27:
410:
1593:
1552:
1527:
1502:
550:
251:
328:
319:
levels of congestion and blockades on the streets of Boston), and a general improvement in service would be achieved as a result. In remarks made to stockholders shortly after the merger, Whitney himself defended consolidation on the grounds that "the blockades occurring on the principal thoroughfares" in Boston had reached the point of requiring a remedy, and that "if had not taken hold of this matter the city would surely have done something ."
502:
considered the charter to be incompatible with their interests, in part due to the perceived impracticality of the Meigs system and the prohibition on emulating the
Manhattan design. The board accordingly turned down an offer to acquire the Boston Elevated for $ 150,000, preferring instead to focus on existing operations and prepare for the upcoming opening of the subway.
298:
interests. Whitney and his associates therefore decided to carry out a much more ambitious strategy, in which they would acquire a majority of the stock of each of the established railways and unite them under common ownership. Within a short time they were able to achieve a controlling interest in all four of the principal companies, and in June 1887 the
564:
In 1911, the state legislature authorized the purchase and merger of the West End by the Boston
Elevated upon the expiration of the lease term. Upon the event of merger, holders of preferred and common stock in the West End would exchange their shares at par for an equal amount of stock in the Boston
396:
By the end of 1892, electric trolleys accounted for two-thirds of total car mileage, while by 1894 they constituted over ninety percent of the total. Just five horsecar routes remained by the end of 1895. By the time the final pair (on
Marlborough Street in the Back Bay) were discontinued on December
302:
granted the West End a dispensation to unite with any other streetcar company operating in Boston. After some more months of negotiations, consolidation was completed in
November 1887, in which shareholders of the four companies turned in their existing shares and in exchange received varying amounts
188:
Originally an offshoot of a land development venture, the West End rose to prominence when it merged several independent streetcar companies into a single organization, and over the next decade it was the primary operator of public street transit within the Boston area. During this time, the company
417:
One of the largest challenges facing the West End during its history was in dealing with a massive rise in passenger usage, which resulted in ever-increasing levels of congestion on Boston city streets during the 1880s and 1890s. At first the management of the West End were slow in their efforts to
318:
Initial public reaction to consolidation was mixed, with detractors raising concerns that it would set the stage for the creation of a monopoly. For their part, proponents argued that the move would put an end to the inefficiencies of having competing railways (which had been held to blame for high
225:
chartered the West End Land
Company and purchased some five million square feet of land in Brookline along the line of a proposed boulevard, with the intent of developing the tracts into a high-grade residential neighborhood. In conjunction with the development plans, Whitney proposed to create the
529:
In June 1897, the state legislature authorized the lines and property of the West End to be leased to and operated by the Boston
Elevated. The initial lease was initially for a 99-year term, under which shareholders of West End common stock would receive a fixed annual dividend of 8%. After this
501:
Within a year of Boston
Elevated's incorporation, the group behind it realized that they would be unable to raise sufficient capital to develop their proposed railway, and attempted to sell their charter off to a variety of parties, including the West End. The directors of the West End, however,
310:
As a result of the consolidation, the West End was transformed into one of the largest street railway companies in the world, bringing some two hundred miles of track under single ownership. The move also created the first unified public transit system in a major
American city, with nearly all
297:
Originally, the West End intended to coordinate operations with the principal companies in order to gain access to the Boston downtown; these efforts were however stymied by the directors of the
Metropolitan and the Cambridge, who feared that the new organization represented a threat to their
445:
Another idea for reducing congestion, a subway or tunnel line, was considered by the West End as early as 1887, but over the next few years it was unable to develop a serious workable proposal on this front. By the mid-1890s it was decided that the issue was best left to the state and local
438:. In December of that year, however, preliminary work on the line was halted in the face of opposition by various parties, and from there the project eventually stalled out. Other proposals for the West End, including a highly controversial idea for a rail running through the
534:
in
November 1897, the term was shortened to 25 years and the dividend rate was reduced to 7%. The modified lease was approved by the shareholders of the West End on December 9, 1897, and ratification by the board of railroad commissioners was received on December 18.
505:
The rejection of the purchase provoked disagreement among the shareholders of the West End, and a faction of investors who were in favor of the elevated railway system decided to take action against the board's decision. The group, which included
315:) being operated by the company as a result. In the first ten months following consolidation the company reported a rider count of 85 million, while in its first full year of operations (FY 1888-89) the system carried over 104 million passengers.
485:
was incorporated with a charter to develop a system of rapid transit routes within the greater Boston area. Among the group of investors in the new company was Josiah V. Meigs, the inventor of an experimental steam-powered monorail known as the
462:), for a period of twenty years upon completion. Under the terms of the lease, the company was to pay 4.875% per year on the lesser of $ 7,000,000 or the actual cost of the tunnel, with additional compensation to be owed based on volume of use.
339:
Following the completion of consolidation, the West End began to pursue the possibility of electrifying the system in order to improve performance and cut operating costs. To assess the practicality of mechanization, Whitney and general manager
237:
In order to build and operate the railway line, Whitney and the syndicate chartered the West End Street Railway on January 22, 1887. The West End also secured other locations in Brookline, and before long both it and a sister organization, the
526:, the Kidder-Morgan faction managed to gain control of the board at the annual shareholders' meeting in November 1896, and a short time afterwards plans were formed to lease the West End system to the Boston Elevated on a long-term basis.
429:
to provide rapid transit into central Boston. In July 1890 the state legislature passed a measure authorizing the company to construct elevated railroads, and three months later Whitney unveiled a plan for a main line running between
368:
for power, but the latter was quickly abandoned when found to be impractical. After conducting test runs in late 1888, a line running between Boston and Brookline was opened on the first day of 1889, while a second line to
356:
in the country. The success of the Richmond system convinced Whitney and Longstreet of the benefits of electrification, and the West End soon afterwards contracted with Sprague to build an experimental line in Boston.
393:. Horsecars would stop at any point upon passenger request, which became impractical with increased service; as lines were electrified, the West End designated stopping points with white-painted bands on poles.
490:. The charter enabled the company to construct an elevated railway based either on the Meigs plan or an alternate approved design, but excluded any designs that were based on the existing
258:
At the time of the West End's formation, horsecar service in the Boston area was divided between several independent railway companies, with the four principal ones being the
2376:
2386:
274:. Each of these principal railways enjoyed a virtual monopoly in a particular area of the metro (with the Metropolitan being dominant in lower, western &
373:
commenced operations on February 16. Within a few months the company was prepared to make electrification general and a contract was executed with the
230:
from Boston, with two wide roadways and a central reservation for a future street railway line. Approval for the boulevard was granted by a Brookline
26:
2391:
386:
418:
address the issue, but in order to head off potential competition from rival companies they eventually offered several proposals for establishing
2396:
2381:
522:, quickly acquired a controlling interest in the Boston Elevated and attempted to do the same with the West End. Following a highly-publicized
2198:
2107:
1944:
153:
2361:
West End Street Railway, Cleveland Circle Car House, Chestnut Hill Avenue & Beacon Street vicinity, Brookline, Norfolk County, MA
2066:
2025:
2005:
531:
454:
in central Boston. In December 1896 the West End signed an agreement with the Transit Commission to lease the tunnel, known as the
374:
353:
2356:
287:
1615:
259:
242:, were granted locations in Boston to provide connections with the lines of other streetcar companies operating in the city.
40:
886:
The above excludes passenger numbers from free transfer passengers, as well as miles run by/revenue from U.S. Mail cars.
294:
peninsula), from which they would transport passengers to a series of several shared terminuses within the central city.
466:
136:
442:, were similarly never carried out, and ultimately no elevated or dedicated lines were put into place by the company.
299:
231:
435:
491:
378:
365:
217:
The original purpose of the West End was to provide service to a speculative land venture in western Boston and
447:
370:
312:
279:
218:
515:
470:
239:
189:
maintained one of the largest street railway systems in the world, the first unified streetcar system in the
544:
482:
201:
107:
1592:
1551:
1526:
1501:
2119:
Moody's Manuel of Railroads and Corporation Securities: Twenty-Third Annual Number, Public Utility Section
549:
487:
431:
409:
222:
131:
455:
271:
52:
558:
341:
2147:
398:
250:
2329:
2289:
2269:
2219:
2127:
2076:
2035:
1974:
1954:
1913:
283:
345:
267:
263:
200:
The West End remained in independent operation until 1897, when it leased its entire line to the
48:
44:
327:
2194:
2103:
2062:
2021:
2001:
1940:
1611:
465:
During this period, Whitney stepped down as president in September 1893 and was replaced with
459:
332:
1581:
1540:
1515:
1490:
2249:
2167:
511:
507:
426:
304:
194:
2190:
The Hub's Metropolis: Greater Boston's Development from Railroad Suburbs to Smart Growth
1997:
Moving the Masses: Urban Public Transit in New York, Boston, and Philadelphia, 1880-1912
451:
413:
A long procession of streetcars near the corner of Tremont and Park streets, circa 1895
119:
16:
Former streetcar company serving the Boston metro area, Massachusetts, USA (1887-1922)
2370:
1903:
495:
439:
419:
390:
361:
349:
227:
190:
1936:
The Papers of Frederick Law Olmsted, Volume VIII: The Early Boston Years, 1882-1890
291:
1933:
Beveridge, Charles E.; Carr, Ethan; Gagel, Amanda; Shapiro, Michael, eds. (2013).
2319:
2309:
2239:
2209:
2188:
2117:
2097:
2056:
2015:
1995:
1934:
1893:
1883:
568:
The company was formally consolidated into the Boston Elevated on June 10, 1922.
1905:
Acts and Resolves Passed by the General Court of Massachusetts, in the Year 1897
1895:
Acts and Resolves Passed by the General Court of Massachusetts, in the Year 1890
1885:
Acts and Resolves Passed by the General Court of Massachusetts, in the Year 1887
523:
519:
275:
397:
24, 1900, the only other horsecar operation in the state was a short line at
254:
Map of the West End system (bolded) in 1892, a few years after consolidation
2360:
450:
was designated to build a subway for trolley cars running underneath
182:
185:
and several surrounding communities in the late nineteenth century.
2321:
West End Street Railway Company: [Annual] Reports, 4th-35th
2036:"Fight for Supremacy - West End Stockholders Have a Lively Meeting"
553:
Share of the West End Street Railway Company, issued 4 January 1922
2311:
West End Street Railway Company: [Annual] Reports, 1st-3rd
2000:. Cambridge (Massachusetts) and London: Harvard University Press.
557:
In 1900, Samuel Little resigned as president and was succeeded by
548:
408:
326:
249:
1975:"Central Labor Union - Bitterly Opposed to the West End Railroad"
204:. It was formally consolidated into the Boston Elevated in 1922.
2148:"New Lease Ratified - Railroad Commissioners Approve as Amended"
178:
1866:
1850:
1568:
1294:
234:
in March 1887, and construction was commenced that same year.
1914:"Battle is Over - West End Fight Won by Kidder-Morgan People"
1842:
1418:
385:, in which he imagined the streetcars being propelled by the
377:
to equip the entire West End system. The conversion inspired
2363:", 1 photo, 1 data page, 1 photo caption page
2102:. Bloomington & Indianapolis: Indiana University Press.
2017:
Fifty Years of Unified Transportation in Metropolitan Boston
2077:"Important Stage - Contest Pending for Control of West End"
2128:"Morgan Road Now - Big Banker Said to Possess the Meigs L"
1658:
1588:. December 20, 1900. p. 2 – via Newspapers.com.
1497:. December 1, 1895. p. 32 – via Newspapers.com.
2096:
Middleton, William D.; Middleton III, William D. (2009).
1806:
1547:. October 21, 1891. p. 6 – via Newspapers.com.
1522:. October 13, 1891. p. 9 – via Newspapers.com.
1390:
1326:
31:
West End railway car along Centre Street, Roxbury in 1897
2099:
Frank Julian Sprague: Electrical Inventor and Engineer
1474:
1406:
1342:
2241:
Second Annual Report of the Public Service Commission
1678:
1454:
1610:. Boston Street Railway Association. pp. 6, 9.
344:
made exploratory visits to several cities including
2193:. Cambridge (Massachusetts) and London: MIT Press.
1754:
1726:
1442:
311:streetcar service in Boston (excepting that of the
221:. In the mid-1880s a syndicate of investors led by
151:
143:
125:
113:
103:
95:
77:
59:
36:
1790:
1608:Tremont Street Subway: A Century of Public Service
383:The Broomstick Train, or The Return of the Witches
2244:. Vol. 2. Boston: Wright & Potter. 1915.
2020:. Boston: Boston Elevated Railway Company. 1938.
1770:
1646:
1386:
2211:The Street Railway System of Metropolitan Boston
1750:
1746:
1758:
425:Initially, the West End attempted to build an
1939:. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press.
1710:
1306:
532:Massachusetts Board of Railroad Commissioners
360:At first, the company experimented with both
8:
19:
1830:
1818:
1802:
1786:
1742:
1722:
1706:
1674:
1634:
1606:Clarke, Bradley H.; Cummings, O.R. (1997).
1466:
1354:
1322:
2377:Massachusetts Bay Transportation Authority
1955:"Boston's "L:" West End Unfolds Its Plans"
1485:
1483:
469:, a former organizer and treasurer of the
446:authorities to handle, and eventually the
422:lines to relieve traffic within the city.
25:
18:
2387:Tram, urban railway and trolley companies
2314:. Boston: Wright & Potter. 1888–1890.
1867:West End 4th-35th Reports & 1891-1922
1851:West End 4th-35th Reports & 1891-1922
1569:West End 4th-35th Reports & 1891-1922
1295:West End 4th-35th Reports & 1891-1922
354:the first practical electric trolley line
1434:
1382:
888:
575:
1287:
2058:History of the West End Street Railway
1782:
1738:
1702:
1690:
1670:
1630:
1564:
1470:
1438:
1402:
1378:
1366:
1330:
1430:
1318:
405:Elevated railway and subway proposals
335:for the electric lines, built 1889-91
7:
2357:Historic American Engineering Record
2122:. New York: Poor's Publishing. 1922.
1908:. Boston: Wright & Potter. 1887.
1898:. Boston: Wright & Potter. 1890.
1888:. Boston: Wright & Potter. 1887.
1029:Open Cars, Electric, 7 or 8 benches
514:and which was financially backed by
2168:"New President of West End Railway"
1009:Box Cars, Electric, 25-foot bodies
989:Box Cars, Electric, 20-foot bodies
969:Box Cars, Electric, 16-foot bodies
1843:West End 1st-3rd Reports 1888–1890
1475:Middleton & Middleton III 2009
1419:West End 1st-3rd Reports 1888–1890
1407:Middleton & Middleton III 2009
14:
2208:Pinanski, Abraham Edward (1908).
1591:
1550:
1525:
1500:
1069:Open Cars, Electric, 10 benches
375:Thomson-Houston Electric Company
2392:Defunct Massachusetts railroads
1049:Open Cars, Electric, 9 benches
300:Massachusetts state legislature
278:, the Cambridge in the area of
165:Footnotes / references
20:West End Street Railway Company
2324:. Boston: Multiple. 1891–1922.
2214:. New York: McGraw Publishing.
1807:New President of West End 1900
1391:Public Service Commission 1915
389:with their broomsticks as the
290:, and the South Boston in the
1:
2397:Rail transportation in Boston
2382:Streetcars in the Boston area
2055:Hager, Louis P., ed. (1892).
530:proposal was rejected by the
458:(now the central part of the
331:Central power station in the
226:boulevard as an extension of
159:$ 2,505,323.22 (FY 1897)
147:$ 8,719,031.78 (FY 1897)
2187:O'Connell, James C. (2013).
477:Lease to the Boston Elevated
1994:Cheape, Charles W. (1980).
1571:, 1893: p. 19; 1895: p. 17.
1421:, 1888: p. 12; 1889: p. 12.
1343:Whitney Wins a Victory 1887
197:system in a major US city.
2413:
2061:. Boston: Louis P. Hager.
1679:West End Calls a Halt 1890
1455:West End Stockholders 1887
542:
1705:, pp. 124, 126 ff.;
1633:, pp. 120 ff., 124;
921:
918:
913:
910:
907:
905:
901:
898:
891:
585:
580:
516:Kidder, Peabody & Co.
448:Boston Transit Commission
379:Oliver Wendell Holmes Sr.
181:company that operated in
163:
24:
2359:(HAER) No. MA-43, "
2330:"Whitney Wins a Victory"
1755:Fight for Supremacy 1896
1727:Pres. Samuel Little 1893
1693:, pp. 124, 134 ff..
1443:Central Labor Union 1887
2290:"West End Stockholders"
2270:"West End Calls a Halt"
1791:New Lease Ratified 1897
1229:Miscellaneous Vehicles
545:Boston Elevated Railway
483:Boston Elevated Railway
471:Highland Street Railway
352:had recently developed
240:Suburban Street Railway
202:Boston Elevated Railway
175:West End Street Railway
108:Boston Elevated Railway
83:; 102 years ago
65:; 137 years ago
1771:Acts and Resolves 1897
1647:Acts and Resolves 1890
1491:"Only Four Lines Left"
1387:Acts and Resolves 1887
554:
488:Meigs Elevated Railway
414:
336:
282:, the Consolidated in
255:
223:Henry Melville Whitney
139:(president, 1887–1900)
134:(president, 1887–1893)
132:Henry Melville Whitney
2220:"Pres. Samuel Little"
1389:, pp. 1072 ff.;
1327:Beveridge et al. 2013
1189:Snow Plows, Electric
1109:Motor Cars, Electric
552:
456:Tremont Street Subway
412:
366:ground-level conduits
330:
253:
183:Boston, Massachusetts
63:January 22, 1887
1751:Important Stage 1896
1747:Morgan Road Now 1896
1541:"More Electric Cars"
1516:"More Electric Cars"
1089:Mail Cars, Electric
892:Equipment (FY 1897)
2296:. November 10, 1887
2276:. December 18, 1890
2174:. November 28, 1900
2154:. December 19, 1897
2152:Boston Sunday Globe
2134:. February 27, 1896
2042:. November 25, 1896
1920:. November 26, 1896
1785:, pp. 147–48;
1759:Battle is Over 1896
1741:, pp. 147–48;
1473:, pp. 118–20;
1469:, pp. 19 ff.;
1441:, pp. 115–16;
1405:, pp. 115–16;
1381:, pp. 115–16;
586:Revenue passengers
21:
2334:Boston Daily Globe
2294:Boston Daily Globe
2274:Boston Daily Globe
2256:. December 9, 1896
2226:. October 26, 1893
2224:Boston Daily Globe
2132:Boston Daily Globe
2083:. October 22, 1896
2081:Boston Daily Globe
2040:Boston Daily Globe
1979:Boston Daily Globe
1959:Boston Daily Globe
1918:Boston Daily Globe
1789:, pp. 49–50;
1745:, pp. 39–49;
1725:, pp. 35–36;
1711:Subway Leased 1896
1709:, pp. 32–34;
1677:, pp. 34–35;
1433:, pp. 22–30;
1385:, pp. 16–18;
1325:, pp. 16–17;
1321:, pp. 11–13;
1309:, p. 274 n.8.
1169:Snow Plows, Horse
581:Revenue miles run
572:Summary statistics
555:
415:
346:Richmond, Virginia
337:
256:
81:June 10, 1922
2200:978-0-262-01875-3
2109:978-0-253-35383-2
1961:. October 3, 1890
1946:978-1-4214-0926-9
1659:Boston's "L" 1890
1280:
1279:
949:Open Cars, Horse
884:
883:
559:Joseph B. Russell
342:Daniel Longstreet
171:
170:
2404:
2345:
2343:
2341:
2336:. March 30, 1887
2325:
2315:
2305:
2303:
2301:
2285:
2283:
2281:
2265:
2263:
2261:
2245:
2235:
2233:
2231:
2215:
2204:
2183:
2181:
2179:
2163:
2161:
2159:
2143:
2141:
2139:
2123:
2113:
2092:
2090:
2088:
2072:
2051:
2049:
2047:
2031:
2011:
1990:
1988:
1986:
1970:
1968:
1966:
1950:
1929:
1927:
1925:
1909:
1899:
1889:
1870:
1864:
1858:
1840:
1834:
1831:Fifty Years 1938
1828:
1822:
1816:
1810:
1803:Fifty Years 1938
1800:
1794:
1787:Fifty Years 1938
1780:
1774:
1768:
1762:
1743:Fifty Years 1938
1736:
1730:
1723:Fifty Years 1938
1720:
1714:
1707:Fifty Years 1938
1700:
1694:
1688:
1682:
1675:Fifty Years 1938
1668:
1662:
1656:
1650:
1644:
1638:
1635:Fifty Years 1938
1628:
1622:
1621:
1603:
1597:
1596:
1595:
1589:
1578:
1572:
1562:
1556:
1555:
1554:
1548:
1537:
1531:
1530:
1529:
1523:
1512:
1506:
1505:
1504:
1498:
1487:
1478:
1467:Fifty Years 1938
1464:
1458:
1452:
1446:
1428:
1422:
1416:
1410:
1400:
1394:
1376:
1370:
1364:
1358:
1355:Fifty Years 1938
1352:
1346:
1340:
1334:
1323:Fifty Years 1938
1316:
1310:
1304:
1298:
1292:
1149:Electric Motors
929:Box Cars, Horse
889:
576:
512:William Bancroft
508:Eben Dyer Jordan
492:Manhattan system
427:elevated railway
288:Middlesex County
154:Operating income
91:
89:
84:
73:
71:
66:
29:
22:
2412:
2411:
2407:
2406:
2405:
2403:
2402:
2401:
2367:
2366:
2353:
2348:
2339:
2337:
2328:
2318:
2308:
2299:
2297:
2288:
2279:
2277:
2268:
2259:
2257:
2250:"Subway Leased"
2248:
2238:
2229:
2227:
2218:
2207:
2201:
2186:
2177:
2175:
2166:
2157:
2155:
2146:
2137:
2135:
2126:
2116:
2110:
2095:
2086:
2084:
2075:
2069:
2054:
2045:
2043:
2034:
2028:
2014:
2008:
1993:
1984:
1982:
1973:
1964:
1962:
1953:
1947:
1932:
1923:
1921:
1912:
1902:
1892:
1882:
1878:
1873:
1865:
1861:
1841:
1837:
1829:
1825:
1817:
1813:
1801:
1797:
1781:
1777:
1773:, pp. 498.
1769:
1765:
1737:
1733:
1721:
1717:
1701:
1697:
1689:
1685:
1673:, p. 124;
1669:
1665:
1657:
1653:
1645:
1641:
1629:
1625:
1618:
1605:
1604:
1600:
1590:
1580:
1579:
1575:
1567:, p. 119;
1563:
1559:
1549:
1539:
1538:
1534:
1524:
1514:
1513:
1509:
1499:
1489:
1488:
1481:
1465:
1461:
1453:
1449:
1429:
1425:
1417:
1413:
1401:
1397:
1377:
1373:
1365:
1361:
1353:
1349:
1341:
1337:
1329:, p. 366;
1317:
1313:
1305:
1301:
1293:
1289:
1285:
923:
915:
899:Passenger Cars
619:
614:
609:
604:
574:
547:
541:
479:
407:
325:
323:Electrification
313:Lynn and Boston
305:preferred stock
303:of West End 8%
248:
215:
210:
167:
156:
135:
128:
116:
87:
85:
82:
69:
67:
64:
32:
17:
12:
11:
5:
2410:
2408:
2400:
2399:
2394:
2389:
2384:
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2352:
2351:External links
2349:
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2012:
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1991:
1971:
1951:
1945:
1930:
1910:
1900:
1890:
1879:
1877:
1874:
1872:
1871:
1869:, 1897: p. 12.
1859:
1835:
1823:
1821:, p. 920.
1811:
1805:, p. 36;
1795:
1775:
1763:
1731:
1715:
1695:
1683:
1663:
1651:
1649:, p. 518.
1639:
1623:
1616:
1598:
1582:"Tracks To Go"
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1557:
1532:
1507:
1479:
1459:
1447:
1437:, p. 17;
1423:
1411:
1395:
1393:, p. 939.
1371:
1369:, p. 110.
1359:
1347:
1335:
1333:, p. 115.
1311:
1307:O'Connell 2013
1299:
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594:Electric cars
592:
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582:
579:
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543:Main article:
540:
537:
478:
475:
452:Tremont Street
406:
403:
362:overhead lines
324:
321:
247:
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214:
211:
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169:
168:
161:
160:
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120:Greater Boston
117:
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2101:
2100:
2094:
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2078:
2074:
2070:
2068:9781363191710
2064:
2060:
2059:
2053:
2041:
2037:
2033:
2029:
2027:9780428679187
2023:
2019:
2018:
2013:
2009:
2007:0-674-58827-4
2003:
1999:
1998:
1992:
1981:. May 9, 1887
1980:
1976:
1972:
1960:
1956:
1952:
1948:
1942:
1938:
1937:
1931:
1919:
1915:
1911:
1907:
1906:
1901:
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1880:
1875:
1868:
1863:
1860:
1856:
1852:
1848:
1844:
1839:
1836:
1833:, p. 88.
1832:
1827:
1824:
1820:
1815:
1812:
1808:
1804:
1799:
1796:
1793:, p. 16.
1792:
1788:
1784:
1779:
1776:
1772:
1767:
1764:
1760:
1757:, p. 1;
1756:
1753:, p. 1;
1752:
1749:, p. 9;
1748:
1744:
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1680:
1676:
1672:
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1660:
1655:
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1648:
1643:
1640:
1637:, p. 32.
1636:
1632:
1627:
1624:
1619:
1613:
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1602:
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1484:
1480:
1477:, p. 83.
1476:
1472:
1468:
1463:
1460:
1456:
1451:
1448:
1444:
1440:
1436:
1435:Pinanski 1908
1432:
1427:
1424:
1420:
1415:
1412:
1409:, p. 83.
1408:
1404:
1399:
1396:
1392:
1388:
1384:
1383:Pinanski 1908
1380:
1375:
1372:
1368:
1363:
1360:
1357:, p. 17.
1356:
1351:
1348:
1344:
1339:
1336:
1332:
1328:
1324:
1320:
1315:
1312:
1308:
1303:
1300:
1297:, 1897: p. 3.
1296:
1291:
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562:
560:
551:
546:
539:Later history
538:
536:
533:
527:
525:
521:
517:
513:
509:
503:
499:
497:
496:New York City
493:
489:
484:
481:In 1894, the
476:
474:
472:
468:
467:Samuel Little
463:
461:
457:
453:
449:
443:
441:
440:Boston Common
437:
433:
428:
423:
421:
420:rapid transit
411:
404:
402:
400:
394:
392:
391:trolley poles
388:
387:Salem witches
384:
381:'s 1891 poem
380:
376:
372:
367:
363:
358:
355:
351:
350:Frank Sprague
347:
343:
334:
329:
322:
320:
316:
314:
308:
306:
301:
295:
293:
289:
285:
281:
277:
273:
269:
265:
261:
252:
246:Consolidation
245:
243:
241:
235:
233:
229:
228:Beacon Street
224:
220:
212:
207:
205:
203:
198:
196:
192:
191:United States
186:
184:
180:
176:
166:
162:
158:
155:
150:
146:
142:
138:
137:Samuel Little
133:
130:
124:
121:
118:
112:
109:
106:
102:
98:
94:
80:
76:
62:
58:
54:
50:
46:
42:
39:
35:
28:
23:
2340:November 29,
2338:. Retrieved
2333:
2320:
2310:
2300:November 29,
2298:. Retrieved
2293:
2280:November 29,
2278:. Retrieved
2273:
2260:November 29,
2258:. Retrieved
2253:
2240:
2230:November 29,
2228:. Retrieved
2223:
2210:
2189:
2178:November 29,
2176:. Retrieved
2171:
2158:November 29,
2156:. Retrieved
2151:
2138:November 29,
2136:. Retrieved
2131:
2118:
2098:
2087:November 29,
2085:. Retrieved
2080:
2057:
2046:November 29,
2044:. Retrieved
2039:
2016:
1996:
1985:November 29,
1983:. Retrieved
1978:
1965:November 29,
1963:. Retrieved
1958:
1935:
1924:November 29,
1922:. Retrieved
1917:
1904:
1894:
1884:
1862:
1854:
1846:
1838:
1826:
1819:Moody's 1922
1814:
1809:, p. 5.
1798:
1778:
1766:
1761:, p. 7.
1734:
1729:, p. 4.
1718:
1713:, p. 1.
1698:
1686:
1681:, p. 4.
1666:
1661:, p. 1.
1654:
1642:
1626:
1607:
1601:
1586:Boston Globe
1585:
1576:
1560:
1545:Boston Globe
1544:
1535:
1520:Boston Globe
1519:
1510:
1495:Boston Globe
1494:
1462:
1457:, p. 3.
1450:
1445:, p. 5.
1426:
1414:
1398:
1374:
1362:
1350:
1345:, p. 2.
1338:
1314:
1302:
1290:
1274:
1269:
1264:
1259:
1254:
1249:
885:
877:$ 8,536,286
874:172,554,513
851:$ 8,198,914
848:166,862,288
825:$ 7,624,277
822:155,231,506
799:$ 6,734,311
796:137,028,449
773:$ 6,616,607
770:133,863,618
747:$ 6,237,646
744:126,210,781
721:$ 5,889,180
718:119,264,401
695:$ 5,678,390
692:114,853,081
669:$ 5,171,975
666:104,243,150
643:$ 4,213,954
567:
563:
556:
528:
504:
500:
480:
464:
444:
424:
416:
395:
382:
359:
338:
317:
309:
296:
292:South Boston
272:South Boston
268:Consolidated
260:Metropolitan
257:
236:
232:town meeting
216:
199:
193:, and first
187:
174:
172:
164:
99:Consolidated
53:South Boston
49:Consolidated
41:Metropolitan
2254:Boston Post
2172:Boston Post
1783:Cheape 1980
1739:Cheape 1980
1703:Cheape 1980
1691:Cheape 1980
1671:Cheape 1980
1631:Cheape 1980
1565:Cheape 1980
1471:Cheape 1980
1439:Cheape 1980
1403:Cheape 1980
1379:Cheape 1980
1367:Cheape 1980
1331:Cheape 1980
1209:Snow Sleds
868:29,786,936
862:29,450,978
842:25,841,907
836:25,300,918
816:22,180,125
810:21,101,457
790:19,240,486
784:16,794,961
764:18,669,809
758:14,220,847
738:17,498,660
712:17,462,572
709:12,874,426
686:17,665,360
683:14,353,617
660:16,573,831
657:16,048,465
640:84,843,072
634:13,495,511
603:Track miles
597:Horse cars
524:proxy fight
520:J.P. Morgan
436:Charlestown
284:Charlestown
276:East Boston
195:electrified
115:Area served
37:Predecessor
2371:Categories
1876:References
1617:0938315048
1431:Hager 1892
1319:Hager 1892
813:1,078,668
787:2,445,525
761:4,448,962
735:8,988,377
732:8,510,283
706:4,588,146
680:3,311,743
620:passenger
608:Passengers
565:Elevated.
494:in use in
460:Green Line
286:and lower
270:, and the
213:Foundation
127:Key people
88:1922-06-10
70:1887-01-22
911:Electric
618:Receipts/
615:Receipts
613:Passenger
605:operated
371:Cambridge
333:South End
280:Cambridge
264:Cambridge
219:Brookline
179:streetcar
104:Successor
55:railroads
45:Cambridge
871:304.462
865:335,958
845:295.561
839:540,989
819:274.826
793:272.894
767:268.338
741:263.416
715:259.817
689:256.787
663:253.20-
654:525,366
637:231.160
610:carried
348:, where
1129:Horses
919:Motors
880:4.947¢
854:4.914¢
828:4.912¢
802:4.914¢
776:4.943¢
750:4.942¢
724:4.938¢
698:4.944¢
672:4.961¢
646:4.967¢
432:Roxbury
208:History
144:Revenue
86: (
78:Defunct
68: (
60:Founded
2197:
2106:
2065:
2024:
2004:
1943:
1855:passim
1847:passim
1614:
1161:3,121
924:Misc.
908:Horse
600:Total
266:, the
262:, the
177:was a
51:, and
1283:Notes
1275:1,103
1270:3,608
1260:2,360
1250:Total
922:Snow/
916:Cars
914:Other
859:1897
833:1896
807:1895
781:1894
755:1893
729:1892
703:1891
677:1890
651:1889
625:1888
399:Onset
2342:2019
2302:2019
2282:2019
2262:2019
2232:2019
2195:ISBN
2180:2019
2160:2019
2140:2019
2104:ISBN
2089:2019
2063:ISBN
2048:2019
2022:ISBN
2002:ISBN
1987:2019
1967:2019
1941:ISBN
1926:2019
1612:ISBN
1244:482
1224:393
1204:150
1141:487
1055:567
1035:580
1015:761
995:335
932:212
518:and
510:and
434:and
364:and
173:The
96:Fate
1255:288
1184:78
1098:11
1075:47
975:70
952:76
591:FY
2373::
2332:.
2292:.
2272:.
2252:.
2222:.
2170:.
2150:.
2130:.
2079:.
2038:.
1977:.
1957:.
1916:.
1853:,
1849:;
1845:,
1584:.
1543:.
1518:.
1493:.
1482:^
1265:13
1241:-
1238:-
1235:-
1232:-
1221:-
1218:-
1215:-
1212:-
1201:-
1198:-
1195:-
1192:-
1181:-
1178:-
1175:-
1172:-
1164:-
1158:-
1155:-
1152:-
1144:-
1138:-
1135:-
1132:-
1124:-
1121:-
1118:2
1115:-
1112:-
1104:-
1101:-
1095:-
1092:-
1084:-
1081:-
1078:-
1072:-
1064:-
1061:-
1058:-
1052:-
1044:-
1041:-
1038:-
1032:-
1024:-
1021:-
1018:-
1012:-
1004:-
1001:-
998:-
992:-
984:-
981:-
978:-
972:-
964:-
961:-
958:-
955:-
944:-
941:-
938:-
935:-
631:-
628:-
561:.
498:.
473:.
401:.
307:.
47:,
43:,
2344:.
2304:.
2284:.
2264:.
2234:.
2203:.
2182:.
2162:.
2142:.
2112:.
2091:.
2071:.
2050:.
2030:.
2010:.
1989:.
1969:.
1949:.
1928:.
1857:.
1620:.
90:)
72:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
