30:
779:
685:
585:
512:
50:
227:
307:, a collective group created to accommodate species whose anatomy of the copulatory apparatus is still unknown, and was not given a Latin species name, hence "black", a simple adjective. It was formally described as a new species in 2022 when more specimens were available (mainly from Italy) and was assigned to
414:, is circular, 15,540 base pairs long and contains 12 protein coding genes, two ribosomal RNA genes and 21 transfer RNA genes. The ND3 gene was found with a premature stop codon. In French specimens, the characteristics were similar but the length was 15,989 base pairs. A comparative study of the
792:
Solà, E., Sluys, R., Riutort, M., Kawakatsu, M. (18 August 2023). "Molecular phylogenetics facilitates the first historical biogeographic analysis of the hammerhead worms (Platyhelminthes: Tricladida: Bipaliinae), with the description of twelve new species and two new genera".
844:
Mori, Emiliano; Magoga, Giulia; Panella, Marta; Montagna, Matteo; Winsor, Leigh; Justine, Jean-Lou; Menchetti, Mattia; Schifani, Enrico; Melone, Beatrice; Mazza, Giuseppe (2021-09-26). "Discovering the
Pandora's box: the invasion of alien flatworms in Italy".
252:, about 20–30 millimetres (0.79–1.18 in) in length. The dorsal face is completely metallic black, without any stripe or ornamentation. The head plate is reniform (kidney-shaped). The ventral surface is light grey–greyish brown with a paler creeping sole.
381:
The origin of the species is unknown, but since most of hammerhead flatworms originate from Asia, the authors of the study wrote that it was "probably a species originating from Asia and an alien species in Europe". A few records of specimens resembling
232:
231:
228:
233:
230:
763:
718:
264:
is present in the genital pad anterior to the male and female efferent ducts. The efferent canals open into narrow horizontal highly glandular common genital canals.
229:
600:"Hammerhead flatworms (Platyhelminthes, Geoplanidae, Bipaliinae): mitochondrial genomes and description of two new species from France, Italy, and Mayotte"
461:"Hammerhead flatworms (Platyhelminthes, Geoplanidae, Bipaliinae): mitochondrial genomes and description of two new species from France, Italy, and Mayotte"
743:
941:
699:
316:
on the basis of the anatomy of its copulatory apparatus. The study also included a comparison with several land flatworms of the subfamily
1015:
29:
659:"Additions and corrections of the previous land planarian indices of the world (Turbellaria, Seriata, Tricladida, Terricola) – 10"
598:
Justine, Jean-Lou; Gastineau, Romain; Gros, Pierre; Gey, Delphine; Ruzzier, Enrico; Charles, Laurent; Winsor, Leigh (2022-02-01).
459:
Justine, Jean-Lou; Gastineau, Romain; Gros, Pierre; Gey, Delphine; Ruzzier, Enrico; Charles, Laurent; Winsor, Leigh (2022-02-01).
1000:
398:, but these records could not be assigned to the species with certainty in the absence of specimens and molecular information.
415:
291:
had only a few available specimens and could not complete an anatomical study. At this time, the species was assigned to the
422:, found that the sequences from France and Italy differed by 2.58%, a distance compatible with intraspecific differences.
670:
49:
256:
has eyes in a triple row around the anterior headplate present dorsalaterally on the headplate ventrally behind the
367:
1005:
972:
1010:
919:
778:
684:
584:
511:
881:
134:
995:
407:
321:
261:
862:
826:
500:
156:
44:
928:
818:
810:
639:
621:
573:
492:
277:
370:, a department in the southwest corner of France, and specimens collected in one locality in
854:
802:
755:
629:
611:
563:
553:
482:
472:
296:
528:
Justine, Jean-Lou; Winsor, Leigh; Gey, Delphine; Gros, Pierre; Thévenot, Jessica (2018).
704:
gen. nov., a new taxon of the land planarian family
Bipaliidae (Tricladida, Terricola)"
634:
599:
568:
529:
487:
460:
327:
In 2023, a new phylogenetic study on
Bipaliinae included a redescription of the genus
989:
866:
830:
504:
419:
203:
759:
933:
904:
954:
913:
111:
101:
858:
806:
317:
312:
288:
814:
625:
280:. Furthermore, a large part of this study was written during the lockdowns."
260:
and continuing along the sides of the body in a staggered row posteriorly. A
200:
91:
61:
822:
658:
643:
577:
496:
331:
and, according to the new diagnosis and data from molecular phylogenetics,
374:, in northeastern Italy. It was also probably recorded (under its synonym
898:
249:
215:
81:
946:
616:
477:
967:
959:
558:
657:
Kawakatsu, M.; Ogren, R. E.; Froehlich, E. M.; Sasaki, G.-Y. (2002).
391:
371:
257:
207:
71:
875:
150:(Justine, Gastineau, Gros, Gey, Ruzzier, Charles & Winsor, 2022)
182:
Justine, Gastineau, Gross, Gey, Ruzzier, Charles & Winsor, 2022
395:
387:
308:
292:
225:
211:
276:
was chosen as homage to the numerous casualties worldwide of the
744:"A new species of flatworm in our gardens that comes from Asia:
366:
was described from specimens collected in two localities in the
879:
542:
spp.) in metropolitan France and overseas French territories"
241:. A scale is shown at the end and is graduated in millimetres
320:, including the description and comparison of the complete
355:
outside the native range of the subfamily
Bipaliinae.
742:
Justine, Jean-Lou; Leigh, Winsor (16 February 2022).
534:
Hammerhead flatworms (Platyhelminthes, Geoplanidae,
272:
The authors of the species wrote "The specific name
888:
339:, was erected to include this species. The name
287:"black" in 2018, when the authors of a study on
454:
523:
521:
452:
450:
448:
446:
444:
442:
440:
438:
436:
434:
8:
335:did not fit into the genus and a new genus,
351:, voyager, and refers to the occurrence of
876:
28:
17:
633:
615:
567:
557:
486:
476:
430:
402:Genetics and phylogenetic relationships
283:The species was initially mentioned as
766:from the original on 17 February 2022
7:
973:3847E9FE-463B-4FDB-A164-88765A52D65A
663:The Bulletin of Fuji Women's College
14:
386:were found in the literature, in
777:
698:Ogren, R. E.; Sluys, R. (2001).
683:
583:
510:
48:
760:10.6084/m9.figshare.19193054.v1
724:from the original on 2021-04-10
673:from the original on 2022-02-03
416:Cytochrome c oxidase subunit I
1:
268:Etymology and classification
378:"black") near Rome, Italy.
1032:
859:10.1007/s10530-021-02638-w
711:Belgian Journal of Zoology
1016:Animals described in 2022
807:10.11646/zootaxa.5335.1.1
218:specimen is MNHN JL351B.
162:
155:
140:
133:
45:Scientific classification
43:
36:
27:
20:
410:of Italian specimens of
1001:Invertebrates of Europe
359:Distribution and origin
418:gene, widely used for
343:is derived from Latin
242:
322:mitochondrial genomes
236:
847:Biological Invasions
408:mitochondrial genome
368:Pyrénées-Atlantiques
324:in several species.
289:hammerhead flatworms
617:10.7717/peerj.12725
478:10.7717/peerj.12725
364:Vermiviatum covidum
250:hammerhead flatworm
196:Vermiviatum covidum
191:Species of flatworm
144:Vermiviatum covidum
38:Vermiviatum covidum
22:Vermiviatum covidum
920:Humbertium covidum
890:Humbertium covidum
746:Humbertium covidum
559:10.7717/peerj.4672
412:Humbertium covidum
333:Humbertium covidum
243:
179:Humbertium covidum
983:
982:
882:Taxon identifiers
306:
278:COVID-19 pandemic
234:
189:
188:
1023:
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775:
773:
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752:The Conversation
739:
733:
732:
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729:
723:
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619:
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581:
571:
561:
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515:
514:
508:
490:
480:
456:
300:
235:
199:is a species of
183:
175:
146:
53:
52:
32:
18:
1031:
1030:
1026:
1025:
1024:
1022:
1021:
1020:
1006:Fauna of France
986:
985:
984:
979:
971:
966:
958:
953:
945:
940:
932:
927:
918:
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790:
786:
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741:
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736:
727:
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721:
706:
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682:
676:
674:
656:
655:
651:
597:
596:
592:
582:
540:Diversibipalium
527:
526:
519:
509:
458:
457:
432:
428:
404:
376:Diversibipalium
361:
297:Diversibipalium
285:Diversibipalium
270:
226:
224:
192:
181:
169:
166:Diversibipalium
151:
148:
142:
129:
126:V. covidum
82:Platyhelminthes
47:
12:
11:
5:
1029:
1027:
1019:
1018:
1013:
1011:Fauna of Italy
1008:
1003:
998:
988:
987:
981:
980:
978:
977:
964:
951:
938:
925:
910:
894:
892:
886:
885:
880:
873:
872:
853:(1): 205–216.
836:
784:
734:
717:(1): 201–204.
690:
649:
590:
517:
429:
427:
424:
403:
400:
360:
357:
269:
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54:
41:
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34:
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25:
24:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1028:
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1002:
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991:
974:
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965:
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948:
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926:
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891:
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837:
832:
828:
824:
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816:
812:
808:
804:
800:
796:
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757:
753:
749:
747:
738:
735:
720:
716:
712:
705:
703:
694:
691:
686:
672:
668:
665:. Series II.
664:
660:
653:
650:
645:
641:
636:
631:
627:
623:
618:
613:
609:
605:
601:
594:
591:
586:
579:
575:
570:
565:
560:
555:
551:
547:
543:
541:
537:
533:
530:"Giant worms
524:
522:
518:
513:
506:
502:
498:
494:
489:
484:
479:
474:
470:
466:
462:
455:
453:
451:
449:
447:
445:
443:
441:
439:
437:
435:
431:
425:
423:
421:
420:DNA barcoding
417:
413:
409:
401:
399:
397:
393:
389:
385:
379:
377:
373:
369:
365:
358:
356:
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325:
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275:
267:
265:
263:
259:
255:
251:
247:
240:
221:
219:
217:
213:
209:
205:
204:land flatworm
202:
198:
197:
180:
177:
173:
167:
164:
163:
161:
158:
154:
147:
145:
139:
136:
135:Binomial name
132:
128:
127:
122:
119:
118:
115:
114:
110:
107:
106:
103:
100:
97:
96:
93:
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66:
63:
60:
57:
56:
51:
46:
42:
39:
35:
31:
26:
23:
19:
16:
889:
850:
846:
839:
798:
794:
787:
768:. Retrieved
751:
745:
737:
726:. Retrieved
714:
710:
701:
693:
675:. Retrieved
666:
662:
652:
607:
603:
593:
549:
545:
539:
535:
531:
468:
464:
411:
405:
383:
380:
375:
363:
362:
352:
348:
347:, worm, and
344:
340:
336:
332:
328:
326:
311:
302:
295:
284:
282:
273:
271:
262:viscid gland
253:
248:is a small
245:
244:
238:
195:
194:
193:
178:
171:
165:
143:
141:
125:
124:
112:
37:
21:
15:
996:Geoplanidae
955:iNaturalist
914:Wikispecies
801:(1): 1–77.
770:17 February
700:"The genus
669:: 162–177.
341:Vermiviatum
337:Vermiviatum
237:A video of
222:Description
206:, found in
170:of Justine
113:Vermiviatum
102:Geoplanidae
990:Categories
905:Q110780789
728:2022-02-12
702:Humbertium
677:2022-02-07
610:: e12725.
471:: e12725.
426:References
390:, eastern
384:H. covidum
353:V. covidum
329:Humbertium
318:Bipaliinae
313:Humbertium
301:Kawakatsu
254:H. covidum
246:H. covidum
239:V. covidum
92:Tricladida
867:244200292
831:260985829
815:1175-5334
626:2167-8359
552:: e4672.
532:chez moi!
505:246512511
201:predatory
120:Species:
68:Kingdom:
62:Eukaryota
947:11847222
899:Wikidata
823:38221113
764:Archived
719:Archived
671:Archived
644:35178290
578:29844951
536:Bipalium
497:35178290
216:Holotype
168:"black"
157:Synonyms
98:Family:
78:Phylum:
72:Animalia
58:Domain:
968:ZooBank
960:1354797
795:Zootaxa
635:8815365
569:5969052
488:8815365
274:covidum
258:lappets
108:Genus:
88:Order:
865:
829:
821:
813:
642:
632:
624:
576:
566:
538:spp.,
503:
495:
485:
394:, and
392:Russia
372:Veneto
349:viator
345:vermis
305:, 2002
303:et al.
214:. The
208:France
174:, 2018
172:et al.
934:8ZDRW
863:S2CID
827:S2CID
722:(PDF)
707:(PDF)
604:PeerJ
546:PeerJ
501:S2CID
465:PeerJ
396:Japan
388:China
309:genus
293:genus
212:Italy
942:GBIF
819:PMID
811:ISSN
799:5335
772:2022
640:PMID
622:ISSN
574:PMID
493:PMID
406:The
210:and
929:CoL
855:doi
803:doi
756:doi
715:131
630:PMC
612:doi
564:PMC
554:doi
483:PMC
473:doi
992::
970::
957::
944::
931::
916::
901::
861:.
851:24
849:.
825:.
817:.
809:.
797:.
762:.
754:.
750:.
713:.
709:.
667:40
661:.
638:.
628:.
620:.
608:10
606:.
602:.
572:.
562:.
548:.
544:.
520:^
499:.
491:.
481:.
469:10
467:.
463:.
433:^
869:.
857::
833:.
805::
774:.
758::
748:"
731:.
680:.
646:.
614::
580:.
556::
550:6
507:.
475::
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
