439:
and to state whether it is expanded or collapsed. Although originally developed to address accessibility issues in HTML, the use of WAI-ARIA is not limited to HTML: in principle, it can also be used in other
372:
scripts to create user interface controls that cannot be created with HTML alone. They also use client-side scripts to update sections of a page without requesting a completely new page from a
1847:
489:
This is a technical introduction to WAI-ARIA. It describes the problems WAI-ARIA tries to address, the underlying concepts, the technical approach and business reasons for adopting WAI-ARIA.
1853:
495:
This document describes best practices for delivering rich
Internet applications with WAI-ARIA: it discusses subjects such as general steps for building accessible
1148:
431:
to HTML content in order to make user interface controls and dynamic content more accessible. For example, with WAI-ARIA it is possible to identify a list of
1158:
338:
1.2 Tiny added support for WAI-ARIA. On 20 March 2014, WAI-ARIA 1.0 became a completed W3C Recommendation. 14 December 2017 saw the release of WAI-ARIA 1.1.
1705:
1168:
888:
King, Matt; Ku, JaEun Jemma; Nurthen, James; Bijl, ZoΓ«; Cooper, Michael; Scheuhammer, Joseph; Pappas, Lisa; Schwerdtfeger, Rich, eds. (2019-08-14).
1841:
1439:
982:
1489:
1727:
1515:
1153:
1131:
1572:
1421:
296:
1242:
479:, and developers of accessibility evaluation tools. The WAI-ARIA has been marked as completed on 20 March 2014 and is therefore a
1684:
1178:
1877:
1562:
1329:
1136:
356:
Do not remove semantics or hide focusable elements (using role="presentation" or aria-hidden="true" on a focusable element)
1531:
795:. Accessible Rich Internet Applications Working Group, Education and Outreach Working Group. W3C (published December 2006)
408:, by adding role, property, and state information to dynamic web applications. ARIA is intended for use by developers of
1653:
1536:
1101:
453:
952:
documentation, videos, and articles relating to ARIA (materials under
Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike license)
1882:
975:
516:
456:
has published an overview of WAI-ARIA that introduces the subject and guides readers to the WAI-ARIA Suite documents:
243:
1449:
377:
1627:
1431:
1111:
1069:
1022:
1009:
991:
564:
300:
114:
88:
41:
714:
1183:
1037:
476:
335:
1567:
1464:
1459:
1074:
1052:
1577:
1371:
968:
1643:
1173:
1126:
1064:
538:
1257:
1096:
839:
468:
417:
401:
238:
1802:
1794:
1294:
1121:
1079:
594:
949:
1818:
1810:
1733:
1603:
1188:
618:
559:
480:
320:
1648:
944:
1786:
1674:
1669:
1230:
814:
554:
389:
253:
1887:
1304:
569:
520:
508:
441:
436:
359:
Ensure all interactive elements have an accessible name (Accessibility API accessible name).
347:
Donβt use ARIA if you can achieve the same semantics with a native HTML element or attribute
312:
380:. These user interface controls and content updates are often not accessible to users with
1582:
1469:
1057:
409:
405:
393:
1541:
1499:
1284:
1047:
316:
1871:
1381:
1309:
1299:
1225:
1032:
550:
504:
385:
304:
248:
792:
267:
512:
464:
381:
960:
1416:
1267:
762:
666:
1778:
1710:
1679:
1237:
1220:
1017:
534:
472:
413:
369:
1763:
1289:
1247:
1210:
1141:
955:
815:"Document Structure β SVG Tiny 1.2 Β§ 5.10.1 Attributes common to all elements"
500:
496:
373:
328:
140:
125:
120:
1401:
1339:
956:
Henny Swan (Opera): Setting up a screen reader test environment for WAI-ARIA
690:
432:
424:
889:
156:
939:
289:
Web
Accessibility Initiative – Accessible Rich Internet Applications
1351:
1319:
1279:
1215:
911:
840:"Document Structure β SVG Tiny 1.2 Β§ 18.3 Extensible metadata attributes"
529:
Much of the content of this document has been moved into other documents.
428:
397:
308:
1738:
1494:
1344:
1106:
912:"Roadmap for Accessible Rich Internet Applications (WAI-ARIA Roadmap)"
739:"WebAIM: Introduction to ARIA - Accessible Rich Internet Applications"
738:
642:
350:
Do not change the semantics of native HTML (unless you really have to)
1768:
1689:
1557:
1479:
1361:
1314:
1252:
1205:
1116:
135:
526:
Roadmap for
Accessible Rich Internet Applications (WAI-ARIA Roadmap)
25:
Web
Accessibility Initiative - Accessible Rich Internet Applications
1484:
1454:
1444:
1406:
1356:
1334:
1324:
1262:
1200:
1195:
1089:
867:
1474:
1376:
1163:
1084:
324:
964:
574:
353:
All interactive ARIA controls must be usable with the keyboard.
1598:
1411:
1366:
1274:
1042:
130:
460:
Accessible Rich
Internet Applications (WAI-ARIA) Version 1.0
595:"Scalable Vector Graphics (SVG) Tiny 1.2 Specification"
868:"Accessible Rich Internet Applications (WAI-ARIA) 1.0"
643:"Accessible Rich Internet Applications (WAI-ARIA) 1.1"
619:"Accessible Rich Internet Applications (WAI-ARIA) 1.0"
892:. Accessible Rich Internet Applications Working Group
1834:
1777:
1752:
1720:
1698:
1662:
1636:
1616:
1591:
1550:
1524:
1508:
1430:
1394:
1008:
999:
786:
784:
782:
262:
231:
162:
152:
106:
83:
65:
47:
37:
29:
113:
940:Web Accessibility Checking Tools by Gareth Slinn
541:, James Craig, Michael Cooper, and Lisa Pappas.
400:(or portions of pages) to declare themselves as
533:The ARIA specifications editors have included
202:Richard Schwerdtfeger (until October 2017
976:
16:Technical specification for web accessibility
8:
19:
1756:
1620:
1005:
983:
969:
961:
910:Schwerdtfeger, Richard, ed. (2008-02-04).
18:
862:
860:
463:This is primarily aimed at developers of
376:. Such techniques on websites are called
303:(W3C) that specifies how to increase the
444:such as Scalable Vector Graphics (SVG).
334:In the 15 September 2008 working draft,
1842:International World Wide Web Conference
918:. Protocols & Formats Working Group
586:
213:James Craig (Editor until May 2016
187:
499:, keyboard navigation, relationships,
420:, and accessibility evaluation tools.
945:Introduction to WAI ARIA by Gez Lemon
475:, in addition to developers of other
7:
1516:Web Content Accessibility Guidelines
791:Cooper, Michael, ed. (2011-01-18).
890:"WAI-ARIA Authoring Practices 1.1"
14:
388:users and users who cannot use a
838:SVG Working Group (2008-12-22).
813:SVG Working Group (2008-12-22).
575:CheckMeister accessibility tools
368:Web developers increasingly use
1739:Multimodal Interaction Activity
1699:Community & business groups
423:WAI-ARIA describes how to add
1:
1537:Web Accessibility Initiative
492:WAI-ARIA Authoring Practices
454:Web Accessibility Initiative
331:, and related technologies.
244:Progressive web applications
1822:(browser/editor, 1996β2012)
53:; 18 years ago
1904:
378:rich Internet applications
319:components developed with
191:Shane McCarron (until 2018
1759:
1628:World Wide Web Foundation
1623:
1532:Markup Validation Service
1112:Linked Data Notifications
992:World Wide Web Consortium
565:Rich Internet application
301:World Wide Web Consortium
24:
477:technical specifications
297:technical specification
94:; 15 months ago
69:September 26, 2006
1878:Accessible information
469:assistive technologies
418:assistive technologies
71:; 17 years ago
950:ARIA developer portal
276:/standards-guidelines
239:Assistive technology
793:"WAI-ARIA Overview"
342:The 5 Rules of ARIA
21:
1883:Ajax (programming)
1848:Steering Committee
1728:Device Description
1706:Web Advertising BG
539:Rich Schwerdtfeger
517:reusable component
481:W3C recommendation
396:. WAI-ARIA allows
89:W3C Recommendation
42:W3C Recommendation
1865:
1864:
1830:
1829:
1748:
1747:
1612:
1611:
691:"5 Rules of ARIA"
555:Web accessibility
486:WAI-ARIA Overview
311:, in particular,
299:published by the
286:
285:
254:Web accessibility
92:June 6, 2023
1895:
1854:First conference
1823:
1815:
1807:
1799:
1791:
1757:
1621:
1604:XHTML+MathML+SVG
1023:Activity Streams
1006:
985:
978:
971:
962:
927:
926:
924:
923:
907:
901:
900:
898:
897:
885:
879:
878:
876:
875:
864:
855:
853:
851:
850:
835:
829:
828:
826:
825:
810:
804:
803:
801:
800:
788:
777:
776:
774:
773:
759:
753:
752:
750:
749:
735:
729:
728:
726:
725:
711:
705:
704:
702:
701:
687:
681:
680:
678:
677:
663:
657:
656:
654:
653:
639:
633:
632:
630:
629:
615:
609:
608:
606:
605:
591:
570:Universal design
442:markup languages
435:as a navigation
410:web applications
406:static documents
282:
279:
277:
275:
273:
271:
269:
220:
218:
209:
207:
198:
196:
158:
117:
102:
100:
95:
79:
77:
72:
61:
59:
54:
22:
1903:
1902:
1898:
1897:
1896:
1894:
1893:
1892:
1868:
1867:
1866:
1861:
1826:
1821:
1813:
1805:
1797:
1789:
1773:
1744:
1716:
1694:
1658:
1632:
1608:
1587:
1546:
1520:
1504:
1470:SMIL Timesheets
1426:
1390:
1295:Information Set
1080:Geolocation API
1010:Recommendations
1001:
995:
989:
936:
931:
930:
921:
919:
909:
908:
904:
895:
893:
887:
886:
882:
873:
871:
866:
865:
858:
848:
846:
837:
836:
832:
823:
821:
812:
811:
807:
798:
796:
790:
789:
780:
771:
769:
761:
760:
756:
747:
745:
737:
736:
732:
723:
721:
713:
712:
708:
699:
697:
689:
688:
684:
675:
673:
667:"ARIA and HTML"
665:
664:
660:
651:
649:
641:
640:
636:
627:
625:
617:
616:
612:
603:
601:
593:
592:
588:
583:
547:
519:libraries, and
450:
404:rather than as
394:pointing device
366:
344:
313:dynamic content
266:
258:
227:
226:
216:
214:
205:
203:
194:
192:
186:
185:
178:Carolyn MacLeod
169:Joanmarie Diggs
148:
98:
96:
93:
91:
75:
73:
70:
66:First published
57:
55:
52:
17:
12:
11:
5:
1901:
1899:
1891:
1890:
1885:
1880:
1870:
1869:
1863:
1862:
1860:
1859:
1858:
1857:
1856:("WWW1", 1994)
1851:
1838:
1836:
1832:
1831:
1828:
1827:
1825:
1824:
1816:
1808:
1800:
1792:
1783:
1781:
1775:
1774:
1772:
1771:
1766:
1760:
1754:
1750:
1749:
1746:
1745:
1743:
1742:
1736:
1731:
1724:
1722:
1718:
1717:
1715:
1714:
1708:
1702:
1700:
1696:
1695:
1693:
1692:
1687:
1682:
1677:
1672:
1666:
1664:
1663:Working groups
1660:
1659:
1657:
1656:
1651:
1646:
1640:
1638:
1637:Elected groups
1634:
1633:
1631:
1630:
1624:
1618:
1614:
1613:
1610:
1609:
1607:
1606:
1601:
1595:
1593:
1589:
1588:
1586:
1585:
1580:
1575:
1570:
1565:
1560:
1554:
1552:
1548:
1547:
1545:
1544:
1542:Web Components
1539:
1534:
1528:
1526:
1522:
1521:
1519:
1518:
1512:
1510:
1506:
1505:
1503:
1502:
1500:XMLHttpRequest
1497:
1492:
1487:
1482:
1477:
1472:
1467:
1462:
1457:
1452:
1447:
1442:
1436:
1434:
1432:Working drafts
1428:
1427:
1425:
1424:
1419:
1414:
1409:
1404:
1398:
1396:
1392:
1391:
1389:
1388:
1387:
1386:
1385:
1384:
1374:
1369:
1364:
1359:
1354:
1349:
1348:
1347:
1342:
1332:
1327:
1322:
1317:
1312:
1307:
1302:
1297:
1292:
1287:
1282:
1272:
1271:
1270:
1260:
1255:
1250:
1245:
1240:
1235:
1234:
1233:
1223:
1218:
1213:
1208:
1203:
1198:
1193:
1192:
1191:
1189:Filter Effects
1181:
1176:
1171:
1166:
1161:
1156:
1151:
1146:
1145:
1144:
1134:
1129:
1124:
1119:
1114:
1109:
1104:
1099:
1094:
1093:
1092:
1082:
1077:
1072:
1067:
1062:
1061:
1060:
1055:
1050:
1040:
1035:
1030:
1025:
1020:
1014:
1012:
1003:
997:
996:
990:
988:
987:
980:
973:
965:
959:
958:
953:
947:
942:
935:
934:External links
932:
929:
928:
902:
880:
856:
830:
805:
778:
754:
730:
706:
682:
658:
634:
610:
585:
584:
582:
579:
578:
577:
572:
567:
562:
557:
546:
543:
531:
530:
527:
524:
493:
490:
487:
484:
461:
449:
446:
365:
362:
361:
360:
357:
354:
351:
348:
343:
340:
317:user interface
284:
283:
264:
260:
259:
257:
256:
251:
246:
241:
235:
233:
229:
228:
225:
224:
223:
222:
211:
200:
184:Former editors
183:
182:
181:
180:
179:
176:
175:Michael Cooper
173:
170:
166:
164:
160:
159:
154:
150:
149:
147:
146:
143:
138:
133:
128:
123:
118:
110:
108:
104:
103:
87:WAI-ARIA 1.2:
85:
84:Latest version
81:
80:
67:
63:
62:
49:
45:
44:
39:
35:
34:
31:
27:
26:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1900:
1889:
1886:
1884:
1881:
1879:
1876:
1875:
1873:
1855:
1852:
1849:
1846:
1845:
1843:
1840:
1839:
1837:
1833:
1820:
1817:
1812:
1809:
1804:
1801:
1796:
1793:
1788:
1785:
1784:
1782:
1780:
1776:
1770:
1767:
1765:
1762:
1761:
1758:
1755:
1751:
1740:
1737:
1735:
1732:
1729:
1726:
1725:
1723:
1721:Closed groups
1719:
1712:
1709:
1707:
1704:
1703:
1701:
1697:
1691:
1688:
1686:
1683:
1681:
1678:
1676:
1673:
1671:
1668:
1667:
1665:
1661:
1655:
1652:
1650:
1647:
1645:
1642:
1641:
1639:
1635:
1629:
1626:
1625:
1622:
1619:
1617:Organizations
1615:
1605:
1602:
1600:
1597:
1596:
1594:
1590:
1584:
1581:
1579:
1576:
1574:
1571:
1569:
1566:
1564:
1561:
1559:
1556:
1555:
1553:
1549:
1543:
1540:
1538:
1535:
1533:
1530:
1529:
1527:
1523:
1517:
1514:
1513:
1511:
1507:
1501:
1498:
1496:
1493:
1491:
1488:
1486:
1483:
1481:
1478:
1476:
1473:
1471:
1468:
1466:
1463:
1461:
1458:
1456:
1453:
1451:
1448:
1446:
1443:
1441:
1438:
1437:
1435:
1433:
1429:
1423:
1420:
1418:
1415:
1413:
1410:
1408:
1405:
1403:
1400:
1399:
1397:
1393:
1383:
1380:
1379:
1378:
1375:
1373:
1370:
1368:
1365:
1363:
1360:
1358:
1355:
1353:
1350:
1346:
1343:
1341:
1338:
1337:
1336:
1333:
1331:
1328:
1326:
1323:
1321:
1318:
1316:
1313:
1311:
1308:
1306:
1303:
1301:
1298:
1296:
1293:
1291:
1288:
1286:
1283:
1281:
1278:
1277:
1276:
1273:
1269:
1266:
1265:
1264:
1261:
1259:
1256:
1254:
1251:
1249:
1246:
1244:
1241:
1239:
1236:
1232:
1229:
1228:
1227:
1224:
1222:
1219:
1217:
1214:
1212:
1209:
1207:
1204:
1202:
1199:
1197:
1194:
1190:
1187:
1186:
1185:
1182:
1180:
1177:
1175:
1172:
1170:
1167:
1165:
1162:
1160:
1157:
1155:
1152:
1150:
1147:
1143:
1140:
1139:
1138:
1135:
1133:
1130:
1128:
1125:
1123:
1120:
1118:
1115:
1113:
1110:
1108:
1105:
1103:
1100:
1098:
1095:
1091:
1088:
1087:
1086:
1083:
1081:
1078:
1076:
1073:
1071:
1068:
1066:
1063:
1059:
1056:
1054:
1051:
1049:
1046:
1045:
1044:
1041:
1039:
1036:
1034:
1033:Canonical XML
1031:
1029:
1026:
1024:
1021:
1019:
1016:
1015:
1013:
1011:
1007:
1004:
998:
993:
986:
981:
979:
974:
972:
967:
966:
963:
957:
954:
951:
948:
946:
943:
941:
938:
937:
933:
917:
913:
906:
903:
891:
884:
881:
869:
863:
861:
857:
845:
841:
834:
831:
820:
816:
809:
806:
794:
787:
785:
783:
779:
768:
764:
758:
755:
744:
740:
734:
731:
720:
719:www.deque.com
716:
710:
707:
696:
695:DEV Community
692:
686:
683:
672:
668:
662:
659:
648:
644:
638:
635:
624:
620:
614:
611:
600:
596:
590:
587:
580:
576:
573:
571:
568:
566:
563:
561:
558:
556:
552:
551:Accessibility
549:
548:
544:
542:
540:
536:
528:
525:
522:
518:
514:
510:
506:
505:drag-and-drop
502:
498:
494:
491:
488:
485:
482:
478:
474:
470:
466:
462:
459:
458:
457:
455:
447:
445:
443:
438:
434:
430:
426:
421:
419:
415:
411:
407:
403:
399:
395:
391:
387:
386:screen reader
384:, especially
383:
379:
375:
371:
363:
358:
355:
352:
349:
346:
345:
341:
339:
337:
332:
330:
326:
322:
318:
314:
310:
306:
305:accessibility
302:
298:
294:
290:
281:
265:
261:
255:
252:
250:
249:Semantic HTML
247:
245:
242:
240:
237:
236:
234:
230:
212:
201:
190:
189:
188:
177:
174:
172:James Nurthen
171:
168:
167:
165:
161:
155:
151:
144:
142:
139:
137:
134:
132:
129:
127:
124:
122:
119:
116:
112:
111:
109:
105:
90:
86:
82:
68:
64:
50:
46:
43:
40:
36:
32:
28:
23:
1027:
1000:Products and
920:. Retrieved
915:
905:
894:. Retrieved
883:
872:. Retrieved
847:. Retrieved
843:
833:
822:. Retrieved
818:
808:
797:. Retrieved
770:. Retrieved
766:
763:"Using ARIA"
757:
746:. Retrieved
742:
733:
722:. Retrieved
718:
709:
698:. Retrieved
694:
685:
674:. Retrieved
670:
661:
650:. Retrieved
646:
637:
626:. Retrieved
622:
613:
602:. Retrieved
598:
589:
532:
513:dialog boxes
503:properties,
471:, and other
465:Web browsers
451:
422:
414:web browsers
402:applications
382:disabilities
367:
333:
292:
288:
287:
107:Organization
48:Year started
30:Abbreviation
1835:Conferences
1711:WebAssembly
1680:WebAssembly
1583:WebPlatform
1238:Web storage
1221:WebAssembly
1018:ActivityPub
715:"StackPath"
535:Lisa Seeman
473:user agents
370:client-side
1872:Categories
1764:CERN httpd
1551:Deprecated
1525:Initiative
1509:Guidelines
1417:XHTML+SMIL
1285:Encryption
1248:Webmention
1211:Timed text
1048:Animations
922:2012-12-06
896:2021-04-09
874:2014-04-11
849:2021-04-21
824:2021-04-21
799:2021-04-21
772:2023-05-09
767:www.w3.org
748:2023-05-09
743:webaim.org
724:2023-05-09
700:2023-05-09
676:2023-05-09
652:2023-05-09
647:www.w3.org
628:2023-05-09
623:www.w3.org
604:2023-05-09
599:www.w3.org
581:References
427:and other
374:web server
329:JavaScript
141:Knowbility
99:2023-06-06
76:2006-09-26
1814:(1994β97)
1806:(1994β97)
1798:(1993β98)
1787:Line Mode
1592:Obsoleted
1402:IndieAuth
1310:Signature
1300:Namespace
1097:IndexedDB
1075:EmotionML
1002:standards
507:support,
448:Documents
425:semantics
398:web pages
392:or other
309:web pages
153:Committee
1779:Browsers
1753:Software
1685:WebAuthn
1382:elements
1352:XPointer
1320:XInclude
1216:VoiceXML
1122:Micropub
870:. W3.org
545:See also
429:metadata
293:WAI-ARIA
145:Spec-Ops
33:WAI-ARIA
20:WAI-ARIA
1888:Web 2.0
1850:(IW3C2)
1844:(IW3C)
1790:(1990β)
1495:XFrames
1107:JSON-LD
1053:Flexbox
671:web.dev
521:testing
497:widgets
295:) is a
263:Website
217:2016-05
215: (
206:2017-10
204: (
193: (
163:Editors
157:ARIA WG
97: (
74: (
56: (
1769:Libwww
1730:(DDWG)
1690:WHATWG
1558:C-HTML
1480:WebGPU
1372:XSL-FO
1362:XQuery
1315:XForms
1305:Schema
1290:Events
1253:WebSub
1206:SPARQL
1142:Schema
1117:MathML
315:, and
232:Domain
136:Igalia
38:Status
1819:Amaya
1803:Agora
1795:Arena
1741:(MMI)
1649:Board
1485:WebXR
1455:InkML
1445:CURIE
1440:CCXML
1407:XAdES
1395:Notes
1357:XProc
1335:XPath
1325:XLink
1268:+RDFa
1263:XHTML
1201:SHACL
1196:SCXML
1090:HTML5
994:(W3C)
509:alert
433:links
390:mouse
364:Scope
278:/aria
126:Apple
121:Adobe
1811:Argo
1734:HTML
1573:PGML
1568:JSSS
1563:HDML
1490:XFDL
1475:sXBL
1377:XSLT
1280:Base
1258:WOFF
1243:WSDL
1179:SSML
1169:SRGS
1164:SOAP
1159:SMIL
1154:SKOS
1149:SISR
1085:HTML
1058:Grid
1028:ARIA
560:Ajax
553:and
511:and
501:form
452:The
437:menu
325:HTML
321:Ajax
274:/WAI
272:.org
195:2018
58:2006
51:2006
1675:SVG
1670:CSS
1654:TAG
1599:P3P
1578:VML
1465:RIF
1460:MSE
1450:EME
1422:XUP
1412:XBL
1367:XSL
1345:3.x
1340:2.0
1330:XOP
1275:XML
1226:WoT
1184:SVG
1174:SRI
1137:RDF
1132:PLS
1127:OWL
1102:ITS
1070:EXI
1065:DOM
1043:CSS
1038:CDF
916:W3C
844:W3C
819:W3C
336:SVG
307:of
270:.w3
268:www
131:IBM
115:W3C
1874::
1713:CG
1644:AB
1231:TD
914:.
859:^
842:.
817:.
781:^
765:.
741:.
717:.
693:.
669:.
645:.
621:.
597:.
537:,
515:,
467:,
416:,
412:,
327:,
323:,
984:e
977:t
970:v
925:.
899:.
877:.
854:.
852:.
827:.
802:.
775:.
751:.
727:.
703:.
679:.
655:.
631:.
607:.
523:.
483:.
291:(
280:/
221:)
219:)
210:)
208:)
199:)
197:)
101:)
78:)
60:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.