275:, would not be released until 2001. UltraHLE was the first emulator to be released for a current console, and it was seen to have some effect on Nintendo 64 sales, though to what degree compared with diminishing sales on the aging consoles was not clear. Nintendo pursued legal action to stop the emulator project, and while the original authors ceased development, the project continued by others who had gotten the source code. Since then, Nintendo has generally taken the lead in actions against emulation projects or distributions of emulated games from their consoles compared to other console or arcade manufacturers.
940:. Freeware tools allow codes given by such programs to be converted into code that can be read directly by the emulator's built-in cheating system, and even allow cheats to be toggled from the menu. The debugging tools featured in many emulators also aid gamers in creating their own such cheats. Similar systems can also be used to enable Widescreen Hacks for certain games, allowing the user to play games which were not originally intended for widescreen, without having to worry about aspect ratio distortion on widescreen monitors.
416:
supporting the development of emulators. Some users of emulation also see emulation as means to preserve games from companies that have long-since gone bankrupt or disappeared from the industry's earlier market crash and contractions, and where ownership of the property is unclear. Emulation can also be seen as a means to enhance functionality of the original game that would otherwise not be possible, such as adding in localizations via ROM patches or new features such as
357:, with one person performing the disassembling and another person, separately, documenting the function of the code. Once enough information is obtained regarding how the hardware interprets the game software, an emulation on the target hardware can then be constructed. Emulation developers typically avoid any information that may come from untraceable sources to avoid contaminating the clean room nature of their project. For example, in 2020, a
438:
142:
45:
801:
models released in Japan and North
America removed some PS2 hardware components, replacing it with software emulation working alongside the video hardware to achieve partial hardware/software emulation. In later releases, backwards compatibility with PS2 titles was completely removed along with the PS2 graphics chip, and eventually Sony released PS2 titles with software emulation on the
2384:
850:
loading is a necessity for most console emulators, as most computing devices do not have the hardware required to run older console games directly from the physical game media itself. Even with optical media system emulators such as the PlayStation and PlayStation 2, attempting to run games from the
649:
uses software emulation to allow the purchasing and playing of games for old systems on this modern hardware. Though not all games are available, the
Virtual Console has a large collection of games spanning a wide variety of consoles. The Virtual Console's library of past games currently consists of
923:
Although it is usually possible to modify the consoles themselves to bypass regional lockouts, console modifications can cause problems with screens not being displayed correctly and games running too fast or slow, due to the fact that the console itself may not be designed to output to the correct
907:
Some consoles have a regional lockout, preventing the user from being able to play games outside of the designated game region. This can be considered a nuisance for console gamers as some games feature seemingly inexplicable localization differences between regions, such as differences in the time
580:
had been sued by
Nintendo because the group behind the emulator had provided such information on how to obtain the required decryption keys, leading the group to settle with Nintendo and removing the emulator from distribution. Forked projects from Yuzu since appeared, taking the route of informing
408:
and move quickly onto new technology to continue their business model. There are further concerns related to intellectual property of the console's branding and of games' assets that could be misused, though these are issues less with emulation itself but with how the software is subsequently used.
407:
for console games, where consoles are sold near cost and revenue instead obtained from licenses on game sales. With console emulation being developed even while consoles are still on the market, console manufacturers are forced to continue to innovate, bring more games for their systems to market,
800:
uses software emulation to play original PlayStation titles, and the PlayStation Store sells games that run through an emulator within the machine. In the original
Japanese and North American 60 GB and 20 GB models, original PS2 hardware is present to run titles; however all PAL models, and later
791:
through an emulator. On June 15, 2015, Microsoft announced the Xbox One would be backwards compatible with Xbox 360 through emulation. In June 2017, they announced original Xbox titles would also be available for backwards compatibility through emulation, but because the Xbox original runs on the
368:
Once an emulator is written, it then requires a copy of the game software to be obtained, a step that may have legal consequences. Typically, this requires the user to make a copy of the contents of the ROM cartridge to computer files or images that can be read by the emulator, a process known as
344:
of the hardware information as to avoid any possible conflicts with non-public intellectual property. Some information may be made public for developers on the hardware's specifications which can be used to start efforts on emulation but there are often layers of information that remain as trade
219:
had progressed to the point where it was technically feasible to replicate the behavior of some of the earliest consoles entirely through software, and the first unauthorized, non-commercial console emulators began to appear. These early programs were often incomplete, only partially emulating a
415:
efforts, both in shifting game information from outdated technology into newer, more persistent formats, and providing software or hardware alternates to aged hardware. Concerns about cost, availability, and longevity of game software and console hardware have also been cited as a reason for
309:
emulator that was noted by author Casey O'Donnell as having contributed to the development of tools for the console that were seen as superior to even those provided by
Nintendo, so much so that even some licensed game developers used the tools to develop games for the console.
851:
actual disc may cause problems such as hangs and malfunction as PC optical drives are not designed to spin discs the way those consoles do. This, however, has led to the advantage of it being far easier to modify the actual game's files contained within the game ROMs. Amateur
771:
subscription service, Nintendo subsequently released an app featuring an on-demand library of NES and SNES titles updated regularly. The app features similar features to
Virtual Console titles, including save states, as well as a pixel scaler mode and an effect that simulates
424:
stated that he hoped for video game companies to eventually develop and propagate legal emulation which would allow users to play any game from the past that they already owned a copy of, characterizing it as "a great North Star" for the industry to aim towards in the future.
718:. Virtual Console titles have been downloaded over ten million times. Each game is distributed with a dedicated emulator tweaked to run the game as well as possible. However, it lacks the enhancements that unofficial emulators provide, and many titles are still unavailable.
524:(DMCA), has codified these rules as allowed exemptions to bypass technical copyright protections on console hardware. However, emulator developers cannot incorporate code that may have been embedded within the hardware BIOS, nor ship the BIOS image with their emulators.
373:
CD games. While not required for emulation of the earliest arcade or home console, most emulators also require a dump of the hardware's BIOS, which could vary with distribution region and hardware revisions. In some cases, emulators allow for the application of ROM
378:
which update the ROM or BIOS dump to fix incompatibilities with newer platforms or change aspects of the game itself. The emulator subsequently uses the BIOS dump to mimic the hardware while the ROM dump (with any patches) is used to replicate the game software.
898:
functionality and the ability to speed up and slow down the emulation speed. This allows the user to fast-forward through unwanted cutscenes for example, or the ability to disable the framelimiter entirely (useful for benchmarking purposes).
535:. Accordingly, video game publishers and developers have taken legal action against websites that illegally redistribute their copyrighted software, successfully forcing sites to remove their titles or taking down the websites entirely.
1533:, 574 F.Supp. 999, aff'd, 704 F.2d 1009 (9th Cir 1982) (holding the computer ROM of Pac Man to be a sufficient fixation for purposes of copyright law even though the game changes each time played.) and Article 2 of the Berne Convention
891:(which allow the user to save a game at any point for debugging or re-try) and decreased boot and loading times. Some emulators feature an option to "quickly" boot a game, bypassing the console manufacturer's original splash screens.
838:
Although the primary purpose of emulation is to make older video-games execute on newer systems, there are several advantages inherent in the extra flexibility of software emulation that were not possible on the original systems.
863:
that were present in the original game, as well as updating old sports games with modern rosters. It is even possible to use high-resolution texture pack upgrades for 3-D games and sometimes 2-D if available and possible.
199:(a copy of optical media). While emulation software itself are legal as long as they don't infringe copyright protections on the console, emulating games is only so when legitimately purchasing the game physically and
398:
related to ROM images of games, typically distributed freely and without hardware restrictions. While this directly impacts potential sales of emulated games and thus the publishers and developers, the nature of the
571:
to make emulation more difficult from a technical perspective but also can create further legal challenges under the DMCA, which forbids the distribution of tools and information on how to bypass these layers. The
754:
was programmed by Iwata, and the game was activated by performing a motion gesture with a pair of Joy-Con that Iwata had famously used during
Nintendo's video presentations. It was suggested that the inclusion of
278:
This rise in popularity opened the door to foreign video games, and exposed North
American gamers to Nintendo's censorship policies. This rapid growth in the development of emulators in turn fed the growth of the
532:
477:
continued to advance and become more popular, emulator developers grew more skilled in their work, the length of time between the commercial release of a console and its successful emulation began to shrink.
173:'s hardware and play its games on the emulating platform. More often than not, emulators carry additional features that surpass limitations of the original hardware, such as broader controller compatibility,
1502:
317:
began allowing emulators on the App Store, lifting a ban that had lasted nearly 16 years. Following this decision, numerous emulators such as Delta, Sutāto, and RetroArch appeared on the store.
248:
product. Programs like Marat
Fayzullin's iNES, VirtualGameBoy, Pasofami (NES), Super Pasofami (SNES), and VSMC (SNES) were the most popular console emulators of this era. A curiosity was also
808:
Commercial developers have also used emulation as a means to repackage and reissue older games on newer consoles in retail releases. For example, Sega has created several collections of
382:
ROM files and ISO files are created by either specialized tools for game cartridges, or regular optical drives reading the data. As an alternative, specialized adapters such as the
924:
format for the game. These problems can be overcome on emulators, as they are usually designed with their own output modules, which can run both NTSC and PAL games without issue.
1529:
498:, saw significant progress toward emulation during their production. This led to an effort by console manufacturers to stop unofficial emulation, but consistent failures such as
2345:
548:
581:
users what decryption items they would need but otherwise not stating how to acquire these as to stay within
Nintendo's stance against emulation and copyright infringement.
872:
Software that emulates a console can be improved with additional capabilities that the original system did not have. These include Enhanced graphical capabilities, such as
2335:
2254:
491:
479:
2340:
394:
Outside of official usage, emulation has generally been seen negatively by video game console manufacturers and game developers. The largest concern is nature of
920:
which added more ingame skills, changes to some bosses, and even more bosses, Dark Aeons, that weren't available in the North American NTSC release of the game.
2042:
62:
936:, make it far easier to load console-based cheats, without requiring potentially expensive proprietary hardware devices such as those used by GameShark and
788:
2173:
203:
the contents. Freely downloading or uploading game ROMs across various internet sites is considered to be a form of piracy, and users may be sued for
1861:
2178:
2158:
2148:
1373:
625:
Due to the high demand of playing old games on modern systems, consoles have begun incorporating emulation technology. The most notable of these is
224:. Few manufacturers published technical specifications for their hardware, which left programmers to deduce the exact workings of a console through
1837:
2183:
2168:
2163:
2153:
2143:
2123:
1096:
2404:
1786:
1023:
2247:
2106:
949:
20:
109:
1956:
297:
drew even more users into the emulation scene. Additionally, the development of some emulators has contributed to improved resources for
2135:
968:
These target platforms usually have available compilers to allow such emulators to be available. Computer systems are not included, see
655:
556:
as long as the user obtained a legally purchased copy of the machine. To mitigate this however, several emulators for platforms such as
516:
214 F.3d 1022 (2000), have had the opposite effect, which has ruled that emulators, developed through clean room design, are legal. The
237:
81:
260:
gained wider availability, distribution of both emulator software and ROM images became more common, helping to popularize emulators.
1811:
2330:
2035:
1286:
969:
421:
128:
26:
244:. The first such recognized emulator was released around 1996, being one of the prototype projects that eventually merged into the
88:
2240:
2070:
521:
232:'s consoles tended to be the most commonly studied, for example the most advanced early emulators reproduced the workings of the
1543:
403:
of the industry can lead to potential financial harm to console makers. Further, emulation challenges the industry's use of the
725:
2211:
2082:
1762:
856:
506:
365:
emulator for GameCube and Wii stated they were staying far away from the leaked information to avoid tainting their project.
284:
95:
66:
1427:
887:
Emulation software may offer improved audio capabilities (e.g. decreased latency and better audio interpolation), enhanced
823:
651:
233:
2374:
1614:
1146:
2325:
2216:
2028:
1250:
77:
1737:
1667:
810:
185:
1309:
613:
has since issued an advisory warning users to avoid downloading such software, in response to reports of a purported
1599:
386:
allow emulators to directly access the data on game cartridges without needing to copy it into a ROM image first.
55:
601:
and elsewhere. Some scams, such as the purported "PCSX4" emulator, have even gone so far as to setting up a fake
1572:
706:. The service for the Wii also includes games for platforms that were known only in select regions, such as the
610:
590:
1718:
1548:
2065:
1070:
412:
325:
Emulators can be designed in three ways: purely operating in software which is the most common form such as
1890:
1453:
895:
768:
730:
404:
395:
298:
204:
182:
1121:
1046:
102:
2206:
2094:
2077:
881:
873:
517:
370:
256:, possibly marking the first instance of a software emulator running on a console. Additionally, as the
997:
Having these improved textures requires a demanding graphics chipset which is capable of handling such.
369:"dumping" the contents of the ROM. A similar concept applies to other proprietary formats, such as for
1477:
181:), and unlocking of gameplay features. Emulators are also a useful tool in the development process of
141:
2357:
2221:
1330:
606:
561:
593:
programs designed to mimic the appearance of a legitimate emulator, which are then promoted through
271:
released in 1999 while the Nintendo 64 was still Nintendo's primary console – its next console, the
2352:
1194:
1019:
341:
225:
527:
Unauthorized distribution of copyrighted code remains illegal, according to both country-specific
2388:
2118:
2113:
2051:
827:
743:
362:
216:
170:
1984:
1693:
2279:
2101:
1577:
1282:
1276:
1224:
802:
735:
594:
375:
354:
33:
177:
control (such as fast-forwarding and rewinding), easier access to memory modifications (like
1400:
819:
773:
703:
671:
557:
500:
495:
306:
302:
288:
1251:"How Three Kids With No Experience Beat Square And Translated Final Fantasy V Into English"
1908:
1378:
916:
722:
630:
614:
589:
Due to their popularity, emulators have also been a target of online scams in the form of
577:
573:
293:
1787:"Hidden Switch game is actually a tribute to former Nintendo president [Updated]"
1193:
Conley, James; Andros, Ed; Chinai, Priti; Lipkowitz, Elise; Perez, David (Spring 2004).
1932:
910:
728:
contained an embedded NES emulator, referred to internally as "flog", running the game
663:
437:
2398:
1358:
937:
797:
750:, who died in 2015: the game was only accessible on July 11 (the date of his death),
695:
683:
605:
repository, presumably for added trustworthiness especially to those unfamiliar with
174:
880:
resolution to match high definition and even higher display resolutions, as well as
2315:
2310:
2284:
2201:
2089:
860:
747:
714:(Japan), as well as Virtual Console Arcade, which allows players to download video
707:
687:
638:
350:
330:
253:
221:
1999:
191:
The code and data of a game are typically supplied to the emulator by means of a
2289:
1970:
1428:"Pirating Metroid aside, emulators play an important role in games preservation"
877:
715:
675:
667:
487:
483:
400:
280:
268:
150:
44:
796:
architecture, CPU emulation is unnecessary, greatly improving performance. The
888:
852:
847:
568:
1478:"Phil Spencer hopes for industry-wide emulation, even as Xbox emulation ends"
1838:"Welcome to NES-flix: Testing Nintendo Online's new 8-bit library on Switch"
539:
528:
417:
345:
secrets such as encryption details. Operating code stored in the hardware's
334:
314:
249:
196:
178:
155:
145:
1642:
2232:
1812:"Nintendo Switch Online Service: More Details Revealed In Nintendo Direct"
1195:"Use of a Game Over: Emulation and the Video Game Industry, A White Paper"
1722:
1697:
1374:"Using Leaked Nintendo Source Code Poses Serious Legal Risk to Emulators"
780:
659:
626:
553:
474:
358:
272:
264:
257:
241:
229:
192:
188:
and the creation of new games for older, discontinued, or rare consoles.
166:
2294:
985:
760:
739:
598:
383:
200:
2020:
1122:"Yes, Downloading Nintendo ROMs Is Illegal (Even if You Own the Game)"
1344:
933:
859:
of foreign games, rewritten dialogue within a game, applied fixes to
764:
602:
564:
to simulate BIOS subroutines at a slight cost in emulation accuracy.
512:
301:
software development for certain consoles, such as was the case with
245:
1643:"PS4 emulators on PC don't work yet, so don't get scammed by a fake"
1097:"Nintendo wins $ 2.1million in legal case against ROMUniverse owner"
617:
emulator released by various websites as a front for a survey scam.
359:
large trove of information related to Nintendo's consoles was leaked
1600:"How Nintendo's destruction of Yuzu is rocking the emulator world"
1454:"Microsoft gaming chief calls for industry-wide game preservation"
642:
140:
1278:
Developer's dilemma : the secret world of videogame creators
1619:
1615:"Don't get conned: That free Nintendo Switch emulator is a scam"
784:
679:
543:
346:
326:
2236:
2024:
1544:"COOLROM.COM FORCED REMOVAL OF NINTENDO ROMS DUE TO COPYRIGHTS"
1503:"Sony Computer Entertainment America v. Bleem, 214 F. 3d 1022"
981:
793:
711:
699:
691:
634:
432:
361:, and teams working on Nintendo console emulators such as the
38:
2000:"Game Genie, Action Replay, and Other Cheat Codes for SNES9x"
1957:"Pal versus NTSC versions of gt4: What are the differences?"
1199:
Northwestern Journal of Technology and Intellectual Property
263:
Legal attention was drawn to emulations with the release of
1509:. Court of Appeals (published 4 May 2000). 14 February 2000
329:
using ROM images; purely operating in hardware such as the
32:"Console emulator" redirects here. Not to be confused with
1763:"Hidden NES Golf Game on Switch a Tribute to Satoru Iwata"
746:
was believed to be a tribute to former Nintendo president
507:
Sony Computer Entertainment, Inc. v. Connectix Corporation
1020:"The Pros and Cons of Playing Video Games on an Emulator"
1738:"Switch's hidden Iwata tribute removed in latest update"
1188:
1186:
1862:"Play PSone and PlayStation 2 Games on a PlayStation 3"
1184:
1182:
1180:
1178:
1176:
1174:
1172:
1170:
1168:
1166:
908:
requirements for driving missions and license tests on
767:
intended to provide luck or protection. As part of its
449:
2372:
1530:
Midway Manufacturing Co. v. Artic International, Inc.
1422:
1420:
1147:"How the Game Boy found a new life through emulation"
567:
Newer consoles have introduced one or more layers of
16:
Program that reproduces video game console's behavior
1281:. Cambridge, Massachusetts: MIT Press. p. 241.
549:
Lewis Galoob Toys, Inc. v. Nintendo of America, Inc.
2303:
2272:
2134:
2058:
1891:"Digital Foundry vs. PS2 Classics on PlayStation 3"
1717:Thorson, Tor; Ramsay, Randolph (20 February 2008).
783:is not natively backwards compatible with original
69:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
1668:"FTC warns against fake Nintendo Switch emulators"
894:Furthermore, emulation software may offer online
560:are capable of running without a BIOS file, using
980:The Xbox architecture is similar to a PC with an
1310:"Apple Allowing Game Emulators in the App Store"
1573:"Nintendo sues to shut down two big ROM sites"
2248:
2036:
8:
513:Sony Computer Entertainment America v. Bleem
411:Alternatively, emulation is seen to enhance
169:that allows a computing device to emulate a
789:backwards compatibility with popular titles
2269:
2255:
2241:
2233:
2043:
2029:
2021:
818:, Nintendo also used this tactic, such as
531:and international copyright law under the
1933:"Gran Turismo 4 - The Cutting Room Floor"
1694:"Nintendo Japan Virtual Console overview"
340:An emulator is created typically through
287:. The release of projects such as RPGe's
129:Learn how and when to remove this message
1401:"Ripping Games - Emulation General Wiki"
984:architecture, whereas the Xbox 360 is a
2379:
1010:
961:
1810:Knezevic, Kevin (September 17, 2018).
195:(a copy of game cartridge data) or an
1884:
1882:
1866:Sony Playstation Services and Support
928:Cheating and widescreen functionality
855:and gaming enthusiasts have produced
721:Until the 4.0.0 firmware update, the
538:Under United States law, obtaining a
7:
1889:Leadbetter, Richard (21 July 2012).
950:List of video game console emulators
779:Due to differences in hardware, the
67:adding citations to reliable sources
21:List of video game console emulators
787:games. However, Microsoft achieved
252:'s unreleased NES emulator for the
238:Super Nintendo Entertainment System
25:For computer system emulators, see
1719:"Q&A: Nintendo's Satoru Iwata"
1071:"Emulating the gaming world on DS"
759:was intended as a digital form of
552:, 964 F.2d 965 (9th Cir. 1992) as
14:
1026:from the original on May 19, 2024
970:List of computer system emulators
27:List of computer system emulators
2382:
763:—a traditional form of Japanese
522:Digital Millennium Copyright Act
436:
43:
1641:Fenlon, Wes (15 January 2019).
1613:Musil, Steven (30 March 2017).
710:(Europe and North America) and
542:copy of the original machine's
504:977 F.2d 1510 (9th Cir. 1992),
54:needs additional citations for
1909:"Classic NES Series (Concept)"
1836:Machkovech, Sam (2018-09-19).
1452:Totilo, Stephen (2021-11-17).
1372:Gault, Matthew (May 6, 2020).
1120:Scharon Harding (2018-07-26).
1045:Rich Wordsworth (2016-09-25).
633:. Originally released for the
1:
2405:Video game platform emulators
1736:Frank, Allegra (2017-12-27).
1225:"An Interview with Yuji Naka"
1145:Stephen, Bijan (2019-04-18).
1095:Hughes, Thomas (2021-06-01).
1018:Stenger, Ben (May 31, 2021).
652:Nintendo Entertainment System
234:Nintendo Entertainment System
78:"Video game console emulator"
1571:Good, Owen (July 22, 2018).
932:Many emulators, for example
843:ROM hacking and modification
650:titles originating from the
1985:"Version Differences (FFX)"
1047:"Are game emulators legal?"
903:Bypassing regional lockouts
868:Enhanced technical features
220:given system, resulting in
163:video game console emulator
2421:
1405:emulation.gametechwiki.com
546:is legal under the ruling
31:
24:
18:
2268:
2192:
1275:O'Donnell, Casey (2014).
914:, and the PAL version of
510:203 F.3d 596 (2000), and
611:Federal Trade Commission
585:Impersonation by malware
475:global computer networks
2263:Video games by platform
2066:Home video game console
494:handhelds, such as the
413:video game preservation
884:(texture sharpening).
769:Nintendo Switch Online
678:, and Wii, as well as
396:copyright infringement
267:, an emulator for the
205:copyright infringement
158:
2179:Eighth (2012–present)
2078:Handheld game console
882:anisotropic filtering
874:spatial anti-aliasing
637:, but present on the
518:Librarian of Congress
333:'s adapter to accept
144:
2304:Related technologies
2184:Ninth (2020–present)
1761:Humphries, Matthew.
1505:. 9th Circuit 2000.
607:open-source software
562:high-level emulation
420:. In November 2021,
353:to be analyzed in a
63:improve this article
2174:Seventh (2005–2017)
2052:Video game consoles
876:, upscaling of the
342:reverse engineering
313:On April 17, 2024,
226:reverse engineering
2273:Hardware platforms
2159:Fourth (1987–2004)
2149:Second (1976–1992)
1552:. February 3, 2015
1484:. 18 November 2021
828:Classic NES Series
814:games. Before the
811:Sonic the Hedgehog
688:Genesis/Mega Drive
448:. You can help by
217:personal computers
215:By the mid-1990s,
171:video game console
159:
2370:
2369:
2366:
2365:
2326:Geolocation-based
2295:Personal computer
2230:
2229:
2169:Sixth (1998–2013)
2164:Fifth (1993–2006)
2154:Third (1983–2003)
2144:First (1972–1980)
2102:Dedicated console
1345:"Sutāto Emulator"
803:PlayStation Store
736:motion controller
609:development. The
482:consoles such as
473:As computers and
466:
465:
355:clean room design
139:
138:
131:
113:
34:Terminal emulator
2412:
2387:
2386:
2385:
2378:
2270:
2257:
2250:
2243:
2234:
2045:
2038:
2031:
2022:
2015:
2014:
2012:
2010:
1995:
1989:
1988:
1981:
1975:
1974:
1967:
1961:
1960:
1959:. 12 April 2006.
1953:
1947:
1946:
1944:
1943:
1929:
1923:
1922:
1920:
1919:
1905:
1899:
1898:
1886:
1877:
1876:
1874:
1872:
1858:
1852:
1851:
1849:
1848:
1833:
1827:
1826:
1824:
1822:
1807:
1801:
1800:
1798:
1797:
1783:
1777:
1776:
1774:
1773:
1758:
1752:
1751:
1749:
1748:
1733:
1727:
1726:
1714:
1708:
1707:
1705:
1704:
1690:
1684:
1683:
1681:
1679:
1664:
1658:
1657:
1655:
1653:
1638:
1632:
1631:
1629:
1627:
1610:
1604:
1603:
1602:. 14 March 2024.
1596:
1590:
1589:
1587:
1585:
1568:
1562:
1561:
1559:
1557:
1540:
1534:
1525:
1519:
1518:
1516:
1514:
1499:
1493:
1492:
1490:
1489:
1474:
1468:
1467:
1465:
1464:
1449:
1443:
1442:
1440:
1439:
1424:
1415:
1414:
1412:
1411:
1397:
1391:
1390:
1388:
1386:
1369:
1363:
1362:
1355:
1349:
1348:
1347:. 29 April 2024.
1341:
1335:
1334:
1333:. 22 April 2024.
1331:"Delta Emulator"
1327:
1321:
1320:
1318:
1317:
1306:
1300:
1299:
1297:
1295:
1272:
1266:
1265:
1263:
1262:
1247:
1241:
1240:
1238:
1236:
1221:
1215:
1214:
1212:
1210:
1190:
1161:
1160:
1158:
1157:
1142:
1136:
1135:
1133:
1132:
1117:
1111:
1110:
1108:
1107:
1092:
1086:
1085:
1083:
1082:
1067:
1061:
1060:
1058:
1057:
1042:
1036:
1035:
1033:
1031:
1015:
998:
995:
989:
978:
972:
966:
820:Game Boy Advance
672:Game Boy Advance
558:Game Boy Advance
533:Berne Convention
501:Sega v. Accolade
496:Game Boy Advance
492:sixth generation
480:Fifth generation
461:
458:
440:
433:
405:razorblade model
307:Game Boy Advance
303:VisualBoyAdvance
289:English language
134:
127:
123:
120:
114:
112:
71:
47:
39:
2420:
2419:
2415:
2414:
2413:
2411:
2410:
2409:
2395:
2394:
2393:
2383:
2381:
2373:
2371:
2362:
2358:Virtual reality
2299:
2264:
2261:
2231:
2226:
2188:
2130:
2054:
2049:
2019:
2018:
2008:
2006:
1997:
1996:
1992:
1983:
1982:
1978:
1969:
1968:
1964:
1955:
1954:
1950:
1941:
1939:
1931:
1930:
1926:
1917:
1915:
1907:
1906:
1902:
1888:
1887:
1880:
1870:
1868:
1860:
1859:
1855:
1846:
1844:
1835:
1834:
1830:
1820:
1818:
1809:
1808:
1804:
1795:
1793:
1785:
1784:
1780:
1771:
1769:
1760:
1759:
1755:
1746:
1744:
1735:
1734:
1730:
1716:
1715:
1711:
1702:
1700:
1696:(in Japanese).
1692:
1691:
1687:
1677:
1675:
1674:. 23 April 2017
1666:
1665:
1661:
1651:
1649:
1640:
1639:
1635:
1625:
1623:
1612:
1611:
1607:
1598:
1597:
1593:
1583:
1581:
1570:
1569:
1565:
1555:
1553:
1542:
1541:
1537:
1526:
1522:
1512:
1510:
1501:
1500:
1496:
1487:
1485:
1476:
1475:
1471:
1462:
1460:
1451:
1450:
1446:
1437:
1435:
1426:
1425:
1418:
1409:
1407:
1399:
1398:
1394:
1384:
1382:
1371:
1370:
1366:
1357:
1356:
1352:
1343:
1342:
1338:
1329:
1328:
1324:
1315:
1313:
1312:. 17 April 2024
1308:
1307:
1303:
1293:
1291:
1289:
1274:
1273:
1269:
1260:
1258:
1257:. 25 April 2017
1249:
1248:
1244:
1234:
1232:
1223:
1222:
1218:
1208:
1206:
1192:
1191:
1164:
1155:
1153:
1144:
1143:
1139:
1130:
1128:
1119:
1118:
1114:
1105:
1103:
1094:
1093:
1089:
1080:
1078:
1069:
1068:
1064:
1055:
1053:
1044:
1043:
1039:
1029:
1027:
1017:
1016:
1012:
1007:
1002:
1001:
996:
992:
979:
975:
967:
963:
958:
946:
930:
917:Final Fantasy X
905:
870:
845:
836:
822:re-releases of
816:Virtual Console
726:system software
723:Nintendo Switch
647:Virtual Console
631:Virtual Console
623:
615:Nintendo Switch
587:
574:Nintendo Switch
471:
462:
456:
453:
446:needs expansion
431:
392:
323:
294:Final Fantasy V
291:translation of
285:fan-translation
213:
135:
124:
118:
115:
72:
70:
60:
48:
37:
30:
23:
17:
12:
11:
5:
2418:
2416:
2408:
2407:
2397:
2396:
2392:
2391:
2368:
2367:
2364:
2363:
2361:
2360:
2355:
2353:Social network
2350:
2349:
2348:
2343:
2338:
2328:
2323:
2318:
2313:
2307:
2305:
2301:
2300:
2298:
2297:
2292:
2287:
2282:
2276:
2274:
2266:
2265:
2262:
2260:
2259:
2252:
2245:
2237:
2228:
2227:
2225:
2224:
2219:
2214:
2209:
2204:
2199:
2193:
2190:
2189:
2187:
2186:
2181:
2176:
2171:
2166:
2161:
2156:
2151:
2146:
2140:
2138:
2132:
2131:
2129:
2128:
2127:
2126:
2116:
2114:Hybrid console
2111:
2110:
2109:
2099:
2098:
2097:
2087:
2086:
2085:
2075:
2074:
2073:
2062:
2060:
2056:
2055:
2050:
2048:
2047:
2040:
2033:
2025:
2017:
2016:
1990:
1976:
1962:
1948:
1924:
1900:
1878:
1853:
1828:
1802:
1778:
1753:
1728:
1709:
1685:
1672:TrustedReviews
1659:
1633:
1605:
1591:
1563:
1535:
1520:
1507:Google Scholar
1494:
1469:
1444:
1416:
1392:
1364:
1361:. 17 May 2024.
1350:
1336:
1322:
1301:
1287:
1267:
1242:
1231:. 15 June 2004
1229:The Next Level
1216:
1162:
1137:
1126:Tom's Hardware
1112:
1087:
1077:. 15 July 2016
1062:
1037:
1009:
1008:
1006:
1003:
1000:
999:
990:
973:
960:
959:
957:
954:
953:
952:
945:
942:
929:
926:
911:Gran Turismo 4
904:
901:
869:
866:
844:
841:
835:
832:
826:titles in the
774:CRT television
738:support using
664:Game Boy Color
622:
619:
586:
583:
470:
467:
464:
463:
443:
441:
430:
427:
391:
388:
322:
319:
212:
209:
137:
136:
51:
49:
42:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2417:
2406:
2403:
2402:
2400:
2390:
2380:
2376:
2359:
2356:
2354:
2351:
2347:
2344:
2342:
2339:
2337:
2334:
2333:
2332:
2329:
2327:
2324:
2322:
2319:
2317:
2314:
2312:
2309:
2308:
2306:
2302:
2296:
2293:
2291:
2288:
2286:
2283:
2281:
2278:
2277:
2275:
2271:
2267:
2258:
2253:
2251:
2246:
2244:
2239:
2238:
2235:
2223:
2220:
2218:
2215:
2213:
2210:
2208:
2205:
2203:
2200:
2198:
2195:
2194:
2191:
2185:
2182:
2180:
2177:
2175:
2172:
2170:
2167:
2165:
2162:
2160:
2157:
2155:
2152:
2150:
2147:
2145:
2142:
2141:
2139:
2137:
2133:
2125:
2122:
2121:
2120:
2119:Retro console
2117:
2115:
2112:
2108:
2105:
2104:
2103:
2100:
2096:
2093:
2092:
2091:
2088:
2084:
2081:
2080:
2079:
2076:
2072:
2069:
2068:
2067:
2064:
2063:
2061:
2057:
2053:
2046:
2041:
2039:
2034:
2032:
2027:
2026:
2023:
2005:
2001:
1994:
1991:
1986:
1980:
1977:
1972:
1966:
1963:
1958:
1952:
1949:
1938:
1934:
1928:
1925:
1914:
1910:
1904:
1901:
1896:
1892:
1885:
1883:
1879:
1867:
1863:
1857:
1854:
1843:
1839:
1832:
1829:
1817:
1813:
1806:
1803:
1792:
1788:
1782:
1779:
1768:
1764:
1757:
1754:
1743:
1739:
1732:
1729:
1724:
1720:
1713:
1710:
1699:
1695:
1689:
1686:
1673:
1669:
1663:
1660:
1648:
1644:
1637:
1634:
1622:
1621:
1616:
1609:
1606:
1601:
1595:
1592:
1580:
1579:
1574:
1567:
1564:
1551:
1550:
1549:RealGamerNewZ
1545:
1539:
1536:
1532:
1531:
1524:
1521:
1508:
1504:
1498:
1495:
1483:
1479:
1473:
1470:
1459:
1455:
1448:
1445:
1433:
1429:
1423:
1421:
1417:
1406:
1402:
1396:
1393:
1381:
1380:
1375:
1368:
1365:
1360:
1354:
1351:
1346:
1340:
1337:
1332:
1326:
1323:
1311:
1305:
1302:
1290:
1288:9780262028196
1284:
1280:
1279:
1271:
1268:
1256:
1252:
1246:
1243:
1230:
1226:
1220:
1217:
1204:
1200:
1196:
1189:
1187:
1185:
1183:
1181:
1179:
1177:
1175:
1173:
1171:
1169:
1167:
1163:
1152:
1148:
1141:
1138:
1127:
1123:
1116:
1113:
1102:
1098:
1091:
1088:
1076:
1072:
1066:
1063:
1052:
1048:
1041:
1038:
1025:
1021:
1014:
1011:
1004:
994:
991:
987:
983:
977:
974:
971:
965:
962:
955:
951:
948:
947:
943:
941:
939:
938:Action Replay
935:
927:
925:
921:
919:
918:
913:
912:
902:
900:
897:
892:
890:
885:
883:
879:
875:
867:
865:
862:
858:
854:
849:
842:
840:
833:
831:
829:
825:
821:
817:
813:
812:
806:
804:
799:
798:PlayStation 3
795:
790:
786:
782:
777:
775:
770:
766:
762:
758:
753:
749:
745:
741:
737:
733:
732:
727:
724:
719:
717:
713:
709:
705:
701:
697:
696:TurboGrafx-16
693:
689:
685:
684:Master System
681:
677:
673:
669:
665:
661:
657:
653:
648:
644:
640:
636:
632:
628:
620:
618:
616:
612:
608:
604:
600:
596:
592:
584:
582:
579:
575:
570:
565:
563:
559:
555:
551:
550:
545:
541:
536:
534:
530:
525:
523:
519:
515:
514:
509:
508:
503:
502:
497:
493:
489:
485:
481:
476:
469:United States
468:
460:
451:
447:
444:This section
442:
439:
435:
434:
428:
426:
423:
419:
414:
409:
406:
402:
397:
389:
387:
385:
380:
377:
372:
366:
364:
360:
356:
352:
348:
343:
338:
336:
332:
328:
320:
318:
316:
311:
308:
304:
300:
296:
295:
290:
286:
282:
276:
274:
270:
266:
261:
259:
255:
251:
247:
243:
239:
235:
231:
227:
223:
218:
210:
208:
206:
202:
198:
194:
189:
187:
184:
180:
176:
172:
168:
165:is a type of
164:
157:
153:
152:
147:
143:
133:
130:
122:
119:February 2015
111:
108:
104:
101:
97:
94:
90:
87:
83:
80: –
79:
75:
74:Find sources:
68:
64:
58:
57:
52:This article
50:
46:
41:
40:
35:
28:
22:
2320:
2222:Manufacturer
2196:
2090:Microconsole
2007:. Retrieved
2003:
1993:
1979:
1971:"Dark Aeons"
1965:
1951:
1940:. Retrieved
1936:
1927:
1916:. Retrieved
1912:
1903:
1894:
1869:. Retrieved
1865:
1856:
1845:. Retrieved
1842:Ars Technica
1841:
1831:
1819:. Retrieved
1815:
1805:
1794:. Retrieved
1791:Ars Technica
1790:
1781:
1770:. Retrieved
1766:
1756:
1745:. Retrieved
1741:
1731:
1712:
1701:. Retrieved
1688:
1676:. Retrieved
1671:
1662:
1650:. Retrieved
1646:
1636:
1624:. Retrieved
1618:
1608:
1594:
1582:. Retrieved
1576:
1566:
1554:. Retrieved
1547:
1538:
1527:
1523:
1511:. Retrieved
1506:
1497:
1486:. Retrieved
1481:
1472:
1461:. Retrieved
1457:
1447:
1436:. Retrieved
1434:. 2021-10-19
1431:
1408:. Retrieved
1404:
1395:
1383:. Retrieved
1377:
1367:
1359:"Retro Arch"
1353:
1339:
1325:
1314:. Retrieved
1304:
1294:15 September
1292:. Retrieved
1277:
1270:
1259:. Retrieved
1254:
1245:
1233:. Retrieved
1228:
1219:
1209:September 2,
1207:. Retrieved
1202:
1198:
1154:. Retrieved
1150:
1140:
1129:. Retrieved
1125:
1115:
1104:. Retrieved
1100:
1090:
1079:. Retrieved
1074:
1065:
1054:. Retrieved
1050:
1040:
1028:. Retrieved
1013:
993:
976:
964:
931:
922:
915:
909:
906:
893:
886:
871:
857:translations
846:
837:
815:
809:
807:
778:
756:
751:
748:Satoru Iwata
729:
720:
716:arcade games
708:Commodore 64
646:
624:
621:Official use
591:trojan horse
588:
566:
547:
537:
526:
520:, under the
511:
505:
499:
472:
457:January 2010
454:
450:adding to it
445:
429:Legal issues
422:Phil Spencer
410:
393:
390:Perspectives
381:
367:
351:disassembled
339:
337:cartridges.
331:ColecoVision
324:
312:
292:
277:
262:
214:
190:
162:
160:
149:
125:
116:
106:
99:
92:
85:
73:
61:Please help
56:verification
53:
2389:Video games
2136:Generations
1821:December 1,
1652:16 February
1432:Destructoid
896:multiplayer
889:save states
878:framebuffer
853:programmers
676:Nintendo DS
668:Nintendo 64
488:PlayStation
484:Nintendo 64
418:save states
401:value chain
371:PlayStation
281:ROM hacking
269:Nintendo 64
151:Star Fox 64
2004:CheatZILLA
1942:2018-11-15
1918:2020-11-02
1913:Giant Bomb
1847:2019-04-02
1796:2017-09-28
1772:2019-04-02
1747:2019-04-02
1703:2007-02-25
1488:2022-09-28
1463:2022-09-28
1438:2022-09-25
1410:2018-04-21
1316:2024-06-16
1261:2020-11-02
1156:2023-05-24
1131:2023-05-20
1106:2023-05-24
1081:2023-05-24
1056:2023-05-24
1005:References
848:Disk image
834:Other uses
776:displays.
744:Easter egg
569:encryption
240:, and the
89:newspapers
19:See also:
2009:3 January
1895:Eurogamer
1584:August 1,
1556:August 4,
1151:The Verge
1051:TechRadar
656:Super NES
576:emulator
529:copyright
335:Atari VCS
250:Yuji Naka
197:ISO image
179:GameShark
175:timescale
156:Windows 8
146:Project64
2399:Category
2321:Emulator
2207:Services
2197:Emulator
1998:Whizzy.
1937:tcrf.net
1871:21 April
1816:GameSpot
1723:GameSpot
1698:Nintendo
1678:23 April
1647:PC Gamer
1626:24 April
1482:PCGamesN
1075:Engadget
1024:Archived
944:See also
781:Xbox 360
660:Game Boy
627:Nintendo
554:fair use
299:homebrew
273:GameCube
265:UltraHLE
258:Internet
242:Game Boy
230:Nintendo
193:ROM file
183:homebrew
167:emulator
148:running
2311:Browser
2285:Console
2212:History
1742:Polygon
1578:Polygon
1513:15 June
1030:May 19,
988:system.
986:PowerPC
765:amulets
761:omamori
742:). The
740:Joy-Con
704:Neo Geo
599:YouTube
384:Retrode
376:patches
363:Dolphin
349:may be
321:Methods
254:Genesis
222:defects
211:History
201:ripping
103:scholar
2375:Portal
2346:MMORTS
2341:MMORPG
2336:MMOFPS
2290:Mobile
2280:Arcade
1385:May 6,
1285:
1255:Kotaku
1235:9 June
934:Snes9x
734:(with
698:, and
603:GitHub
540:dumped
246:SNES9X
236:, the
105:
98:
91:
84:
76:
2316:Cloud
2059:Types
1767:PCMAG
1458:Axios
956:Notes
643:Wii U
597:, on
315:Apple
186:demos
110:JSTOR
96:books
2217:List
2202:Game
2124:list
2107:list
2095:list
2083:list
2071:list
2011:2017
1873:2018
1823:2018
1680:2017
1654:2020
1628:2017
1620:CNET
1586:2018
1558:2018
1528:see
1515:2016
1387:2020
1379:Vice
1296:2022
1283:ISBN
1237:2014
1211:2020
1032:2024
861:bugs
785:Xbox
757:Golf
752:Golf
731:Golf
686:and
680:Sega
641:and
595:spam
578:Yuzu
544:BIOS
490:and
347:BIOS
327:MAME
305:, a
283:and
82:news
2331:MMO
1205:(2)
1101:NME
982:x86
824:NES
794:x86
712:MSX
702:'s
700:SNK
694:'s
692:NEC
682:'s
639:3DS
635:Wii
629:'s
452:.
154:on
65:by
2401::
2002:.
1935:.
1911:.
1893:.
1881:^
1864:.
1840:.
1814:.
1789:.
1765:.
1740:.
1721:.
1670:.
1645:.
1617:.
1575:.
1546:.
1480:.
1456:.
1430:.
1419:^
1403:.
1376:.
1253:.
1227:.
1201:.
1197:.
1165:^
1149:.
1124:.
1099:.
1073:.
1049:.
1022:.
830:.
805:.
690:,
674:,
670:,
666:,
662:,
658:,
654:,
645:,
486:,
228:.
207:.
161:A
2377::
2256:e
2249:t
2242:v
2044:e
2037:t
2030:v
2013:.
1987:.
1973:.
1945:.
1921:.
1897:.
1875:.
1850:.
1825:.
1799:.
1775:.
1750:.
1725:.
1706:.
1682:.
1656:.
1630:.
1588:.
1560:.
1517:.
1491:.
1466:.
1441:.
1413:.
1389:.
1319:.
1298:.
1264:.
1239:.
1213:.
1203:2
1159:.
1134:.
1109:.
1084:.
1059:.
1034:.
459:)
455:(
132:)
126:(
121:)
117:(
107:·
100:·
93:·
86:·
59:.
36:.
29:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
