959:. It is said that the Waugal's resting place is a cave in the deep, still water. Python Bridge crosses Bennett Brook approximately 200 metres from its confluence with the Swan River and it is believed to be the home of an evil and dangerous spirit. Some Aboriginal families have said that camping areas existed from the Southern boundaries of this site to Bennett Swamp in pre-contact times. There is a tradition of digging wells for freshwater supplies in the western bank of Bennett Brook and a traditional fish trap supplied food for these camps. Benara Road is the southern boundary to this Aboriginal site. From the 1930s to 1960s, Aboriginal camps spread across Lord Street into the area that is now a housing estate. It is reported that burials have taken place between Benara Road and Widgee Road, however their exact location is not known.
619:, one of a whole series of wetlands which may have, within the memory of Aboriginal people here, been a series of caves along an underground river whose roof fell in. This reserve was re-established in 1975. In addition to the "feeding station" at Mount Eliza, under the control of Francis Armstrong, first "Protector of Aborigines". Hutt also tried to establish an Aboriginal yeomanry by giving Aboriginal "settlers" grants of government land. The lands chosen for this venture were marginal and Aboriginal people were expected to make improvements without giving them access to needed bank finance, so the scheme quickly collapsed. Aboriginal campsites were temporarily established at many metropolitan locations including
1018:, southwest of King Road and west of the Forrestfield and Kewdale Railway Yards. Munday Swamp was an area of ancient Aboriginal usage and had been used as a turtle-fishing ground in pre-contact times. The Melaleuca shrub offered shade and coolness to the turtle fishermen, who were known to camp there on occasions. These days, Munday Swamp lies on private property beside the Perth Airport's perimeter fence.
1062:. Eventually in the late 1950s, aboriginals from camps in Bassendean and Eden Hill accepted the site because, harassed by a policy of keeping native people out of the Perth area and often left homeless, the government offered to house them on the site and guarantee some freedom from continual police harassment. By February 1958 some 29 families, constituted by 220 people, had settled there.
845:, these factors led to a collapsing population in those areas nearby European settlement. In addition to white killings and massacres in Fremantle and elsewhere, the arrival of Europeans saw many deaths from diseases to which Aboriginal people had no resistance. These were interpreted as sorcery within traditional culture and led to "pay-back"
22:
544:
increased violence on both sides. The first attempted
Aboriginal massacre was the "Battle for Perth" when there was an attempt to surround and capture Aboriginal people who had retreated into Lake Monger. The area was cordoned, but the hunted people escaped. Once Lake Monger was settled by the Monger family, Yellagonga moved to
543:
With the alienation from their lands due to settlers claiming land and fencing it off, Aboriginal people lost access to important seasonal foods, they did not understand or accept private ownership of their lands, which led to spearing of stock and digging in food gardens. Reprisals led to a cycle of
642:
In 1893 the granting of self-government to
Western Australia, specifically excluded provision for Aboriginal Affairs, which remained vested in the British crown. The state's constitution also stated that 1% of government expenditures had to be for the benefit of Aboriginal people, a condition that
567:
was even more precarious. Violence flared when it was said 200 "savages" were going to attack the ferry from
Fremantle, and citizens armed themselves and rushed to the site to find nothing but a bemused ferryman. A Tasmanian settler shot one of the local Aboriginal men and Yagan, Midgegooroo's son
602:
Relations between the settlers and the
Noongar people had deteriorated badly in the final years of Stirling's reign, with settlers shooting at Aboriginal people indiscriminately for the spearing of stock, leading to payback killings of settlers. Stirling's response was to attempt to subdue the
1057:
has long been associated with "campies", as
Aboriginals called themselves. It was gazetted as an aboriginal reserve in 1911, and repeated efforts were made to shift indigenous people into there, despite their refusal to stay on the site, preferring their traditional campsites around
603:
Aboriginal people through harsh punishment. When
Stirling retired he was replaced as Governor by John Hutt, 1 January 1839, who rather than adopting Stirling's vindictive vengeful policies against "Aborigines", tried protecting their rights and educating them. This ran foul of
580:. Yagan escaped from the island in a boat, and waged a guerrilla campaign on both sides of the river. He was eventually killed by one of two European boys he had befriended and his head was smoked and sent to England, finally being recovered and returned home by
979:
In 1941 a group of Swan Valley
Noongar women purchased 20 acres (8 ha) of bushland bounded by Gallagher Street and Mary Crescent, Eden Hill. The local council refused their requests for water and applications to build housing so they camped in
804:– a term referring to spirits of the dead – by the Whadjuk. This belief incorporated Europeans into the social structure of the Noongar peoples and was reinforced by several factors. To the Whadjuk, the settlers resembled dead people because they:
307:
Like other
Noongar peoples, the Whadjuk seem to have moved more inland in the wetter weather of winter, returning to the coast as interior seasonal lakes dried up. The Whadjuk, like many Noongar people, divided the year into six seasons.
651:
and of youth in detention in
Western Australia. Many are imprisoned for the non-payment of fines incurred for minor offences. The number of Noongar youth in incarceration exceeds the number in school or formal training.
1707:
787:
took great efforts to learn the
Whadjuk tongue, and was recognised by the Yellagonga's Whadjuk group as being the returned dead son of an Aboriginal woman, before going on to a distinguished political career in
840:
associated with European infections, and believed that Aboriginal sorcery was involved, leading to rising numbers of reprisal spearing and killings within the Aboriginal community. Coupled with the declining
2109:
647:
unilaterally took control in Aboriginal Affairs, without an amendment to the constitution in 1896. As of 2016, Aboriginal people number 3% of the state's population, but number 50% of the women in
869:, marked the place where coastal and inland Noongar people met for trade and ritual purposes. It was a focal point for trading in red ochre. Male initiations also took place there. Close by was
1493:
1499:
778:
931:("the place where women dig yams") had a number of Aboriginal camp sites, well into the 20th century. Orchestra Shell Cave in Wanneroo had Aboriginal paintings on the roof and walls.
1446:
Collard, L.; Revell, G.; Palmer, D.; Leonard, L. (1999). Noongar Placenames associated with the Goordandalup (Crawley bay) area of the Gabee Derbalor Derbal Yaragan Beloo (Swan River).
445:: from September to October, was "the flowering" at the height of the wildflower season. This time saw rain decreasing. Families moved towards the coast where frogs, tortoises,
2830:
2102:
2045:
984:, bush breaks and tin camps and relied on water dug from their own wells. In the 1950s the area was resumed by the State Housing Commission for the creation of the suburb of
662:
and Joobaitj, who had preserved in oral tradition the Aboriginal viewpoints of the coming of the Europeans. Fanny had been born on the Aboriginal sacred site that underlies
771:
took early efforts to befriend Aboriginal people (being known to them as "Pranji Djanga"), but later in life became very authoritarian and bitter in his dealings with them.
477:
in ceremonies, which they obtained from the site now occupied by Perth Railway Station and which they traded with people to the east. By repute it was traded as far as
2855:
2095:
1908:
1042:
hosted a large Aboriginal camping site. Gnangara contained the Aboriginal Community College (K-12), founded in 1979 and closed in 2008. It was one of two independent
631:
and Allawah Grove. These sites however were frequently moved at the discretion of European authorities once an alternative use was found for the land (as happened at
2850:
429:: from July to August, was "the cold-wet" saw Noongar groups moving to the drier soils of the Guildford and Canning-Kelmscott areas, where roots were collected and
2825:
1683:
1899:
1715:
2835:
2118:
1343:
457:
These seasons were roughly divided (rather than by specific date) and Whadjuk took account of environmental signals such as the spring call of the
389:
bulbs, and other seeds were collected for food. Zamia palm nuts are naturally highly poisonous but they are edible after being leached with water.
2845:
560:. With the lands seized for settlement in 1843, Yellagonga was reduced to begging for survival, and shortly thereafter he accidentally drowned.
317:: November to December, was the "fruiting", characterised by the onset of hot, easterly winds which blow during the day. Noongar people used to
883:
was an Aboriginal camping site until the 1920s. When it was closed the land was used for market gardening, and the Aboriginal groups moved to
2000:
The Australian race: its origin, languages, customs, place of landing in Australia and the routes by which it spread itself over the continent
1818:
The Australian race: its origin, languages, customs, place of landing in Australia and the routes by which it spread itself over the continent
377:: March to April, was "first rains-first dew", with the weather becoming cooler with winds from the south west. Fishing continued (often with
2840:
2073:
1861:
1853:
1838:
1072:
was often used as a camping spot by Aboriginal people. The Aboriginal Advancement Council established its headquarters there in the 1940s.
509:
2057:
1456:
1036:
hosts one of the largest known Aboriginal campsites near Perth, used by regional tribes for more than 60,000 years, now a National Park.
902:
1944:
1759:"A Trans-Generational Effect of The Aborigines Act 1905 (WA): The Making of the Fringedwellers in the South-West of Western Australia"
599:. An Anglican school was established for a number of years at Ellenbrook, but was never very successful and was greatly underfunded.
1389:
1376:
693:. Their country lay south west of Perth, between the Canning River and Swan River. At the beginning of white settlement were led by
667:
536:. As Aboriginal women had been earlier seized by European seal hunters, Yellagonga subsequently moved his encampment to what is now
513:
497:
The Whadjuk people bore the brunt of the European colonisation, as the cities of Perth and Fremantle were built in their territory.
462:
573:
1004:
663:
529:
91:
1069:
966:
768:
596:
592:
537:
533:
87:
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has been used by Aboriginal people from Bayswater and Bassendean areas as a fishing area from the 1920s until recent times.
992:
895:
620:
318:
1059:
1000:
985:
724:
720:
628:
272:
held to be responsible for most of the water features around Perth. This may have been a cultural memory of an extinct
95:
1988:
1806:
591:, Whadjuk Aboriginal people became totally dispirited, and were reduced to dependent status, settling at their site at
2882:
1687:
946:
918:
884:
877:(birthing stone) there was pushed into the river by European settlers to try to prevent Aborigines accessing the site.
655:
624:
553:
357:. To maximise the effects of these cooling breezes, the Noongars moved to coastal estuaries and reefs where fish and
119:
103:
781:
of the Noongar language, and later came to serve as magistrate in legal cases in which Whadjuk people were involved.
2346:
525:
366:
111:
1995:
1813:
648:
2251:
107:
2038:
973:'s central lakes to avoid the salty lakes closer to the coast. 16 Aboriginal campsites have been found in the
2062:
Aboriginal Tribes of Australia: Their Terrain, Environmental Controls, Distribution, Limits, and Proper Names
2446:
2012:
1011:
government. SVNC are amongst the leaders of the 2015-2016 Aboriginal Refugee community on Heirisson Island.
955:
is significant to Aboriginal people, as it is believed that it was formed by the creative activities of the
742:
The Upper Swan or "mountain people", whose proper name is unknown. Early settlers believed they were led by
434:
296:
115:
1703:
2803:
1771:
1043:
962:
222:
1938:
658:
claimed she interviewed the last fully initiated Whadjuk Noongar people in 1907, reporting on informants
1934:
1231:
774:
611:, who felt they needed strong-arm tactics to protect themselves from Aboriginal "reprisals". In 1887 an
406:
41:
453:
were caught. Birds returning from their Northern Hemisphere migration also formed a part of their diet.
349:: January to February, was the "hot-dry", characterised by hot dry easterly conditions with afternoon
2798:
2436:
2371:
1726:
1419:
337:
grazing. This was the season of harvesting wattle seeds which were pounded into flour and stored as
277:
921:, until the site became garbage dump for the city of Perth, before finally becoming the site of the
481:. Prior to the colonisation it was used to colour hair, which was worn long (in a style similar to
2767:
1940:
A Descriptive Vocabulary of the Language in Common Use Amongst the Aboriginals of Western Australia
1030:
was a frequently used camping ground as the presence of Aboriginal artefacts from the area attests.
873:(frog camp), so-called because of the abundance of frogs, an important part of the local diet. The
829:
632:
1021:
824:
were not affected by infectious diseases to which most Aboriginal people had no genetic resistance
2531:
2376:
1779:
1065:
612:
501:
53:
1887:
Fire and Hearth: Aboriginal Usage and European Usurpation in the South West of Western Australia
2079:
1007:
closed the settlement in 2003 by act of Parliament. The buildings were later bulldozed by the
2808:
2122:
2069:
1955:
1947:
1917:
1857:
1834:
1802:
1385:
758:
588:
450:
45:
86:'s estimate, takes in some 6,700 square kilometres (2,600 sq mi) of land, from the
2877:
2024:
2003:
1979:
1971:
1875:
1821:
1788:
1758:
1736:
1429:
974:
910:
751:
354:
169:
815:
were pale in complexion – which was seen by the Whadjuk as the pallor of people after death
146:
language group, with their own distinctive dialect. Culturally they were divided into two
2592:
2546:
2541:
2391:
2087:
1963:
1054:
922:
821:
smelled bad and often had rotten teeth, reflecting early 19th century standards of hygiene
789:
577:
517:
326:
288:
201:
1877:
Journals of Two Expeditions of Discovery in the North West and Western Australia, 1837-38
413:
once rains had replenished inland water resources. This was the season of mid-latitude
2632:
2582:
2366:
2331:
2311:
2281:
2053:
716:
545:
458:
410:
284:
90:, together with its eastern and northern tributaries. Its hinterland extension runs to
83:
917:("Leg deep") afforded a passage for crossing the Swan River. They were later moved to
2871:
2687:
2431:
2236:
1150:
1050:
1015:
1008:
952:
762:
679:
636:
616:
569:
568:
and Yellagonga's nephew, speared a white in revenge. Yagan was arrested and sent to
402:
99:
1384:(2nd ed.). East Perth, Western Australia: Noongar Language and Culture Centre.
2642:
2602:
2461:
2421:
2381:
2356:
2186:
2146:
862:
712:
683:
659:
644:
461:, in marking seasons. For example, the onset of Kambarang, or the flowering of the
401:: from May to June, was "the wet", and Noongars moved inland from the coast to the
390:
1278:
761:
befriended the Aboriginal resistance fighter Yagan, when the latter was exiled to
221:, and children took the moiety of their mother. Each moiety also contained two "
2622:
2617:
2572:
2441:
2416:
2401:
2351:
2326:
2246:
2201:
1871:
932:
880:
793:
784:
708:
694:
581:
564:
557:
362:
330:
273:
147:
1730:
1423:
750:
Several Europeans in particular contributed to modern understanding of Whadjuk
2777:
2752:
2702:
2657:
2627:
2506:
2471:
2361:
2321:
2286:
2216:
2206:
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1027:
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842:
837:
736:
521:
482:
418:
414:
382:
378:
350:
338:
292:
269:
218:
127:
118:
and a little beyond. Its southern coastal frontier extends to the vicinity of
1344:"The ancient practice of Macrozamia pit processing in southwestern Australia"
2772:
2667:
2612:
2607:
2587:
2567:
2496:
2451:
2426:
2406:
2306:
2291:
2276:
2226:
2221:
2191:
2065:
1740:
1433:
942:
936:
486:
474:
334:
322:
131:
1967:
1959:
1793:
945:
was a camping site for Aboriginal people at the turn of the 20th century.
276:
python-like serpent, a water dwelling ambush predator, part of the extinct
2737:
2727:
2717:
2712:
2677:
2562:
2557:
2551:
2486:
2466:
2316:
2261:
2231:
2171:
2161:
2151:
1039:
1033:
928:
604:
549:
65:
1975:
1686:. Association of Independent Schools (AICS Support Unit). Archived from
849:, which increased mortality of those in closest contact with Europeans.
2747:
2732:
2722:
2707:
2692:
2647:
2577:
2536:
2521:
2491:
2476:
2396:
2341:
2336:
2271:
2266:
2256:
2211:
2196:
1146:
996:
981:
888:
608:
516:, a long-boat under the command of Captain (later Lieutenant Governor)
505:
358:
183:
150:
143:
37:
666:, while Joobaitj's sacred lands were near the current youth hostel at
2762:
2757:
2682:
2672:
2662:
2652:
2637:
2526:
2516:
2511:
2501:
2481:
2456:
2411:
2386:
2301:
2241:
2181:
2176:
2156:
2136:
2029:
1896:
Aboriginal Resource Usage along the Swan River (Swan River Symposium)
1831:
Broken Spears: Aborigines and Europeans in the Southwest of Australia
956:
818:
often changed their clothing and, therefore, their general appearance
446:
386:
1014:
Munday Swamp is located against the northeastern perimeter fence of
500:
No doubt Whadjuk people had been familiar with Dutch explorers like
21:
949:
conducted most of her interviews with Perth Aboriginal people here.
2742:
2597:
2296:
2141:
2002:. Vol. 1. Melbourne: J. Ferres. pp. 340–341 – via
1820:. Vol. 1. Melbourne: J. Ferres. pp. 336–340 – via
970:
743:
731:
698:
508:
to the coast, before the arrival of settlers under the command of
478:
265:
49:
1850:
Far from Home: Aboriginal Prisoners of Rottnest Island, 1838-1931
1209:
This equates with other words in the Noongar dialect continuum –
2782:
1951:
1118:
894:
People from the site of Jolimont later moved to the site of the
846:
291:
from the mainland, which occurred between 12,000 and 8,000
123:
2091:
1513:
1511:
1509:
430:
393:
were caught in large numbers with the opening rains of winter.
16:
Noongar people of the Swan Coastal Plain in Western Australia
836:
has shown how Aboriginal culture could not explain the high
1772:"Allawah Grove Native Settlement: Housing and assimilation"
2013:"Where Fanny Balbuk Walked: Re-imagining Perth's Wetlands"
2011:
Ryan, John C.; Brady, Danielle; Kueh, Christopher (2015).
898:
Rifle Range, later resumed by the Australian Army in 1913.
1927:
Western Australia — An atlas of human endeavour 1829-1979
808:
came from the west, the direction of the setting sun and
1889:. Canberra: Australian Institute for Aboriginal Studies.
1628:
901:
There was also a small Aboriginal camping site near the
325:
to force animals into the open to hunt, and to open the
485:). Quartz from the Darling Scarp was also traded with
1929:. Western Australian Government by Government Printer.
1600:
1598:
615:
for the remaining Whadjuk people was established near
280:
that disappeared between 40,000 and 20,000 years ago.
711:
to the Canning River and bordered in the east by the
361:
constituted a large proportion of the seasonal diet.
607:
settlers intent on seizing Aboriginal lands without
82:
The traditional tribal territory of the Whadjuk, in
2791:
2129:
2046:
Department of Aboriginal Affairs, Western Australia
1313:
1311:
1910:Indigenous history of the Swan and Canning rivers
719:. During winters they camped in the hills around
678:The Whadjuk people were divided by the Swan and
1342:Macintyre, Ken; Dobson, Barb (25 August 2023).
264:The Whadjuk also preserved many stories of the
1565:
1517:
913:. The shallows off Heirisson Island, known as
739:, they lived north and west of the Swan River.
727:, and moved back towards the rivers in spring.
2103:
1716:"Broadway Arboretum Discovery Tour Park Pack"
1577:
440:
424:
396:
372:
344:
329:and allow the few November rains to increase
312:
256:
250:
244:
238:
232:
226:
209:
195:
189:
177:
163:
157:
69:
8:
1763:Murdoch University Electronic Journal of Law
1370:
1368:
1366:
1364:
353:, known locally in Western Australia as the
2110:
2096:
2088:
1616:
1457:"Heritage Council of WA - Places Database"
2028:
1792:
1529:
707:. The area south of the Swan River, from
1414:
1412:
1410:
1408:
1049:Allawah Grove on the north-west edge of
800:European settlers were initially called
20:
1666:
1653:
1640:
1604:
1253:
1246:
1218:
1202:
1003:. In controversial circumstances, the
1721:. Bassendean Preservation Group. 2009.
1589:
1480:
1329:
1230:The early British settler and diarist
812:, the land of the dead for the Whadjuk
1854:University of Western Australia Press
1704:"AIATSIS map of Indigenous Australia"
1553:
1317:
1302:
1265:
853:Aboriginal camping sites around Perth
7:
2066:Australian National University Press
1848:Green, Neville; Moon, Susan (1997).
1541:
861:, now built over by the present day
595:for handouts under the authority of
122:. Their northern neighbours are the
1833:. Perth: Focus Education Services.
1234:wrote an account of this tradition.
903:Australian Broadcasting Corporation
865:, together with the nearby site of
225:" (or "skins"): in the case of the
1735:. Project Gutenberg of Australia.
1428:. Project Gutenberg of Australia.
528:, on the coast of what is now the
130:people lay to their east, and the
14:
1046:schools in the metropolitan area.
635:, the Swanbourne Rifle Range and
489:groups for the making of spears.
463:Western Australian Christmas tree
283:Coastal dwelling Whadjuk have an
134:on their southern coastal flank.
94:and a little beyond. It includes
643:has never been met. The Premier
114:and reaches eastwards as far as
110:to the north, the area south of
1348:www.anthropologyfromtheshed.com
1005:Government of Western Australia
995:was an Aboriginal community of
777:rapidly came to understand the
686:, each with its own territory:
530:University of Western Australia
369:also formed a part of the diet.
186:; meaning 'stock, family, leg')
142:The Whadjuk formed part of the
1907:Hughes-Hallett, Debra (2010).
1684:"Aboriginal Community College"
935:met Aboriginal people at Lake
504:, and the occasional visit of
1:
1880:. Perth, WA: Hesperian Press.
1732:The Passing of the Aborigines
1425:The Passing of the Aborigines
1111:(bank of Swan River at Perth)
993:Swan Valley Nyungah Community
465:showing the onset of Bunuru.
295:, technically a post-glacial
287:describing the separation of
74:, the Whadjuk word for "no".
1987:Parker, Edward Reed (1886).
1803:Goldsworthy, Roger Tuckfield
1752:. Perth: Town of Bassendean.
1629:Aboriginal Community College
1001:Lockridge, Western Australia
520:was dispatched and met with
2039:"Tindale Tribal Boundaries"
1578:Ryan, Brady & Kueh 2015
1077:Alternative names/spellings
969:made their campsites along
512:. After a near disaster at
437:, and kangaroo were hunted.
2899:
1996:Curr, Edward Micklethwaite
1814:Curr, Edward Micklethwaite
939:when he returned to Perth.
473:Whadjuk used high quality
2817:
1885:Hallam, Sylvia J (1974).
1750:The History of Bassendean
333:of summer foodstuffs and
1925:Jarvis, NT, ed. (1979).
1770:Delmege, Sharon (2015).
1757:Delmege, Sharon (2005).
1497:, s 70 (repealed by the
2054:Tindale, Norman Barnett
1894:Hallam, Syvlia (1986).
1829:Green, Neville (1984).
1748:Carter, Jennie (1986).
1138:Wadjuk, Wadjug, Whajook
510:Governor James Stirling
441:
425:
397:
373:
345:
313:
297:Flandrian transgression
257:
251:
245:
239:
233:
227:
210:
196:
190:
178:
164:
158:
138:Culture and pre-history
70:
68:appears to derive from
25:Noongar language groups
2804:Forrest River massacre
1794:10.22459/AH.39.2015.04
1461:inherit.dplh.wa.gov.au
1107:(a toponym for Perth)/
785:Lieutenant George Grey
649:Bandyup Women's Prison
278:megafauna of Australia
26:
2822:By state or territory
1935:George Fletcher Moore
1530:Green & Moon 1997
1494:Constitution Act 1889
1232:George Fletcher Moore
1217:, all meaning "no". (
1149:for the flats of the
775:George Fletcher Moore
664:St George's Cathedral
576:who claimed he was a
552:area was explored by
106:. It encompasses the
42:Aboriginal Australian
24:
2799:Flying Foam massacre
2372:Mantjintjarra Ngalia
1945:Wm. S. Orr & Co.
1690:on 12 September 2009
1807:"The York District"
1729:(September 2004) .
1727:Daisy Bates, C.B.E.
1566:Hughes-Hallett 2010
1518:Hughes-Hallett 2010
1500:Aborigines Act 1905
1420:Daisy Bates, C.B.E.
633:Karrakatta Cemetery
321:mosaic sections of
2883:Swan Coastal Plain
2831:Northern Territory
2119:Aboriginal peoples
1780:Aboriginal History
1422:(September 2004).
1378:Noongar Dictionary
1375:Whitehurst, Rose.
1283:Kaartdijin Noongar
613:Aboriginal reserve
563:The situation for
524:and his family at
415:cold frontal rains
303:Seasonal divisions
206:Cacatua pastinator
54:Swan Coastal Plain
46:Western Australian
27:
2865:
2864:
2856:Western Australia
2809:Pinjarra massacre
2123:Western Australia
2082:on 20 March 2020.
2075:978-0-708-10741-6
2048:. September 2016.
1918:Curtin University
1863:978-1-875-56092-9
1840:978-0-959-18281-1
1643:, pp. 85–86.
1121:term composed of
1084:Caractterup tribe
963:Aboriginal people
769:Francis Armstrong
759:Robert Menli Lyon
682:Rivers into four
597:Francis Armstrong
589:Pinjarra massacre
556:, and in 1838 by
421:were also caught.
174:Corvus coronoides
52:bioregion of the
2890:
2112:
2105:
2098:
2089:
2083:
2078:. Archived from
2049:
2043:
2034:
2032:
2030:10.5204/mcj.1038
2007:
2004:Internet Archive
1993:
1983:
1980:Internet Archive
1930:
1921:
1915:
1903:
1890:
1881:
1867:
1844:
1825:
1822:Internet Archive
1811:
1798:
1796:
1776:
1766:
1753:
1744:
1722:
1720:
1711:
1699:
1697:
1695:
1670:
1663:
1657:
1650:
1644:
1638:
1632:
1626:
1620:
1614:
1608:
1602:
1593:
1587:
1581:
1575:
1569:
1563:
1557:
1551:
1545:
1539:
1533:
1527:
1521:
1515:
1504:
1490:
1484:
1478:
1472:
1471:
1469:
1467:
1453:
1447:
1444:
1438:
1437:
1416:
1403:
1402:
1400:
1398:
1383:
1372:
1359:
1358:
1356:
1354:
1339:
1333:
1327:
1321:
1315:
1306:
1300:
1294:
1293:
1291:
1289:
1275:
1269:
1263:
1257:
1251:
1235:
1228:
1222:
1207:
975:City of Cockburn
911:Heirisson Island
752:Noongar language
684:residence groups
674:Social structure
548:. In 1834 this
444:
435:ringtail possums
428:
400:
376:
355:Fremantle doctor
348:
316:
260:
254:
248:
242:
236:
230:
213:
199:
193:
181:
170:Australian raven
167:
161:
73:
44:) people of the
32:, alternatively
2898:
2897:
2893:
2892:
2891:
2889:
2888:
2887:
2868:
2867:
2866:
2861:
2860:
2841:South Australia
2826:New South Wales
2813:
2787:
2125:
2116:
2086:
2076:
2052:
2041:
2037:
2010:
1991:
1986:
1933:
1924:
1913:
1906:
1893:
1884:
1870:
1864:
1847:
1841:
1828:
1809:
1801:
1774:
1769:
1756:
1747:
1725:
1718:
1714:
1710:. 28 July 2023.
1702:
1693:
1691:
1682:
1678:
1673:
1664:
1660:
1651:
1647:
1639:
1635:
1627:
1623:
1617:Bassendean 2009
1615:
1611:
1603:
1596:
1588:
1584:
1576:
1572:
1564:
1560:
1552:
1548:
1540:
1536:
1528:
1524:
1516:
1507:
1491:
1487:
1479:
1475:
1465:
1463:
1455:
1454:
1450:
1445:
1441:
1418:
1417:
1406:
1396:
1394:
1392:
1381:
1374:
1373:
1362:
1352:
1350:
1341:
1340:
1336:
1328:
1324:
1316:
1309:
1301:
1297:
1287:
1285:
1277:
1276:
1272:
1264:
1260:
1252:
1248:
1244:
1239:
1238:
1229:
1225:
1208:
1204:
1199:
1178:
1171:
1096:(language name)
1079:
1055:South Guildford
923:Burswood Casino
855:
790:South Australia
779:Whadjuk dialect
676:
578:freedom fighter
572:in the care of
495:
493:Contact history
471:
305:
202:western corella
140:
108:Victoria Plains
80:
62:
17:
12:
11:
5:
2896:
2894:
2886:
2885:
2880:
2870:
2869:
2863:
2862:
2859:
2858:
2853:
2848:
2843:
2838:
2833:
2828:
2823:
2819:
2818:
2815:
2814:
2812:
2811:
2806:
2801:
2795:
2793:
2789:
2788:
2786:
2785:
2780:
2775:
2770:
2765:
2760:
2755:
2750:
2745:
2740:
2735:
2730:
2725:
2720:
2715:
2710:
2705:
2700:
2695:
2690:
2685:
2680:
2675:
2670:
2665:
2660:
2655:
2650:
2645:
2640:
2635:
2630:
2625:
2620:
2615:
2610:
2605:
2600:
2595:
2590:
2585:
2583:Pitjantjatjara
2580:
2575:
2570:
2565:
2560:
2555:
2549:
2544:
2539:
2534:
2529:
2524:
2519:
2514:
2509:
2504:
2499:
2494:
2489:
2484:
2479:
2474:
2469:
2464:
2459:
2454:
2449:
2444:
2439:
2434:
2429:
2424:
2419:
2414:
2409:
2404:
2399:
2394:
2389:
2384:
2379:
2374:
2369:
2364:
2359:
2354:
2349:
2344:
2339:
2334:
2329:
2324:
2319:
2314:
2309:
2304:
2299:
2294:
2289:
2284:
2279:
2274:
2269:
2264:
2259:
2254:
2249:
2244:
2239:
2234:
2229:
2224:
2219:
2214:
2209:
2204:
2199:
2194:
2189:
2184:
2179:
2174:
2169:
2164:
2159:
2154:
2149:
2144:
2139:
2133:
2131:
2127:
2126:
2117:
2115:
2114:
2107:
2100:
2092:
2085:
2084:
2074:
2050:
2035:
2008:
1984:
1931:
1922:
1904:
1891:
1882:
1868:
1862:
1845:
1839:
1826:
1799:
1767:
1754:
1745:
1723:
1712:
1700:
1679:
1677:
1674:
1672:
1671:
1669:, p. 260)
1658:
1656:, p. 260)
1645:
1633:
1621:
1609:
1594:
1582:
1570:
1558:
1546:
1534:
1532:, p. 185.
1522:
1505:
1485:
1473:
1448:
1439:
1404:
1390:
1360:
1334:
1322:
1307:
1295:
1279:"Noongar Lore"
1270:
1258:
1256:, p. 260.
1245:
1243:
1240:
1237:
1236:
1223:
1221:, p. 260)
1201:
1200:
1198:
1195:
1192:
1191:
1185:
1177:
1174:
1170:
1169:
1164:
1159:
1154:
1140:
1135:
1130:
1112:
1102:
1097:
1091:
1086:
1080:
1078:
1075:
1074:
1073:
1063:
1047:
1037:
1031:
1025:
1019:
1012:
989:
977:
960:
950:
940:
926:
899:
892:
878:
854:
851:
826:
825:
822:
819:
816:
813:
798:
797:
782:
772:
766:
748:
747:
740:
728:
717:Darling Ranges
702:
675:
672:
668:Mundaring Weir
587:Following the
546:Lake Joondalup
494:
491:
470:
467:
459:motorbike frog
455:
454:
438:
422:
394:
370:
342:
304:
301:
285:oral tradition
217:Moieties were
215:
214:
187:
139:
136:
84:Norman Tindale
79:
76:
61:
58:
48:region of the
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2895:
2884:
2881:
2879:
2876:
2875:
2873:
2857:
2854:
2852:
2849:
2847:
2844:
2842:
2839:
2837:
2834:
2832:
2829:
2827:
2824:
2821:
2820:
2816:
2810:
2807:
2805:
2802:
2800:
2797:
2796:
2794:
2790:
2784:
2781:
2779:
2776:
2774:
2771:
2769:
2766:
2764:
2761:
2759:
2756:
2754:
2751:
2749:
2746:
2744:
2741:
2739:
2736:
2734:
2731:
2729:
2726:
2724:
2721:
2719:
2716:
2714:
2711:
2709:
2706:
2704:
2701:
2699:
2696:
2694:
2691:
2689:
2686:
2684:
2681:
2679:
2676:
2674:
2671:
2669:
2666:
2664:
2661:
2659:
2656:
2654:
2651:
2649:
2646:
2644:
2641:
2639:
2636:
2634:
2631:
2629:
2626:
2624:
2621:
2619:
2616:
2614:
2611:
2609:
2606:
2604:
2601:
2599:
2596:
2594:
2591:
2589:
2586:
2584:
2581:
2579:
2576:
2574:
2571:
2569:
2566:
2564:
2561:
2559:
2556:
2553:
2550:
2548:
2545:
2543:
2540:
2538:
2535:
2533:
2530:
2528:
2525:
2523:
2520:
2518:
2515:
2513:
2510:
2508:
2505:
2503:
2500:
2498:
2495:
2493:
2490:
2488:
2485:
2483:
2480:
2478:
2475:
2473:
2470:
2468:
2465:
2463:
2460:
2458:
2455:
2453:
2450:
2448:
2445:
2443:
2440:
2438:
2437:Ngaatjatjarra
2435:
2433:
2432:Ngaanyatjarra
2430:
2428:
2425:
2423:
2420:
2418:
2415:
2413:
2410:
2408:
2405:
2403:
2400:
2398:
2395:
2393:
2390:
2388:
2385:
2383:
2380:
2378:
2375:
2373:
2370:
2368:
2365:
2363:
2360:
2358:
2355:
2353:
2350:
2348:
2345:
2343:
2340:
2338:
2335:
2333:
2330:
2328:
2325:
2323:
2320:
2318:
2315:
2313:
2310:
2308:
2305:
2303:
2300:
2298:
2295:
2293:
2290:
2288:
2285:
2283:
2280:
2278:
2275:
2273:
2270:
2268:
2265:
2263:
2260:
2258:
2255:
2253:
2250:
2248:
2245:
2243:
2240:
2238:
2237:Jabirr Jabirr
2235:
2233:
2230:
2228:
2225:
2223:
2220:
2218:
2215:
2213:
2210:
2208:
2205:
2203:
2200:
2198:
2195:
2193:
2190:
2188:
2185:
2183:
2180:
2178:
2175:
2173:
2170:
2168:
2165:
2163:
2160:
2158:
2155:
2153:
2150:
2148:
2145:
2143:
2140:
2138:
2135:
2134:
2132:
2128:
2124:
2120:
2113:
2108:
2106:
2101:
2099:
2094:
2093:
2090:
2081:
2077:
2071:
2067:
2063:
2059:
2055:
2051:
2047:
2040:
2036:
2031:
2026:
2022:
2018:
2014:
2009:
2005:
2001:
1997:
1990:
1985:
1981:
1977:
1973:
1969:
1965:
1961:
1957:
1953:
1949:
1946:
1942:
1941:
1936:
1932:
1928:
1923:
1919:
1912:
1911:
1905:
1901:
1897:
1892:
1888:
1883:
1879:
1878:
1873:
1869:
1865:
1859:
1855:
1851:
1846:
1842:
1836:
1832:
1827:
1823:
1819:
1815:
1808:
1804:
1800:
1795:
1790:
1786:
1782:
1781:
1773:
1768:
1764:
1760:
1755:
1751:
1746:
1742:
1738:
1734:
1733:
1728:
1724:
1717:
1713:
1709:
1705:
1701:
1689:
1685:
1681:
1680:
1675:
1668:
1662:
1659:
1655:
1649:
1646:
1642:
1637:
1634:
1630:
1625:
1622:
1618:
1613:
1610:
1606:
1601:
1599:
1595:
1591:
1586:
1583:
1579:
1574:
1571:
1568:, p. 32.
1567:
1562:
1559:
1555:
1550:
1547:
1543:
1538:
1535:
1531:
1526:
1523:
1519:
1514:
1512:
1510:
1506:
1502:
1501:
1496:
1495:
1489:
1486:
1482:
1477:
1474:
1462:
1458:
1452:
1449:
1443:
1440:
1435:
1431:
1427:
1426:
1421:
1415:
1413:
1411:
1409:
1405:
1393:
1391:0 646 12355 6
1387:
1380:
1379:
1371:
1369:
1367:
1365:
1361:
1349:
1345:
1338:
1335:
1331:
1326:
1323:
1319:
1314:
1312:
1308:
1305:, p. 11.
1304:
1299:
1296:
1284:
1280:
1274:
1271:
1267:
1262:
1259:
1255:
1250:
1247:
1241:
1233:
1227:
1224:
1220:
1216:
1212:
1206:
1203:
1196:
1194:
1189:
1186:
1183:
1180:
1179:
1175:
1173:
1168:
1165:
1163:
1160:
1158:
1155:
1152:
1151:Canning River
1148:
1144:
1141:
1139:
1136:
1134:
1133:Minnal Yungar
1131:
1128:
1124:
1120:
1116:
1113:
1110:
1106:
1103:
1101:
1098:
1095:
1094:Ilakuri wongi
1092:
1090:
1087:
1085:
1082:
1081:
1076:
1071:
1067:
1064:
1061:
1056:
1052:
1051:Perth Airport
1048:
1045:
1041:
1038:
1035:
1032:
1029:
1026:
1023:
1020:
1017:
1016:Perth Airport
1013:
1010:
1006:
1002:
998:
994:
990:
987:
983:
978:
976:
972:
968:
964:
961:
958:
954:
953:Bennett Brook
951:
948:
944:
941:
938:
934:
930:
927:
924:
920:
916:
912:
908:
904:
900:
897:
893:
890:
886:
882:
879:
876:
872:
868:
864:
860:
857:
856:
852:
850:
848:
844:
839:
835:
834:Broken Spears
831:
830:Neville Green
823:
820:
817:
814:
811:
807:
806:
805:
803:
795:
791:
786:
783:
780:
776:
773:
770:
767:
764:
763:Carnac Island
760:
757:
756:
755:
754:and culture.
753:
745:
741:
738:
734:
733:
729:
726:
722:
718:
714:
710:
706:
703:
700:
696:
692:
689:
688:
687:
685:
681:
673:
671:
669:
665:
661:
657:
653:
650:
646:
640:
638:
637:Perth Airport
634:
630:
626:
622:
618:
617:Lake Gnangara
614:
610:
606:
600:
598:
594:
590:
585:
583:
579:
575:
571:
570:Carnac Island
566:
561:
559:
555:
551:
547:
541:
539:
535:
531:
527:
523:
519:
515:
514:Garden Island
511:
507:
503:
498:
492:
490:
488:
484:
480:
476:
468:
466:
464:
460:
452:
448:
443:
439:
436:
432:
427:
423:
420:
416:
412:
408:
407:grey kangaroo
404:
403:Darling Scarp
399:
395:
392:
391:Moaning frogs
388:
384:
380:
375:
371:
368:
367:tuart forests
364:
360:
356:
352:
347:
343:
340:
336:
332:
328:
324:
320:
315:
311:
310:
309:
302:
300:
298:
294:
290:
286:
281:
279:
275:
271:
267:
262:
259:
253:
247:
241:
235:
231:, these were
229:
224:
220:
212:
207:
203:
198:
192:
188:
185:
180:
175:
171:
166:
160:
156:
155:
154:
152:
149:
145:
137:
135:
133:
129:
125:
121:
117:
113:
109:
105:
101:
100:Darling Scarp
97:
93:
89:
85:
77:
75:
72:
67:
59:
57:
55:
51:
47:
43:
39:
35:
31:
23:
19:
2768:Yindjibarndi
2697:
2643:Unggarranggu
2462:Ngarlawangga
2422:Nangatadjara
2357:Mandjildjara
2080:the original
2061:
2020:
2016:
1999:
1989:"Vocabulary"
1978:– via
1939:
1926:
1909:
1895:
1886:
1876:
1872:Grey, George
1849:
1830:
1817:
1784:
1778:
1762:
1749:
1731:
1694:13 September
1692:. Retrieved
1688:the original
1667:Tindale 1974
1661:
1654:Tindale 1974
1648:
1641:Delmege 2015
1636:
1624:
1612:
1605:Delmege 2005
1585:
1573:
1561:
1556:, p. ?.
1549:
1537:
1525:
1520:, p. 9.
1498:
1492:
1488:
1476:
1464:. Retrieved
1460:
1451:
1442:
1424:
1395:. Retrieved
1377:
1351:. Retrieved
1347:
1337:
1325:
1298:
1286:. Retrieved
1282:
1273:
1261:
1254:Tindale 1974
1249:
1226:
1219:Tindale 1974
1214:
1210:
1205:
1193:
1187:
1181:
1172:
1166:
1161:
1156:
1142:
1137:
1132:
1126:
1125:(south) and
1122:
1114:
1108:
1104:
1099:
1093:
1088:
1083:
1022:Nyibra Swamp
914:
905:building in
874:
870:
866:
863:Swan Brewery
858:
833:
832:in his book
827:
809:
801:
799:
749:
730:
713:Helena River
704:
697:, father of
690:
677:
660:Fanny Balbel
654:
645:John Forrest
641:
609:compensation
601:
586:
562:
542:
499:
496:
472:
456:
306:
282:
263:
249:, they were
243:and for the
216:
205:
173:
141:
92:Mount Helena
81:
63:
33:
29:
28:
18:
2623:Tjeraridjal
2618:Tjalkadjara
2532:Nyangumarta
2442:Ngadjunmaia
2377:Mardudunera
2017:M/C Journal
1590:Carter 1986
1481:Hallam 1974
1397:28 February
1353:28 February
1330:Hallam 1986
1288:19 February
1184:(white man)
1115:Minalnjunga
1070:Northbridge
1066:Weld Square
947:Daisy Bates
933:George Grey
881:Lake Monger
843:birth rates
838:death rates
794:New Zealand
709:Perth Water
695:Midgegooroo
656:Daisy Bates
593:Mount Eliza
582:Ken Colbung
574:Robert Lyon
565:Midgegooroo
558:George Grey
554:John Butler
538:Lake Monger
534:Mount Eliza
451:blue marron
363:Mallee fowl
351:sea-breezes
331:germination
274:Madtsoiidae
148:matrilineal
2872:Categories
2836:Queensland
2778:Yinikutira
2753:Yawijibaya
2658:Walmadjari
2628:Tjurabalan
2507:Njakinjaki
2472:Ngolibardu
2362:Mandjindja
2322:Maduwongga
2287:Kartudjara
2217:Ildawongga
2207:Gooniyandi
2167:Ballardong
1943:. London:
1787:: 83–108.
1741:Q128122479
1554:Green 1984
1434:Q128122479
1318:Green 1984
1303:Moore 1842
1266:Bates 1938
1176:Some words
1109:Karrakatta
1044:Indigenous
1028:Bibra Lake
999:people at
967:Swan River
907:East Perth
896:Swanbourne
871:Koyamulyup
859:Goonininup
737:Yellagonga
735:. Led by
621:Ellenbrook
522:Yellagonga
483:dreadlocks
469:Ceremonies
419:Malleefowl
383:zamia palm
379:fish traps
365:eggs from
268:, a water-
246:Wardungmat
219:endogamous
159:Wardungmat
88:Swan River
2773:Yingkarta
2668:Wariangga
2613:Tharrkari
2608:Thalandji
2588:Putidjara
2568:Pindjarup
2497:Nimanburu
2452:Ngarinjin
2427:Nangatara
2407:Murunitja
2307:Kurajarra
2292:Keiadjara
2277:Karajarri
2222:Inawongga
2192:Duulngari
2058:"Whadjuk"
1916:. Perth:
1542:Grey 1841
1242:Citations
1060:Eden Hill
986:Eden Hill
965:from the
943:Welshpool
937:Joondalup
915:Matagarup
847:vendettas
725:Mundaring
721:Kalamunda
629:Welshpool
584:in 1997.
487:Balardong
475:red ochre
442:Kambarang
335:marsupial
323:scrubland
258:Ballarruk
252:Nagarnook
228:Manitjmat
191:Manitjmat
132:Pindjarup
128:Balardong
96:Kalamunda
2851:Victoria
2846:Tasmania
2738:Wunambal
2728:Worrorra
2718:Wirdinya
2713:Wilawila
2678:Watjarri
2593:Spinifex
2563:Pindiini
2558:Pibelmen
2552:Perrakee
2547:Panyjima
2542:Nyulnyul
2487:Ngurrara
2467:Ngarluma
2392:Miriwung
2317:Madoitja
2262:Kalamaia
2232:Jaburara
2227:Inggarda
2172:Binigura
2162:Baiyungu
2152:Badimaya
2056:(1974).
1976:Q4656400
1972:Wikidata
1968:6549151M
1952:12028353
1937:(1842).
1874:(1841).
1805:(1886).
1737:Wikidata
1430:Wikidata
1190:(father)
1157:Witja:ri
1105:Karakata
1040:Gnangara
1034:Walyunga
982:mia-mias
929:Wanneroo
919:Burswood
885:Jolimont
867:Goodinup
828:Work by
810:Kuranyup
625:Jolimont
605:frontier
550:Wanneroo
502:Vlamingh
405:to hunt
289:Rottnest
240:Tondarup
234:Didarruk
223:sections
151:moieties
120:Pinjarra
104:Armadale
66:ethnonym
2878:Noongar
2792:History
2748:Yamatji
2733:Wudjari
2723:Wirngir
2708:Wiilman
2698:Whadjuk
2693:Wenamba
2648:Unggumi
2633:Tjuroro
2578:Pintupi
2537:Nyigina
2522:Noongar
2492:Niabali
2477:Ngombal
2397:Mirning
2367:Mangala
2347:Mandara
2342:Malngin
2337:Malgaru
2332:Malgana
2312:Kurrama
2282:Kariera
2272:Kaneang
2267:Kambure
2257:Kalaako
2212:Gugadja
2197:Dyiwali
2130:Peoples
1998:(ed.).
1960:5187310
1816:(ed.).
1708:AIATSIS
1676:Sources
1466:8 March
1162:Yooadda
1147:toponym
1100:Juadjuk
1009:Barnett
997:Noongar
909:and on
889:Innaloo
691:Beeliar
680:Canning
526:Crawley
506:whalers
447:gilgies
359:abalone
194:, from
184:lineage
165:wardung
162:, from
144:Noongar
112:Toodyay
98:on the
78:Country
38:Noongar
34:Witjari
30:Whadjuk
2763:Yeidji
2758:Yawuru
2688:Wanman
2683:Wangai
2673:Warrwa
2663:Wardal
2653:Waljen
2638:Umiida
2527:Nyamal
2517:Nokaan
2512:Njunga
2502:Ninanu
2482:Ngurlu
2457:Ngarla
2447:Ngalia
2412:Nakako
2387:Mineng
2302:Koreng
2242:Jadira
2182:Buruna
2177:Bunuba
2157:Bailgu
2137:Amangu
2072:
1974:
1966:
1958:
1950:
1860:
1837:
1739:
1432:
1388:
1215:/i:wat
1213:/'yuad
1188:mamman
1182:gengar
1167:Yooard
1143:Wadjup
1129:(man))
1127:njunga
1123:minang
1089:Derbal
957:Waugal
802:Djanga
705:Beeloo
532:or by
426:Djilba
411:tammar
398:Makuru
387:nardoo
385:nuts,
381:) and
374:Djeran
346:Bunuru
339:damper
327:canopy
270:python
208:) and
197:manitj
176:) and
126:, the
36:, are
2743:Wurla
2603:Tenma
2598:Tedei
2417:Nanda
2382:Martu
2352:Mandi
2297:Koara
2252:Jukun
2187:Djaru
2147:Bardi
2142:Arnga
2042:(PDF)
2023:(6).
1994:. In
1992:(PDF)
1914:(PDF)
1812:. In
1810:(PDF)
1775:(PDF)
1719:(PDF)
1382:(PDF)
1197:Notes
971:Perth
744:Weeip
732:Mooro
699:Yagan
518:Irwin
479:Uluru
314:Birak
266:Wagyl
168:(the
50:Perth
2783:Yued
2703:Widi
2573:Pini
2402:Miwa
2327:Maia
2247:Jawi
2202:Gija
2070:ISBN
1956:OCLC
1948:LCCN
1900:WAIT
1858:ISBN
1835:ISBN
1696:2009
1468:2024
1399:2024
1386:ISBN
1355:2024
1290:2024
1211:wada
1119:Yued
991:The
887:and
875:Boya
792:and
723:and
715:and
449:and
431:emus
409:and
319:burn
255:and
237:and
124:Yued
116:York
102:and
71:whad
64:The
60:Name
2121:of
2025:doi
1789:doi
1068:in
1053:in
639:).
293:BCE
211:mat
179:mat
153::
2874::
2068:.
2064:.
2060:.
2044:.
2021:18
2019:.
2015:.
1970:.
1964:OL
1962:.
1954:.
1898:.
1856:.
1852:.
1785:39
1783:.
1777:.
1761:.
1706:.
1597:^
1508:^
1503:).
1459:.
1407:^
1363:^
1346:.
1310:^
1281:.
670:.
627:,
623:,
540:.
433:,
417:.
299:.
261:.
204:,
172:,
56:.
2554:?
2111:e
2104:t
2097:v
2033:.
2027::
2006:.
1982:.
1920:.
1902:.
1866:.
1843:.
1824:.
1797:.
1791::
1765:.
1743:.
1698:.
1665:(
1652:(
1631:.
1619:.
1607:.
1592:.
1580:.
1544:.
1483:.
1470:.
1436:.
1401:.
1357:.
1332:.
1320:.
1292:.
1268:.
1153:)
1145:(
1117:(
988:.
925:.
891:.
796:.
765:.
746:.
701:.
341:.
200:(
182:(
40:(
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