22:
453:
3082:
304:
230:"—the practice in England has not always been considered so innocent. Similar traditions have also been traced to Greece and the country of Georgia. Wassailing was associated with rowdy bands of young men who would enter the homes of wealthy neighbours and demand free food and drink (in a manner similar to the modern children's
246:
beverage, without which the wassailers in the song will not leave; "We won't go until we get some, so bring some out here". Such complaints were also common in the early days of the United States, where the practice (and its negative connotations) had taken root by the early 1800s; it led to efforts
326:
to ensure a good harvest of fruit in autumn. The ceremonies of each wassail vary from village to village but they generally all have the same core elements. A wassail King and Queen lead the song and/or a processional tune played or sung from one orchard to the next. The wassail Queen will then be
495:
Alternatively however, many formal publications from the 1800s list the lyric simply as saying "maplin tree", without mentioning "white". Additionally, the lyric appears to have varied significantly depending on location and other factors, calling into question how literal the term was and/or how
444:, the spirit of the oldest apple tree in an orchard, and in whom the fertility of the orchard is thought to reside. In the tale a man offers his last mug of mulled cider to the trees in his orchard and is rewarded by the Apple Tree Man who reveals to him the location of buried gold.
269:(primarily the counties of Devon, Somerset, Dorset, Gloucestershire and Herefordshire) wassailing also refers to drinking (and singing) the health of trees in the hopes that they might better thrive. Wassailing is also a traditional event in
36:
487:, both of which do, and both of which have white-looking wood. This is reinforced by an 1890s written account from a man describing the wassailing bowl of his friend from Gloucestershire:
223:" can be made sense of. The carol lies in the English tradition where wealthy people of the community gave Christmas treats to the carol singers on Christmas Eve such as 'figgy puddings'.
398:
in North
Somerset holds an annual wassailing event at the Clevedon Community Orchard, combining the traditional elements of the festival with the entertainment and music of the Bristol
2333:
1159:
A Collection of
National English Airs Consisting of Ancient Song Ballad & Dance Tunes, Interspersed with Remarks and Anecdote, and Preceded by an Essay of English Minstrelsy
273:, Channel Islands where cider (cidre) made up the bulk of the economy before the 20th century. The format is much the same as that in England but with terms and songs often in
1203:
355:
This incantation is followed by noise-making from the assembled crowd until the gunsmen give a final volley through the branches. The crowd then moves onto the next orchard.
2328:
63:
in exchange for gifts; this practice still exists, but has largely been displaced by carol singing. The orchard-visiting wassail refers to the ancient custom of visiting
817:"Christmas Was Invented in New York: The strange but probably true tale of how Washington Irving and a few contemporaries created the modern holiday in the early 1800s"
1278:
226:
Although wassailing is often described in innocuous and sometimes nostalgic terms—still practised in some parts of
Scotland and Northern England on New Years Day as "
1226:
2284:
1255:
124:; literally meaning 'be in good health' or 'be fortunate'. It was initially used in the sense of 'hail' or 'farewell'. Later it developed into the first part of a
35:
2670:
2031:
797:
238:). If the householder refused, he was usually cursed, and occasionally his house was vandalized. The example of the exchange is seen in their demand for "
1929:
1760:
156:(variously on either 5 or 6 January). Some people still wassail on "Old Twelvey Night", 17 January, as it would have been before the introduction of the
3120:
816:
2264:
989:
59:
and the orchard-visiting wassail. The house-visiting wassail is the practice of people going door-to-door, singing and offering a drink from the
34:
1101:
2659:
2466:
1127:
2540:
2269:
1984:
1329:
2338:
2127:
1698:
1524:
879:
519:", with many spouts. As you attempt to drink from one of the spouts, you are drenched from another spout. The drink was either punch,
219:
This would be given in the form of the song being sung. Wassailing is the background practice against which an
English carol such as "
2600:
1211:
1059:
669:
2515:
335:
as a gift to the tree spirits (and to show the fruits created the previous year). Then an incantation is usually recited, such as:
464:
made a very elaborate one in the seventeenth century, decorated with silver. It is so large that it must have passed around as a "
2740:
2535:
2430:
2444:
1827:
1606:
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916:
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746:
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2152:
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1452:
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461:
220:
1071:
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1770:
1263:
985:
898:
dated 1909 at pages 25-26 written by an "old inhabitant" William Pursey of Street 1836-1919. This is the art of wassail.
627:
dated 1909 at pages 25-26 written by an "old inhabitant" William Pursey of Street 1836-1919. This is the art of wassail.
3502:
475:", the singers tell that their "bowl is made of the white maple tree, with a wassailing bowl we'll drink to thee". As
79:
and singing to the trees to promote a good harvest for the coming year. Notable traditional wassailing songs include "
382:. Many new, commercial or "revival" wassails have also been introduced throughout the West Country, such as those in
3464:† dagger indicates extinction. ° degree symbol indicates changes in date, name or location. ( ) indicate demographic
685:
Palmer, K.; Patten, R. W. (December 1971). "Some Notes on
Wassailing and Ashen Faggots in South and West Somerset".
3492:
3259:
1432:
2676:
2665:
2585:
2437:
2358:
2177:
1934:
1822:
1536:
1497:
719:
180:
106:
80:
40:
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2400:
2318:
2311:
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2097:
1519:
1351:
971:
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1817:
963:
491:
The bowl was one of those wooden sycamore or maple ones used to hold boiled potatoes on a farm kitchen table.
2640:
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1999:
1548:
1322:
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84:
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1889:
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872:
England in
Particular: A Celebration of the Commonplace, the Local, the Vernacular and the Distinctive
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celebrations, and by 1598 it was being applied to the custom of drinking healths on those nights.
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2026:
2021:
2004:
1964:
1472:
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1315:
850:
307:
An apple sapling, hung with toast, placed in a handcart and pushed around the streets during the
157:
3297:
332:
644:
Sussex
Entymology Doreathea Hurst, History and Antiquities of Horsham, Farncombe & Co, 1889
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199:
would give food and drink to the peasants in exchange for their blessing and goodwill, i.e.
21:
2715:
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612:
542:
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2014:
1974:
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1989:
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383:
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125:
88:
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1939:
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1032:. Wallingford, U.K.: The Centre for Agriculture and Bioscience International (CABI)
713:
661:
359:
281:
26:
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varied the construction of wassail bowls was. For example, a 1913 publication by
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as a form of recipient-initiated charitable giving, to be distinguished from
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311:
231:
110:
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2038:
460:
Wassail bowls, generally in the shape of goblets, have been preserved. The
327:
lifted up into the boughs of the tree where she will place toast soaked in
132:
1300, the sense had extended to the drink itself, especially to the spiced
3447:
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3057:
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1586:
1571:
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593:
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406:
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308:
247:
from the
American merchant class to promote a more sanitized Christmas.
3217:
2992:
2987:
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1797:
1636:
1576:
1442:
1012:
State-level distribution map from the North
American Plant Atlas (NAPA)
578:
547:
363:
328:
266:
243:
176:
172:
100:
72:
64:
60:
56:
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1954:
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168:
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does not grow natively in Europe, the lyric may be a reference to
451:
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367:
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302:
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68:
32:
20:
3416:
3207:
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1400:
1177:, London: John W. Parker and Son, West Strand, 1757, pp. 183–184
3102:
1311:
845:. The Golden Poets. London: Caxton Publishing Co. p. 190.
209:
133:
798:"Take Cheer: Christmas has Been Out of Control for Centuries"
440:
A folktale from
Somerset reflecting this custom tells of the
1307:
1174:
Ancient Poems Ballads and Songs of the Peasantry of England
1192:, London: John Camden Hotten, Chiswick Press, 1884, p. 150
358:
As the largest cider producing region of the country, the
190:
But we are friendly neighbours whom you have seen before.
1052:
A Field Guide to the Trees of Britain and Northern Europe
468:" so that many members of the guild could drink from it.
183:", when the wassailers inform the lord of the house that
55:) falls into two distinct categories: the house-visiting
109:, the word "wassail" originated as a borrowing from the
500:, who had recorded the lyric in 1909 by a wassailer in
605:
785:
English Christmas Carols - Christmas Songs of England
504:, recorded it as "green maple". Another version from
970:. In Burns, Russell M.; Honkala, Barbara H. (eds.).
422:
Apple tree, apple tree, we all come to wassail thee,
167:, the wassail was a reciprocal exchange between the
3440:
3321:
3227:
3172:
3141:
3011:
2980:
2927:
2901:
2880:
2759:
2704:
2691:
2489:
2384:
2295:
2126:
1848:
1769:
1680:
1557:
1411:
188:
we are not daily beggars that beg from door to door
1227:"Gloucestershire Wassail (Coll. Vaughan Williams)"
712:
424:Bear this year and next year to bloom and to blow,
747:"Wassailing! - Notes On The Songs And Traditions"
657:The Christmas Carolers' Book in Song & Story
426:Hat fulls, cap fulls, three cornered sack fills,
1014:. Biota of North America Program (BONAP). 2014.
841:Herrick, Robert (nd). Beeching, Henry C (ed.).
489:
419:
337:
289:
201:
185:
3114:
1323:
992:(USDA) – via Southern Research Station.
8:
613:Merriam-Webster Online Dictionary "Wassail."
152:Traditionally, the wassail is celebrated on
928:Briggs, Katharine and Tongue, Ruth (1965).
3121:
3107:
3099:
2701:
1330:
1316:
1308:
932:. University of Chicago Press. pp. 44–47.
362:hosts historic wassails annually, such as
318:The purpose of wassailing is to awake the
950:http://www.bmagic.org.uk/objects/1965T391
623:"Reminiscences of Life" in the parish of
894:"Reminiscences of Life in the parish of
296:For more or less fruits they will bring,
990:United States Department of Agriculture
637:
1204:"Wassail Song (coll Vaughan Williams)"
848:
2660:Yes, Virginia, there is a Santa Claus
1162:, London: Chappell, 1838, pp. 161–162
780:
778:
292:Wassail the trees, that they may bear
7:
952:Birmingham Museums & Art Gallery
870:Sue, Clifford; Angela, King (2006).
771:We Wish You a Merry Christmas Lyrics
733:participating institution membership
618:Birmingham Museums & Art Gallery
16:Christmas custom, originally English
1026:"CABI Invasive species compendium:
508:listed the bowl as being made from
287:writes in his poem "The Wassail":
179:. This point is made in the song "
14:
815:Fox, Justin (December 13, 2019).
796:Matt Crenson (22 December 2006).
751:www.hymnsandcarolsofchristmas.com
515:There are surviving examples of "
417:until they were "merry and gay":
405:Nineteenth-century wassailers of
3409:°: Ireland, Isle of Man, Wales (
3081:
3080:
2536:Christmas Day (Trading) Act 2004
2431:Old Santeclaus with Much Delight
471:In the English Christmas carol "
298:As you do give them wassailing.
294:You many a plum and many a pear:
1126:Kidson, Frank; Davies, Gwilym.
1078:. Scottish Wood. Archived from
874:. Saltyard Books. p. 528.
340:Here's to thee, old apple tree,
148:Wassailing during Christmastide
43:performed by the U.S. Army Band
2516:Bronner's Christmas Wonderland
2445:Christmas Day in the Workhouse
1828:Rudolph the Red-Nosed Reindeer
1607:Legend of the Christmas Spider
322:apple trees and to scare away
242:" and "good cheer", i.e., the
1:
2467:Christmas television specials
2366:The New Oxford Book of Carols
1453:Annunciation to the shepherds
699:10.1080/0015587X.1971.9716741
462:Worshipful Company of Grocers
378:, both on 17 January, or old
342:That blooms well, bears well.
221:We Wish You a Merry Christmas
129:
2521:Christmas and holiday season
1102:"Field maple_Woodland Trust"
986:United States Forest Service
962:Gabriel, William J. (1990).
911:. Pantheon Books. pp. 9–10.
654:Kvamme, Torstein O. (1935).
430:Holler biys, holler hurrah.
251:The Orchard-visiting Wassail
206:And to you your wassail too;
41:"Here we come a-wassailing"
3521:
3355:Dies Natalis Solis Invicti
1433:Adoration of the Shepherds
1256:"Wassail Song (Brockweir)"
909:An Encyclopedia of Fairies
907:Briggs, Katharine (1976).
254:
128:"wassail...drinkhail". By
98:
3461:
3076:
2677:WWE Tribute to the Troops
2438:A Visit from St. Nicholas
2359:The Oxford Book of Carols
1935:Feast of the Seven Fishes
1498:Massacre of the Innocents
1347:
1225:Vaughan Williams, Ralph.
1128:"Gloucestershire Wassail"
720:Oxford English Dictionary
607:Oxford English Dictionary
409:would sing the following
204:Love and joy come to you,
181:Here We Come A-wassailing
107:Oxford English Dictionary
81:Here We Come a-Wassailing
2479:Apollo 8 Genesis reading
1279:"Wassail Song Brockweir"
1050:Mitchell, A. F. (1974).
978:Silvics of North America
558:List of Christmas carols
456:Sharing the wassail bowl
101:Wassail § Etymology
2641:Small Business Saturday
2511:Black Friday (shopping)
2506:Black Friday (partying)
2000:Nine Lessons and Carols
1930:Events and celebrations
843:Poems of Robert Herrick
725:Oxford University Press
473:Gloucestershire Wassail
348:An' all under one tree.
346:Three bushel bags full,
85:Gloucestershire Wassail
2285:Post-War United States
498:Ralph Vaughan Williams
493:
457:
438:
428:Hip, Hip, Hip, hurrah,
353:
315:
301:
217:
212:bless you and send you
193:
71:-producing regions of
44:
30:
2334:Hit singles in the US
2329:Hit singles in the UK
1890:Carols by Candlelight
1818:Santa Claus' daughter
1426:Adoration of the Magi
1189:Songs of the Nativity
1186:Husk, William Henry.
896:Street, Somersetshire
625:Street, Somersetshire
455:
344:Hats full, caps full,
306:
280:17th-century English
122:hál wes þú or wes hál
39:
24:
3483:Christmas in England
3196:° (African American)
2626:Santa's Candy Castle
1950:Google Santa Tracker
1072:"Sycamore and maple"
930:Folktales of England
855:: CS1 maint: year (
517:puzzle wassail bowls
2631:Santa Claus Village
2546:Christmas Mountains
2452:Journey of the Magi
1458:Baptism of the Lord
1156:Chappell, William.
1138:on 28 November 2019
1082:on 27 November 2019
1076:All about hardwoods
1028:Acer pseudoplatanus
723:(Online ed.).
413:after drinking the
265:-producing West of
3503:English traditions
2741:Twelve-dish supper
2591:Jews and Christmas
2541:Christmas Lectures
2270:American Civil War
2005:NORAD Tracks Santa
1381:Saint Nicholas Day
1277:Wortley, Russell.
458:
316:
158:Gregorian Calendar
45:
31:
3493:Winter traditions
3470:
3469:
3465:
3347:: Roman Empire° (
3246:Deygān, Maidyarem
3096:
3095:
3072:
3071:
2736:Thirteen desserts
2656:Virginia O'Hanlon
2501:Advent Conspiracy
2415:Films (Christmas,
2407:A Christmas Carol
2352:Carols for Choirs
1895:Cavalcade of Magi
1875:Boar's Head Feast
1544:Star of Bethlehem
1515:Nativity of Jesus
1503:flight into Egypt
1388:St. Stephen's Day
1132:Gloschristmas.com
731:(Subscription or
236:trick-or-treating
214:a Happy New Year
197:lord of the manor
117:corresponding to
105:According to the
47:The tradition of
37:
3510:
3463:
3450:°: New Zealand (
3341:: Ancient Greece
3123:
3116:
3109:
3100:
3088:
3084:
3083:
2919:Redcurrant sauce
2708:
2702:
2697:
2671:Winter festivals
2421:Christmas horror
2388:
2299:
2130:
1985:Meals and feasts
1905:Christmas jumper
1852:
1823:Santa's reindeer
1775:
1721:Father Christmas
1685:
1642:Santa's workshop
1563:
1525:in later culture
1403:
1396:
1389:
1382:
1375:
1368:
1361:
1354:
1341:
1332:
1325:
1318:
1309:
1297:
1296:
1294:
1288:. Archived from
1283:
1274:
1268:
1267:
1262:. Archived from
1254:Davies, Gwilym.
1251:
1245:
1244:
1242:
1236:. Archived from
1231:
1222:
1216:
1215:
1210:. Archived from
1202:Davies, Gwilym.
1199:
1193:
1184:
1178:
1169:
1163:
1154:
1148:
1147:
1145:
1143:
1134:. Archived from
1123:
1117:
1116:
1114:
1113:
1104:. Archived from
1098:
1092:
1091:
1089:
1087:
1068:
1062:
1048:
1042:
1041:
1039:
1037:
1022:
1016:
1015:
1006:Acer saccharinum
1000:
994:
993:
982:Washington, D.C.
966:Acer saccharinum
959:
953:
947:
941:
926:
920:
905:
899:
892:
886:
885:
867:
861:
860:
854:
846:
838:
832:
831:
829:
827:
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806:
805:
793:
787:
782:
773:
768:
762:
761:
759:
757:
743:
737:
736:
728:
716:
709:
703:
702:
682:
676:
675:
651:
645:
642:
436:
350:Hurrah! Hurrah!
171:lords and their
131:
126:drinking formula
38:
3520:
3519:
3513:
3512:
3511:
3509:
3508:
3507:
3488:Christmas music
3473:
3472:
3471:
3466:
3457:
3436:
3387:Montol Festival
3317:
3288:Sanghamitta Day
3274:Makar Sankranti
3223:
3168:
3161:: West Africa (
3137:
3130:Winter solstice
3127:
3097:
3092:
3086:
3068:
3034:Pickled herring
3007:
2976:
2923:
2914:Cranberry sauce
2897:
2876:
2852:Red velvet cake
2837:Poppy seed roll
2755:
2706:
2695:
2693:
2687:
2666:White Christmas
2556:Christmas truce
2551:Christmas seals
2531:Christmas creep
2493:
2491:
2485:
2386:
2380:
2297:
2291:
2128:
2122:
1975:Lord of Misrule
1910:Christmas Peace
1860:Advent calendar
1850:
1844:
1793:Knecht Ruprecht
1773:
1771:
1765:
1687:
1683:
1676:
1565:
1561:
1553:
1478:Herod the Great
1413:
1407:
1401:
1394:
1387:
1380:
1373:
1366:
1359:
1352:
1343:
1339:
1336:
1306:
1301:
1300:
1292:
1281:
1276:
1275:
1271:
1253:
1252:
1248:
1240:
1229:
1224:
1223:
1219:
1201:
1200:
1196:
1185:
1181:
1170:
1166:
1155:
1151:
1141:
1139:
1125:
1124:
1120:
1111:
1109:
1100:
1099:
1095:
1085:
1083:
1070:
1069:
1065:
1049:
1045:
1035:
1033:
1024:
1023:
1019:
1002:
1001:
997:
980:. Vol. 2.
961:
960:
956:
948:
944:
927:
923:
906:
902:
893:
889:
882:
869:
868:
864:
847:
840:
839:
835:
825:
823:
814:
813:
809:
795:
794:
790:
783:
776:
769:
765:
755:
753:
745:
744:
740:
730:
711:
710:
706:
684:
683:
679:
672:
653:
652:
648:
643:
639:
634:
602:
529:
450:
437:
435:
432:
429:
427:
425:
423:
352:
349:
347:
345:
343:
341:
300:
297:
295:
293:
259:
253:
216:
213:
207:
205:
192:
189:
150:
103:
97:
33:
17:
12:
11:
5:
3518:
3517:
3514:
3506:
3505:
3500:
3495:
3490:
3485:
3475:
3474:
3468:
3467:
3462:
3459:
3458:
3456:
3455:
3444:
3442:
3438:
3437:
3435:
3434:
3424:
3414:
3404:
3398:
3384:
3374:
3364:
3358:
3357:: Roman Empire
3352:
3342:
3336:
3325:
3323:
3319:
3318:
3316:
3315:
3305:
3295:
3285:
3263:
3253:
3243:
3238:
3231:
3229:
3225:
3224:
3222:
3221:
3211:
3197:
3187:
3176:
3174:
3170:
3169:
3167:
3166:
3156:
3145:
3143:
3139:
3138:
3128:
3126:
3125:
3118:
3111:
3103:
3094:
3093:
3091:
3090:
3077:
3074:
3073:
3070:
3069:
3067:
3066:
3061:
3051:
3046:
3041:
3036:
3031:
3026:
3021:
3015:
3013:
3009:
3008:
3006:
3005:
3000:
2995:
2990:
2984:
2982:
2978:
2977:
2975:
2974:
2969:
2968:
2967:
2965:Smoking Bishop
2957:
2952:
2947:
2942:
2937:
2931:
2929:
2925:
2924:
2922:
2921:
2916:
2911:
2905:
2903:
2899:
2898:
2896:
2895:
2890:
2884:
2882:
2878:
2877:
2875:
2874:
2869:
2864:
2859:
2854:
2849:
2844:
2839:
2834:
2829:
2824:
2819:
2814:
2809:
2804:
2799:
2794:
2789:
2784:
2779:
2774:
2769:
2763:
2761:
2757:
2756:
2754:
2753:
2748:
2743:
2738:
2733:
2728:
2723:
2718:
2712:
2710:
2699:
2689:
2688:
2686:
2685:
2680:
2673:
2668:
2663:
2653:
2648:
2646:Super Saturday
2643:
2638:
2633:
2628:
2623:
2618:
2613:
2608:
2603:
2598:
2593:
2588:
2583:
2578:
2576:Giving Tuesday
2573:
2568:
2563:
2558:
2553:
2548:
2543:
2538:
2533:
2528:
2526:Christmas club
2523:
2518:
2513:
2508:
2503:
2497:
2495:
2487:
2486:
2484:
2483:
2482:
2481:
2476:
2464:
2463:
2462:
2455:
2448:
2441:
2434:
2424:
2412:
2411:
2410:
2403:
2392:
2390:
2382:
2381:
2379:
2378:
2377:
2376:
2373:Piae Cantiones
2369:
2362:
2355:
2345:
2339:Music charts (
2336:
2331:
2326:
2321:
2316:
2315:
2314:
2303:
2301:
2293:
2292:
2290:
2289:
2288:
2287:
2282:
2277:
2272:
2262:
2257:
2252:
2247:
2242:
2237:
2232:
2227:
2222:
2217:
2212:
2207:
2202:
2197:
2192:
2187:
2182:
2181:
2180:
2170:
2165:
2160:
2155:
2150:
2145:
2140:
2134:
2132:
2124:
2123:
2121:
2120:
2115:
2110:
2105:
2100:
2095:
2090:
2085:
2080:
2075:
2068:
2063:
2058:
2051:
2046:
2041:
2036:
2035:
2034:
2024:
2019:
2018:
2017:
2007:
2002:
1997:
1992:
1987:
1982:
1977:
1972:
1967:
1962:
1957:
1952:
1947:
1942:
1937:
1932:
1927:
1922:
1917:
1912:
1907:
1902:
1897:
1892:
1887:
1882:
1877:
1872:
1867:
1862:
1856:
1854:
1846:
1845:
1843:
1842:
1837:
1832:
1831:
1830:
1820:
1815:
1810:
1808:Père Fouettard
1805:
1800:
1795:
1790:
1785:
1779:
1777:
1774:Saint Nicholas
1767:
1766:
1764:
1763:
1758:
1753:
1748:
1743:
1738:
1733:
1728:
1726:Grandpa Indian
1723:
1718:
1713:
1708:
1703:
1702:
1701:
1694:Saint Nicholas
1690:
1688:
1681:
1678:
1677:
1675:
1674:
1669:
1664:
1659:
1654:
1649:
1644:
1639:
1634:
1632:Old Man Winter
1629:
1624:
1619:
1617:Miner's figure
1614:
1609:
1604:
1602:Kallikantzaros
1599:
1594:
1589:
1584:
1579:
1574:
1568:
1566:
1558:
1555:
1554:
1552:
1551:
1546:
1541:
1540:
1539:
1532:Nativity scene
1529:
1528:
1527:
1522:
1512:
1507:
1506:
1505:
1495:
1490:
1485:
1480:
1475:
1470:
1465:
1460:
1455:
1450:
1445:
1440:
1435:
1430:
1429:
1428:
1417:
1415:
1409:
1408:
1406:
1405:
1398:
1391:
1384:
1377:
1370:
1367:Children's Day
1363:
1356:
1353:Blue Christmas
1348:
1345:
1344:
1337:
1335:
1334:
1327:
1320:
1312:
1305:
1304:External links
1302:
1299:
1298:
1295:on 2019-11-27.
1269:
1266:on 2019-11-29.
1246:
1243:on 2019-10-31.
1217:
1214:on 2019-11-29.
1194:
1179:
1171:Bell, Robert.
1164:
1149:
1118:
1093:
1063:
1043:
1017:
995:
954:
942:
921:
900:
887:
881:978-0340826164
880:
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833:
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763:
738:
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693:(4): 281–291.
677:
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555:
550:
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540:
535:
528:
525:
523:or spicy ale.
481:sycamore maple
449:
446:
442:Apple Tree Man
433:
420:
338:
290:
285:Robert Herrick
255:Main article:
252:
249:
202:
186:
149:
146:
99:Main article:
96:
93:
51:(also spelled
25:Wassailers in
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3516:
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3428:
3425:
3422:
3418:
3415:
3412:
3408:
3405:
3402:
3399:
3396:
3393:°: Cornwall (
3392:
3388:
3385:
3382:
3378:
3375:
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3327:
3326:
3324:
3320:
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3299:
3296:
3293:
3290:: Sri Lanka (
3289:
3286:
3283:
3279:
3275:
3271:
3267:
3264:
3261:
3257:
3256:Dōngzhì, Tōji
3254:
3251:
3247:
3244:
3242:
3239:
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3233:
3232:
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3226:
3219:
3215:
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3188:
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3178:
3177:
3175:
3171:
3164:
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3150:
3147:
3146:
3144:
3140:
3135:
3131:
3124:
3119:
3117:
3112:
3110:
3105:
3104:
3101:
3089:
3079:
3078:
3075:
3065:
3062:
3059:
3055:
3052:
3050:
3047:
3045:
3042:
3040:
3037:
3035:
3032:
3030:
3027:
3025:
3022:
3020:
3017:
3016:
3014:
3012:Meat and fish
3010:
3004:
3001:
2999:
2996:
2994:
2991:
2989:
2986:
2985:
2983:
2979:
2973:
2970:
2966:
2963:
2962:
2961:
2958:
2956:
2953:
2951:
2950:Hot chocolate
2948:
2946:
2943:
2941:
2938:
2936:
2933:
2932:
2930:
2926:
2920:
2917:
2915:
2912:
2910:
2907:
2906:
2904:
2900:
2894:
2891:
2889:
2886:
2885:
2883:
2879:
2873:
2870:
2868:
2865:
2863:
2860:
2858:
2855:
2853:
2850:
2848:
2845:
2843:
2840:
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2830:
2828:
2825:
2823:
2820:
2818:
2815:
2813:
2810:
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2800:
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2795:
2793:
2790:
2788:
2785:
2783:
2780:
2778:
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2765:
2764:
2762:
2758:
2752:
2749:
2747:
2744:
2742:
2739:
2737:
2734:
2732:
2729:
2727:
2724:
2722:
2719:
2717:
2714:
2713:
2711:
2709:
2703:
2700:
2698:
2690:
2684:
2681:
2679:
2678:
2674:
2672:
2669:
2667:
2664:
2661:
2657:
2654:
2652:
2651:Ugly sweaters
2649:
2647:
2644:
2642:
2639:
2637:
2634:
2632:
2629:
2627:
2624:
2622:
2619:
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2612:
2609:
2607:
2604:
2602:
2599:
2597:
2594:
2592:
2589:
2587:
2584:
2582:
2579:
2577:
2574:
2572:
2569:
2567:
2564:
2562:
2561:Controversies
2559:
2557:
2554:
2552:
2549:
2547:
2544:
2542:
2539:
2537:
2534:
2532:
2529:
2527:
2524:
2522:
2519:
2517:
2514:
2512:
2509:
2507:
2504:
2502:
2499:
2498:
2496:
2488:
2480:
2477:
2475:
2474:
2470:
2469:
2468:
2465:
2460:
2456:
2453:
2449:
2446:
2442:
2440:
2439:
2435:
2432:
2428:
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2425:
2422:
2419:
2416:
2413:
2409:
2408:
2404:
2402:
2399:
2398:
2397:
2396:In literature
2394:
2393:
2391:
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2383:
2375:
2374:
2370:
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2294:
2286:
2283:
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2266:
2265:United States
2263:
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2149:
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2141:
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2109:
2106:
2104:
2101:
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2076:
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2029:
2028:
2025:
2023:
2020:
2016:
2013:
2012:
2011:
2008:
2006:
2003:
2001:
1998:
1996:
1995:Moravian star
1993:
1991:
1990:Midnight Mass
1988:
1986:
1983:
1981:
1978:
1976:
1973:
1971:
1968:
1966:
1963:
1961:
1958:
1956:
1953:
1951:
1948:
1946:
1943:
1941:
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1923:
1921:
1918:
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1913:
1911:
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1906:
1903:
1901:
1898:
1896:
1893:
1891:
1888:
1886:
1883:
1881:
1880:Candle arches
1878:
1876:
1873:
1871:
1870:Advent wreath
1868:
1866:
1865:Advent candle
1863:
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1772:Companions of
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1707:
1704:
1700:
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1695:
1692:
1691:
1689:
1686:
1684:Gift-bringers
1679:
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1665:
1663:
1660:
1658:
1655:
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1549:Twelfth Night
1547:
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1535:
1534:
1533:
1530:
1526:
1523:
1521:
1518:
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1516:
1513:
1511:
1510:Nativity Fast
1508:
1504:
1501:
1500:
1499:
1496:
1494:
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1481:
1479:
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1471:
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1468:Christmastide
1466:
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1459:
1456:
1454:
1451:
1449:
1446:
1444:
1443:Angel Gabriel
1441:
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1434:
1431:
1427:
1424:
1423:
1422:
1421:Biblical Magi
1419:
1418:
1416:
1410:
1404:
1399:
1397:
1392:
1390:
1385:
1383:
1378:
1376:
1374:Christmas Eve
1371:
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1357:
1355:
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1328:
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1198:
1195:
1191:
1190:
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1129:
1122:
1119:
1108:on 2010-09-13
1107:
1103:
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1060:0-00-212035-6
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502:Herefordshire
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448:Wassail bowls
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28:
23:
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3427:Ziemassvētki
3391:Mummer's Day
3298:Şeva Zistanê
3024:Gefilte fish
2972:Ponche crema
2807:Melomakarono
2675:
2566:Cyber Monday
2471:
2436:
2405:
2371:
2364:
2357:
2350:
2347:Music books
2340:
2178:Nazi Germany
2102:
2070:
2066:Secret Santa
2053:
1940:Flying Santa
1647:Tió de Nadal
1597:Korvatunturi
1448:Annunciation
1414:Christianity
1395:Sol Invictus
1290:the original
1286:Glostrad.com
1285:
1272:
1264:the original
1260:Glostrad.com
1259:
1249:
1238:the original
1234:Glostrad.com
1233:
1220:
1212:the original
1208:Glostrad.com
1207:
1197:
1188:
1182:
1173:
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1136:the original
1131:
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1106:the original
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1080:the original
1075:
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1027:
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820:
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750:
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690:
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662:Alfred Music
656:
649:
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620:Wassail Bowl
606:
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360:West Country
357:
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324:evil spirits
317:
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234:practice of
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77:incantations
61:wassail bowl
52:
48:
46:
27:Shirehampton
18:
3381:Anglo-Saxon
3379:: England (
3363:°: Scotland
3250:Zoroastrian
3214:We Tripantu
3039:Roast goose
2960:Mulled wine
2940:Champurrado
2935:Apple cider
2909:Bread sauce
2862:Szaloncukor
2842:Pumpkin pie
2792:Gingerbread
2746:Smörgåsbord
2387:Other media
2225:Philippines
2215:New Zealand
2098:Twelve Days
2055:Räuchermann
2010:Nutcrackers
1960:Las Posadas
1920:Decorations
1900:Christingle
1840:Zwarte Piet
1835:Snegurochka
1756:Sinterklaas
1706:Santa Claus
1142:28 November
1030:(sycamore)"
573:Julebukking
521:mulled wine
485:field maple
477:white maple
165:Middle Ages
119:Old English
113:salutation
75:, reciting
3477:Categories
3429:: Baltic (
3407:Wren's Day
3401:Saturnalia
3260:East Asian
3180:Inti Raymi
3159:Dzon'ku Nu
2767:Candy cane
2716:Joulupöytä
2616:Pikkujoulu
2280:New Mexico
2129:By country
2103:Wassailing
2044:Poinsettia
1851:Traditions
1803:Mrs. Claus
1783:Belsnickel
1736:Julemanden
1731:Joulupukki
1662:Wenceslaus
1627:North Pole
1592:Jack Frost
1582:Christkind
1537:Neapolitan
1360:Boxing Day
1112:2010-08-24
1054:. Collins
938:0226074943
917:0394409183
735:required.)
600:References
543:Jasličkári
538:First-foot
466:loving cup
400:Morris Men
372:Carhampton
333:Clayen Cup
282:lyric poet
115:ves heill,
53:wasselling
49:wassailing
3377:Mōdraniht
3349:Christian
3345:Christmas
3235:Amaterasu
3216:: Chile (
3194:Caribbean
3182:°: Peru (
3136:festivals
3134:midwinter
3054:Tourtière
3044:Romeritos
2981:Dumplings
2928:Beverages
2832:Pecan pie
2822:Panettone
2817:Pampushka
2812:Mince pie
2787:Fruitcake
2731:Réveillon
2611:NFL games
2606:NBA games
2601:In August
2571:Economics
2341:Billboard
2195:Indonesia
2138:Australia
2113:Yule goat
2088:Stockings
2022:Ornaments
1751:Père Noël
1746:Olentzero
1741:Noel Baba
1716:Ded Moroz
1672:Yule Lads
1612:Mari Lwyd
1463:Bethlehem
1340:Christmas
973:Hardwoods
851:cite book
821:Bloomberg
756:7 January
714:"wassail"
589:Yule goat
584:Wish tree
563:Mari Lwyd
533:Apple Day
506:Brockweir
331:from the
312:Mari Lwyd
232:Halloween
160:in 1752.
111:Old Norse
95:Etymology
29:, Bristol
3448:Matariki
3421:Germanic
3367:Korochun
3361:Hogmanay
3339:Brumalia
3310:: Iran (
3292:Buddhist
3190:Jonkonnu
3173:Americas
3151:: Mali (
3087:Category
3058:meat pie
3049:Stuffing
3003:Varenyky
2872:Yule log
2847:Qurabiya
2721:Julebord
2694:Food and
2621:SantaCon
2586:El Gordo
2473:Yule Log
2245:Scotland
2158:Ethiopia
2143:Colombia
2118:Yule log
2072:Spanbaum
2049:Pyramids
1915:Crackers
1813:Sack Man
1699:folklore
1667:Yule cat
1572:Badalisc
1562:folklore
1473:Epiphany
988:(USFS),
687:Folklore
594:Polaznik
553:Koledari
527:See also
510:mulberry
434:—
407:Somerset
396:Clevedon
388:Sandford
376:Somerset
309:Chepstow
275:Jèrriais
173:peasants
136:used in
87:", and "
65:orchards
3441:Oceania
3312:Persian
3302:Kurdish
3241:Choimus
3237:: Japan
3218:Mapuche
2993:Pierogi
2988:Hallaca
2893:Borscht
2857:Stollen
2827:Pavlova
2802:Makówki
2782:Cozonac
2751:Wigilia
2636:Scrooge
2596:In July
2494:society
2426:Poetry
2260:Ukraine
2235:Romania
2200:Ireland
2190:Iceland
2185:Hungary
2173:Germany
2163:Finland
2153:England
2148:Denmark
2108:Windows
2039:Piñatas
2027:Parades
1980:Markets
1965:Letters
1955:Hampers
1798:Krampus
1637:Perchta
1577:Caganer
1086:6 March
579:Wassail
548:Koliada
364:Whimple
329:Wassail
267:England
261:In the
244:wassail
177:begging
163:In the
73:England
57:wassail
3431:Romuva
3403:: Rome
3322:Europe
3270:Pongal
3202:: US (
3163:Papaws
3142:Africa
3064:Turkey
2998:Tamale
2955:Kissel
2945:Eggnog
2902:Sauces
2888:Menudo
2867:Turrón
2777:Cookie
2760:Sweets
2726:Kūčios
2707:Dinner
2581:Grinch
2492:modern
2459:Tomten
2418:Santa,
2401:novels
2319:Operas
2307:Carols
2275:Hawaii
2255:Sweden
2250:Serbia
2240:Russia
2230:Poland
2220:Norway
2210:Mexico
2168:France
2083:Stamps
2078:Szopka
1970:Lights
1925:Didukh
1761:Others
1711:Befana
1657:Vertep
1520:in art
1488:Joseph
1438:Advent
1058:
1036:18 May
936:
915:
878:
668:
411:lyrics
314:, 2014
271:Jersey
169:feudal
3498:Cider
3452:Māori
3411:Celts
3395:Celts
3371:Slavs
3333:Saami
3329:Beiwe
3308:Yalda
3282:Hindu
3278:India
3266:Lohri
3200:Soyal
3153:Dogon
2797:Kutia
2696:drink
2324:Songs
2298:Music
2205:Italy
2061:Seals
2015:dolls
1945:Gifts
1885:Cards
1788:Elves
1652:Turoń
1622:Nisse
1587:Grýla
1483:Jesus
1293:(PDF)
1282:(PDF)
1241:(PDF)
1230:(PDF)
729:
632:Notes
415:cider
392:Devon
368:Devon
320:cider
263:cider
69:cider
3419:°: (
3417:Yule
3369:°: (
3248:°: (
3228:Asia
3208:Hopi
3204:Zuni
3184:Inca
3149:Goru
3132:and
3019:Carp
2881:Soup
2772:Cake
2683:Xmas
2312:list
2093:Tree
2032:list
1493:Mary
1402:Yule
1144:2019
1088:2016
1056:ISBN
1038:2016
934:ISBN
913:ISBN
876:ISBN
857:link
828:2019
758:2016
666:ISBN
386:and
370:and
208:And
195:The
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