970:. It is said that the Waugal's resting place is a cave in the deep, still water. Python Bridge crosses Bennett Brook approximately 200 metres from its confluence with the Swan River and it is believed to be the home of an evil and dangerous spirit. Some Aboriginal families have said that camping areas existed from the Southern boundaries of this site to Bennett Swamp in pre-contact times. There is a tradition of digging wells for freshwater supplies in the western bank of Bennett Brook and a traditional fish trap supplied food for these camps. Benara Road is the southern boundary to this Aboriginal site. From the 1930s to 1960s, Aboriginal camps spread across Lord Street into the area that is now a housing estate. It is reported that burials have taken place between Benara Road and Widgee Road, however their exact location is not known.
630:, one of a whole series of wetlands which may have, within the memory of Aboriginal people here, been a series of caves along an underground river whose roof fell in. This reserve was re-established in 1975. In addition to the "feeding station" at Mount Eliza, under the control of Francis Armstrong, first "Protector of Aborigines". Hutt also tried to establish an Aboriginal yeomanry by giving Aboriginal "settlers" grants of government land. The lands chosen for this venture were marginal and Aboriginal people were expected to make improvements without giving them access to needed bank finance, so the scheme quickly collapsed. Aboriginal campsites were temporarily established at many metropolitan locations including
1029:, southwest of King Road and west of the Forrestfield and Kewdale Railway Yards. Munday Swamp was an area of ancient Aboriginal usage and had been used as a turtle-fishing ground in pre-contact times. The Melaleuca shrub offered shade and coolness to the turtle fishermen, who were known to camp there on occasions. These days, Munday Swamp lies on private property beside the Perth Airport's perimeter fence.
1073:. Eventually in the late 1950s, aboriginals from camps in Bassendean and Eden Hill accepted the site because, harassed by a policy of keeping native people out of the Perth area and often left homeless, the government offered to house them on the site and guarantee some freedom from continual police harassment. By February 1958 some 29 families, constituted by 220 people, had settled there.
856:, these factors led to a collapsing population in those areas nearby European settlement. In addition to white killings and massacres in Fremantle and elsewhere, the arrival of Europeans saw many deaths from diseases to which Aboriginal people had no resistance. These were interpreted as sorcery within traditional culture and led to "pay-back"
33:
555:
increased violence on both sides. The first attempted
Aboriginal massacre was the "Battle for Perth" when there was an attempt to surround and capture Aboriginal people who had retreated into Lake Monger. The area was cordoned, but the hunted people escaped. Once Lake Monger was settled by the Monger family, Yellagonga moved to
554:
With the alienation from their lands due to settlers claiming land and fencing it off, Aboriginal people lost access to important seasonal foods, they did not understand or accept private ownership of their lands, which led to spearing of stock and digging in food gardens. Reprisals led to a cycle of
653:
In 1893 the granting of self-government to
Western Australia, specifically excluded provision for Aboriginal Affairs, which remained vested in the British crown. The state's constitution also stated that 1% of government expenditures had to be for the benefit of Aboriginal people, a condition that
578:
was even more precarious. Violence flared when it was said 200 "savages" were going to attack the ferry from
Fremantle, and citizens armed themselves and rushed to the site to find nothing but a bemused ferryman. A Tasmanian settler shot one of the local Aboriginal men and Yagan, Midgegooroo's son
613:
Relations between the settlers and the
Noongar people had deteriorated badly in the final years of Stirling's reign, with settlers shooting at Aboriginal people indiscriminately for the spearing of stock, leading to payback killings of settlers. Stirling's response was to attempt to subdue the
1068:
has long been associated with "campies", as
Aboriginals called themselves. It was gazetted as an aboriginal reserve in 1911, and repeated efforts were made to shift indigenous people into there, despite their refusal to stay on the site, preferring their traditional campsites around
614:
Aboriginal people through harsh punishment. When
Stirling retired he was replaced as Governor by John Hutt, 1 January 1839, who rather than adopting Stirling's vindictive vengeful policies against "Aborigines", tried protecting their rights and educating them. This ran foul of
591:. Yagan escaped from the island in a boat, and waged a guerrilla campaign on both sides of the river. He was eventually killed by one of two European boys he had befriended and his head was smoked and sent to England, finally being recovered and returned home by
990:
In 1941 a group of Swan Valley
Noongar women purchased 20 acres (8 ha) of bushland bounded by Gallagher Street and Mary Crescent, Eden Hill. The local council refused their requests for water and applications to build housing so they camped in
815:– a term referring to spirits of the dead – by the Whadjuk. This belief incorporated Europeans into the social structure of the Noongar peoples and was reinforced by several factors. To the Whadjuk, the settlers resembled dead people because they:
318:
Like other
Noongar peoples, the Whadjuk seem to have moved more inland in the wetter weather of winter, returning to the coast as interior seasonal lakes dried up. The Whadjuk, like many Noongar people, divided the year into six seasons.
662:
and of youth in detention in
Western Australia. Many are imprisoned for the non-payment of fines incurred for minor offences. The number of Noongar youth in incarceration exceeds the number in school or formal training.
1718:
798:
took great efforts to learn the
Whadjuk tongue, and was recognised by the Yellagonga's Whadjuk group as being the returned dead son of an Aboriginal woman, before going on to a distinguished political career in
851:
associated with European infections, and believed that Aboriginal sorcery was involved, leading to rising numbers of reprisal spearing and killings within the Aboriginal community. Coupled with the declining
2120:
658:
unilaterally took control in Aboriginal Affairs, without an amendment to the constitution in 1896. As of 2016, Aboriginal people number 3% of the state's population, but number 50% of the women in
880:, marked the place where coastal and inland Noongar people met for trade and ritual purposes. It was a focal point for trading in red ochre. Male initiations also took place there. Close by was
1504:
1510:
789:
942:("the place where women dig yams") had a number of Aboriginal camp sites, well into the 20th century. Orchestra Shell Cave in Wanneroo had Aboriginal paintings on the roof and walls.
1457:
Collard, L.; Revell, G.; Palmer, D.; Leonard, L. (1999). Noongar Placenames associated with the Goordandalup (Crawley bay) area of the Gabee Derbalor Derbal Yaragan Beloo (Swan River).
456:: from September to October, was "the flowering" at the height of the wildflower season. This time saw rain decreasing. Families moved towards the coast where frogs, tortoises,
2841:
2113:
2056:
995:, bush breaks and tin camps and relied on water dug from their own wells. In the 1950s the area was resumed by the State Housing Commission for the creation of the suburb of
673:
and Joobaitj, who had preserved in oral tradition the Aboriginal viewpoints of the coming of the Europeans. Fanny had been born on the Aboriginal sacred site that underlies
782:
took early efforts to befriend Aboriginal people (being known to them as "Pranji Djanga"), but later in life became very authoritarian and bitter in his dealings with them.
488:
in ceremonies, which they obtained from the site now occupied by Perth Railway Station and which they traded with people to the east. By repute it was traded as far as
2866:
2106:
1919:
1053:
hosted a large Aboriginal camping site. Gnangara contained the Aboriginal Community College (K-12), founded in 1979 and closed in 2008. It was one of two independent
642:
and Allawah Grove. These sites however were frequently moved at the discretion of European authorities once an alternative use was found for the land (as happened at
2861:
440:: from July to August, was "the cold-wet" saw Noongar groups moving to the drier soils of the Guildford and Canning-Kelmscott areas, where roots were collected and
2836:
1694:
1910:
1726:
2846:
2129:
1354:
468:
These seasons were roughly divided (rather than by specific date) and Whadjuk took account of environmental signals such as the spring call of the
400:
bulbs, and other seeds were collected for food. Zamia palm nuts are naturally highly poisonous but they are edible after being leached with water.
2856:
571:. With the lands seized for settlement in 1843, Yellagonga was reduced to begging for survival, and shortly thereafter he accidentally drowned.
328:: November to December, was the "fruiting", characterised by the onset of hot, easterly winds which blow during the day. Noongar people used to
894:
was an Aboriginal camping site until the 1920s. When it was closed the land was used for market gardening, and the Aboriginal groups moved to
2011:
The Australian race: its origin, languages, customs, place of landing in Australia and the routes by which it spread itself over the continent
1829:
The Australian race: its origin, languages, customs, place of landing in Australia and the routes by which it spread itself over the continent
388:: March to April, was "first rains-first dew", with the weather becoming cooler with winds from the south west. Fishing continued (often with
2851:
2084:
1872:
1864:
1849:
1083:
was often used as a camping spot by Aboriginal people. The Aboriginal Advancement Council established its headquarters there in the 1940s.
520:
2068:
1467:
1047:
hosts one of the largest known Aboriginal campsites near Perth, used by regional tribes for more than 60,000 years, now a National Park.
913:
1955:
1770:"A Trans-Generational Effect of The Aborigines Act 1905 (WA): The Making of the Fringedwellers in the South-West of Western Australia"
610:. An Anglican school was established for a number of years at Ellenbrook, but was never very successful and was greatly underfunded.
1400:
1387:
704:. Their country lay south west of Perth, between the Canning River and Swan River. At the beginning of white settlement were led by
678:
547:. As Aboriginal women had been earlier seized by European seal hunters, Yellagonga subsequently moved his encampment to what is now
524:
508:
The Whadjuk people bore the brunt of the European colonisation, as the cities of Perth and Fremantle were built in their territory.
473:
584:
1015:
674:
540:
102:
1080:
977:
779:
607:
603:
548:
544:
98:
1035:
has been used by Aboriginal people from Bayswater and Bassendean areas as a fishing area from the 1920s until recent times.
1003:
906:
631:
329:
1070:
1011:
996:
735:
731:
639:
283:
held to be responsible for most of the water features around Perth. This may have been a cultural memory of an extinct
106:
1999:
1817:
602:, Whadjuk Aboriginal people became totally dispirited, and were reduced to dependent status, settling at their site at
2893:
1698:
957:
929:
895:
888:(birthing stone) there was pushed into the river by European settlers to try to prevent Aborigines accessing the site.
666:
635:
564:
368:. To maximise the effects of these cooling breezes, the Noongars moved to coastal estuaries and reefs where fish and
130:
114:
792:
of the Noongar language, and later came to serve as magistrate in legal cases in which Whadjuk people were involved.
2357:
536:
377:
122:
2006:
1824:
659:
2262:
118:
2049:
984:'s central lakes to avoid the salty lakes closer to the coast. 16 Aboriginal campsites have been found in the
2073:
Aboriginal Tribes of Australia: Their Terrain, Environmental Controls, Distribution, Limits, and Proper Names
2457:
2023:
1022:
government. SVNC are amongst the leaders of the 2015-2016 Aboriginal Refugee community on Heirisson Island.
966:
is significant to Aboriginal people, as it is believed that it was formed by the creative activities of the
753:
The Upper Swan or "mountain people", whose proper name is unknown. Early settlers believed they were led by
445:
307:
126:
1714:
2814:
1782:
1054:
973:
233:
1949:
669:
claimed she interviewed the last fully initiated Whadjuk Noongar people in 1907, reporting on informants
1945:
1242:
785:
622:, who felt they needed strong-arm tactics to protect themselves from Aboriginal "reprisals". In 1887 an
417:
52:
464:
were caught. Birds returning from their Northern Hemisphere migration also formed a part of their diet.
360:: January to February, was the "hot-dry", characterised by hot dry easterly conditions with afternoon
2809:
2447:
2382:
1737:
1430:
348:
grazing. This was the season of harvesting wattle seeds which were pounded into flour and stored as
288:
932:, until the site became garbage dump for the city of Perth, before finally becoming the site of the
492:. Prior to the colonisation it was used to colour hair, which was worn long (in a style similar to
2778:
1951:
A Descriptive Vocabulary of the Language in Common Use Amongst the Aboriginals of Western Australia
1041:
was a frequently used camping ground as the presence of Aboriginal artefacts from the area attests.
884:(frog camp), so-called because of the abundance of frogs, an important part of the local diet. The
840:
643:
1032:
835:
were not affected by infectious diseases to which most Aboriginal people had no genetic resistance
2542:
2387:
1790:
1076:
623:
512:
64:
1898:
Fire and Hearth: Aboriginal Usage and European Usurpation in the South West of Western Australia
2090:
1018:
closed the settlement in 2003 by act of Parliament. The buildings were later bulldozed by the
2819:
2133:
2080:
1966:
1958:
1928:
1868:
1845:
1813:
1396:
769:
599:
461:
56:
97:'s estimate, takes in some 6,700 square kilometres (2,600 sq mi) of land, from the
2888:
2035:
2014:
1990:
1982:
1886:
1832:
1799:
1769:
1747:
1440:
985:
921:
762:
365:
180:
826:
were pale in complexion – which was seen by the Whadjuk as the pallor of people after death
157:
language group, with their own distinctive dialect. Culturally they were divided into two
2603:
2557:
2552:
2402:
2098:
1974:
1065:
933:
832:
smelled bad and often had rotten teeth, reflecting early 19th century standards of hygiene
800:
588:
528:
337:
299:
212:
1888:
Journals of Two Expeditions of Discovery in the North West and Western Australia, 1837-38
424:
once rains had replenished inland water resources. This was the season of mid-latitude
2643:
2593:
2377:
2342:
2322:
2292:
2064:
727:
556:
469:
421:
295:
101:, together with its eastern and northern tributaries. Its hinterland extension runs to
94:
928:("Leg deep") afforded a passage for crossing the Swan River. They were later moved to
2882:
2698:
2442:
2247:
1161:
1061:
1026:
1019:
963:
773:
690:
647:
627:
580:
579:
and Yellagonga's nephew, speared a white in revenge. Yagan was arrested and sent to
413:
110:
1395:(2nd ed.). East Perth, Western Australia: Noongar Language and Culture Centre.
2653:
2613:
2472:
2432:
2392:
2367:
2197:
2157:
873:
723:
694:
670:
655:
472:, in marking seasons. For example, the onset of Kambarang, or the flowering of the
412:: from May to June, was "the wet", and Noongars moved inland from the coast to the
401:
1289:
772:
befriended the Aboriginal resistance fighter Yagan, when the latter was exiled to
232:, and children took the moiety of their mother. Each moiety also contained two "
2633:
2628:
2583:
2452:
2427:
2412:
2362:
2337:
2257:
2212:
1882:
943:
891:
804:
795:
719:
705:
592:
575:
568:
373:
341:
284:
158:
1741:
1434:
761:
Several Europeans in particular contributed to modern understanding of Whadjuk
2788:
2763:
2713:
2668:
2638:
2517:
2482:
2372:
2332:
2297:
2227:
2217:
2177:
1038:
917:
853:
848:
747:
532:
493:
429:
425:
393:
389:
361:
349:
303:
280:
229:
138:
129:
and a little beyond. Its southern coastal frontier extends to the vicinity of
1355:"The ancient practice of Macrozamia pit processing in southwestern Australia"
2783:
2678:
2623:
2618:
2598:
2578:
2507:
2462:
2437:
2417:
2317:
2302:
2287:
2237:
2232:
2202:
2076:
1751:
1444:
953:
947:
497:
485:
345:
333:
142:
1978:
1970:
1804:
956:
was a camping site for Aboriginal people at the turn of the 20th century.
287:
python-like serpent, a water dwelling ambush predator, part of the extinct
2748:
2738:
2728:
2723:
2688:
2573:
2568:
2562:
2497:
2477:
2327:
2272:
2242:
2182:
2172:
2162:
1050:
1044:
939:
615:
560:
76:
1986:
1697:. Association of Independent Schools (AICS Support Unit). Archived from
860:, which increased mortality of those in closest contact with Europeans.
2758:
2743:
2733:
2718:
2703:
2658:
2588:
2547:
2532:
2502:
2487:
2407:
2352:
2347:
2282:
2277:
2267:
2222:
2207:
1157:
1007:
992:
899:
619:
527:, a long-boat under the command of Captain (later Lieutenant Governor)
516:
369:
194:
161:
154:
48:
677:, while Joobaitj's sacred lands were near the current youth hostel at
17:
2773:
2768:
2693:
2683:
2673:
2663:
2648:
2537:
2527:
2522:
2512:
2492:
2467:
2422:
2397:
2312:
2252:
2192:
2187:
2167:
2147:
2040:
1907:
Aboriginal Resource Usage along the Swan River (Swan River Symposium)
1842:
Broken Spears: Aborigines and Europeans in the Southwest of Australia
967:
829:
often changed their clothing and, therefore, their general appearance
457:
397:
1025:
Munday Swamp is located against the northeastern perimeter fence of
511:
No doubt Whadjuk people had been familiar with Dutch explorers like
32:
960:
conducted most of her interviews with Perth Aboriginal people here.
2753:
2608:
2307:
2152:
2013:. Vol. 1. Melbourne: J. Ferres. pp. 340–341 – via
1831:. Vol. 1. Melbourne: J. Ferres. pp. 336–340 – via
981:
754:
742:
709:
519:
to the coast, before the arrival of settlers under the command of
489:
276:
60:
1861:
Far from Home: Aboriginal Prisoners of Rottnest Island, 1838-1931
1220:
This equates with other words in the Noongar dialect continuum –
2793:
1962:
1129:
905:
People from the site of Jolimont later moved to the site of the
857:
302:
from the mainland, which occurred between 12,000 and 8,000
134:
2102:
1524:
1522:
1520:
441:
404:
were caught in large numbers with the opening rains of winter.
27:
Noongar people of the Swan Coastal Plain in Western Australia
847:
has shown how Aboriginal culture could not explain the high
1783:"Allawah Grove Native Settlement: Housing and assimilation"
2024:"Where Fanny Balbuk Walked: Re-imagining Perth's Wetlands"
2022:
Ryan, John C.; Brady, Danielle; Kueh, Christopher (2015).
909:
Rifle Range, later resumed by the Australian Army in 1913.
1938:
Western Australia — An atlas of human endeavour 1829-1979
819:
came from the west, the direction of the setting sun and
1900:. Canberra: Australian Institute for Aboriginal Studies.
1639:
912:
There was also a small Aboriginal camping site near the
336:
to force animals into the open to hunt, and to open the
496:). Quartz from the Darling Scarp was also traded with
1940:. Western Australian Government by Government Printer.
1611:
1609:
626:
for the remaining Whadjuk people was established near
291:
that disappeared between 40,000 and 20,000 years ago.
722:
to the Canning River and bordered in the east by the
372:
constituted a large proportion of the seasonal diet.
618:
settlers intent on seizing Aboriginal lands without
93:
The traditional tribal territory of the Whadjuk, in
2802:
2140:
2057:
Department of Aboriginal Affairs, Western Australia
1324:
1322:
1921:Indigenous history of the Swan and Canning rivers
730:. During winters they camped in the hills around
689:The Whadjuk people were divided by the Swan and
1353:Macintyre, Ken; Dobson, Barb (25 August 2023).
275:The Whadjuk also preserved many stories of the
1576:
1528:
924:. The shallows off Heirisson Island, known as
750:, they lived north and west of the Swan River.
738:, and moved back towards the rivers in spring.
2114:
1727:"Broadway Arboretum Discovery Tour Park Pack"
1588:
451:
435:
407:
383:
355:
340:and allow the few November rains to increase
323:
267:
261:
255:
249:
243:
237:
220:
206:
200:
188:
174:
168:
80:
8:
1774:Murdoch University Electronic Journal of Law
1381:
1379:
1377:
1375:
364:, known locally in Western Australia as the
2121:
2107:
2099:
1627:
1468:"Heritage Council of WA - Places Database"
2039:
1803:
1540:
718:. The area south of the Swan River, from
1425:
1423:
1421:
1419:
1060:Allawah Grove on the north-west edge of
811:European settlers were initially called
31:
1677:
1664:
1651:
1615:
1264:
1257:
1229:
1213:
1014:. In controversial circumstances, the
1732:. Bassendean Preservation Group. 2009.
1600:
1491:
1340:
1241:The early British settler and diarist
823:, the land of the dead for the Whadjuk
1865:University of Western Australia Press
1715:"AIATSIS map of Indigenous Australia"
1564:
1328:
1313:
1276:
864:Aboriginal camping sites around Perth
7:
2077:Australian National University Press
1859:Green, Neville; Moon, Susan (1997).
1552:
872:, now built over by the present day
606:for handouts under the authority of
133:. Their northern neighbours are the
1844:. Perth: Focus Education Services.
1245:wrote an account of this tradition.
914:Australian Broadcasting Corporation
876:, together with the nearby site of
236:" (or "skins"): in the case of the
1746:. Project Gutenberg of Australia.
1439:. Project Gutenberg of Australia.
539:, on the coast of what is now the
141:people lay to their east, and the
25:
1057:schools in the metropolitan area.
646:, the Swanbourne Rifle Range and
500:groups for the making of spears.
474:Western Australian Christmas tree
294:Coastal dwelling Whadjuk have an
145:on their southern coastal flank.
105:and a little beyond. It includes
654:has never been met. The Premier
125:and reaches eastwards as far as
121:to the north, the area south of
1359:www.anthropologyfromtheshed.com
1016:Government of Western Australia
1006:was an Aboriginal community of
788:rapidly came to understand the
697:, each with its own territory:
541:University of Western Australia
380:also formed a part of the diet.
197:; meaning 'stock, family, leg')
153:The Whadjuk formed part of the
1918:Hughes-Hallett, Debra (2010).
1695:"Aboriginal Community College"
946:met Aboriginal people at Lake
515:, and the occasional visit of
1:
1891:. Perth, WA: Hesperian Press.
1743:The Passing of the Aborigines
1436:The Passing of the Aborigines
1122:(bank of Swan River at Perth)
1004:Swan Valley Nyungah Community
476:showing the onset of Bunuru.
306:, technically a post-glacial
298:describing the separation of
85:, the Whadjuk word for "no".
1998:Parker, Edward Reed (1886).
1814:Goldsworthy, Roger Tuckfield
1763:. Perth: Town of Bassendean.
1640:Aboriginal Community College
1012:Lockridge, Western Australia
531:was dispatched and met with
2050:"Tindale Tribal Boundaries"
1589:Ryan, Brady & Kueh 2015
1088:Alternative names/spellings
980:made their campsites along
523:. After a near disaster at
448:, and kangaroo were hunted.
2910:
2007:Curr, Edward Micklethwaite
1825:Curr, Edward Micklethwaite
950:when he returned to Perth.
484:Whadjuk used high quality
2828:
1896:Hallam, Sylvia J (1974).
1761:The History of Bassendean
344:of summer foodstuffs and
1936:Jarvis, NT, ed. (1979).
1781:Delmege, Sharon (2015).
1768:Delmege, Sharon (2005).
1508:, s 70 (repealed by the
2065:Tindale, Norman Barnett
1905:Hallam, Syvlia (1986).
1840:Green, Neville (1984).
1759:Carter, Jennie (1986).
1149:Wadjuk, Wadjug, Whajook
521:Governor James Stirling
452:
436:
408:
384:
356:
324:
308:Flandrian transgression
268:
262:
256:
250:
244:
238:
221:
207:
201:
189:
175:
169:
149:Culture and pre-history
81:
79:appears to derive from
36:Noongar language groups
2815:Forrest River massacre
1805:10.22459/AH.39.2015.04
1472:inherit.dplh.wa.gov.au
1118:(a toponym for Perth)/
796:Lieutenant George Grey
660:Bandyup Women's Prison
289:megafauna of Australia
37:
2833:By state or territory
1946:George Fletcher Moore
1541:Green & Moon 1997
1505:Constitution Act 1889
1243:George Fletcher Moore
1228:, all meaning "no". (
1160:for the flats of the
786:George Fletcher Moore
675:St George's Cathedral
587:who claimed he was a
563:area was explored by
117:. It encompasses the
53:Aboriginal Australian
35:
2810:Flying Foam massacre
2383:Mantjintjarra Ngalia
1956:Wm. S. Orr & Co.
1701:on 12 September 2009
1818:"The York District"
1740:(September 2004) .
1738:Daisy Bates, C.B.E.
1577:Hughes-Hallett 2010
1529:Hughes-Hallett 2010
1511:Aborigines Act 1905
1431:Daisy Bates, C.B.E.
644:Karrakatta Cemetery
332:mosaic sections of
2894:Swan Coastal Plain
2842:Northern Territory
2130:Aboriginal peoples
1791:Aboriginal History
1433:(September 2004).
1389:Noongar Dictionary
1386:Whitehurst, Rose.
1294:Kaartdijin Noongar
624:Aboriginal reserve
574:The situation for
535:and his family at
426:cold frontal rains
314:Seasonal divisions
217:Cacatua pastinator
65:Swan Coastal Plain
57:Western Australian
38:
2876:
2875:
2867:Western Australia
2820:Pinjarra massacre
2134:Western Australia
2093:on 20 March 2020.
2086:978-0-708-10741-6
2059:. September 2016.
1929:Curtin University
1874:978-1-875-56092-9
1851:978-0-959-18281-1
1654:, pp. 85–86.
1132:term composed of
1095:Caractterup tribe
974:Aboriginal people
780:Francis Armstrong
770:Robert Menli Lyon
693:Rivers into four
608:Francis Armstrong
600:Pinjarra massacre
567:, and in 1838 by
432:were also caught.
185:Corvus coronoides
63:bioregion of the
16:(Redirected from
2901:
2123:
2116:
2109:
2100:
2094:
2089:. Archived from
2060:
2054:
2045:
2043:
2041:10.5204/mcj.1038
2018:
2015:Internet Archive
2004:
1994:
1991:Internet Archive
1941:
1932:
1926:
1914:
1901:
1892:
1878:
1855:
1836:
1833:Internet Archive
1822:
1809:
1807:
1787:
1777:
1764:
1755:
1733:
1731:
1722:
1710:
1708:
1706:
1681:
1674:
1668:
1661:
1655:
1649:
1643:
1637:
1631:
1625:
1619:
1613:
1604:
1598:
1592:
1586:
1580:
1574:
1568:
1562:
1556:
1550:
1544:
1538:
1532:
1526:
1515:
1501:
1495:
1489:
1483:
1482:
1480:
1478:
1464:
1458:
1455:
1449:
1448:
1427:
1414:
1413:
1411:
1409:
1394:
1383:
1370:
1369:
1367:
1365:
1350:
1344:
1338:
1332:
1326:
1317:
1311:
1305:
1304:
1302:
1300:
1286:
1280:
1274:
1268:
1262:
1246:
1239:
1233:
1218:
986:City of Cockburn
922:Heirisson Island
763:Noongar language
695:residence groups
685:Social structure
559:. In 1834 this
455:
446:ringtail possums
439:
411:
387:
366:Fremantle doctor
359:
327:
271:
265:
259:
253:
247:
241:
224:
210:
204:
192:
181:Australian raven
178:
172:
84:
55:) people of the
43:, alternatively
21:
2909:
2908:
2904:
2903:
2902:
2900:
2899:
2898:
2879:
2878:
2877:
2872:
2871:
2852:South Australia
2837:New South Wales
2824:
2798:
2136:
2127:
2097:
2087:
2063:
2052:
2048:
2021:
2002:
1997:
1944:
1935:
1924:
1917:
1904:
1895:
1881:
1875:
1858:
1852:
1839:
1820:
1812:
1785:
1780:
1767:
1758:
1736:
1729:
1725:
1721:. 28 July 2023.
1713:
1704:
1702:
1693:
1689:
1684:
1675:
1671:
1662:
1658:
1650:
1646:
1638:
1634:
1628:Bassendean 2009
1626:
1622:
1614:
1607:
1599:
1595:
1587:
1583:
1575:
1571:
1563:
1559:
1551:
1547:
1539:
1535:
1527:
1518:
1502:
1498:
1490:
1486:
1476:
1474:
1466:
1465:
1461:
1456:
1452:
1429:
1428:
1417:
1407:
1405:
1403:
1392:
1385:
1384:
1373:
1363:
1361:
1352:
1351:
1347:
1339:
1335:
1327:
1320:
1312:
1308:
1298:
1296:
1288:
1287:
1283:
1275:
1271:
1263:
1259:
1255:
1250:
1249:
1240:
1236:
1219:
1215:
1210:
1189:
1182:
1107:(language name)
1090:
1066:South Guildford
934:Burswood Casino
866:
801:South Australia
790:Whadjuk dialect
687:
589:freedom fighter
583:in the care of
506:
504:Contact history
482:
316:
213:western corella
151:
119:Victoria Plains
91:
73:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
2907:
2905:
2897:
2896:
2891:
2881:
2880:
2874:
2873:
2870:
2869:
2864:
2859:
2854:
2849:
2844:
2839:
2834:
2830:
2829:
2826:
2825:
2823:
2822:
2817:
2812:
2806:
2804:
2800:
2799:
2797:
2796:
2791:
2786:
2781:
2776:
2771:
2766:
2761:
2756:
2751:
2746:
2741:
2736:
2731:
2726:
2721:
2716:
2711:
2706:
2701:
2696:
2691:
2686:
2681:
2676:
2671:
2666:
2661:
2656:
2651:
2646:
2641:
2636:
2631:
2626:
2621:
2616:
2611:
2606:
2601:
2596:
2594:Pitjantjatjara
2591:
2586:
2581:
2576:
2571:
2566:
2560:
2555:
2550:
2545:
2540:
2535:
2530:
2525:
2520:
2515:
2510:
2505:
2500:
2495:
2490:
2485:
2480:
2475:
2470:
2465:
2460:
2455:
2450:
2445:
2440:
2435:
2430:
2425:
2420:
2415:
2410:
2405:
2400:
2395:
2390:
2385:
2380:
2375:
2370:
2365:
2360:
2355:
2350:
2345:
2340:
2335:
2330:
2325:
2320:
2315:
2310:
2305:
2300:
2295:
2290:
2285:
2280:
2275:
2270:
2265:
2260:
2255:
2250:
2245:
2240:
2235:
2230:
2225:
2220:
2215:
2210:
2205:
2200:
2195:
2190:
2185:
2180:
2175:
2170:
2165:
2160:
2155:
2150:
2144:
2142:
2138:
2137:
2128:
2126:
2125:
2118:
2111:
2103:
2096:
2095:
2085:
2061:
2046:
2019:
1995:
1942:
1933:
1915:
1902:
1893:
1879:
1873:
1856:
1850:
1837:
1810:
1778:
1765:
1756:
1734:
1723:
1711:
1690:
1688:
1685:
1683:
1682:
1680:, p. 260)
1669:
1667:, p. 260)
1656:
1644:
1632:
1620:
1605:
1593:
1581:
1569:
1557:
1545:
1543:, p. 185.
1533:
1516:
1496:
1484:
1459:
1450:
1415:
1401:
1371:
1345:
1333:
1318:
1306:
1290:"Noongar Lore"
1281:
1269:
1267:, p. 260.
1256:
1254:
1251:
1248:
1247:
1234:
1232:, p. 260)
1212:
1211:
1209:
1206:
1203:
1202:
1196:
1188:
1185:
1181:
1180:
1175:
1170:
1165:
1151:
1146:
1141:
1123:
1113:
1108:
1102:
1097:
1091:
1089:
1086:
1085:
1084:
1074:
1058:
1048:
1042:
1036:
1030:
1023:
1000:
988:
971:
961:
951:
937:
910:
903:
889:
865:
862:
837:
836:
833:
830:
827:
824:
809:
808:
793:
783:
777:
759:
758:
751:
739:
728:Darling Ranges
713:
686:
683:
679:Mundaring Weir
598:Following the
557:Lake Joondalup
505:
502:
481:
478:
470:motorbike frog
466:
465:
449:
433:
405:
381:
353:
315:
312:
296:oral tradition
228:Moieties were
226:
225:
198:
150:
147:
95:Norman Tindale
90:
87:
72:
69:
59:region of the
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2906:
2895:
2892:
2890:
2887:
2886:
2884:
2868:
2865:
2863:
2860:
2858:
2855:
2853:
2850:
2848:
2845:
2843:
2840:
2838:
2835:
2832:
2831:
2827:
2821:
2818:
2816:
2813:
2811:
2808:
2807:
2805:
2801:
2795:
2792:
2790:
2787:
2785:
2782:
2780:
2777:
2775:
2772:
2770:
2767:
2765:
2762:
2760:
2757:
2755:
2752:
2750:
2747:
2745:
2742:
2740:
2737:
2735:
2732:
2730:
2727:
2725:
2722:
2720:
2717:
2715:
2712:
2710:
2707:
2705:
2702:
2700:
2697:
2695:
2692:
2690:
2687:
2685:
2682:
2680:
2677:
2675:
2672:
2670:
2667:
2665:
2662:
2660:
2657:
2655:
2652:
2650:
2647:
2645:
2642:
2640:
2637:
2635:
2632:
2630:
2627:
2625:
2622:
2620:
2617:
2615:
2612:
2610:
2607:
2605:
2602:
2600:
2597:
2595:
2592:
2590:
2587:
2585:
2582:
2580:
2577:
2575:
2572:
2570:
2567:
2564:
2561:
2559:
2556:
2554:
2551:
2549:
2546:
2544:
2541:
2539:
2536:
2534:
2531:
2529:
2526:
2524:
2521:
2519:
2516:
2514:
2511:
2509:
2506:
2504:
2501:
2499:
2496:
2494:
2491:
2489:
2486:
2484:
2481:
2479:
2476:
2474:
2471:
2469:
2466:
2464:
2461:
2459:
2456:
2454:
2451:
2449:
2448:Ngaatjatjarra
2446:
2444:
2443:Ngaanyatjarra
2441:
2439:
2436:
2434:
2431:
2429:
2426:
2424:
2421:
2419:
2416:
2414:
2411:
2409:
2406:
2404:
2401:
2399:
2396:
2394:
2391:
2389:
2386:
2384:
2381:
2379:
2376:
2374:
2371:
2369:
2366:
2364:
2361:
2359:
2356:
2354:
2351:
2349:
2346:
2344:
2341:
2339:
2336:
2334:
2331:
2329:
2326:
2324:
2321:
2319:
2316:
2314:
2311:
2309:
2306:
2304:
2301:
2299:
2296:
2294:
2291:
2289:
2286:
2284:
2281:
2279:
2276:
2274:
2271:
2269:
2266:
2264:
2261:
2259:
2256:
2254:
2251:
2249:
2248:Jabirr Jabirr
2246:
2244:
2241:
2239:
2236:
2234:
2231:
2229:
2226:
2224:
2221:
2219:
2216:
2214:
2211:
2209:
2206:
2204:
2201:
2199:
2196:
2194:
2191:
2189:
2186:
2184:
2181:
2179:
2176:
2174:
2171:
2169:
2166:
2164:
2161:
2159:
2156:
2154:
2151:
2149:
2146:
2145:
2143:
2139:
2135:
2131:
2124:
2119:
2117:
2112:
2110:
2105:
2104:
2101:
2092:
2088:
2082:
2078:
2074:
2070:
2066:
2062:
2058:
2051:
2047:
2042:
2037:
2033:
2029:
2025:
2020:
2016:
2012:
2008:
2001:
1996:
1992:
1988:
1984:
1980:
1976:
1972:
1968:
1964:
1960:
1957:
1953:
1952:
1947:
1943:
1939:
1934:
1930:
1923:
1922:
1916:
1912:
1908:
1903:
1899:
1894:
1890:
1889:
1884:
1880:
1876:
1870:
1866:
1862:
1857:
1853:
1847:
1843:
1838:
1834:
1830:
1826:
1819:
1815:
1811:
1806:
1801:
1797:
1793:
1792:
1784:
1779:
1775:
1771:
1766:
1762:
1757:
1753:
1749:
1745:
1744:
1739:
1735:
1728:
1724:
1720:
1716:
1712:
1700:
1696:
1692:
1691:
1686:
1679:
1673:
1670:
1666:
1660:
1657:
1653:
1648:
1645:
1641:
1636:
1633:
1629:
1624:
1621:
1617:
1612:
1610:
1606:
1602:
1597:
1594:
1590:
1585:
1582:
1579:, p. 32.
1578:
1573:
1570:
1566:
1561:
1558:
1554:
1549:
1546:
1542:
1537:
1534:
1530:
1525:
1523:
1521:
1517:
1513:
1512:
1507:
1506:
1500:
1497:
1493:
1488:
1485:
1473:
1469:
1463:
1460:
1454:
1451:
1446:
1442:
1438:
1437:
1432:
1426:
1424:
1422:
1420:
1416:
1404:
1402:0 646 12355 6
1398:
1391:
1390:
1382:
1380:
1378:
1376:
1372:
1360:
1356:
1349:
1346:
1342:
1337:
1334:
1330:
1325:
1323:
1319:
1316:, p. 11.
1315:
1310:
1307:
1295:
1291:
1285:
1282:
1278:
1273:
1270:
1266:
1261:
1258:
1252:
1244:
1238:
1235:
1231:
1227:
1223:
1217:
1214:
1207:
1205:
1200:
1197:
1194:
1191:
1190:
1186:
1184:
1179:
1176:
1174:
1171:
1169:
1166:
1163:
1162:Canning River
1159:
1155:
1152:
1150:
1147:
1145:
1144:Minnal Yungar
1142:
1139:
1135:
1131:
1127:
1124:
1121:
1117:
1114:
1112:
1109:
1106:
1105:Ilakuri wongi
1103:
1101:
1098:
1096:
1093:
1092:
1087:
1082:
1078:
1075:
1072:
1067:
1063:
1062:Perth Airport
1059:
1056:
1052:
1049:
1046:
1043:
1040:
1037:
1034:
1031:
1028:
1027:Perth Airport
1024:
1021:
1017:
1013:
1009:
1005:
1001:
998:
994:
989:
987:
983:
979:
975:
972:
969:
965:
964:Bennett Brook
962:
959:
955:
952:
949:
945:
941:
938:
935:
931:
927:
923:
919:
915:
911:
908:
904:
901:
897:
893:
890:
887:
883:
879:
875:
871:
868:
867:
863:
861:
859:
855:
850:
846:
845:Broken Spears
842:
841:Neville Green
834:
831:
828:
825:
822:
818:
817:
816:
814:
806:
802:
797:
794:
791:
787:
784:
781:
778:
775:
774:Carnac Island
771:
768:
767:
766:
765:and culture.
764:
756:
752:
749:
745:
744:
740:
737:
733:
729:
725:
721:
717:
714:
711:
707:
703:
700:
699:
698:
696:
692:
684:
682:
680:
676:
672:
668:
664:
661:
657:
651:
649:
648:Perth Airport
645:
641:
637:
633:
629:
628:Lake Gnangara
625:
621:
617:
611:
609:
605:
601:
596:
594:
590:
586:
582:
581:Carnac Island
577:
572:
570:
566:
562:
558:
552:
550:
546:
542:
538:
534:
530:
526:
525:Garden Island
522:
518:
514:
509:
503:
501:
499:
495:
491:
487:
479:
477:
475:
471:
463:
459:
454:
450:
447:
443:
438:
434:
431:
427:
423:
419:
418:grey kangaroo
415:
414:Darling Scarp
410:
406:
403:
402:Moaning frogs
399:
395:
391:
386:
382:
379:
378:tuart forests
375:
371:
367:
363:
358:
354:
351:
347:
343:
339:
335:
331:
326:
322:
321:
320:
313:
311:
309:
305:
301:
297:
292:
290:
286:
282:
278:
273:
270:
264:
258:
252:
246:
242:, these were
240:
235:
231:
223:
218:
214:
209:
203:
199:
196:
191:
186:
182:
177:
171:
167:
166:
165:
163:
160:
156:
148:
146:
144:
140:
136:
132:
128:
124:
120:
116:
112:
111:Darling Scarp
108:
104:
100:
96:
88:
86:
83:
78:
70:
68:
66:
62:
58:
54:
50:
46:
42:
34:
30:
19:
2779:Yindjibarndi
2708:
2654:Unggarranggu
2473:Ngarlawangga
2433:Nangatadjara
2368:Mandjildjara
2091:the original
2072:
2031:
2027:
2010:
2000:"Vocabulary"
1989:– via
1950:
1937:
1920:
1906:
1897:
1887:
1883:Grey, George
1860:
1841:
1828:
1795:
1789:
1773:
1760:
1742:
1705:13 September
1703:. Retrieved
1699:the original
1678:Tindale 1974
1672:
1665:Tindale 1974
1659:
1652:Delmege 2015
1647:
1635:
1623:
1616:Delmege 2005
1596:
1584:
1572:
1567:, p. ?.
1560:
1548:
1536:
1531:, p. 9.
1509:
1503:
1499:
1487:
1475:. Retrieved
1471:
1462:
1453:
1435:
1406:. Retrieved
1388:
1362:. Retrieved
1358:
1348:
1336:
1309:
1297:. Retrieved
1293:
1284:
1272:
1265:Tindale 1974
1260:
1237:
1230:Tindale 1974
1225:
1221:
1216:
1204:
1198:
1192:
1183:
1177:
1172:
1167:
1153:
1148:
1143:
1137:
1136:(south) and
1133:
1125:
1119:
1115:
1110:
1104:
1099:
1094:
1033:Nyibra Swamp
925:
916:building in
885:
881:
877:
874:Swan Brewery
869:
844:
843:in his book
838:
820:
812:
810:
760:
741:
724:Helena River
715:
708:, father of
701:
688:
671:Fanny Balbel
665:
656:John Forrest
652:
620:compensation
612:
597:
573:
553:
510:
507:
483:
467:
317:
293:
274:
260:, they were
254:and for the
227:
216:
184:
152:
103:Mount Helena
92:
74:
44:
40:
39:
29:
2634:Tjeraridjal
2629:Tjalkadjara
2543:Nyangumarta
2453:Ngadjunmaia
2388:Mardudunera
2028:M/C Journal
1601:Carter 1986
1492:Hallam 1974
1408:28 February
1364:28 February
1341:Hallam 1986
1299:19 February
1195:(white man)
1126:Minalnjunga
1081:Northbridge
1077:Weld Square
958:Daisy Bates
944:George Grey
892:Lake Monger
854:birth rates
849:death rates
805:New Zealand
720:Perth Water
706:Midgegooroo
667:Daisy Bates
604:Mount Eliza
593:Ken Colbung
585:Robert Lyon
576:Midgegooroo
569:George Grey
565:John Butler
549:Lake Monger
545:Mount Eliza
462:blue marron
374:Mallee fowl
362:sea-breezes
342:germination
285:Madtsoiidae
159:matrilineal
2883:Categories
2847:Queensland
2789:Yinikutira
2764:Yawijibaya
2669:Walmadjari
2639:Tjurabalan
2518:Njakinjaki
2483:Ngolibardu
2373:Mandjindja
2333:Maduwongga
2298:Kartudjara
2228:Ildawongga
2218:Gooniyandi
2178:Ballardong
1954:. London:
1798:: 83–108.
1752:Q128122479
1565:Green 1984
1445:Q128122479
1329:Green 1984
1314:Moore 1842
1277:Bates 1938
1187:Some words
1120:Karrakatta
1055:Indigenous
1039:Bibra Lake
1010:people at
978:Swan River
918:East Perth
907:Swanbourne
882:Koyamulyup
870:Goonininup
748:Yellagonga
746:. Led by
632:Ellenbrook
533:Yellagonga
494:dreadlocks
480:Ceremonies
430:Malleefowl
394:zamia palm
390:fish traps
376:eggs from
279:, a water-
257:Wardungmat
230:endogamous
170:Wardungmat
99:Swan River
2784:Yingkarta
2679:Wariangga
2624:Tharrkari
2619:Thalandji
2599:Putidjara
2579:Pindjarup
2508:Nimanburu
2463:Ngarinjin
2438:Nangatara
2418:Murunitja
2318:Kurajarra
2303:Keiadjara
2288:Karajarri
2233:Inawongga
2203:Duulngari
2069:"Whadjuk"
1927:. Perth:
1553:Grey 1841
1253:Citations
1071:Eden Hill
997:Eden Hill
976:from the
954:Welshpool
948:Joondalup
926:Matagarup
858:vendettas
736:Mundaring
732:Kalamunda
640:Welshpool
595:in 1997.
498:Balardong
486:red ochre
453:Kambarang
346:marsupial
334:scrubland
269:Ballarruk
263:Nagarnook
239:Manitjmat
202:Manitjmat
143:Pindjarup
139:Balardong
107:Kalamunda
2862:Victoria
2857:Tasmania
2749:Wunambal
2739:Worrorra
2729:Wirdinya
2724:Wilawila
2689:Watjarri
2604:Spinifex
2574:Pindiini
2569:Pibelmen
2563:Perrakee
2558:Panyjima
2553:Nyulnyul
2498:Ngurrara
2478:Ngarluma
2403:Miriwung
2328:Madoitja
2273:Kalamaia
2243:Jaburara
2238:Inggarda
2183:Binigura
2173:Baiyungu
2163:Badimaya
2067:(1974).
1987:Q4656400
1983:Wikidata
1979:6549151M
1963:12028353
1948:(1842).
1885:(1841).
1816:(1886).
1748:Wikidata
1441:Wikidata
1201:(father)
1168:Witja:ri
1116:Karakata
1051:Gnangara
1045:Walyunga
993:mia-mias
940:Wanneroo
930:Burswood
896:Jolimont
878:Goodinup
839:Work by
821:Kuranyup
636:Jolimont
616:frontier
561:Wanneroo
513:Vlamingh
416:to hunt
300:Rottnest
251:Tondarup
245:Didarruk
234:sections
162:moieties
131:Pinjarra
115:Armadale
77:ethnonym
2889:Noongar
2803:History
2759:Yamatji
2744:Wudjari
2734:Wirngir
2719:Wiilman
2709:Whadjuk
2704:Wenamba
2659:Unggumi
2644:Tjuroro
2589:Pintupi
2548:Nyigina
2533:Noongar
2503:Niabali
2488:Ngombal
2408:Mirning
2378:Mangala
2358:Mandara
2353:Malngin
2348:Malgaru
2343:Malgana
2323:Kurrama
2293:Kariera
2283:Kaneang
2278:Kambure
2268:Kalaako
2223:Gugadja
2208:Dyiwali
2141:Peoples
2009:(ed.).
1971:5187310
1827:(ed.).
1719:AIATSIS
1687:Sources
1477:8 March
1173:Yooadda
1158:toponym
1111:Juadjuk
1020:Barnett
1008:Noongar
920:and on
900:Innaloo
702:Beeliar
691:Canning
537:Crawley
517:whalers
458:gilgies
370:abalone
205:, from
195:lineage
176:wardung
173:, from
155:Noongar
123:Toodyay
109:on the
89:Country
49:Noongar
45:Witjari
41:Whadjuk
2774:Yeidji
2769:Yawuru
2699:Wanman
2694:Wangai
2684:Warrwa
2674:Wardal
2664:Waljen
2649:Umiida
2538:Nyamal
2528:Nokaan
2523:Njunga
2513:Ninanu
2493:Ngurlu
2468:Ngarla
2458:Ngalia
2423:Nakako
2398:Mineng
2313:Koreng
2253:Jadira
2193:Buruna
2188:Bunuba
2168:Bailgu
2148:Amangu
2083:
1985:
1977:
1969:
1961:
1871:
1848:
1750:
1443:
1399:
1226:/i:wat
1224:/'yuad
1199:mamman
1193:gengar
1178:Yooard
1154:Wadjup
1140:(man))
1138:njunga
1134:minang
1100:Derbal
968:Waugal
813:Djanga
716:Beeloo
543:or by
437:Djilba
422:tammar
409:Makuru
398:nardoo
396:nuts,
392:) and
385:Djeran
357:Bunuru
350:damper
338:canopy
281:python
219:) and
208:manitj
187:) and
137:, the
47:, are
18:Wadjuk
2754:Wurla
2614:Tenma
2609:Tedei
2428:Nanda
2393:Martu
2363:Mandi
2308:Koara
2263:Jukun
2198:Djaru
2158:Bardi
2153:Arnga
2053:(PDF)
2034:(6).
2005:. In
2003:(PDF)
1925:(PDF)
1823:. In
1821:(PDF)
1786:(PDF)
1730:(PDF)
1393:(PDF)
1208:Notes
982:Perth
755:Weeip
743:Mooro
710:Yagan
529:Irwin
490:Uluru
325:Birak
277:Wagyl
179:(the
61:Perth
2794:Yued
2714:Widi
2584:Pini
2413:Miwa
2338:Maia
2258:Jawi
2213:Gija
2081:ISBN
1967:OCLC
1959:LCCN
1911:WAIT
1869:ISBN
1846:ISBN
1707:2009
1479:2024
1410:2024
1397:ISBN
1366:2024
1301:2024
1222:wada
1130:Yued
1002:The
898:and
886:Boya
803:and
734:and
726:and
460:and
442:emus
420:and
330:burn
266:and
248:and
135:Yued
127:York
113:and
82:whad
75:The
71:Name
2132:of
2036:doi
1800:doi
1079:in
1064:in
650:).
304:BCE
222:mat
190:mat
164::
2885::
2079:.
2075:.
2071:.
2055:.
2032:18
2030:.
2026:.
1981:.
1975:OL
1973:.
1965:.
1909:.
1867:.
1863:.
1796:39
1794:.
1788:.
1772:.
1717:.
1608:^
1519:^
1514:).
1470:.
1418:^
1374:^
1357:.
1321:^
1292:.
681:.
638:,
634:,
551:.
444:,
428:.
310:.
272:.
215:,
183:,
67:.
2565:?
2122:e
2115:t
2108:v
2044:.
2038::
2017:.
1993:.
1931:.
1913:.
1877:.
1854:.
1835:.
1808:.
1802::
1776:.
1754:.
1709:.
1676:(
1663:(
1642:.
1630:.
1618:.
1603:.
1591:.
1555:.
1494:.
1481:.
1447:.
1412:.
1368:.
1343:.
1331:.
1303:.
1279:.
1164:)
1156:(
1128:(
999:.
936:.
902:.
807:.
776:.
757:.
712:.
352:.
211:(
193:(
51:(
20:)
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