495:. Consequently, they convey information more compactly than normal vernacular speech or writing. They may contain subject and predicate and act as an independent clause (or even twin two-character independent clauses in parallel), or they may play the role of any part of speech in a sentence, acting syntactically as an adjective, adverb, verb, or noun phrase. In both speech and writing, they serve to succinctly convey a complex or multifaceted situation, scene, or concept, and used fittingly and elegantly, they also mark a speaker or writer's erudition.
2359:
4212:
153:
4862:
91:
50:
270:
2257:: 成語, literally "set phrase/speech"). A large amount of idioms originating from Classical Chinese have been borrowed into the language, but there exists native counterparts to the Classical Chinese idioms. There are also many idioms that are Vietnamese in origin. Vietnamese idioms can be classified into Sino-Vietnamese idioms (
565:
and boats after crossing a river into the enemy's territory. He won the battle because of this "no-retreat" strategy. Thus, the idiom is used as a verb phrase with the meaning "to make an all-out effort to achieve success by the deliberate removal of recourse or backup." Similar phrases are known in
435:, including the pre-Qin classics, poetry from all periods of Chinese history, and late imperial vernacular novels and short stories. A small number were constructed in the 19th and early 20th centuries from Western source materials. Among the early classical literature, the lyrical imagery from the
816:
teach about motifs that were previously common in
Chinese literature and culture. For example, idioms with nature motifs – e.g., mountains, water, and the Moon – are numerous. Works considered masterpieces of Chinese literature – such as the
831:'connect the chengyu' that involves someone calling out an idiom, with someone else then being supposed to think of another idiom to link up with the first one, so that the last character of the first idiom is the same as the first character of the second idiom, and so forth.
764:), in which the author, as the Old Drunkard, expresses his true intention of enjoying the scenery of the mountains and rivers as he drinks. As an idiom, it expresses the situation where one does something with an ulterior though benign motive in mind.
668:
590:
548:
777:'speak not from the bosom' and 'to speak with one's tongue in one's cheek' share idiomatic meanings. The Chinese not having conducted maritime explorations of the North Atlantic during imperial times, the expression
483:
are created by succinctly paraphrasing or summarizing the original text, usually by selecting the most salient characters from the passage in question and inserting any necessary classical grammatical particles.
2647:
The Four Great
Classical Novels are actually written in Early Vernacular Chinese, although they were intended for an educated audience and contain long passages in classical poetry and many classical allusions.
2064:
comes from accounts of history written in classical
Chinese. Although a great many of the Japanese four-character idioms are derived from the Chinese, many others are purely Japanese in origin. Some examples:
677:), admonishing the reader to avoid situations where, however innocent, he might be suspected of doing wrong. The idiom is impossible to understand without the background knowledge of the origin of the phrase.
824:
All
Chinese people know idioms, though the total number known by any one individual will depend on their background. Idioms are such an important part of Chinese popular culture that there is a game called
789:
that emerged in the early 20th century after contact with the West as a translation of the expression "tip of the iceberg," thus sharing both their literal and idiomatic meanings. Another expression
4337:
2755:
506:
are generally meant to convey the message or moral of the myth, story or historical event from which they were derived. Thus, even after translation into modern words and syntax,
690:), despite now being used to describe rumors without source, originally referred to rumors with actual, solid sources or reasons. Likewise, 'bare-faced facing the emperor' (
2710:
801:
fable, means "to be duped into taking risks for someone else," used in much the same way as the expression "cat's paw" in
English is another example of an "international"
469:'ten-thousand year lifespan without bound', a traditional expression to wish someone a long life that often appears on bowls and tableware, quotes the poem "Tian Bao" (
1971:
805:. Though they are recent in origin, they are constructed using the vocabulary and syntax of Literary Chinese and fits within the four-character scheme, making them
696:) is now used to describe beauty that does not require make-up, e.g., when entering court, while its original meaning was "to be confident in one's true look".
711:'speaking, yet without trust', referring to one who cannot be trusted despite what he says, an essentially deceitful person. It is generally acknowledged as a
4220:
2847:
2926:
4518:
3757:
4568:
2476:
2409:
A situation where many people become homeless, especially after a disaster; literally, "to use the sky as a curtain and the land as a mat"
599:'melon field, beneath the plums', whose meaning relates to the appearance of misconduct or impropriety. It is derived from an excerpt of a
4410:
2732:
2471:
2725:"Stream It Or Skip It: 'GG Precinct' On Netflix, A Comedic Taiwanese Cop Show Where The Detectives Investigate Idiom-Related Murders"
2686:
721:. The idiom is succinct in its original meaning and would likely be intelligible to anyone learned in formal written Chinese, though
2670:
2632:
1160:
254:
236:
134:
77:
361:
still play an important role in
Chinese conversation and education. Chinese idioms are one of four types of formulaic expressions (
101:
743:
2040:. Many of these idioms were adopted from their Chinese counterparts and have the same or similar meaning as in Chinese. The term
510:
in isolation are often unintelligible without additional explanation. Since they often contain a classical allusion, known as a
4490:
3197:
2840:
449:
286:
174:
4806:
4260:
630:"). The poem includes the lines 'don't adjust your shoes in a melon field, and don't tidy your hat under the plum trees' (
296:
2431:
To have ups and downs in one's life, to go from riches to rags; literally, "Going up on a elephant, going down on a dog"
839:
The following three examples show that the meaning of the idiom can be totally different by only changing one character.
4889:
4865:
4776:
4300:
4781:
4653:
4578:
4235:
818:
217:
116:
535:
Often the four characters reflect the moral behind the story rather than the story itself. For example, the phrase "
189:
4823:
4796:
4673:
4585:
4332:
4312:
1580:
338:
680:
Some idioms have had their literal meanings overtake their original ones. For example, 'wind from an empty cave' (
163:
112:
4884:
4375:
3073:
2833:
1987:
357:, and contain the experiences, moral concepts, and admonishments from previous generations of Chinese speakers.
4749:
4734:
4724:
4438:
2759:
196:
170:
63:
38:
3090:
4761:
3635:
3597:
3000:
2572:
2481:
827:
773:
341:
writing and in the spoken language today. According to the most stringent definition, there are about 5,000
4695:
4538:
3136:
1778:
1669:
1503:
1493:
1463:
412:
While not the only idioms in
Chinese, and not always four characters long, they are often referred to as
203:
4690:
4613:
4327:
4305:
3060:
2893:
2358:
2060:
refers to an idiom that comes from a specific text as the source. As such, the overwhelming majority of
1982:
1977:
432:
4144:
4134:
3119:
4458:
4426:
4255:
4139:
3898:
3446:
3380:
2875:
571:
4053:
3562:
1559:
1514:
1322:
1282:
792:
780:
759:
706:
580:
538:
185:
4702:
4668:
4503:
4470:
4317:
4245:
4162:
4003:
3998:
3752:
3068:
2278:
2266:
2258:
798:
4533:
3866:
2599:
2524:
2501:
4818:
4685:
4648:
4431:
4365:
4360:
4250:
4240:
3737:
3545:
3540:
2939:
2460:
567:
326:
4089:
3844:
3458:
557:, lit: "break the pots and sink the ships") is based on a historical account where the general
4729:
4719:
4598:
4563:
4418:
4370:
4322:
4211:
3942:
3876:
3732:
3717:
3388:
3365:
3319:
3244:
3170:
3050:
3018:
2972:
2911:
2901:
2866:
2785:
2728:
2666:
2628:
2008:
1306:
always changing (new meaning), a change without any substantive difference (original meaning)
437:
4094:
4084:
4069:
3483:
2724:
748:'The Old Drunkard's attention is not directed towards his wine'. This is a direct quote from
4835:
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4015:
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3648:
3528:
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3422:
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3249:
3078:
3023:
3008:
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2856:
2756:"Netflix drama GG Precinct review: Greg Hsu, Gingle Wang play goofball cops in crime comedy"
1628:
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1536:
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346:
334:
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2210:
1940:
1351:
1311:
562:
354:
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2318:
To be altruistic and charitable to each other, especially in times of crisis or disaster
2518:
2495:
2307:
The darkest hour is just before the dawn "The worst situation comes before a good one."
2274:
2254:
4840:
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4508:
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3234:
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2181:
1960:
1856:
1197:
3352:
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1815:
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are fossilized expressions that use the vocabulary and follow the syntactic rules of
210:
2340:
One should be able to derive new understanding while revising what one has learned.
2270:
2262:
1662:
1458:
close the stable door after the horse has bolted, i.e. try too late to prevent harm
821:– serve as the source for many idioms, which in turn condense and retell the story.
4513:
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3839:
3722:
3695:
3239:
3229:
2206:
2200:
2100:
1540:
69:
17:
2809:
2627:(in English and Chinese). Vol. Three. Translated by Sun, Li Jie. Peace Book.
2398:
To have an extreme and utter hatred, literally, "Hate spiciness, hate bitterness"
2621:
528:
as part of the classical curriculum in order to study the context from which the
4658:
4632:
4528:
4498:
4475:
4443:
4182:
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3819:
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2916:
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2053:
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2037:
2029:
633:
613:
606:
519:
301:
291:
152:
4074:
4048:
3814:
3780:
3285:
3212:
2662:
2014:
1999:
749:
502:
usually surpasses the sum of the meanings carried by the four characters, as
4523:
4274:
4265:
3993:
3883:
3535:
3523:
3334:
3165:
2229:). They have similar categorization to Japanese ones, such as Gosaseong-eo (
1590:
1425:
443:
1938:
1906:
1874:
1832:
1796:
1758:
1722:
1686:
1646:
1608:
1568:
1523:
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1443:
1405:
1369:
1331:
1291:
1250:
1214:
1178:
1140:
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1069:
1049:
1029:
1001:
981:
961:
941:
913:
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that are not four characters in length. An example is the seven-character
4845:
4813:
4399:
4040:
3221:
2465:
2420:
Peace and quiet have great value; literally, "Peace and quiet is golden"
1741:
1272:
1233:
717:
558:
391:
31:
4712:
4279:
4108:
3704:
2819:
2813:
2177:
1705:
1263:
600:
2170:
2167:
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2152:
2149:
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2131:
2128:
2125:
2116:
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2110:
2107:
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2023:
1102:
Meaning: greatly missing someone; one day feels as long as three years
658:
655:
652:
649:
646:
642:
639:
636:
616:
609:
4771:
4573:
1388:
306:
1014:
Meaning: implies rapid progress; traveling a thousand miles in a day
119:. Statements consisting only of original research should be removed.
2825:
566:
the West, such as "Burning one's boats", "burning one's bridges", "
524:), elementary and secondary school students in greater China learn
453:
serve as particularly rich source materials for chengyu. Since the
269:
4284:
2455:
2220:
1845:
812:
Chinese idioms can also serve as a guide through
Chinese culture.
322:
268:
1155:
kill two birds with one stone, i.e. to achieve two aims at once
2829:
926:
Meaning: implies rapid changes; one day equals a thousand years
2659:
Reading
Tolkien in Chinese: Religion, Fantasy, and Translation
146:
84:
43:
2176:("wind, woods, fire, mountain"; military proverb coming from
2542:
500 Common
Chinese Idioms: An Annotated Frequency Dictionary
2446:
centres on people murdered for misquoting Chinese idioms.
1851:
to communicate well, you need to understand your audience
321:"set phrase") are a type of traditional Chinese
2540:
Jiao, Liwei; Kubler, Cornelius C.; Zhang, Weiguo (2013).
2520:
A dictionary of colloquial idioms in the Mandarin dialect
2497:
A dictionary of colloquial idioms in the Mandarin dialect
2249:
Four word idioms or any idiom in Vietnamese are known as
797:'extracting chestnuts from the fire', originating from a
2387:
Tit for tat; literally, "eat a piece, pay back a piece"
1928:
1918:
to wear embroided clothing and return to one’s hometown
1896:
1864:
1822:
1786:
1748:
1712:
1676:
1636:
1623:
approach without considering the reality of a situation
1598:
1556:
1511:
1471:
1433:
1395:
1359:
1319:
1279:
1240:
1204:
1168:
1130:
1079:
1059:
1039:
1019:
991:
971:
951:
931:
903:
883:
863:
843:
785:'one corner of an ice mountain' is a rare example of a
108:
475:, poem #166) in the Lesser Court Hymns section of the
722:
511:
1303:
to say three in the morning and four in the evening
4742:
4711:
4640:
4631:
4622:
4556:
4547:
4489:
4409:
4384:
4346:
4293:
4219:
4155:
4107:
4062:
4039:
3984:
3975:
3913:
3832:
3807:
3789:
3766:
3703:
3694:
3657:
3634:
3596:
3587:
3578:
3514:
3474:
3401:
3379:
3351:
3333:
3307:
3284:
3220:
3211:
3188:
3158:
3135:
3059:
2999:
2971:
2948:
2925:
2892:
2883:
2874:
2140:(singing one's own praises; tooting one's own horn)
177:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
2620:
1545:to return something intact to its rightful owner
2084:("Flower, Bird, Wind, Moon"; beauties of nature)
703:have stories to draw morals from. An example is
2573:"Useful Chinese Chengyu for Daily Conversation"
2041:
2012:
2661:. Perspectives on Fantasy series. London, UK:
2551:A Chinese-English Dictionary of Chinese Idioms
2351:With all of one's heart; completely dedicated
2048:
2021:
1193:burn bridges, i.e. commit oneself irrevocably
2841:
1929:
1921:return to humble origins after making it big
1897:
1865:
1823:
1787:
1749:
1713:
1677:
1637:
1599:
1557:
1512:
1472:
1434:
1396:
1360:
1320:
1280:
1241:
1205:
1169:
1131:
1080:
1060:
1040:
1020:
992:
972:
952:
932:
904:
884:
864:
844:
790:
778:
757:
741:
728:
704:
691:
681:
631:
604:
578:
536:
517:
470:
349:, though some dictionaries list over 20,000.
8:
2513:(Harvard University)(Digitized Jul 22, 2005)
2236:
2230:
2224:
2214:
457:poems consist of four-character lines, some
2600:"Chinese Idioms or Chéngyǔ About Animals -"
2536:(Harvard University)(Digitized Mar 4, 2009)
1737:theoretical discussion useless in practice
441:, and the detailed stories recorded in the
353:are considered the collected wisdom of the
325:expressions, most of which consist of four
78:Learn how and when to remove these messages
4861:
4637:
4628:
4553:
3981:
3700:
3593:
3584:
3217:
2889:
2880:
2848:
2834:
2826:
1889:eating food quickly and in a messy manner
1698:carrying a bramble and ask for punishment
1107:
2373:Vietnamese alphabet (chữ Quốc Ngữ, 𡨸國語)
2293:Vietnamese alphabet (chữ Quốc Ngữ, 𡨸國語)
424:Origins, construction, and interpretation
255:Learn how and when to remove this message
237:Learn how and when to remove this message
135:Learn how and when to remove this message
2363:
2283:
1886:swallow like tiger and devour like wolf
1811:adding the finishing touch to something
1581:old man from the frontier lost his horse
1381:grind an iron bar down to a fine needle
733:) is no longer commonly used as a verb.
2564:
2544:(Kindle ed.). Oxon, UK: Routledge.
2523:. SHANGHAI: A.H. De Carvalho. pp.
2500:. SHANGHAI: A.H. de Carvalho. pp.
2488:Dictionaries of Mandarin Chinese Idioms
2442:The plot of the Taiwanese comedy-drama
1417:guard a tree-stump to wait for rabbits
1190:break the cauldrons and sink the boats
923: : "One day, a thousand autumns."
771:have English equivalents. For example,
670:guā tián bù nà lǚ, lǐ xià bù zhěng guān
389:), two-part allegorical sayings called
2265:: 成語漢越) and native Vietnamese idioms (
1661:Someone acting in another's interest (
1620:carve the boat in search of the sword
2277:, are now written in the Latin-based
1734:talk about military tactics on paper
1455:to mend the pen after sheep are lost
1011: : "One day, a thousand miles."
754:An Account of Old Drunkard's Pavilion
7:
2477:Proverbs commonly said to be Chinese
375:), which also include collocations (
175:adding citations to reliable sources
2735:from the original on 24 August 2024
2472:Homophonic puns in Mandarin Chinese
2468:, typically longer Chinese proverbs
1952:as easy as turning over one's hand
1808:to add eyes when painting a dragon
1773:to improve something unnecessarily
316:
2780:Chien, Ying-jou (24 August 2024).
2711:Structure of four character idioms
2273:: 成語純越) that were once written in
1099: : "One day, three autumns."
561:ordered his troops to destroy all
25:
1937:
1905:
1873:
1831:
1795:
1770:to add feet when drawing a snake
1757:
1721:
1685:
1645:
1607:
1567:
1522:
1480:
1442:
1404:
1384:to persevere in a difficult task
1368:
1343:a frog in the bottom of the well
1330:
1290:
1249:
1213:
1177:
1161:History of the Northern Dynasties
1139:
1088:
1068:
1048:
1028:
1000:
980:
960:
940:
912:
892:
872:
852:
59:This article has multiple issues.
4860:
4338:Literary and colloquial readings
4210:
2357:
2290:Classical Chinese (Hán văn, 漢文)
151:
89:
48:
2754:Marsh, James (26 August 2024).
2723:Keller, Joel (23 August 2024).
2104:(once-in-a-lifetime experience)
1658:take chestnuts out of the fire
1152:kill two eagles with one arrow
162:needs additional citations for
67:or discuss these issues on the
2782:"正港分局／雀雀劇評：台劇豪華陣容同樂會 木曜4超玩認真演"
2237:
2231:
2225:
2215:
1972:Crouching Tiger, Hidden Dragon
1955:for something to be very easy
1939:
1907:
1875:
1833:
1797:
1759:
1723:
1687:
1647:
1609:
1569:
1524:
1498:repeated rumor becomes a fact
1482:
1444:
1406:
1370:
1346:a person with limited outlook
1332:
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1215:
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1141:
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1002:
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450:Records of the Grand Historian
405:
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366:
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311:
300:
290:
1:
2598:Silverman, Sam (2017-08-28).
2122:(a bystander's vantage point)
4866:List of varieties of Chinese
2687:"Structure of Korean Idioms"
2517:Herbert Allen Giles (1873).
2494:Herbert Allen Giles (1873).
2158:(double-dealer; time-server)
2042:
2013:
819:Four Great Classical Novels
723:
512:
461:are direct quotes from the
115:the claims made and adding
4906:
4824:Taiwanese Phonetic Symbols
2205:The Korean equivalent are
2198:
1997:
1229:deliberately misrepresent
479:. More commonly, however,
339:written vernacular Chinese
36:
29:
4858:
4208:
2863:
2820:Search for Chinese idioms
2365:Native Vietnamese Idioms
2241:) for historical idioms.
2049:
2022:
2007:is the similar format in
1988:Mirror Flower, Water Moon
1930:
1898:
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2810:Theme Idioms - 相關成語／相关成语
2760:South China Morning Post
2269:: thành ngữ thuần Việt,
431:are mostly derived from
337:and are still common in
39:Chengyu (disambiguation)
30:Not to be confused with
2657:Reinders, Eric (2024).
2482:Mulberry fields (idiom)
2329:Very good or beautiful
2285:Sino-Vietnamese Idioms
2034:, four character idiom)
1701:offer a humble apology
1585:a blessing in disguise
1420:wait idly for a reward
273:Chinese characters for
2619:Lo, Wing Huen (2003).
2553:. Beijing: Sinolingua.
2261:: thành ngữ Hán Việt,
1779:Warring States Records
1670:The Monkey and the Cat
1504:Warring States Records
1494:Three men make a tiger
1464:Warring States Records
1262:so happy as to forget
277:
1983:When two tigers fight
1978:Seek truth from facts
1268:indulge in pleasures
715:as it comes from the
418:four-character idioms
272:
2549:Pan, Weigui (2000).
2315:Tương thân tương ái
1226:call a deer a horse
1109:Examples in Chinese
572:Crossing the Rubicon
333:were widely used in
171:improve this article
37:For other uses, see
4890:Japanese vocabulary
2623:Best Chinese Idioms
2406:Màn trời chiếu đất
2395:Ghét cay ghét đắng
2384:Ăn miếng trả miếng
2370:Chữ Hán Nôm (𡨸漢喃)
2366:
2286:
2279:Vietnamese alphabet
2245:Vietnamese examples
2058:, historical idiom)
1142:yí jiàn shuāng diāo
1110:
577:Another example is
287:traditional Chinese
18:Vietnamese proverbs
4819:Cantonese Bopomofo
4686:Chinese characters
4614:Written Sichuanese
3198:Zhangjiakou–Hohhot
2461:Chinese characters
2438:In popular culture
2428:Lên voi xuống chó
2364:
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2082:ka, chō, fū, getsu
1798:huà lóng diǎn jīng
1724:zhǐ shàng tán bīng
1108:
568:Point of no return
433:ancient literature
327:Chinese characters
297:simplified Chinese
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4371:Cantonese grammar
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3074:Chengdu–Chongqing
2867:Sinitic languages
2786:United Daily News
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2326:Tận thiện tận mỹ
1994:Japanese examples
1967:
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1908:yì jǐn huán xiāng
1371:mó chǔ chéng zhēn
699:However, not all
688:kōng xué lái fēng
498:The meaning of a
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463:Classic of Poetry
438:Classic of Poetry
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1299:
1296:
1293:zhāo sān mù sì
1289:
1276:
1275:
1269:
1266:
1260:
1258:
1255:
1248:
1237:
1236:
1230:
1227:
1224:
1222:
1219:
1212:
1201:
1200:
1198:Battle of Julu
1194:
1191:
1188:
1186:
1183:
1176:
1165:
1164:
1156:
1153:
1150:
1148:
1145:
1138:
1127:
1126:
1123:
1120:
1117:
1106:
1105:
1104:
1103:
1097:
1094:
1087:
1077:
1074:
1067:
1057:
1054:
1047:
1037:
1034:
1027:
1017:
1016:
1015:
1009:
1006:
999:
989:
986:
979:
969:
966:
959:
949:
946:
939:
929:
928:
927:
921:
918:
911:
901:
898:
891:
881:
878:
871:
861:
858:
851:
836:
833:
425:
422:
414:Chinese idioms
263:
262:
245:
244:
159:
157:
150:
143:
142:
97:
95:
88:
83:
57:
56:
54:
47:
27:Chinese idioms
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4902:
4891:
4888:
4886:
4883:
4882:
4880:
4867:
4857:
4847:
4844:
4842:
4839:
4837:
4834:
4832:
4829:
4825:
4822:
4820:
4817:
4816:
4815:
4812:
4808:
4805:
4803:
4800:
4798:
4795:
4793:
4790:
4788:
4785:
4783:
4780:
4778:
4775:
4773:
4770:
4768:
4765:
4764:
4763:
4760:
4756:
4753:
4752:
4751:
4750:Cyrillization
4748:
4747:
4745:
4741:
4736:
4733:
4731:
4728:
4726:
4723:
4721:
4718:
4716:
4714:
4710:
4704:
4701:
4697:
4694:
4692:
4689:
4688:
4687:
4684:
4683:
4675:
4672:
4670:
4667:
4665:
4662:
4660:
4657:
4655:
4652:
4650:
4647:
4645:
4643:
4642:Script styles
4639:
4636:
4634:
4630:
4627:
4625:
4621:
4615:
4612:
4610:
4607:
4605:
4602:
4600:
4597:
4596:
4587:
4584:
4580:
4577:
4575:
4572:
4570:
4567:
4566:
4565:
4562:
4561:
4559:
4555:
4552:
4546:
4540:
4537:
4535:
4532:
4530:
4527:
4525:
4522:
4520:
4517:
4515:
4512:
4510:
4507:
4505:
4502:
4500:
4497:
4496:
4494:
4492:
4488:
4482:
4479:
4477:
4474:
4472:
4469:
4465:
4462:
4460:
4457:
4455:
4452:
4451:
4450:
4447:
4445:
4442:
4440:
4437:
4433:
4430:
4429:
4428:
4425:
4422:
4420:
4417:
4416:
4414:
4412:
4408:
4402:
4401:
4397:
4395:
4394:
4390:
4389:
4387:
4383:
4377:
4374:
4372:
4369:
4367:
4364:
4362:
4359:
4357:
4354:
4353:
4351:
4349:
4345:
4339:
4336:
4334:
4331:
4329:
4326:
4324:
4321:
4319:
4316:
4314:
4311:
4307:
4304:
4303:
4302:
4299:
4298:
4296:
4292:
4286:
4283:
4281:
4278:
4276:
4273:
4267:
4264:
4262:
4259:
4258:
4257:
4254:
4252:
4249:
4247:
4244:
4242:
4239:
4237:
4234:
4233:
4232:
4229:
4228:
4226:
4224:
4218:
4213:
4199:
4196:
4194:
4191:
4189:
4186:
4184:
4181:
4179:
4176:
4174:
4171:
4169:
4166:
4164:
4161:
4160:
4158:
4154:
4146:
4143:
4141:
4138:
4136:
4133:
4132:
4130:
4126:
4123:
4121:
4118:
4117:
4115:
4114:
4112:
4110:
4106:
4096:
4093:
4091:
4088:
4086:
4083:
4081:
4078:
4076:
4073:
4071:
4068:
4067:
4065:
4061:
4055:
4052:
4050:
4047:
4046:
4044:
4042:
4038:
4032:
4029:
4027:
4024:
4022:
4019:
4017:
4014:
4012:
4009:
4005:
4002:
4000:
3997:
3996:
3995:
3992:
3991:
3989:
3987:
3983:
3980:
3978:
3974:
3966:
3963:
3961:
3958:
3956:
3953:
3952:
3951:
3948:
3944:
3941:
3940:
3939:
3936:
3934:
3931:
3929:
3926:
3924:
3921:
3920:
3918:
3916:
3912:
3900:
3897:
3895:
3892:
3890:
3887:
3886:
3885:
3882:
3878:
3875:
3874:
3873:
3870:
3868:
3865:
3863:
3860:
3858:
3855:
3851:
3848:
3846:
3843:
3842:
3841:
3838:
3837:
3835:
3831:
3821:
3818:
3816:
3813:
3812:
3810:
3806:
3800:
3797:
3796:
3794:
3792:
3788:
3782:
3779:
3777:
3774:
3773:
3771:
3769:
3765:
3759:
3756:
3754:
3751:
3749:
3746:
3744:
3741:
3739:
3736:
3734:
3731:
3729:
3726:
3724:
3721:
3719:
3716:
3714:
3711:
3710:
3708:
3706:
3702:
3699:
3697:
3693:
3681:
3678:
3676:
3673:
3672:
3671:
3668:
3666:
3663:
3662:
3660:
3656:
3650:
3647:
3645:
3642:
3641:
3639:
3637:
3633:
3627:
3624:
3622:
3619:
3617:
3614:
3612:
3609:
3607:
3604:
3603:
3601:
3599:
3595:
3592:
3590:
3586:
3583:
3581:
3577:
3569:
3566:
3565:
3564:
3561:
3559:
3556:
3552:
3549:
3547:
3544:
3542:
3539:
3538:
3537:
3534:
3530:
3527:
3526:
3525:
3522:
3521:
3519:
3517:
3513:
3507:
3504:
3502:
3499:
3497:
3494:
3490:
3487:
3486:
3485:
3482:
3481:
3479:
3477:
3473:
3465:
3460:
3457:
3453:
3448:
3445:
3441:
3436:
3433:
3429:
3424:
3421:
3417:
3412:
3409:
3408:
3406:
3404:
3400:
3390:
3387:
3386:
3384:
3382:
3378:
3372:
3369:
3367:
3364:
3362:
3359:
3358:
3356:
3354:
3350:
3344:
3341:
3340:
3338:
3336:
3332:
3326:
3323:
3321:
3318:
3316:
3313:
3312:
3310:
3306:
3300:
3297:
3295:
3292:
3291:
3289:
3287:
3283:
3277:
3274:
3272:
3269:
3267:
3264:
3262:
3259:
3257:
3254:
3251:
3248:
3246:
3243:
3241:
3238:
3236:
3233:
3231:
3228:
3227:
3225:
3223:
3219:
3216:
3214:
3210:
3204:
3201:
3199:
3196:
3195:
3193:
3191:
3187:
3177:
3174:
3172:
3169:
3167:
3164:
3163:
3161:
3157:
3151:
3148:
3146:
3143:
3142:
3140:
3138:
3134:
3126:
3123:
3122:
3121:
3118:
3116:
3113:
3111:
3108:
3106:
3103:
3097:
3094:
3093:
3092:
3089:
3085:
3082:
3081:
3080:
3077:
3075:
3072:
3071:
3070:
3067:
3066:
3064:
3062:
3058:
3052:
3049:
3047:
3044:
3042:
3039:
3037:
3034:
3032:
3029:
3025:
3022:
3021:
3020:
3017:
3015:
3012:
3010:
3007:
3006:
3004:
3002:
2998:
2992:
2989:
2987:
2984:
2982:
2979:
2978:
2976:
2974:
2970:
2964:
2961:
2959:
2956:
2955:
2953:
2951:
2947:
2941:
2938:
2936:
2933:
2932:
2930:
2928:
2924:
2918:
2915:
2913:
2910:
2908:
2905:
2903:
2900:
2899:
2897:
2895:
2891:
2888:
2886:
2882:
2879:
2877:
2873:
2869:
2868:
2862:
2858:
2851:
2846:
2844:
2839:
2837:
2832:
2831:
2828:
2821:
2818:
2815:
2811:
2808:
2807:
2803:
2787:
2783:
2776:
2773:
2761:
2757:
2750:
2747:
2734:
2730:
2726:
2719:
2716:
2712:
2707:
2704:
2693:on 2014-05-12
2692:
2688:
2682:
2679:
2674:
2672:9781350374645
2668:
2664:
2660:
2653:
2650:
2644:
2641:
2636:
2634:962-238-338-6
2630:
2625:
2624:
2615:
2612:
2601:
2594:
2591:
2578:
2574:
2568:
2565:
2558:
2552:
2547:
2543:
2538:
2526:
2522:
2521:
2515:
2503:
2499:
2498:
2492:
2491:
2487:
2483:
2480:
2478:
2475:
2473:
2470:
2467:
2464:
2462:
2459:
2457:
2454:
2453:
2449:
2447:
2445:
2437:
2430:
2427:
2424:
2423:
2419:
2416:
2413:
2412:
2408:
2405:
2402:
2401:
2397:
2394:
2391:
2390:
2386:
2383:
2380:
2379:
2375:
2372:
2369:
2368:
2362:
2360:
2350:
2347:
2344:
2343:
2339:
2336:
2333:
2332:
2328:
2325:
2322:
2321:
2317:
2314:
2311:
2310:
2306:
2303:
2300:
2299:
2295:
2292:
2289:
2288:
2282:
2280:
2276:
2272:
2268:
2264:
2260:
2256:
2252:
2244:
2242:
2222:
2212:
2208:
2202:
2194:
2190:
2187:
2183:
2179:
2175:
2172:
2169:
2166:
2163:
2160:
2157:
2154:
2151:
2148:
2145:
2142:
2139:
2136:
2133:
2130:
2127:
2124:
2121:
2118:
2115:
2112:
2109:
2106:
2103:
2102:
2098:
2095:
2092:
2089:
2086:
2083:
2080:
2077:
2074:
2071:
2068:
2067:
2066:
2063:
2055:
2052:
2044:
2039:
2031:
2028:
2025:
2017:
2016:
2010:
2006:
2001:
1993:
1989:
1986:
1984:
1981:
1979:
1976:
1974:
1973:
1969:
1968:
1963:
1962:
1957:
1954:
1951:
1946:
1942:
1934:
1927:
1926:
1923:
1920:
1917:
1912:
1902:
1895:
1894:
1891:
1888:
1885:
1880:
1870:
1863:
1862:
1859:
1858:
1853:
1850:
1847:
1843:
1838:
1828:
1821:
1820:
1817:
1816:Zhang Sengyou
1813:
1810:
1807:
1802:
1792:
1785:
1784:
1781:
1780:
1775:
1772:
1769:
1764:
1754:
1747:
1746:
1743:
1739:
1736:
1733:
1728:
1718:
1711:
1710:
1707:
1703:
1700:
1697:
1692:
1682:
1675:
1674:
1671:
1668:Derived from
1667:
1664:
1660:
1657:
1652:
1642:
1635:
1634:
1631:
1630:
1629:Lüshi Chunqiu
1625:
1622:
1619:
1614:
1604:
1597:
1596:
1593:
1592:
1587:
1584:
1582:
1579:
1574:
1564:
1561:
1555:
1554:
1551:
1550:Mr. He's jade
1547:
1544:
1542:
1538:
1534:
1529:
1519:
1516:
1510:
1509:
1506:
1505:
1500:
1497:
1495:
1492:
1487:
1477:
1470:
1469:
1466:
1465:
1460:
1457:
1454:
1449:
1439:
1432:
1431:
1428:
1427:
1422:
1419:
1416:
1411:
1401:
1394:
1393:
1390:
1386:
1383:
1380:
1375:
1365:
1358:
1357:
1354:
1353:
1348:
1345:
1342:
1337:
1327:
1324:
1318:
1317:
1314:
1313:
1308:
1305:
1302:
1297:
1287:
1284:
1278:
1277:
1274:
1270:
1267:
1265:
1261:
1256:
1246:
1239:
1238:
1235:
1231:
1228:
1225:
1220:
1216:zhǐ lù wéi mǎ
1210:
1203:
1202:
1199:
1195:
1192:
1189:
1184:
1174:
1167:
1166:
1163:
1162:
1157:
1154:
1151:
1146:
1136:
1129:
1128:
1124:
1121:
1118:
1116:
1113:
1112:
1101:
1100:
1095:
1085:
1075:
1065:
1055:
1045:
1035:
1025:
1018:
1013:
1012:
1007:
997:
987:
977:
967:
957:
947:
937:
930:
925:
924:
919:
909:
899:
889:
879:
869:
859:
849:
842:
841:
840:
834:
832:
829:
822:
820:
815:
810:
808:
804:
800:
794:
788:
782:
775:
770:
765:
761:
755:
751:
745:
739:
734:
725:
720:
719:
714:
708:
702:
697:
689:
678:
676:
672:
660:
657:
654:
651:
648:
644:
641:
638:
635:
629:
625:
618:
615:
611:
608:
602:
598:
594:
592:guātián lǐxià
582:
575:
573:
569:
564:
560:
556:
552:
540:
533:
531:
527:
521:
514:
509:
505:
501:
496:
494:
490:
485:
482:
478:
464:
460:
456:
452:
451:
446:
445:
440:
439:
434:
430:
423:
421:
419:
415:
410:
408:
394:
393:
388:
374:
360:
356:
352:
348:
344:
340:
336:
332:
328:
324:
314:
308:
303:
298:
293:
288:
284:
283:
276:
271:
267:
259:
256:
241:
238:
230:
227:December 2006
219:
216:
212:
209:
205:
202:
198:
195:
191:
188: –
187:
183:
182:Find sources:
176:
172:
166:
165:
160:This article
158:
154:
149:
148:
139:
136:
128:
125:February 2015
118:
114:
110:
104:
103:
98:This article
96:
87:
86:
81:
79:
72:
71:
66:
65:
60:
55:
46:
45:
40:
33:
19:
4772:Hanyu Pinyin
4762:Romanization
4669:Semi-cursive
4514:Old Mandarin
4471:Stroke count
4398:
4392:
4391:
4313:Old National
4156:Unclassified
3061:Southwestern
2894:Northeastern
2876:Major groups
2865:
2789:. Retrieved
2775:
2763:. Retrieved
2749:
2737:. Retrieved
2718:
2706:
2695:. Retrieved
2691:the original
2681:
2658:
2652:
2643:
2622:
2614:
2603:. Retrieved
2593:
2581:. Retrieved
2576:
2567:
2550:
2541:
2528:. Retrieved
2519:
2505:. Retrieved
2496:
2441:
2356:
2250:
2248:
2207:Sajaseong-eo
2204:
2201:Sajaseong-eo
2184:"; see also
2173:
2155:
2137:
2119:
2101:ichigo ichie
2099:
2081:
2061:
2004:
2003:
1970:
1959:
1855:
1844:playing the
1777:
1627:
1589:
1502:
1462:
1424:
1350:
1310:
1252:lè bù sī shǔ
1159:
1114:
838:
823:
813:
811:
806:
802:
786:
768:
766:
753:
737:
735:
716:
712:
700:
698:
687:
679:
664:
627:
623:
586:
576:
544:
534:
529:
525:
507:
503:
499:
497:
488:
486:
480:
476:
462:
458:
454:
448:
442:
436:
428:
427:
417:
413:
411:
404:
390:
384:
370:
358:
350:
342:
330:
310:
281:
280:
279:
274:
266:
251:
233:
224:
214:
207:
200:
193:
181:
169:Please help
164:verification
161:
131:
122:
99:
75:
68:
62:
61:Please help
58:
4841:Xiao'erjing
4703:Punctuation
4696:Traditional
4649:Oracle bone
4633:Logographic
4529:Proto-Hakka
4504:Eastern Han
4499:Old Chinese
4361:Classifiers
4328:Northern Wu
4256:Singaporean
3462: [
3450: [
3438: [
3426: [
3414: [
2530:10 February
2507:10 February
2444:GG Precinct
2271:chữ Hán Nôm
2263:chữ Hán Nôm
2223::
2213::
2038:autological
2011:. The term
799:La Fontaine
4879:Categories
4792:Wade–Giles
4691:Simplified
4586:Vernacular
4579:in Vietnam
4432:Simplified
4419:Biaoxingma
4366:Honorifics
4301:Historical
4246:Philippine
4236:Sichuanese
4163:Badong Yao
3867:Shao–Jiang
3738:Philippine
3546:Xiangxiang
3541:Shuangfeng
3286:Taizhou Wu
3069:Sichuanese
2697:2014-05-10
2665:Academic.
2663:Bloomsbury
2605:2018-09-01
2559:References
2267:Vietnamese
2259:Vietnamese
2186:Fūrinkazan
2182:Art of War
2062:koji seigo
2043:koji seigo
2015:yojijukugo
2005:Yojijukugo
2000:Yojijukugo
1125:Etymology
750:Ouyang Xiu
628:Jūnzǐ Xíng
532:was born.
386:guànyòngyǔ
197:newspapers
109:improve it
64:improve it
4730:Taiwanese
4720:Cantonese
4564:Classical
4524:Proto-Min
4459:Microsoft
4318:Cantonese
4294:Phonology
4275:Cantonese
4266:Singdarin
4251:Malaysian
4241:Taiwanese
4145:Rongjiang
4135:Yongjiang
4131:Southern
4116:Northern
4090:Luo–Guang
3999:Hong Kong
3994:Guangzhou
3950:Taiwanese
3943:Changting
3877:Zhanjiang
3791:Zhongshan
3758:Malaysian
3753:Singapore
3718:Zhangzhou
3670:Zhongshan
3563:Yong–Quan
3459:Jing-Zhan
3389:Xuancheng
3366:Jiangshan
3245:Changzhou
3166:Junjiahua
3019:Guanzhong
2902:Changchun
2791:26 August
2765:26 August
2739:26 August
2392:𢢂𨐮𢢂𧃵
2381:𫗒𠰳𫡽𠰳
2251:thành ngữ
2138:temaemiso
1848:to a cow
1663:cat's-paw
1591:Huainanzi
1426:Han Feizi
752:'s essay
624:Yuèfǔ Shī
487:As such,
444:Zuo Zhuan
323:idiomatic
186:"Chengyu"
113:verifying
70:talk page
4814:Bopomofo
4743:Phonetic
4735:Two-cell
4664:Clerical
4574:in Japan
4569:Adoption
4557:Official
4548:Literary
4423:Boshiamy
4400:Xiehouyu
4356:Numerals
4333:Mandarin
4261:Standard
4221:Standard
4095:Qin–Lian
4085:Yong–Xun
4070:Gao–Yang
4016:Jiujiang
4004:Malaysia
3938:Tingzhou
3889:Wenchang
3850:Jianyang
3840:Northern
3799:Sanxiang
3713:Quanzhou
3696:Southern
3665:Manjiang
3529:Changsha
3489:Nanchang
3484:Chang–Du
3381:Xuanzhou
3371:Qingtian
3325:Wencheng
3271:Jiangyin
3266:Jinxiang
3256:Shaoxing
3250:Hangzhou
3230:Shanghai
3171:Qinjiang
3079:Minjiang
3051:Xinjiang
3009:Dongping
2973:Jiaoliao
2912:Shenyang
2885:Mandarin
2733:Archived
2466:Xiehouyu
2450:See also
2425:𨕭𤠅𠖈㹥
2403:幔𡗶𥴜𡐙
2376:Meaning
2296:Meaning
2009:Japanese
1742:Zhao Kuo
1537:the jade
1352:Zhuangzi
1312:Zhuangzi
1273:Liu Shan
1234:Zhao Gao
1122:Meaning
718:Analects
559:Xiang Yu
447:and the
392:xiehouyu
32:Cheng Yu
4713:Braille
4674:Cursive
4624:Scripts
4491:History
4481:ZhengMa
4427:Cangjie
4393:Chengyu
4348:Grammar
4323:Hokkien
4280:Hokkien
4188:Waxiang
4168:Danzhou
4140:Guandao
4125:Younian
4120:Tongdao
4109:Pinghua
4049:Taishan
3965:Raoping
3933:Huizhou
3923:Meixian
3899:Banqiao
3872:Leizhou
3862:Pu–Xian
3857:Central
3845:Jian'ou
3820:Longyan
3768:Teochew
3705:Hokkien
3680:Nanlang
3636:Fu–Ning
3616:Changle
3598:Houguan
3589:Eastern
3536:Loushao
3524:Changyi
3506:Da–Tong
3501:Ying–Yi
3447:Yanzhou
3315:Wenzhou
3308:Oujiang
3299:Tiantai
3294:Taizhou
3203:Zhi–Yan
3150:Nantong
3145:Nanjing
3120:Gui–Liu
3110:Nanping
3105:Kunming
3031:Luoyang
2986:Qingdao
2958:Tianjin
2935:Beijing
2927:Beijing
2729:Decider
2275:chữ Nôm
2255:chữ Hán
2178:Sun Tzu
1961:Mencius
1706:Lian Po
1535:return
1115:Chengyu
814:Chengyu
807:chengyu
803:chengyu
787:chengyu
769:chengyu
744:醉翁之意不在酒
738:chengyu
713:chengyu
701:chengyu
601:Han-era
530:chengyu
526:chengyu
508:chengyu
504:chengyu
500:chengyu
489:chengyu
481:chengyu
459:chengyu
455:Shijing
429:Chengyu
359:Chengyu
351:Chengyu
345:in the
343:chengyu
331:Chengyu
312:chéngyǔ
282:Chengyu
275:chengyu
211:scholar
107:Please
4782:Postal
4777:MPS II
4654:Bronze
4534:Ba–Shu
4454:Google
4449:Pinyin
4385:Idioms
4198:Yeheni
4080:Wu–Hua
4075:Goulou
4054:Xinhui
4031:Dapeng
4026:Weitou
4011:Xiguan
3986:Yuehai
3955:Sixian
3894:Haikou
3884:Hainan
3815:Zhenan
3781:Haklau
3776:Swatow
3748:Penang
3733:Taiwan
3728:Chawan
3675:Longdu
3644:Ningde
3621:Gutian
3611:Fuqing
3606:Fuzhou
3568:Qiyang
3551:Wugang
3496:Yi–Liu
3423:Xiu-Yi
3411:Ji-She
3361:Quzhou
3353:Chu–Qu
3343:Jinhua
3335:Wuzhou
3320:Rui'an
3261:Ningbo
3235:Suzhou
3125:Wuming
3096:Zigong
3084:Leshan
3046:Lanyin
3041:Dungan
3036:Xuzhou
3014:Gangou
2991:Weihai
2981:Dalian
2940:Taiwan
2907:Harbin
2669:
2631:
2583:30 Aug
2577:maayot
2414:厭𣵰羅鐄
2235:;
2219:;
2211:Korean
1389:Li Bai
1119:Gloss
603:poem (
570:" or "
513:diǎngù
318:trans.
309::
307:pinyin
299::
289::
213:
206:
199:
192:
184:
4846:Nüshu
4550:forms
4464:Sogou
4411:Input
4285:Hakka
4223:forms
4063:Other
4021:Shiqi
3960:Hailu
3928:Wuhua
3915:Hakka
3833:Other
3808:Other
3743:Pedan
3658:Other
3649:Fu'an
3626:Matsu
3558:Ji–Xu
3516:Xiang
3466:]
3454:]
3442:]
3435:Qi-De
3430:]
3418:]
3276:Shadi
3222:Taihu
3176:Gyami
3159:Other
3115:Wuhan
3024:Xi'an
2963:Jinan
2456:Idiom
2345:全心全意
2334:溫故知新
2323:盡善盡美
2312:相親相愛
2301:否極泰來
2221:Hanja
1846:guqin
767:Some
406:yànyǔ
372:shúyǔ
218:JSTOR
204:books
4807:Yale
4797:EFEO
4659:Seal
4444:Dayi
4041:Siyi
3723:Amoy
3240:Wuxi
3137:Huai
2950:Jilu
2793:2024
2767:2024
2741:2024
2667:ISBN
2629:ISBN
2585:2020
2532:2012
2509:2012
2238:故事成語
2232:고사성어
2226:四字成語
2216:사자성어
2180:'s "
1958:See
1931:易如反掌
1899:衣錦還鄉
1867:狼吞虎嚥
1854:See
1825:對牛彈琴
1814:See
1789:畫龍點睛
1776:See
1751:畫蛇添足
1740:See
1715:紙上談兵
1704:See
1679:負荊請罪
1639:火中取栗
1626:See
1601:刻舟求劍
1588:See
1560:塞翁失馬
1548:See
1541:Zhao
1515:完璧歸趙
1501:See
1474:三人成虎
1461:See
1436:亡羊補牢
1423:See
1398:守株待兔
1387:See
1362:磨杵成針
1349:See
1323:井底之蛙
1309:See
1283:朝三暮四
1271:See
1243:樂不思蜀
1232:See
1207:指鹿為馬
1196:See
1171:破釜沉舟
1158:See
1133:一箭雙鵰
983:qiān
895:qiān
828:成語接龍
793:火中取栗
781:冰山一角
774:言不由衷
760:醉翁亭記
707:言而無信
693:素面朝天
683:空穴來風
581:瓜田李下
539:破釜沉舟
467:萬夀無疆
190:news
4539:Gan
4439:CKC
4306:Old
4183:She
4173:Mai
3977:Yue
3580:Min
3476:Gan
3403:Hui
3252:(?)
3190:Jin
2917:Taz
2812:at
2036:is
1539:to
1264:Shu
1091:qiū
1071:sān
915:qiū
724:yán
574:".
543:" (
416:or
409:).
381:慣用語
377:惯用语
173:by
111:by
4881::
3464:zh
3452:zh
3440:zh
3428:zh
3416:zh
3213:Wu
2758:.
2731:.
2727:.
2713:".
2575:.
2525:65
2502:65
2281:.
2054:成語
2051:故事
2030:熟語
1665:)
1051:rì
1031:yí
1003:lǐ
963:rì
943:yí
875:rì
855:yí
809:.
686:,
663:,
634:瓜田
622:,
614:君子
607:樂府
520:典故
472:天保
420:.
403:;
401:諺語
399:;
397:谚语
383:;
379:;
369:;
367:熟語
365:;
363:熟语
329:.
315:;
305:;
302:成语
295:;
292:成語
73:.
2849:e
2842:t
2835:v
2816:.
2795:.
2769:.
2743:.
2700:.
2675:.
2637:.
2608:.
2587:.
2534:.
2511:.
2253:(
2209:(
2188:)
2171:山
2168:火
2165:林
2162:風
2153:薬
2150:膏
2147:股
2144:二
2135:噌
2132:味
2129:前
2126:手
2117:目
2114:八
2111:目
2108:傍
2097:会
2094:一
2091:期
2088:一
2079:月
2076:風
2073:鳥
2070:花
2047:(
2027:字
2024:四
2020:(
1947:)
1935:(
1913:)
1903:(
1881:)
1871:(
1839:)
1829:(
1803:)
1793:(
1765:)
1755:(
1729:)
1719:(
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1683:(
1653:)
1643:(
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1605:(
1575:)
1565:(
1530:)
1520:(
1488:)
1478:(
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1440:(
1412:)
1402:(
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1366:(
1338:)
1328:(
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1288:(
1257:)
1247:(
1221:)
1211:(
1185:)
1175:(
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1137:(
1096:)
1086:(
1082:秋
1076:)
1066:(
1062:三
1056:)
1046:(
1042:日
1036:)
1026:(
1022:一
1008:)
998:(
994:里
988:)
978:(
974:千
968:)
958:(
954:日
948:)
938:(
934:一
920:)
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906:秋
900:)
890:(
886:千
880:)
870:(
866:日
860:)
850:(
846:一
756:(
730:言
727:(
659:冠
656:整
653:不
650:下
647:李
645:，
643:履
640:納
637:不
626:"
619:》
617:行
612:《
610:詩
585:(
516:(
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252:(
240:)
234:(
229:)
225:(
215:·
208:·
201:·
194:·
167:.
138:)
132:(
127:)
123:(
105:.
80:)
76:(
41:.
34:.
20:)
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