494:), the second highest decoration for valour in the Netherlands, which was instituted in 1946 and awarded to only 95 people. There was a belief after the War that awarding medals would make distinctions between different acts of resistance, all of which would have been punishable by death. After a first round of awards were made of the Dutch Cross of Resistance in 1946, it became politically difficult to agree a list of further recipients.
44:
600:
187:
Members of resistance groups recognised in the Royal Decree dated 5 September 1944 or to any resistance group known to the
Council on Extraordinary Pensions or the 1940–1945 Foundation.
511:
199:
Those who participated in actions during World War II in
Japanese or Japanese-occupied territory, which after the war, were designated as resistance of the enemy by the committee.
193:
Individuals defined by the Law on the
Improvement of the Legal Status of Resistance Fighters (law of 1/20/76, Stb. 19) adjudged as having spent time in service to the resistance.
595:
235:, and the date of institution, 1980. The cross is suspended by a ring from a ribbon coloured with asymmetric stripes: the left half is red-white-blue (for the
163:
The medal was instituted by Royal Decree (No. 104) on 29 December 1980, after the 35th anniversary of the liberation of the
Netherlands. It is worn after the
92:
190:
Anyone recognised by the
Council on Extraordinary Pension as a participant in the resistance, regardless of whether they were awarded a pension.
202:
Anyone who does not meet any preceding provisions, may still be considered a participant in the resistance in the judgement of the committee.
374:
605:
171:. The cross is only awarded at the request of a person eligible to receive it. Approximately 15,000 have been awarded, recorded in the
569:
324:
519:(in Dutch). Den Haag: Ministerie van Defensie Hoofddirectie Personeel Sectie Onderscheidingen. 2009. pp. 85–86
359:
610:
487:
454:
419:
339:
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168:
124:
215:
of the cross bears a vertical flaming sword, surmounted by the Dutch royal crown. Below the sword are the dates
319:
279:
459:
228:
239:) and the right half orange (the national color of the Netherlands) with a black border on each edge.
91:
469:
449:
344:
212:
561:
The legacy of Nazi occupation: patriotic memory and national recovery in
Western Europe, 1945-1965
404:
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369:
299:
164:
114:
43:
565:
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289:
580:
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The medal comprises a silver cross hung from a striped ribbon. The
196:
Soldiers of the Dutch
Internal Armed Forces in occupied territory.
539:"Resistance Commemorative Cross 1940–1945 : Mr C de Bakker"
223:. The horizontal arms of the cross are inscribed with the words
486:
It should not be confused with the rarer and more prestigious
564:, Pieter Lagrou, Cambridge University Press, 2000,
120:
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601:Orders, decorations, and medals of the Netherlands
183:The Resistance Memorial Cross may be awarded to:
8:
596:Recipients of the Resistance Memorial Cross
227:(Dutch: "to expel tyranny"), a line in the
29:
503:
7:
375:Prince Bernhard of Lippe-Biesterfeld
173:Gedenkenboek verzetsherdenkingskruis
340:Patrick Edward de Josselin de Jong
25:
90:
42:
138:Resistance Commemorative Cross
1:
325:Cornelis Pieter van den Hoek
148:) is a medal awarded in the
627:
606:Awards established in 1980
513:Handboek Onderscheidingen
488:Dutch Cross of Resistance
482:Dutch Cross of Resistance
455:Ida Veldhuyzen van Zanten
420:Pieter Meindert Schreuder
305:Sietje Gravendaal-Tammens
169:Medal for Order and Peace
134:Resistance Memorial Cross
125:Medal for Order and Peace
101:
89:
48:Resistance Memorial Cross
41:
33:Resistance Memorial Cross
320:Erik Hazelhoff Roelfzema
280:Jan van Borssum Buisman
146:Verzetsherdenkingskruis
36:Verzetsherdenkingskruis
18:Verzetsherdenkingskruis
231:. The reverse bears a
145:
460:Johan Hendrik Weidner
229:Dutch national anthem
470:Petrus Wijtse Winkel
225:DE TYRANNY VERDRYVEN
576:onderscheidingen.nl
450:Gerrit van der Veen
345:Ingeborg Kahlenberg
96:Ribbon of the cross
57:Commemorative medal
405:Atie Ridder-Visser
395:Selma van de Perre
370:Hannie van Leeuwen
300:Hendrika Gerritsen
243:Notable recipients
165:War Memorial Cross
152:to members of the
115:War Memorial Cross
111:Next (higher)
475:Francien de Zeeuw
440:Christiaan Tonnet
430:Bram van der Stok
415:Norbert Schmelzer
130:
129:
121:Next (lower)
16:(Redirected from
618:
611:Dutch resistance
547:
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529:
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465:Leonard Willmott
158:Second World War
154:Dutch resistance
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73:29 December 1980
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581:tracesofwar.com
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350:Pieter Koenraad
255:Willem Arondeus
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167:and before the
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65:The Netherlands
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554:External links
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543:www.awm.gov.au
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380:Caecilia Loots
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521:. Retrieved
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355:Anton de Kom
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62:Presented by
35:
523:28 December
310:Karl Gröger
295:Joke Folmer
285:Jaap Burger
265:Tex Banwell
260:Coosje Ayal
250:Aart Alblas
156:during the
150:Netherlands
70:Established
590:Categories
498:References
330:Hans Hoets
237:Dutch flag
233:Dutch lion
207:Appearance
106:Precedence
290:Boy Ecury
490:(Dutch:
179:Criteria
213:obverse
568:
219:above
81:15,000
517:(PDF)
142:Dutch
78:Total
27:Award
566:ISBN
525:2013
221:1945
217:1940
132:The
54:Type
136:or
592::
541:.
175:.
160:.
144::
545:.
527:.
140:(
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
