.
344:^
329:.
319:.
311:.
301:63
299:.
295:.
225:^
42:(H
30:,
519:.
515:O
511:2
506:H
499:2
494:O
490:2
485:H
453:.
410:.
398::
337:.
315::
307::
187:2
185:O
183:2
179:2
177:O
175:2
141:2
139:O
137:2
105:2
103:O
101:2
48:2
46:O
44:2
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.