393:
674:, a few kilometers north-west of Pantelleria in 1831, reaching a maximum height of 63 meters, but was eroded again at sea level after a few months. The summit is now a few meters below the surface of the sea. A later eruption may have occurred in 1863, but this is not proven. A swarm of small earthquakes in 2002 led to think that magma was moving under the volcano, but no eruption occurred. It is located in the so-called Graham volcanic field, which is believed to be, together with the nearby Terribile and Nerita fields, part of a hypothetical large underwater volcano called
634:
36:
968:
698:
1096:, which occurred about 40,000 BP, considered the most severe ever to occur in the Mediterranean area, having a VEI equal to 7, and which probably had effects on the climate worldwide. Only slightly less intense was that of the Neapolitan yellow tuff, which occurred about 15,000 BP. There are also indications of a third large-magnitude eruption, which probably occurred 29,000 BP. For this reason, the Phlegraean Fields are also closely monitored by the
1120:
1271:
4137:
303:
1207:
481:
495:
4126:
1285:
107:
1058:
219:
203:
187:
59:
235:
75:
171:
155:
91:
139:
123:
43:
660:. Marsili rises 3,000 metres from the seabed in the Tyrrhenian sea 180 km south of Naples. Its summit is only 500 metres below the surface of the water. The volcano last erupted between 2,100 and 5,000 BC, and is considered active, and potentially dangerous, as a possible collapse of the volcanic building could trigger a
403:
1139:
Etna is characterized by an almost continuous eruptive activity, and, unlike
Vesuvius, the eruptions of Etna tend to be effusive, with lava flows that can come from both the summit craters and side openings. These eruptions almost always do not cause high damage, but there are exceptions. The largest
1243:
outside the Sciara del Fuoco. In total, there were four deaths and numerous buildings destroyed. The most recent paroxysmal events occurred on 3 July and 28 August 2019, with the former explosion causing the death of a hiker. In these eruptions, pyroclastic flows able to flow over the sea for a few
306:
Active and quiescent eruptive centres in Italy grouped into the main magmatic provinces. This map considers the magmatic provinces present from the Middle
Miocene to the Quaternary, from active to quiescent centres to late hydrothermal manifestations. Ancient volcanic manifestations (Paleozoic to
1220:
is one of the most active volcanoes in the world, with almost persistent activity for at least 2,000 years, which is why it was nicknamed the "lighthouse of the
Mediterranean". Usually this activity consists of a continuous degassing, interspersed with small bursts of low intensity, at temporal
1085:, was of low intensity, and was preceded by a period of quiescence that lasted more than 3,000 years (before which there was a long sequence of close eruptions). However, the Phlegraean Fields are capable of producing violent eruptions, which earned them the title of
1232:(a depression shaped like a horseshoe, formed about 6,000 BP,) away from the inhabited settlements. At irregular intervals, Stromboli can give rise to much more violent explosions than normal, called paroxysms, which can instead cause damage to the population.
362:
1183:. In the 1979 eruption, a sudden explosion caused nine deaths and 23 injuries in a group of tourists on excursion, and in that same eruption the last official order to evacuate an inhabited centre was issued due to an eruption of Etna.
409:
408:
405:
404:
952:
In the
Tyrrhenian Sea there are also numerous submarine volcanoes that are now considered extinct: the Vasilov, the Lametini, the Magnaghi, as well as numerous other underwater mountains whose volcanic nature has only recently been
410:
1076:
are not made up of a single large volcanic edifice, but are a vast volcanic field within which numerous eruptive vents have opened, often different from eruptions. The only eruption in historical times, which generated
407:
376:. The high geothermal gradient that forms part of the peninsula makes it potentially exploitable also in other regions; research carried out in the 1960s and 1970s identified potential geothermal fields in
574:
have since been questioned, and the last ascertained eruption occurred in 34,000 BC. Since this time interval is comparable to the average dormancy time of the volcano, it cannot yet be considered extinct.
1228:
About 1–2 times per decade, lava can overflow from the summit craters, forming flows that can also reach the sea. These flows usually go towards the north-western area of the island, in the so-called
1179:
in the eruption of 1843, due to a phreatic explosion due to contact between the lava and a source of water. The last highly destructive eruption occurred in 1928, when the lava buried the town of
1235:
On 11 September 1930, what is considered the most violent eruptive event of the volcano in the last 13 centuries, occurred with a massive fallout of volcanic material on the inhabited centre of
1255:
waves. The last event of this type occurred on 30 December 2002, when the wave did damage to coastal buildings. An underwater landslide event of greater proportions could have caused the
1194:
for a decade, was completely different. A further explosive eruption, of a sub-Plinian type, occurred in 44 BC. This eruptive history, associated with the high population density of the
1156:, with a flow up to 17 km long. This eruption completely changed the landscape of the area, but due to its effusive nature there were no victims associated with the eruption.
1033:
about 3,900 BP (estimated to have a VEI of 6). After 79 AD there were no more plinian eruptions, but at most sub-plinian. The most important were that of 472 AD (whose ash reached
664:. However, it is not yet clear how much this eventuality is actually possible, as there is no evidence of similar collapses (and consequent tsunamis) in the last 700,000 years.
2463:
522:, a small volcano connected by an isthmus to the island of Vulcano, which erupted out of the sea in 183 BC and showed occasional activity thereafter until the 16th century.
516:, probably last erupted around 1,000 BC. There was a submarine eruption a few kilometres north-east of the island in 1891, which was probably related to the main volcano.
1353:
1313:
3196:
406:
707:
In Italy there is also a large number of geological structures due to extinct volcanic centres. It is possible to group these volcanoes into various categories:
3228:
3859:
3211:
1395:
3823:
2753:
2485:
3957:
1690:
3864:
3429:
831:. The first two considered dormant, the others (despite an alleged eruption of the Volsini in 104 BC) are instead considered definitively extinct.
1045:
for the drafting of evacuation plans in the event of future eruptions. Due to this eruptive history, and the very high population density in the
2641:
1508:
4107:
3270:
342:
history from that of the rest of Italy, where several cycles of volcanic activity occurred, the last of which ended at the beginning of the
3904:
3179:
2987:
1029:
Scholars have discovered that previously
Vesuvius had given rise to even more violent Plinian eruptions, the last of which was that of the
791:, leaving behind a large number of volcanoes with a characteristic more or less circular shape (due to the collapse of the magma chamber):
3096:
311:
Three main clusters of volcanism exist: a line of volcanic centres running northwest along the central part of the
Italian mainland (see:
35:
2211:
3233:
991:
972:
2531:"Geoarchaeological Evidence of Middle-Age Tsunamis at Stromboli and Consequences for the Tsunami Hazard in the Southern Tyrrhenian Sea"
361:", a global list of volcanoes to be kept under closer surveillance. In particular, the "Volcanoes of the Decade" is a list drawn up by
3952:
3537:
3164:
2997:
2758:
250:
2255:
2189:
3184:
3159:
3002:
2035:
2507:
3556:
2837:
2723:
3133:
3680:
3592:
3439:
3434:
3265:
2614:
1038:
2365:
392:
3628:
3216:
2693:
1159:
Another eruption of similar magnitude occurred in 396 BC, when the lava flows, reaching the sea, hindered the advance of the
505:
At least 10 other volcanic centres have seen eruptions in historic times. In order of the most recent eruptions, they are:
3879:
3710:
3597:
3128:
3123:
2079:
1643:
1093:
3275:
1804:
3638:
3577:
3562:
3414:
2728:
1333:
Filippo
Mundula, Raffaello Cioni, Francesco Dessì, Antonio Funedda, Maria Teresa Melis, Danila Elisabetta Patta (2015).
1198:(but with a less problematic situation than that of Naples), therefore requires continuous surveillance of the volcano.
1195:
4161:
3982:
3700:
3546:
3328:
3238:
3138:
3024:
2992:
2677:
1145:
1128:
1046:
2343:
2321:
4037:
3665:
3485:
3392:
3365:
3300:
3174:
2708:
2634:
1308:
1015:
1399:
4067:
3833:
3756:
3720:
2738:
2703:
2698:
2599:
1303:
1041:, which killed thousands of people (due to pyroclastic flows and lahars),) and which was taken as a reference by
373:
288:
1103:
They are also characterized by numerous secondary volcanic phenomena, of which the best known is the
Phlegraean
4082:
4072:
4052:
4022:
3977:
3675:
3517:
3449:
3419:
3399:
3280:
2956:
2921:
2718:
2389:"Pyroclastic density currents at Stromboli volcano (Aeolian Islands, Italy): a case study of the 1930 eruption"
712:
688:
coast. It last erupted around 8,000 BC, and like the
Marsili it is considered active and potentially dangerous.
2609:
2299:
1756:
633:
2123:
770:
3962:
3725:
3582:
3552:
3527:
3444:
3404:
3343:
3242:
3007:
2977:
2277:
2013:
1221:
distances that can vary from a few minutes to a few hours, a type of eruption that is defined precisely as
3660:
3648:
3424:
3409:
3101:
2743:
835:
649:
in the seas surrounding Italy, in particular in the south-eastern
Tyrrhenian and in the Strait of Sicily:
312:
592:(north). It last erupted in 70,000 BC, but, as for the Monte Albano, it cannot yet be considered extinct.
3967:
3894:
3874:
3788:
3737:
3495:
3475:
3285:
2879:
2847:
2733:
2713:
2627:
1370:
2167:
1334:
769:(Bolsena volcano, Latera volcano, Montefiascone volcano), a caldera complex at the northern end of the
599:
3818:
3633:
3522:
3500:
3154:
3052:
2936:
2804:
2542:
2400:
1847:
1222:
1160:
1097:
858:
675:
4102:
4092:
4047:
3813:
3778:
3773:
3490:
3111:
3047:
2967:
1256:
1062:
4077:
4062:
4042:
3899:
3840:
3793:
3715:
3572:
3542:
3532:
3507:
3480:
3380:
3316:
3072:
3067:
2784:
2578:
2441:
2416:
1347:
1248:
1236:
1107:, which in the second half of the 1900s led to the evacuation of entire districts of the city of
987:
732:
671:
462:
967:
697:
1969:
4027:
4017:
3889:
3803:
3768:
3695:
3685:
3463:
3333:
3247:
3077:
3057:
3031:
3019:
2814:
2809:
2794:
2789:
2774:
2570:
1164:
1141:
1124:
1119:
1073:
1066:
1042:
1030:
1023:
926:
828:
788:
667:
646:
638:
528:, a huge caldera containing the western area of Naples, erupted in 1538, generating the small
525:
328:
209:
113:
4097:
3919:
3869:
3850:
3845:
3798:
3705:
3643:
3623:
3611:
3567:
3370:
3350:
3338:
3201:
3169:
3082:
2799:
2662:
2654:
2560:
2550:
2408:
1298:
1251:(often in correspondence with the paroxysms), both aerial and submarine, capable of causing
1240:
1229:
1186:
The great explosive eruption of 122 BC, a Plinian event, which caused serious damage to the
1172:
1019:
681:
358:
331:
302:
241:
2233:
263:
is due chiefly to the presence, a short distance to the south, of the boundary between the
4007:
3997:
3992:
3987:
3884:
3808:
3670:
3189:
3087:
2972:
2872:
2779:
2057:
756:
744:
716:
617:
607:
552:, an island a couple of kilometres from Vulcano, has a volcano which last erupted in 1230.
448:
320:
280:
1991:
906:
were found, dating back to about 290 million years ago, long before the formation of the
2546:
2404:
4140:
4087:
4057:
4002:
3909:
3783:
3730:
3690:
3360:
3355:
3206:
3106:
3062:
3014:
2916:
2884:
2842:
2819:
2565:
2530:
2101:
1425:
1276:
1176:
1034:
983:
934:
884:
816:
796:
728:
657:
624:, but a high seismic and gaseous activity suggests that it can be considered quiescent.
577:
484:
454:
366:
354:
264:
81:
4155:
4012:
3653:
3223:
2911:
2889:
2748:
2420:
1168:
843:
824:
701:
268:
2582:
876:
last erupted about 130,000 BC, and which still has a remarkable geothermal activity.
4130:
3937:
3742:
3512:
3116:
2982:
2931:
2906:
2486:"Quando un flusso piroclastico scorre sul mare: esempi a Stromboli e altri vulcani"
1290:
1270:
1187:
1086:
1082:
995:
903:
873:
820:
792:
774:
595:
1912:
1691:"Monti Sabatini e Colli Albani: i vulcani gemelli addormentati alle porte di Roma"
1206:
17:
1014:
in 79 AD, causing thousands of victims. It is estimated that this eruption had a
4032:
3972:
3942:
3295:
2926:
1078:
1003:
979:
866:
851:
812:
800:
621:
567:
555:
533:
509:
480:
426:
Four of Italy's volcanoes have erupted in the last one-hundred and fifty years:
343:
324:
225:
193:
2555:
1926:
1891:
1869:
1826:
369:
project, which includes, overall, 16 volcanoes distributed all over the world.
3290:
2899:
2412:
1947:
1913:"Monte Cervati : Climbing, Hiking & Mountaineering : SummitPost"
1509:"Italian island of Vulcano orders partial evacuation after increased activity"
1266:
1104:
930:
918:
519:
494:
430:
414:
363:
International Association of Volcanology and Chemistry of the Earth's Interior
350:
296:
49:
945:
nature. These are volcanoes dating back to the period between the end of the
2388:
1217:
1210:
880:
808:
804:
784:
603:
585:
581:
563:
529:
444:
396:
307:
Lower Tertiary), which are now completely inactive, are not considered here.
65:
2574:
1049:, Vesuvius is considered one of the most dangerous volcanoes in the world.
3947:
3932:
3927:
3828:
2862:
2857:
1577:
1485:
1108:
1011:
946:
922:
914:
899:
895:
839:
724:
571:
570:. It may have last erupted in 5,000 BC, the idea of eruptions during the
438:
335:
1665:
1057:
323:; and a cluster southwest of Sicily around the island of
2962:
2894:
2145:
1782:
1533:
1252:
1190:
city of Catania, which for this reason was exempt from paying taxes to
1180:
1153:
1132:
1007:
999:
938:
847:
766:
760:
740:
720:
685:
661:
653:
613:
513:
498:
488:
468:
437:(continuous activity). It is the highest volcano in Europe west of the
381:
339:
276:
177:
161:
97:
3587:
2464:"Stromboli sorvegliato speciale. Ingv: 'E' allerta gialla' - Sicilia"
1463:
942:
888:
752:
748:
736:
549:
543:
539:
461:(last erupted in 1944); the only volcano to have recently erupted in
458:
434:
316:
284:
145:
129:
1734:
1712:
1555:
2867:
2650:
1621:
1599:
1421:
1118:
1056:
966:
780:
696:
632:
493:
479:
401:
391:
377:
301:
272:
2619:
2387:
Di Roberto, A.; Bertagnini, A.; Pompilio, M.; Bisson, M. (2014).
2256:"La grande eruzione dell'Etna del 1669 tra vulcanologia e storia"
787:; this area was particularly rich in volcanic activity up to the
374:
first country to exploit geothermal energy to produce electricity
3375:
2852:
2146:"Campi Flegrei, storia del supervulcano piĂą pericoloso d'Europa"
1438:
1191:
1149:
907:
862:
589:
559:
292:
2623:
2600:
Information about Vesuvius, Campi Flegrei, Ischia and Stromboli
2508:"Krakatau e Stromboli: esempi di maremoti di origine vulcanica"
606:
volcano), a volcanic complex and caldera at the north of the
2366:"I parossismi di Stromboli: ovvero gli "scatti del vulcano""
1428:
are considered European only from a political point of view.
471:, another of the Aeolian Islands, last erupted in 1888–1890.
295:
erupted by Italy's volcanoes is thought to result from the
1247:
A further source of danger about Stromboli is the risk of
346:, but currently hosts only permanently extinct volcanoes.
678:. However, this hypothesis is not definitively confirmed.
2604:
2529:
Rosi, M.; Levi, S. T.; Pistolesi, M. (24 January 2019).
1644:"Le eruzioni recenti ai Colli Albani: un "mito" moderno"
850:, with Roccamonfina and Vulture both dating back to the
279:
active country, containing the only active volcanoes in
2080:"L'eruzione vesuviana del 1631 e l'epigrafe del Vicerè"
865:. It has been falling apart due to instability and the
684:, an underwater volcano in the Tyrrhenian Sea near the
811:. The corresponding volcanic systems are those of the
645:
In addition to the volcanoes on land, there are three
349:
Due to their position within densely populated areas,
2605:
Information about Etna, Stromboli, Lipari and Vulcano
1018:(VEI) equal to 5, and is considered the archetype of
3918:
3755:
3610:
3462:
3315:
3258:
3147:
3134:
Austrian occupation and Kingdom of Lombardy-Venetia
3040:
2949:
2830:
2767:
2686:
2670:
2661:
2322:"Una tragica estate. L'eruzione dell'Etna del 1979"
834:Still in the anti-Apennines, to the south, are the
2212:"Osservatorio Vesuviano - Tufo Giallo Napoletano"
1396:"Inventario delle risorse geotermiche nazionali"
1314:National Institute of Geophysics and Volcanology
861:sits on is an unstable volcanic plateau made of
588:volcano) is a volcanic complex and caldera near
1152:buried numerous villages reaching the sea near
610:volcanic complex. It last erupted in 90,000 BC.
254:Active and quiescent volcanoes present in Italy
2058:"Osservatorio Vesuviano - Eruzione di Pollena"
1336:Gli edifici vulcanici cenozoici della Sardegna
2635:
2190:"Osservatorio Vesuviano - Ignimbrite Campana"
1992:"Osservatorio Vesuviano - Eruzione di Pompei"
891:. However, geothermal activity is found here.
8:
2102:"Osservatorio Vesuviano - Eruzione del 1631"
1352:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
562:(south). The most recent eruptions produced
283:(while volcanic islands are also present in
3761:
3616:
3468:
3321:
2667:
2642:
2628:
2620:
2234:"Osservatorio Vesuviano - Storia Eruttiva"
2036:"Osservatorio Vesuviano - Storia eruttiva"
1892:"Global Volcanism Program | Monte Vulture"
1757:"Cosa (non) sappiamo del vulcano Marsili?"
2564:
2554:
2014:"Vesuvio, 79 d.C. Cronaca di un'eruzione"
1870:"Global Volcanism Program | Roccamonfina"
713:islands belonging to the Italian Republic
299:and melting of one plate below another.
106:
2278:"Le eruzioni di epoca storica dell'Etna"
1848:"Rischio vulcanico. I vulcani in Italia"
1244:hundred meters have also been observed.
1205:
2300:"Le eruzioni di epoca storica dell'Etn"
1390:
1388:
1325:
1175:). A few dozen deaths were recorded in
384:, as well as in most volcanic islands.
2168:"Osservatorio Vesuviano - Terza Epoca"
1345:
1131:, in which the lava flow that reaches
949:and the first part of the Pleistocene.
715:are of volcanic origin; the remaining
1827:"Global Volcanism Program | Palinuro"
1685:
1683:
1365:
1363:
1257:tsunami in the Gulf of Naples in 1343
7:
3180:Proclamation of the Kingdom of Italy
1458:
1456:
558:, a quiescent volcanic complex near
1927:"Global Volcanism Program | Amiata"
1507:Tondo, Lorenzo (21 November 2021).
990:. The most widely-known is the one
973:eruption of Mount Vesuvius in 79 AD
357:have been included in the list of "
289:volcanic arc of the southern Aegean
218:
202:
186:
542:, an island 20 kilometres west of
25:
1342:(in Italian). Rubbettino Editore.
857:The landform that the village of
58:
4136:
4135:
4124:
1283:
1269:
1092:The most famous was that of the
234:
233:
217:
201:
185:
169:
153:
137:
121:
105:
89:
74:
73:
57:
41:
34:
3865:Orders, decorations, and medals
2324:(in Italian). 12 September 2019
879:Much older (dating back to the
854:and Cervati to an unknown date.
441:. It last erupted in July 2024.
170:
154:
90:
2510:(in Italian). 25 December 2018
2488:(in Italian). 5 September 2019
2442:"La "memoria" dello Stromboli"
2082:(in Italian). 16 December 2018
1371:"Dove sono situati i vulcani?"
1026:, an eyewitness of the event.
986:is generally characterized by
925:was extracted and exported in
872:To the north, in Tuscany, the
138:
122:
1:
2610:Italy Volcanoes and Volcanics
2444:(in Italian). 16 October 2020
2302:(in Italian). 25 January 2021
2280:(in Italian). 22 January 2021
1398:. UNMIG. 2011. Archived from
1094:Campanian Ignimbrite eruption
656:, a submarine volcano in the
2016:(in Italian). 19 August 2018
1972:(in Italian). 9 October 2019
1196:Metropolitan City of Catania
1144:of Etna in historical times
1072:Unlike Vesuvius, the nearby
902:) the remains of an ancient
42:
3905:Water supply and sanitation
3329:Italian geographical region
3197:Monarchy and the World Wars
3139:Kingdom of the Two Sicilies
3025:War of the Sicilian Vespers
2678:Timeline of Italian history
1047:Metropolitan City of Naples
338:has had a totally separate
4178:
3824:Inventions and discoveries
3234:Fall of the Fascist regime
3217:Fourth War of Independence
3175:Expedition of the Thousand
3165:Second War of Independence
2615:Larderello isn't a volcano
2556:10.1038/s41598-018-37050-3
2368:(in Italian). 15 July 2019
2258:(in Italian). 7 March 2019
1970:"Ovidio e i suoi fratelli"
1309:List of volcanoes in Italy
1016:Volcanic Explosivity Index
315:); a cluster northeast of
27:Volcanic activity in Italy
4120:
3764:
3619:
3598:Security and intelligence
3471:
3324:
3185:Third War of Independence
3160:First War of Independence
2466:(in Italian). 3 July 2019
2413:10.1007/s00445-014-0827-5
1763:(in Italian). 19 May 2015
1693:(in Italian). 8 June 2020
1646:(in Italian). 7 July 2020
1373:(in Italian). 14 May 2013
1304:Geothermal power in Italy
1123:Fresco (preserved in the
417:eruption in November 2013
3276:Istrian–Dalmatian exodus
3271:Institutional referendum
1129:eruption of Etna of 1669
1022:, which are named after
3799:Emigration and diaspora
3008:Guelphs and Ghibellines
2993:the Sardinian Judicates
2393:Bulletin of Volcanology
1948:"ATL ValSesia Vercelli"
1239:and the formation of a
1213:eruption on 3 July 2019
978:The volcanic system of
913:Among the volcanoes of
771:Roman magmatic province
637:Painting depicting the
546:, last erupted in 1302.
359:Volcanoes of the Decade
3681:Science and technology
3629:Italian regions by GDP
3430:Marine protected areas
3102:Grand Duchy of Tuscany
1214:
1136:
1127:) depicting the large
1069:
975:
971:Areas affected by the
846:, and the flat-topped
704:
693:Main extinct volcanoes
670:, emerged following a
642:
620:, last erupted in the
502:
491:
451:(continuous activity).
418:
399:
313:Campanian volcanic arc
308:
3880:Public administration
2988:the Holy Roman Empire
1805:"Vulcani sottomarini"
1209:
1122:
1060:
970:
958:Significant eruptions
700:
636:
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4108:World Heritage Sites
3563:Council of Ministers
3301:Coronavirus pandemic
2699:Currency and coinage
1098:Vesuvius Observatory
859:Civita di Bagnoregio
629:Underwater volcanoes
251:class=notpageimage|
3639:Automotive industry
3578:Metropolitan cities
3124:Early Modern period
3097:Kingdom of Sardinia
3048:Italian city-states
2547:2019NatSR...9..677R
2405:2014BVol...76..827D
1424:is higher, but the
988:explosive eruptions
941:of the Giare, of a
647:submarine volcanoes
512:, off the coast of
487:seen from ruins of
4162:Volcanism of Italy
3701:Telecommunications
3068:Maritime republics
2535:Scientific Reports
1215:
1146:took place in 1669
1137:
1135:is clearly visible
1070:
1031:pumice of Avellino
976:
917:the main ones are
777:volcanic complex).
733:Phlegraean Islands
705:
672:surtseyan eruption
643:
503:
492:
463:Continental Europe
419:
400:
309:
261:volcanism of Italy
18:Volcanism in Italy
4149:
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3686:Southern question
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3538:Political parties
3486:Foreign relations
3458:
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3311:
3310:
3032:Kingdom of Naples
3020:Kingdom of Sicily
1486:"Somma - Vesuvio"
1171:(as described by
1161:Carthaginian army
1142:effusive eruption
1125:Catania Cathedral
1074:Phlegraean Fields
1067:Phlegraean Fields
1053:Phlegraean Fields
1043:Protezione Civile
1024:Pliny the Younger
1020:Plinian eruptions
927:prehistoric times
829:Monti della Tolfa
789:Upper Pleistocene
773:(at the north of
668:Isola Ferdinandea
639:Isola Ferdinandea
536:("new mountain").
526:Phlegraean Fields
476:Dormant volcanoes
411:
114:Phlegraean Fields
16:(Redirected from
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4131:Italy portal
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4068:National symbols
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1241:pyroclastic flow
1230:Sciara del Fuoco
1173:Diodorus Siculus
1169:Greco-Punic wars
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1402:on 22 July 2011
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365:, as part of a
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281:mainland Europe
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3691:Stock exchange
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3707:
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3699:
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3408:
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3327:
3326:
3323:
3320:
3318:
3314:
3302:
3299:
3297:
3294:
3292:
3289:
3287:
3286:Years of Lead
3284:
3282:
3281:Economic Boom
3279:
3277:
3274:
3272:
3269:
3268:
3267:
3264:
3263:
3261:
3257:
3249:
3246:
3244:
3240:
3237:
3235:
3232:
3230:
3227:
3225:
3224:Fascist Italy
3222:
3218:
3215:
3214:
3213:
3210:
3208:
3205:
3203:
3200:
3199:
3198:
3195:
3191:
3188:
3186:
3183:
3181:
3178:
3176:
3173:
3171:
3170:Niçard exodus
3168:
3166:
3163:
3161:
3158:
3157:
3156:
3153:
3152:
3150:
3146:
3140:
3137:
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3132:
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3125:
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3118:
3115:
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3110:
3108:
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3098:
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3089:
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3026:
3023:
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3018:
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3013:
3009:
3006:
3004:
3001:
2999:
2996:
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2991:
2989:
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2918:
2915:
2913:
2910:
2909:
2908:
2905:
2901:
2898:
2896:
2893:
2891:
2890:Magna Graecia
2888:
2886:
2883:
2881:
2878:
2874:
2871:
2869:
2866:
2864:
2861:
2859:
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2700:
2697:
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2456:
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2367:
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2323:
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2301:
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2279:
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2270:
2257:
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2248:
2235:
2229:
2226:
2213:
2207:
2204:
2191:
2185:
2182:
2169:
2163:
2160:
2147:
2141:
2138:
2125:
2119:
2116:
2103:
2097:
2094:
2081:
2075:
2072:
2059:
2053:
2050:
2037:
2031:
2028:
2015:
2009:
2006:
1993:
1987:
1984:
1971:
1965:
1962:
1949:
1943:
1940:
1928:
1922:
1919:
1914:
1908:
1905:
1893:
1887:
1884:
1871:
1865:
1862:
1849:
1843:
1840:
1828:
1822:
1819:
1806:
1800:
1797:
1784:
1783:"Ferdinandea"
1778:
1775:
1762:
1761:Ingvterremoti
1758:
1752:
1749:
1736:
1730:
1727:
1714:
1708:
1705:
1692:
1686:
1684:
1680:
1667:
1661:
1658:
1645:
1639:
1636:
1623:
1617:
1614:
1601:
1595:
1592:
1579:
1573:
1570:
1557:
1551:
1548:
1535:
1534:"Pantelleria"
1529:
1526:
1514:
1510:
1503:
1500:
1487:
1481:
1478:
1465:
1459:
1457:
1453:
1440:
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1423:
1417:
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1401:
1397:
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1199:
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1157:
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1126:
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1114:
1112:
1110:
1106:
1101:
1099:
1095:
1090:
1088:
1084:
1080:
1075:
1068:
1065:, inside the
1064:
1059:
1052:
1050:
1048:
1044:
1040:
1036:
1032:
1027:
1025:
1021:
1017:
1013:
1009:
1005:
1001:
997:
993:
989:
985:
981:
974:
969:
962:
957:
951:
948:
944:
940:
936:
932:
928:
924:
920:
916:
912:
909:
905:
901:
897:
893:
890:
886:
882:
878:
875:
871:
868:
864:
860:
856:
853:
849:
845:
841:
837:
833:
830:
826:
825:Monti Volsini
822:
818:
814:
810:
806:
802:
798:
794:
790:
786:
782:
779:
776:
772:
768:
765:
762:
758:
754:
750:
746:
742:
738:
734:
730:
726:
722:
718:
714:
711:Many smaller
710:
709:
708:
703:
702:Monte Vulture
699:
692:
687:
683:
680:
677:
673:
669:
666:
663:
659:
655:
652:
651:
650:
648:
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628:
623:
619:
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612:
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587:
583:
579:
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456:
453:
450:
447:, one of the
446:
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436:
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429:
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398:
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383:
379:
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364:
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330:
326:
322:
318:
314:
304:
300:
298:
294:
290:
286:
282:
278:
274:
270:
269:African Plate
266:
262:
252:
243:
227:
211:
195:
179:
163:
147:
131:
115:
99:
83:
67:
51:
37:
30:
19:
3968:Architecture
3938:Quattrocento
3895:Social class
3875:Prostitution
3789:Demographics
3711:Trade unions
3654:Central Bank
3496:Human rights
3476:Constitution
3387:
3259:Contemporary
3229:World War II
3117:Italian Wars
3041:Early modern
2983:Papal States
2961:Italy under
2907:Ancient Rome
2538:
2534:
2524:
2512:. Retrieved
2502:
2490:. Retrieved
2480:
2468:. Retrieved
2458:
2446:. Retrieved
2436:
2424:. Retrieved
2396:
2392:
2382:
2370:. Retrieved
2360:
2348:. Retrieved
2346:(in Italian)
2338:
2326:. Retrieved
2316:
2304:. Retrieved
2294:
2282:. Retrieved
2272:
2260:. Retrieved
2250:
2238:. Retrieved
2236:(in Italian)
2228:
2216:. Retrieved
2214:(in Italian)
2206:
2194:. Retrieved
2192:(in Italian)
2184:
2172:. Retrieved
2170:(in Italian)
2162:
2150:. Retrieved
2148:(in Italian)
2140:
2128:. Retrieved
2126:(in Italian)
2118:
2106:. Retrieved
2104:(in Italian)
2096:
2084:. Retrieved
2074:
2062:. Retrieved
2060:(in Italian)
2052:
2040:. Retrieved
2038:(in Italian)
2030:
2018:. Retrieved
2008:
1996:. Retrieved
1994:(in Italian)
1986:
1974:. Retrieved
1964:
1952:. Retrieved
1950:(in Italian)
1942:
1930:. Retrieved
1921:
1907:
1895:. Retrieved
1886:
1874:. Retrieved
1872:(in Italian)
1864:
1852:. Retrieved
1850:(in Italian)
1842:
1830:. Retrieved
1821:
1809:. Retrieved
1807:(in Italian)
1799:
1787:. Retrieved
1785:(in Italian)
1777:
1765:. Retrieved
1760:
1751:
1739:. Retrieved
1737:(in Italian)
1729:
1717:. Retrieved
1715:(in Italian)
1707:
1695:. Retrieved
1670:. Retrieved
1668:(in Italian)
1660:
1648:. Retrieved
1638:
1626:. Retrieved
1624:(in Italian)
1616:
1604:. Retrieved
1602:(in Italian)
1594:
1582:. Retrieved
1580:(in Italian)
1572:
1560:. Retrieved
1558:(in Italian)
1550:
1538:. Retrieved
1536:(in Italian)
1528:
1516:. Retrieved
1513:The Observer
1512:
1502:
1490:. Retrieved
1488:(in Italian)
1480:
1468:. Retrieved
1466:(in Italian)
1443:. Retrieved
1441:(in Italian)
1433:
1416:
1406:14 September
1404:. Retrieved
1400:the original
1375:. Retrieved
1335:
1328:
1291:Italy portal
1246:
1234:
1227:
1216:
1185:
1158:
1138:
1102:
1091:
1087:supervolcano
1083:Lake Avernus
1071:
1039:that of 1631
1028:
977:
904:supervolcano
874:Monte Amiata
836:Roccamonfina
821:Monti Cimini
793:Lake Bolsena
706:
644:
602:volcano and
584:volcano and
556:Monte Albano
504:
425:
371:
348:
310:
277:volcanically
260:
258:
29:
4033:Italophilia
3993:Coat of arm
3943:Cinquecento
3819:Immigration
3769:Aristocracy
3634:Agriculture
3528:Nationality
3501:LGBT rights
3415:Earthquakes
3296:Mani pulite
3212:World War I
3155:Unification
3148:Late modern
3112:Renaissance
2957:Middle Ages
2950:Middle Ages
2927:Roman Italy
2694:Citizenship
2514:21 February
2492:21 February
2470:21 February
2448:21 February
2426:21 February
2372:21 February
2350:21 February
2344:"Stromboli"
2328:21 February
2306:21 February
2284:21 February
2262:21 February
2240:21 February
2218:21 February
2196:21 February
2174:21 February
2152:21 February
2130:21 February
2108:21 February
2086:21 February
2064:21 February
2042:21 February
2020:21 February
1998:21 February
1976:21 February
1954:21 February
1932:21 February
1897:21 February
1876:21 February
1854:21 February
1832:21 February
1811:21 February
1789:21 February
1767:21 February
1741:21 February
1719:21 February
1697:21 February
1672:21 February
1650:21 February
1628:21 February
1606:21 February
1584:21 February
1562:21 February
1540:21 February
1518:21 February
1492:21 February
1470:21 February
1464:"Stromboli"
1445:21 February
1377:21 February
1223:Strombolian
1167:during the
1148:, when the
1079:Monte Nuovo
1004:Herculaneum
953:discovered.
867:Tiber River
852:Pleistocene
813:Alban Hills
801:Lake Albano
622:Pleistocene
568:Lake Albano
534:Monte Nuovo
510:Pantelleria
344:Pleistocene
325:Pantelleria
226:Alban Hills
210:Ferdinandea
194:Pantelleria
4103:Traditions
4093:Television
4078:Philosophy
4043:Literature
3983:Cathedrals
3953:Settecento
3814:Healthcare
3779:Corruption
3774:Censorship
3533:Parliament
3491:Government
3291:Maxi Trial
3239:Resistance
2968:Ostrogoths
2900:Messapians
2785:Villanovan
2775:Prehistory
2768:Prehistory
2541:(1): 677.
1320:References
1249:landslides
1105:bradyseism
998:cities of
931:Montiferru
919:Monte Arci
883:) are the
676:Empedocles
520:Vulcanello
431:Mount Etna
340:geological
297:subduction
4063:Mythology
4038:Libraries
3958:Ottocento
3900:Terrorism
3841:Languages
3794:Education
3716:Transport
3666:Companies
3573:Provinces
3543:President
3508:Judiciary
3481:Elections
3393:Volcanoes
3388:Volcanism
3381:Apennines
3366:Mountains
3334:Peninsula
3317:Geography
3248:Civil War
2973:Byzantium
2880:Etruscans
2815:Canegrate
2810:Golasecca
2795:Rinaldone
2790:Terramare
2780:Neolithic
2421:129565883
2124:"Vesuvio"
1735:"Marsili"
1713:"Panarea"
1556:"Vulcano"
1348:cite book
1218:Stromboli
1211:Stromboli
1202:Stromboli
1063:Solfatara
881:Oligocene
809:Lake Vico
805:Lake Nemi
785:Apennines
586:Sacrofano
582:Bracciano
564:Lake Nemi
530:tuff cone
445:Stromboli
397:Stromboli
388:Volcanoes
327:, in the
287:, in the
66:Stromboli
4156:Category
4141:Category
4028:Internet
4018:Folklore
3948:Seicento
3933:Trecento
3928:Duecento
3890:Religion
3851:Regional
3829:Italians
3804:Gambling
3696:Taxation
3523:Military
3464:Politics
3266:Republic
3053:Florence
2978:Lombards
2917:Republic
2863:Samnites
2858:Picentes
2800:Apennine
2759:Railways
2739:Military
2687:By topic
2671:Overview
2655:articles
2583:59223130
2575:30679656
1622:"Lipari"
1600:"Ischia"
1263:See also
1237:Ginostra
1109:Pozzuoli
1012:Oplontis
984:Vesuvius
963:Vesuvius
947:Pliocene
943:basaltic
939:plateaus
937:and the
923:obsidian
915:Sardinia
900:Piedmont
896:Valsesia
840:Campania
725:Filicudi
682:Palinuro
608:Sabatini
578:Sabatini
572:Holocene
485:Vesuvius
439:Caucasus
355:Vesuvius
336:Sardinia
267:and the
242:Palinuro
82:Vesuvius
4098:Theatre
4073:Palaces
4053:Museums
4023:Gardens
4008:Fashion
3998:Cuisine
3978:Castles
3920:Culture
3870:Poverty
3846:Italian
3757:Society
3738:Welfare
3706:Tourism
3676:Exports
3644:Banking
3624:Economy
3612:Economy
3568:Regions
3450:Valleys
3420:Islands
3400:Beaches
3371:Prealps
3351:Geology
3339:Climate
3003:Normans
2963:Odoacer
2912:Kingdom
2895:Ligures
2831:Ancient
2805:Nuragic
2754:Postage
2729:Judaism
2719:Genetic
2709:Fashion
2704:Economy
2663:History
2566:6346119
2543:Bibcode
2401:Bibcode
1253:tsunami
1181:Mascali
1165:Himilco
1154:Catania
1133:Catania
1008:Stabiae
1000:Pompeii
921:(whose
848:Cervati
844:Vulture
767:Vulsini
761:Capraia
743:), the
741:Procida
721:Alicudi
686:Cilento
662:tsunami
654:Marsili
641:in 1831
614:Panarea
514:Tunisia
499:Vulcano
489:Pompeii
469:Vulcano
457:, near
382:Tuscany
319:in the
291:). The
178:Marsili
162:Panarea
98:Vulcano
4129:
4003:Design
3988:Cinema
3963:Anthem
3885:Racism
3834:People
3809:Health
3671:Energy
3661:Brands
3588:Comune
3583:Cities
3445:Rivers
3405:Canals
3088:Amalfi
3073:Venice
2932:Empire
2873:Veneti
2848:Latins
2820:Latial
2653:
2581:
2573:
2563:
2419:
1439:"Etna"
1177:Bronte
1037:) and
889:Veneto
827:, and
775:Cimini
755:, the
753:Linosa
749:Ustica
737:Vivara
731:) and
729:Salina
600:Cimino
596:Cimini
550:Lipari
544:Naples
540:Ischia
532:named
459:Naples
435:Sicily
317:Sicily
285:Greece
146:Lipari
130:Ischia
4088:Sport
4058:Music
4048:Media
3910:Women
3784:Crime
3649:Banks
3425:Lakes
3410:Caves
3361:Flora
3356:Fauna
3078:Genoa
3063:Milan
3058:Siena
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