183:
is "lost" (unavailable to the load), due to the resistance of the conductor. Voltage drop exists in both the supply and return wires of a circuit. If the voltage drop across each resistor is measured, the measurement will be a significant number. That represents the energy used by the resistor. The larger the resistor, the more energy used by that resistor, and the bigger the voltage drop across that resistor.
303:
104:, and the wires that supply it may have a resistance of 0.2 ohms, about 2% of the total circuit resistance. This means that approximately 2% of the supplied voltage is lost in the wire itself. An excessive voltage drop may result in the unsatisfactory performance of a space heater and overheating of the wires and connections.
119:, various techniques are employed to compensate for the effect of voltage drop on long circuits or where voltage levels must be accurately maintained. The simplest way to reduce voltage drop is to increase the diameter of the conductor between the source and the load, which lowers the overall resistance. In
182:
If the voltage between the DC source and the first resistor (67 ohms) is measured, the voltage potential at the first resistor will be slightly less than nine volts. The current passes through the conductor (wire) from the DC source to the first resistor; as this occurs, some of the supplied energy
228:
The amount of impedance in an alternating-current circuit depends on the frequency of the alternating current and the magnetic permeability of electrical conductors and electrically isolated elements (including surrounding elements), which varies with their size and spacing.
179:; all use and dissipate supplied energy to some degree. Their physical characteristics determine how much energy. For example, the DC resistance of a conductor depends upon the conductor's length, cross-sectional area, type of material, and temperature.
123:
systems, a given amount of power can be transmitted with less voltage drop if a higher voltage is used. More sophisticated techniques use active elements to compensate for excessive voltage drop.
115:
to ensure efficiency of distribution and proper operation of electrical equipment. The maximum permitted voltage drop varies from one country to another. In electronic design and
386:
332:
152:
state that in any DC circuit, the sum of the voltage drops across each component of the circuit is equal to the supply voltage.
422:
327:
149:
432:
342:
337:
382:
317:
250:. So, the voltage drop in an AC circuit is the product of the current and the impedance of the circuit.
214:
176:
417:
288:
263:
218:
199:
195:
78:
70:
222:
191:
62:
322:
308:
210:
120:
116:
74:
54:
46:
112:
268:
50:
427:
357:
172:
108:
86:
168:
156:
90:
209:
and measured in ohms at a specific frequency. Electrical impedance is computed as the
134:
can be used to determine the DC voltage drop by multiplying current times resistance:
411:
362:
347:
31:
97:
66:
236:
for direct-current circuits, electrical impedance may be expressed by the formula
233:
131:
352:
171:. The DC source, the conductors (wires), the resistors, and the light bulb (the
82:
38:
302:
298:
276:
93:
available to be converted in that load to some other useful form of energy.
17:
404:
Electrical
Principles for the Electrical Trades (Jim Jennesson) 5th edition
160:
194:
voltages additionally have a second kind of opposition to current flow:
284:
58:
27:
Decrease in electric potential along the flow of current in a circuit
383:"Voltage drop - maximum, determination, calculation of voltage drop"
280:
279:
experience a characteristic voltage drop when forward-biased (see
272:
259:
281:
Diode § Forward threshold voltage for various semiconductors
164:
101:
205:
Electrical impedance is commonly represented by the variable
167:, 100 ohms, and 470 ohms; and a light bulb—all connected in
111:
may set guidelines for the maximum voltage drop allowed in
283:
for a list of values). The energy is dissipated through
81:
are undesirable because some of the energy supplied is
155:Consider a direct-current circuit with a nine-volt
198:. The sum of resistance and reactance is called
8:
374:
333:Electrical resistivity and conductivity
7:
25:
301:
389:from the original on 2010-03-06
85:. The voltage drop across the
1:
100:may have a resistance of ten
328:Electric power distribution
449:
257:
29:
338:Ground loop (electricity)
291:are emitted and visible.
127:Resistive DC voltage drop
96:For example, an electric
287:, which for the case of
187:Reactive AC voltage drop
150:Kirchhoff's circuit laws
30:Not to be confused with
343:Kirchhoff's voltage law
89:is proportional to the
318:Brownout (electricity)
423:Electrical parameters
289:light-emitting diodes
215:electrical resistance
264:Light-emitting diode
219:capacitive reactance
49:along the path of a
223:inductive reactance
107:National and local
63:internal resistance
45:is the decrease of
323:Capacitive dropper
309:Electronics portal
254:Diode voltage drop
121:power distribution
117:power transmission
47:electric potential
433:Voltage stability
113:electrical wiring
16:(Redirected from
440:
398:
397:
395:
394:
379:
311:
306:
305:
249:
147:
109:electrical codes
21:
448:
447:
443:
442:
441:
439:
438:
437:
408:
407:
401:
392:
390:
381:
380:
376:
372:
367:
358:Voltage divider
307:
300:
297:
266:
258:Main articles:
256:
237:
189:
135:
129:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
446:
444:
436:
435:
430:
425:
420:
410:
409:
406:
405:
400:
399:
373:
371:
368:
366:
365:
360:
355:
350:
345:
340:
335:
330:
325:
320:
314:
313:
312:
296:
293:
255:
252:
188:
185:
159:source; three
128:
125:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
445:
434:
431:
429:
426:
424:
421:
419:
416:
415:
413:
403:
402:
388:
384:
378:
375:
369:
364:
363:Voltage droop
361:
359:
356:
354:
351:
349:
348:Mesh analysis
346:
344:
341:
339:
336:
334:
331:
329:
326:
324:
321:
319:
316:
315:
310:
304:
299:
294:
292:
290:
286:
282:
278:
274:
270:
269:P–n junctions
265:
261:
253:
251:
248:
244:
240:
235:
232:Analogous to
230:
226:
224:
220:
216:
212:
208:
203:
201:
197:
193:
186:
184:
180:
178:
174:
170:
166:
162:
158:
153:
151:
146:
142:
138:
133:
126:
124:
122:
118:
114:
110:
105:
103:
99:
94:
92:
88:
84:
80:
77:, and across
76:
72:
68:
64:
61:drops in the
60:
56:
53:flowing in a
52:
48:
44:
40:
33:
32:Voltage droop
19:
18:Voltage drops
391:. Retrieved
377:
267:
246:
242:
238:
231:
227:
206:
204:
190:
181:
154:
144:
140:
136:
130:
106:
98:space heater
95:
43:voltage drop
42:
36:
418:Electricity
353:Power cable
277:transistors
175:) all have
39:electronics
412:Categories
393:2010-03-06
370:References
177:resistance
83:dissipated
79:connectors
71:conductors
234:Ohm's law
200:impedance
196:reactance
161:resistors
132:Ohm's law
73:, across
69:, across
387:Archived
295:See also
148:. Also,
75:contacts
285:photons
245:
213:sum of
143:
65:of the
59:Voltage
55:circuit
51:current
428:Cables
273:diodes
221:, and
211:vector
169:series
163:of 67
67:source
260:Diode
91:power
275:and
262:and
173:load
165:ohms
102:ohms
87:load
271:in
37:In
414::
385:.
241:=
225:.
217:,
202:.
192:AC
157:DC
139:=
57:.
41:,
396:.
247:Z
243:I
239:E
207:Z
145:R
141:I
137:V
34:.
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.