Knowledge (XXG):Plagiarism - Knowledge (XXG)

2122:, Harvard University: "In academic writing, it is considered plagiarism to draw any idea or any language from someone else without adequately crediting that source in your paper. It doesn't matter whether the source is a published author, another student, a Web site without clear authorship, a Web site that sells academic papers, or any other person: Taking credit for anyone else's work is stealing, and it is unacceptable in all academic situations, whether you do it intentionally or by accident." The university offers examples of different kinds of plagiarism, including verbatim plagiarism, mosaic plagiarism, inadequate paraphrase, uncited paraphrase, uncited quotation. 2326:, in other words one that is likely to have watchful editors and lawyers; there must be no evidence that the author(s), or publisher(s), of the unattributed use later lost, or settled out of court, a lawsuit based on the unattributed use, or that the publisher issued an apology, or retraction, for plagiarism relating to the unattributed use. Since it is impossible to prove that something does not exist, Knowledge (XXG) editors who suspect plagiarism is involved must provide reliable evidence of such a legal judgment, out-of-court settlement, apology, or retraction. 1308:: plagiarized text often demonstrates a sudden change from an editor's usual style and tone and may appear more advanced in grammar and vocabulary. Plagiarized material may contain unexplained acronyms or technical jargon that has been described in an earlier part of the plagiarized document. Because plagiarized material was written for other purposes, it is often un-encyclopedic in tone. An editor who plagiarizes multiple sources will appear to frequently and abruptly change writing styles. 1388:

manufacturer's history page, then on turning to Knowledge (XXG), finds manufacturer's verbatim text content appearing in the History section of the company's Knowledge (XXG) article—the process of correcting the text may be outside of the skill set of the individual discovering it, and so cannot take place immediately. Even if within the skill set, it may not be rapidly achievable by the discovering editor (e.g., if the process requires identifying alternative content or sources).

1499:, in place. If the author information conveyed by the metadata, or watermark, contradicts the author information on the image description page, this is a sign the image requires investigation. A user's original photographs can also be expected to have similar metadata, since most people own a small number of cameras; varied metadata is suspicious. Suspicions based on metadata should be checked with other editors experienced with images and other media. 1402: 1180:. This means they cannot be extensively copied into Knowledge (XXG) articles. Limited amounts of text can be quoted or closely paraphrased from nonfree sources if such text is clearly indicated in the article as being the words of someone else; this can be accomplished by providing an in-text attribution, and quotation marks or block quotations as appropriate, followed by an inline citation. 108: 1829:. The editor should also consider this if the online source is not available on a stable site or is in a form (e.g., a photocopied book) that is not readily convertible into simple text. This may be appropriate even when the source appears to be at a stable site and in an acceptable form, because the Wikisource site is under control of the Wikimedia foundation and other sites are not. 24: 346: 1114: 1069: 1018: 959: 1316:. It is usually possible to find the exact version in article history from which a mirror copy was made. Conversely, if the text in question was added in one large edit, and the text closely matches the external source, this is an indication of direct copying. When in doubt, double check search engine results with an experienced Wikipedian. 914: 869: 824: 736: 701: 656: 623: 89: 1435:

copyright need not to be removed from Knowledge (XXG), if its repair is possible. But it must be repaired, and until the repair is achieved, editors have the responsibility of identifying violating text, and alerting readers that the text is not in compliance with core Knowledge (XXG) policies and guidelines.

1153:: If the sentence "political change increases the likelihood of violence against the state" is distinctive in some way (if, for example, it represents an unusual position), it may require in-text attribution (Michael E. Brown suggests that ...) despite being an editor's own summary of the source material. 1976:

A practice preferred by some Knowledge (XXG) editors when copying material from public domain or compatibly-licensed sources is to paste the content in one edit and indicate in the edit summary of the source of the material. If following this practice, immediately follow up with proper attribution in

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An easy way to test for plagiarism of online sources is to copy and paste passages into a search engine. Exact matches, or near matches, may be plagiarism. When running such tests, be aware that other websites reuse content from Knowledge (XXG). A list of identified websites which do so is maintained

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simple, non-creative lists of information that are common knowledge. If the list is drawn from another source (i.e., it is not common knowledge), or if creativity has gone into producing a list by selecting which facts are included, or in which order they are listed, then reproducing the list without

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This practice has some advantages—for example, further changes such as modernizing language and correcting errors can be done in separate edits after the original insertion of text, allowing later editors the ability to make a clear comparison between the original source text and the current version

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If a Knowledge (XXG) article is constructed through summarizing reliable sources, but there is a paragraph or a few sentences copied from compatibly licensed or public-domain text which is not placed within quotations, then putting an attribution template in a footnote at the end of the sentences or

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If the external work is in the public domain, but it contains an original idea or is a primary source, then it may be necessary to alter the wording of the text (for example, not including all the text from the original work, or quoting some sections, or specifically attributing to a specific source

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of the original. Here it should be borne in mind that an occasional sentence in an article that bears a recognizable similarity to a sentence in a cited source is not generally a cause for concern. Some facts and opinions can only be expressed in so many ways and still be the same fact or opinion. A

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Department of Education." © Copyright 2002 by Brian Klug.) However, please note, this tool routinely fails to identify material taken from recent published sources whose texts do not appear online. For instance, the Charles Lipson quote appearing in footnote, above, is not detected as being derived

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license models. Contributors continue to own copyright to their contributions, but they liberally license their contributions for reuse and modification. GFDL and CC BY-SA do require attribution. However, since Knowledge (XXG)'s articles do not contain bylines, it is not necessary or appropriate to

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As such, whether or not one is able to contact the responsible earlier editor, the process of correcting Knowledge (XXG) content will lie to greater or lessor extent with editors currently visiting and actively involved with the article in question. Material that is plagiarized but does not violate

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is taking credit for someone else's writing as your own, including their language and ideas, without providing adequate credit. The University of Cambridge defines plagiarism as: "submitting as one's own work, irrespective of intent to deceive, that which derives in part or in its entirety from the

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Avoiding plagiarism requires familiarity with citation and paraphrasing. Contributors need to know when and how to cite sources. When paraphrasing, they need to know how much they can and should retain without following too closely on source text. They also need to remember when and where they saw

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A "derivative work" is a work based upon one or more preexisting works, such as a translation, musical arrangement, dramatization, fictionalization, motion picture version, sound recording, art reproduction, abridgment, condensation, or any other form in which a work may be recast, transformed, or

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If the source is in a language other than English, the contributor may be under the mistaken belief that the act of translation is a sufficient revision to eliminate concerns of plagiarism. On the contrary, regardless of whether the work is free, the obligation remains to give credit to authors of

1825:, and this is best accomplished when a reader can easily compare the Knowledge (XXG) article to the source. Many public domain sources are online, and attribution can (and should) include hyperlink. When there is no online source, the editor should consider creating an exact copy of the source at 1451:

Regardless of the specific approach among these used, until the repair is complete, information regarding the source article or file page must appear, and the sentence, section, or article containing substantial plagiarised content much be labeled with a template message (tag). Alternatively, and

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It may not always be feasible to contact the contributor. For example, an editor who placed text three years ago and has not edited since is unlikely to be available to respond to the concerns that are raised. Moreover, while discovery of plagiarism can be rapid and inescapable—e.g., one visits a

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If you find an example of plagiarism where an editor has copied text, media, or figures into Knowledge (XXG) without proper attribution, contact the editor responsible, point them to this guideline, and ask them to add attribution. Attribution errors may be inadvertent, so intentional plagiarism

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Per Lipson, 2013, p. 43: "If you use someone else's work, cite it... Cite it even if the work is freely available in the public domain... All these rules follow from the same idea: acknowledge what you take from others. The only exception is when you rely on commonly known information." See full

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Whether it is copyright-expired or public domain for other reasons, material from public-domain sources is welcome on Knowledge (XXG), but such material must be properly attributed. Public-domain attribution notices should not be removed from an article or simply replaced with inline citations

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Plagiarism is presenting someone else's work – including their language and ideas – as your own, whether intentionally or inadvertently. Because it can happen easily and by mistake, all editors are strongly advised to actively identify any potential issues in their writing. Plagiarism can take

2186:: "The author of a quote of a full sentence or more should be named; this is done in the main text and not in a footnote. However, attribution is unnecessary with quotations that are clearly from the person discussed in the article or section. When preceding a quotation with its attribution, 1224:

states that all plagiarism rules "follow from the same idea: acknowledge what you take from others. The only exception is when you rely on commonly known information." Plagiarism is less a concern where the content both lacks creativity and where the facts and ideas being offered are common

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Care must be taken to check that what appears to be a compatible licence is indeed compatible. Some websites allow text to be copied for educational or non-commercial use. Such text is not compatible with the Knowledge (XXG) licences because the text must be free to be used and distributed

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with: further editor perspective to ensure the presented mechanisms are complete; as well, specific Wikilinks can be added to the text to support the content already appearing, and a further specific recommendation about appropriate template messages (tags) should appear. You can help by

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requires in-text attribution when quoting a full sentence or more. Naming the author in the text allows the reader to see that it relies heavily on someone else's ideas, without having to search in the footnote. You can avoid inadvertent plagiarism by remembering these rules of thumb:

2634:(see "Further reading"). (Hyperlinked resources, including: a "glossary of terms" relating to plagiarism; a bibliography of "Books and Other Resources"; and profiles of "Famous Plagiarists". "Copyright 2004–2006 Famous Plagiarists.com / War On Plagiarism.org. Some Rights Reserved"). 766:. The more of the source's words that were copied, and the more distinctive the phrasing, the more serious the violation. Adding in-text attribution ("John Smith states that ...") always avoids accusations of plagiarism, though it does not invariably avoid copyright violations. See 1648:, or a similar attribution template is acceptable to acknowledge the work of others and still allow subsequent modification. See the next section for more on using attribution templates with compatibly licensed sources; the proper template may vary by the license of the source. 1375:

As well as requesting repair of the example you found, you may wish to invite the editor to identify and repair any other instances of plagiarism they may have placed before becoming familiar with this guideline. If an editor persists in plagiarizing, report the editor to the

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A public domain source may be summarized and cited in the same manner as for copyrighted material, but the source's text can also be copied verbatim into a Knowledge (XXG) article. If text is copied or closely paraphrased from a free source, it must be

777:, because this is the consensus of many scientists, not only a claim by Jones. In such cases, plagiarism can be avoided by summarizing information in your own words or acknowledging explicitly that while the words are from Jones, the view is widespread. 1679:). Most compatible licenses require that author attribution be given, and even if the license does not, the material must be attributed to avoid plagiarism. Attribution for compatibly licensed text can be provided through the use of an appropriate 1323:. Plagiarism detection systems, some of which are freely available online, exist primarily to help detect academic fraud. Knowledge (XXG) does not endorse, or recommend, any external services, so your own experience will be the guide. 2609:. The Learning Centre, Academic Skills Resources, University of New South Wales, (last updated) 24 Oct. 2008. 12 Mar. 2009. (Includes: "What Is Plagiarism?"; "Common Forms of Plagiarism"; and "Plagiarism & the Internet".) 2262:

adapted.... Subject to sections 107 through 122, the owner of copyright under this title has the exclusive rights to do and to authorize any of the following:...(2) to prepare derivative works based upon the copyrighted work....

1856:), copying content (including text, images, and citations) from one Knowledge (XXG) article to another or from one language Knowledge (XXG) to another is not plagiarism as long as attribution is provided via the edit summaries. 772:

Be cautious when using in-text attribution, because it can lead to other problems. For example, "According to Professor Susan Jones, human-caused increases in atmospheric carbon dioxide have led to global warming" might be a

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This can begin with a commonsense question: Does it seem likely that the uploader is the original source? The person who scans an image from an 1825 textbook on herbs is unlikely to be the author, even if they have claimed

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mathematical and scientific formulae that are part of the most basic and general background knowledge of a field, E = mc and F = ma (where, even in these cases, for deeper reader understanding, a citation may be best

2289:...large-scale cribbing of foreign-language texts might occur during the process of translation.... The practice persists even though the most flagrant violators are eventually accused and dismissed from their posts. 1666:

license that removes some restrictions on distributing copies and making modified versions of a work, it may be acceptable to include the text directly into a Knowledge (XXG) article, provided that the license is

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identify an additional source or sources relevant to the text content in question, then edit the content, paraphrasing per Knowledge (XXG) guidelines, so that it is fully consistent with the original and added

2678: 2560: 458:. Similarly, even though there is no copyright issue, public-domain content is plagiarized if used without acknowledging the source. For advice on how to avoid violating copyright on Knowledge (XXG), see 723:

Summarizing a source in your own words does not in itself mean you have not plagiarized, if you are still relying heavily on the work of another writer. Credit should be given in the form of an inline

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requires that articles be based on reliable published sources. These policies mean that Wikipedians are highly vulnerable to accusations of plagiarism because we must stick closely to sources, but not

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If a significant proportion of the text is copied or closely paraphrased from a compatibly-licensed or public domain souce, attribution is generally provided either through the use of an appropriate

3114: 2707: 1476:. Sometimes doubts may be triggered by the professional quality of media, or by the exclusivity. If you suspect plagiarism, try to locate the original source through an online search engine such as 3029: 2720: 2172:

There may be exceptions when using extensive content from free or copy-left sources, so long as proper attribution is provided in footnote or in the references section at the bottom of the page.

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with very few changes—from a source that is not acknowledged anywhere in the article, either in the body of the article, or in footnotes, the references section, or the external links section.

992:: Michael E. Brown writes: "Political transitions brought about by the collapse of authoritarian rule, democratization, or political reforms also make states particularly prone to violence." 3361: 1232:

phrases that are the simplest and most obvious way to present information; sentences such as "John Smith was born on 2 February 1900" lack sufficient creativity to require attribution.

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foreign language texts for their creative expression, information and ideas, and, if the work is unfree, direct translation is likely to be a copyright violation as well.

1051:: Michael E. Brown suggests that political change, such as the move from an authoritarian government to a democratic one, can "make states particularly prone to violence." 2700: 270: 2399:

Exif data is automatically saved by most modern digital cameras, and includes important information about the camera being used and the date/time of the picture (see

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copying of the diction of one or more sources across multiple sentences or paragraphs. In addition, when dealing with non-free sources, be sure that any appropriated

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with very few changes from a copyrighted source—then citing the source in an inline citation after the passage that was copied, without naming the source in the text.

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To qualify as a "common expression or idiom", the phrase must have been used without attribution at least 2 years ago by someone other than the originator and in a

1141:: "Political transitions brought about by the collapse of authoritarian rule, democratization, or political reforms also make states particularly prone to violence." 1096:: "Political transitions brought about by the collapse of authoritarian rule, democratization, or political reforms also make states particularly prone to violence." 1045:: "Political transitions brought about by the collapse of authoritarian rule, democratization, or political reforms also make states particularly prone to violence." 986:: "Political transitions brought about by the collapse of authoritarian rule, democratization, or political reforms also make states particularly prone to violence." 941:: "Political transitions brought about by the collapse of authoritarian rule, democratization, or political reforms also make states particularly prone to violence." 896:: "Political transitions brought about by the collapse of authoritarian rule, democratization, or political reforms also make states particularly prone to violence." 851:: "Political transitions brought about by the collapse of authoritarian rule, democratization, or political reforms also make states particularly prone to violence." 902:: Political transitions brought about by the collapse of authoritarian rule, democratization, or political reforms also make states particularly prone to violence. 857:: Political transitions brought about by the collapse of authoritarian rule, democratization, or political reforms also make states particularly prone to violence. 3320: 1102:: Michael E. Brown suggests that political change, such as the move from an authoritarian government to a democratic one, can provoke violence against the state. 2350: 3044: 2693: 3520: 538: 234: 229: 114: 2412:

XMP is utilized by Adobe in its image manipulation programs; it tracks the history of modification and, when possible, original ownership information (see

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It can also be useful to perform a direct comparison between cited sources and text within the article to see if text has been plagiarized, including too-

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If you find duplicated text or media, consider first whether the primary problem is plagiarism or copyright infringement. If the source is not in the

947:: Political transitions brought about by the end of authoritarian government, democratization, or political change also make states prone to violence. 762:

Here the editor is not trying to pass the work off as their own, but it is still regarded as plagiarism, because the source's words were used without

3335: 3121: 2990: 154: 3581: 2073:— user talk page warning/request on plagiarism: "... Please make sure that any public domain content you have already imported is fully attributed. 31: 1853: 1838: 193: 3418: 712:

Summarizing a source in your own words, without citing the source in any way, may also be a form of plagiarism, as well as a violation of the

454:. Giving credit does not mean the infringement has not occurred, so be careful not to quote so much of a non-free source that you violate the 296: 3308: 1225:

knowledge. Here are some examples where in-text attribution is generally not required, though you may still need to add an inline citation:

2791: 2647: 377:. Because plagiarism can occur without an intention to deceive, concerns should focus on educating the editor and cleaning up the article. 3340: 2717: 1272: 325: 286: 1517:

For images and other media, the correct source and licensing information must be supplied, otherwise the files run the risk of deletion.

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Frequently, a person who uploads and claims credit for another's image will leave the original image metadata, or a visible or invisible

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with very few changes—then citing the source somewhere in the article, but not directly after the sentence or passage that was copied.

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Regardless of plagiarism concerns, works under copyright that are not available under a compatible free license must comply with the

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The guidance in this section must not be read in isolation. Inline citations to a source are still required as described in the

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source material (for example: "John Smith wrote that the building looked spectacular," or "According to Smith (2012) ..."). The

301: 2625: 3586: 3550: 3371: 3049: 3024: 2970: 2539:. 12 Mar. 2009. (Provides hyperlinked "Citation Guides" pertaining to the most commonly used citation guidelines, including 2082: 1264: 518: 393: 318: 260: 239: 118: 2474: 2310: 2282: 2251:"Copyright Law of the United States of America and Related Laws Contained in Title 17 of the United States Code, Circular 92" 1992: 1955: 1913: 1866: 1791: 1680: 1657: 1623: 1361: 420:: Add in-text attribution when you copy or closely paraphrase another author's words or flow of thought, unless the material 3413: 3189: 3136: 3109: 3039: 3014: 1782:). Of course, citable information should not be left without cites, although the most appropriate citations should be used. 1753: 1349: 1313: 436:: Maintain text–source integrity: place your inline citations so that it is clear which source supports which point, or use 203: 1899:

which is designed around material with an externally posted license, or use a source-specific attribution template such as

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something first, both in active research, while note taking, and during composition, to avoid unconscious plagiarism. See

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more radically, the unsourced material can be moved to the article's Talk page until its full repair can be accomplished.

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Put the whole text of the source (if small enough) in quotation marks or blockquotes, followed by an inline citation; or

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are not the same thing. Copyright infringement occurs when content is used in a way that violates a copyright holder's

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or licensed compatibly with Knowledge (XXG), or if you suspect that it is not, you should address it under the

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This can look as though the editor is trying to pass the text off as their own. It can happen by accident when

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provide attribution on the article's face. As long as the licensing requirements for attribution are met (see

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unless it is verified that substantially all of the source's phrasing has been removed from the article (see

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Doing Honest Work in College: How to Prepare Citations, Avoid Plagiarism, and Achieve Real Academic Success

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Doing Honest Work in College: How to Prepare Citations, Avoid Plagiarism, and Achieve Real Academic Success

2088: 2076: 1327: 752: 748: 672: 668: 639: 635: 498: 437: 144: 130: 2907: 2068: 2007: 1930:" near the bottom of the page. In such cases consider adding the attribution statements at the end of the 1442:

edit the content to define the limits of the plagiarism (by adding quotation marks, or <blockquote: -->

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paragraph is sufficient. To aid with attribution at the end of a few sentences, consider using a general

1365: 1173: 1167: 687: 432: 2630: 1713: 1668: 3442: 3437: 2930: 2595:. Writing Tutorial Services, Campus Writing Program, Indiana University, (last updated) 27 Apr. 2004. 1672: 1582: 1352:; contributors may not be familiar with the concept of plagiarism. It may be helpful to refer them to 1229:

use of common expressions and idioms, including those that are common in sub-cultures such as academia;

1189: 809:(adding the author's name to the text) and an inline citation. The following examples are adapted from 582: 494: 56: 43: 2753: 2215:: "Acknowledging the source of the copyrighted material does not substitute for obtaining permission." 2556: 2131: 1567: 1305: 1121:

No in-text attribution, no quotation marks, text summarized in an editor's own words, inline citation

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The above example is the most egregious form of plagiarism and the least likely to be accidental.

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and the terms of the license are met. (A partial table of license compatibility can be found at

1131:: Michael E. Brown, "The Causes of Internal Conflict: An Overview," in Michael E. Brown, et al, 1086:: Michael E. Brown, "The Causes of Internal Conflict: An Overview," in Michael E. Brown, et al, 1035:: Michael E. Brown, "The Causes of Internal Conflict: An Overview," in Michael E. Brown, et al, 976:: Michael E. Brown, "The Causes of Internal Conflict: An Overview," in Michael E. Brown, et al, 931:: Michael E. Brown, "The Causes of Internal Conflict: An Overview," in Michael E. Brown, et al, 886:: Michael E. Brown, "The Causes of Internal Conflict: An Overview," in Michael E. Brown, et al, 841:: Michael E. Brown, "The Causes of Internal Conflict: An Overview," in Michael E. Brown, et al, 3502: 2471: 2374: 2307: 2279: 2235:

Michael E. Brown, "The Causes of Internal Conflict: An Overview," in Michael E. Brown, et al,

1496: 462:. For how to deal with copying material from free sources, such as public-domain sources, see 412:: Cite a source in the form of an inline citation after the sentence or paragraph in question. 2518: 1815: 1795: 1381: 999: 691: 683: 522: 2685: 1525: 1470: 1025:

In-text attribution, quotation marks, most of the text properly paraphrased, inline citation

2488: 1377: 1369: 1177: 455: 3482: 2570: 2528: 2400: 2051:(deactivated) – automatically patrolled newly created pages for plagiarism and tagged them 1480:. Other factors to consider include the editing history of the uploader and, with images, 1057:: Even with in-text attribution, distinctive words or phrases may require quotation marks. 921:

No in-text attribution, no quotation marks, text closely paraphrased, inline citation only

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You can avoid plagiarism by summarizing source material in your own words followed by an

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Copying from a source acknowledged in a well-placed citation, without in-text attribution

2666: 1707:: for content imported from a source that may be reused under both CC-By-SA 3.0 and GFDL 1364:. Editors who have difficulties or questions about this guidance can be referred to the 2596: 2582: 2536: 2522: 1221: 1401: 1282: 713: 510: 3575: 3151: 2533:"Citing Sources: Documentation Guidelines for Citing Sources and Avoiding Plagiarism" 2250: 1701: 1545: 1278: 558: 3459: 1998:

In a way unambiguously indicating exactly what has been copied verbatim, provide an

998:: The amount of text you quote from non-free sources must be limited to comply with 2429: 1903: 1076:

In-text attribution, no quotation marks, text properly paraphrased, inline citation

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No in-text attribution, no quotation marks, no change in text, inline citation only

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Plagiary: Cross-Disciplinary Journal in Plagiarism, Fabrication, and Falsification

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constitute a copyright problem; U.S. law on such lists is illustrated by the case

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There are several tools available to help identify plagiarism on Knowledge (XXG):

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an opinion included in the text) to meet the Knowledge (XXG) content policies of

1735:: for content imported from a source compatible for reuse under CC-By-SA 3.0 but 1719:: for content imported from a source compatible for reuse under CC-By-SA 3.0 but 1614:. Attribution as described in this section is an addition to those requirements. 831:

No in-text attribution, no quotation marks, no change in text, no inline citation

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Do not make the work of others look like your own. Give credit where it is due.

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the article so that the new material cannot be mistaken for your own wording.

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Originality, Imitation, and Plagiarism: Teaching Writing in the Digital Age

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Another option is to utilize a plagiarism detector, such as those found at

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Perspectives on Plagiarism and Intellectual Property in a Postmodern World

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should not be presumed in the absence of strong evidence. Start with the

1147:: Political change increases the likelihood of violence against the state. 2660: 2624:– Website published by John P. Lesko, associate professor of English at 1663: 1481: 793:

publications and public domain publications, see also the section below:

790: 2170:, Harvard University (see "Uncited paraphrase" and "Uncited quotation"). 966:

In-text attribution, quotation marks, no change in text, inline citation

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if the image is not yours. If the source requests a credit line, e.g. "

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from a public domain or compatibly-licensed source, you can either:

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Text from the interfaces of software, unless the software itself is

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For avoidance of plagiarism of text copied from compatibly licensed

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For sections or whole articles, add a section-wide or article-wide

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markup), and then attributing the content to the identified source;

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and/or add your own note in the reference section of the article.

805:, or by quoting or closely paraphrasing the source, usually with 2669:– Interview with Caroline Eisner and Martha Vicinus, editors of 1844: 1552: 1485: 2689: 694:

listed in a References section, without using inline citations.

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prohibits editors from adding their own ideas to articles, and

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Knowledge (XXG):Knowledge (XXG) Signpost/2009-04-13/Dispatches

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Copying from a source acknowledged in a poorly placed citation

policy and added to an article as explained in the guideline

1477: 2667:"Read a Q&A with the editors on Inside Higher Education" 344: 3390: 2500: 1909:. Directions for usage are provided on the template pages. 1773:

Knowledge (XXG):Adding open license text to Knowledge (XXG)

2593:"Plagiarism: What It is and How to Recognize and Avoid It" 2006:

For an example of the last, see the references section in

1843:

Knowledge (XXG)'s content is dual-licensed under both the

2035:– lists pages with suspected plagiarism for manual review 365:, of which two make it easy to plagiarize inadvertently. 117:. For more information on closely paraphrasing text, see 42:

may apply. Substantive edits to this page should reflect

2306:. 2nd Ed., p. 43. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. 2203:, Cinahl Information Systems, 17(3.4), Fall/Winter 1998. 2032: 2010: 1794:, or similar annotation, which is usually placed in a " 1683:, or similar annotation, which is usually placed in a " 1597: 1590: 1415: 1197: 794: 597: 590: 463: 425: 71: 64: 2470:. 2nd Ed. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2013. 2038: 1300:

Knowledge (XXG):Spotting possible copyright violations

708:

Summarizing an unacknowledged source in your own words

2201:"Tweedledum and Tweedledee: Plagiarism and Copyright" 2041:– check any article for plagiarism, but keep in mind 3030:

Do not disrupt Knowledge (XXG) to illustrate a point

1331:

plagiarism concern arises when there is evidence of

3467: 3455: 3398: 3388: 3354: 3296: 3236: 3212: 3202: 3159: 3149: 3089: 3079: 2999: 2915: 2905: 2825: 2761: 2751: 2679:"Jonah Lehrer's Journalistic Misdeeds at Wired.com" 1694:Templates for compatibly licensed sources include: 113:For more information on copy and pasting text, see 1757:. Text here should be screenshot, and uploaded to 2484:. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 2008. 1790:and attributed through the use of an appropriate 2868:Do not include copies of lengthy primary sources 2138:"Guidance provided by Faculties and Departments" 1798:" near the bottom of the page (see the section " 1384:that show both the plagiarism and the warnings. 2642:– Facility for detecting student plagiarism at 2489:"Winning Hearts and Minds in War on Plagiarism" 2150:For example, Smith 2012, p. 1, or Smith, John. 1944: 1799: 1688: 1687:" near the bottom of the page (see the section 1110: 1065: 1014: 955: 910: 865: 820: 732: 697: 652: 619: 404: 115:Knowledge (XXG):Copying text from other sources 30:This page documents an English Knowledge (XXG) 2365:Perfect, Timothy J.; Stark, Louisa J. (2008). 1839:Knowledge (XXG):Copying within Knowledge (XXG) 1438:To repair plagiarism, an incoming editor can: 2701: 2480:Eisner, Caroline, and Vicinus, Martha (eds). 2351:Feist Publications v. Rural Telephone Service 2012:, which uses a large amount of text from the 358:work of others without due acknowledgement." 326: 8: 3456: 1916:, or a general attribution template such as 1236:citing its source may constitute plagiarism. 770:below for more on using copyrighted sources. 3362:Categories, lists, and navigation templates 2369:. In John Dunlosky, Robert A. Bjork (ed.). 2184:Knowledge (XXG):Manual of Style#Attribution 1980:To provide proper attribution when copying 1779: 421: 38:Editors should generally follow it, though 3464: 3395: 3248: 3209: 3156: 3086: 2912: 2758: 2708: 2694: 2686: 2188:avoid characterizing it in a biased manner 690:. It can also happen when editors rely on 468: 333: 319: 126: 2132:"University-wide statement on plagiarism" 1003: 767: 384:, typically in the form of footnote (see 2274:Buranen, Lise; Roy, Alice Myers (1999). 686:are moved around during an edit, losing 2567:define plagiarism and how to avoid it.) 2231: 2229: 2227: 2225: 2223: 2221: 2108: 1814:(in particular the restrictions on the 1273:Knowledge (XXG):Guide to image deletion 544: 504: 476: 471: 278: 252: 211: 180: 136: 129: 2671:Originality, Imitation, and Plagiarism 2648:University of Maryland at College Park 1926:, or similar annotation, placed in a " 1879:template for public-domain sources or 1339:expressions are marked as quotations. 388:). In addition to an inline citation, 2519:"Recognizing and Avoiding Plagiarism" 2136:For subject-specific guidelines, see 1934:directly under a line consisting of " 630:Copying from an unacknowledged source 7: 2504:. Scholarly Publishing Office, 2009. 1812:Knowledge (XXG):No original research 1563:", place one in the author field of 1269:Knowledge (XXG):Files for discussion 1259:Knowledge (XXG):Copyright violations 392:is usually required when quoting or 271:Contributor copyright investigations 245:Guidance for text copyright problems 3521:List of all policies and guidelines 2435:needs the "inline=1" parameter set. 2091:(summary of policies and practices) 2014:Gazetteer of Planetary Nomenclature 3582:Knowledge (XXG) content guidelines 3560:Summaries of values and principles 3401: 3239: 3002: 2828: 2677:Seife, Charles (August 31, 2012). 2083:Knowledge (XXG):Close paraphrasing 1967:Western Allied invasion of Germany 1577:Copying material from free sources 1265:Knowledge (XXG):Copyright problems 795:Copying material from free sources 119:Knowledge (XXG):Close paraphrasing 46:. When in doubt, discuss first on 14: 2589:Indiana University at Bloomington 2425:To be used as an inline citation 2371:Handbook of Metamemory and Memory 2154:. Name of Publisher, 2012, p. 1. 1889:for compatibly licensed sources, 1628:For public-domain sources, using 1314:Knowledge (XXG):Mirrors and forks 3470: 3215: 3162: 3092: 3045:Please do not bite the newcomers 2918: 2764: 2581:, (last reviewed) 9 March 2009. 2367:"Tales from the Crypt...omnesia" 2249:United States Copyright Office. 1662:If the external work is under a 1513:Knowledge (XXG):Image use policy 1503:Source and licensing information 1400: 1112: 1067: 1016: 957: 912: 867: 822: 734: 699: 654: 621: 106: 87: 22: 2663:(cited by Eisner and Vicinus ). 2626:Saginaw Valley State University 2237:Nationalism and Ethnic Conflict 2062:Plagiarism from Knowledge (XXG) 1133:Nationalism and Ethnic Conflict 1088:Nationalism and Ethnic Conflict 1037:Nationalism and Ethnic Conflict 978:Nationalism and Ethnic Conflict 933:Nationalism and Ethnic Conflict 888:Nationalism and Ethnic Conflict 843:Nationalism and Ethnic Conflict 539:Requesting copyright permission 235:Requesting copyright permission 230:Copying text from other sources 155:Reusing Knowledge (XXG) content 2168:Harvard Guide to Using Sources 2164:"What Constitutes Plagiarism?" 2120:Harvard Guide to Using Sources 2116:"What Constitutes Plagiarism?" 1833:Copying within Knowledge (XXG) 1658:Category:Attribution templates 1624:Category:Attribution templates 1362:Help:Citations quick reference 1358:Knowledge (XXG):Citing sources 1343:Addressing the involved editor 815:Harvard Guide to Using Sources 811:"What Constitutes Plagiarism?" 535:Donating copyrighted materials 194:Copying within Knowledge (XXG) 1: 3055:Responding to threats of harm 2797:Biographies of living persons 2673:, conducted on April 3, 2008. 2603:University of New South Wales 2459:Articles, books, and journals 1354:Knowledge (XXG):Verifiability 1321:Category:Plagiarism detectors 1304:There are several methods to 1135:, The MIT Press, 2001, p. 14. 1090:, The MIT Press, 2001, p. 14. 1039:, The MIT Press, 2001, p. 14. 935:, The MIT Press, 2001, p. 14. 890:, The MIT Press, 2001, p. 14. 845:, The MIT Press, 2001, p. 14. 577:Plagiarism on Knowledge (XXG) 495:Manual of style on quotations 225:Donating copyrighted material 3122:Criteria for speedy deletion 2991:Paid-contribution disclosure 2444:To meet the requirements of 2414:File:Redding Album Cover.jpg 1958:, or similar annotation here 1461:How to find media plagiarism 1217:Knowledge (XXG):When to cite 616:Free and copyrighted sources 440:and explain in the footnote. 380:Sources are annotated using 2792:What Knowledge (XXG) is not 2097:– Article on plagiarism in 1854:the guideline for specifics 1652:Compatibly licensed sources 1378:administrators' noticeboard 1294:How to find text plagiarism 569:Subject-specific guidelines 563:"Tweedledum and Tweedledee: 527:Non-free content guidelines 363:three core content policies 3603: 2651:verbatim from that source. 2579:Harvard University Library 2509:Digital academic resources 2373:. CRC Press. pp. 285–314. 2140:, University of Cambridge. 2134:, University of Cambridge. 2089:Knowledge (XXG):Copy-paste 2077:Knowledge (XXG):Quotations 1860:Where to place attribution 1836: 1800:Where to place attribution 1770: 1689:Where to place attribution 1655: 1621: 1580: 1506: 1297: 1262: 1256: 1243:simple logical deductions. 1214: 1187: 1178:non-free content guideline 1165: 580: 456:non-free content guideline 220:Frequently asked questions 150:Copyright violation policy 54: 48:this guideline's talk page 3587:Knowledge (XXG) copyright 3515: 3251: 2727: 2541:parenthetical referencing 2039:Earwig's Copyvio Detector 1392:Repairing text plagiarism 1370:media copyright questions 1168:Knowledge (XXG):Copyright 565:Plagiarism and Copyright" 297:Media copyright questions 131:Knowledge (XXG) copyright 16:Knowledge (XXG) guideline 2300:Lipson, Charles (2013). 1894:Free-content attribution 1350:assumption of good faith 729:Copyrighted sources only 519:Copyright problems board 95:This page in a nutshell: 3498:Licensing and copyright 2718:policies and guidelines 2563:style guidelines; such 2336:Lipson reference above. 1780:#What is not plagiarism 1000:non-free content policy 2639:The Plagiarism Checker 2498:Lesko, John P. (ed.). 2008:planetary nomenclature 1963: 1816:use of primary sources 1751:or public domain, are 1380:. Be sure to include 1211:What is not plagiarism 1158: 1107: 1062: 1011: 952: 907: 862: 817:, Harvard University: 759: 720: 679: 646: 555:Copyright and Fair use 448:copyright infringement 443: 349: 307:Declaration of consent 3493:Friendly space policy 3283:Broad-concept article 2787:Neutral point of view 2621:FamousPlagiarists.com 2607:"Avoiding Plagiarism" 2278:. SUNY Press. p. 76. 1808:neutral point of view 1802:" for more details). 1765:Public-domain sources 1618:Attribution templates 1248:Addressing plagiarism 1215:Further information: 1166:Further information: 688:text–source integrity 559:Guide to paraphrasing 483:Core content policies 424:or originates from a 348: 199:Public domain content 3060:Talk page guidelines 3020:Conflict of interest 2961:Ownership of content 2806:Copyright violations 2782:No original research 2716:Knowledge (XXG) key 2403:for Exif in action). 1993:attribution template 1956:attribution template 1914:attribution template 1874:citation-attribution 1867:attribution template 1823:requires attribution 1821:Avoiding plagiarism 1792:attribution template 1681:attribution template 1633:citation-attribution 1253:Copyright violations 1162:Respecting copyright 1145:Knowledge (XXG) text 1100:Knowledge (XXG) text 1049:Knowledge (XXG) text 990:Knowledge (XXG) text 945:Knowledge (XXG) text 900:Knowledge (XXG) text 855:Knowledge (XXG) text 768:Respecting copyright 714:Verifiability policy 394:closely paraphrasing 367:No original research 361:Knowledge (XXG) has 292:Copyright assistance 266:Files for discussion 2956:No personal attacks 2878:Don't create hoaxes 2416:for XMP in action). 2239:, MIT, 2001, p. 14. 2213:Copyright: Fair Use 2049:User:CorenSearchBot 1971:Battle of Camp Hill 1478:Google Image Search 980:, MIT, 2001, p. 14. 807:in-text attribution 783:Avoiding plagiarism 764:in-text attribution 753:closely paraphrased 673:closely paraphrased 640:closely paraphrased 607:Forms of plagiarism 551:Avoiding plagiarism 499:Essay on quotations 460:Copyright violation 390:in-text attribution 302:File copyright tags 3551:List of guidelines 3372:Template namespace 3050:Courtesy vanishing 3025:Disruptive editing 2971:Dispute resolution 2515:Cornell University 1965:See, for example, 1954:Place appropriate 1940:'''Attribution:''' 1928:References section 1921:source-attribution 1796:References section 1685:References section 1643:source-attribution 1328:close paraphrasing 751:word-for-word, or 692:general references 671:word-for-word, or 638:word-for-word, or 545:Off-wiki resources 350: 261:Copyright problems 240:Close paraphrasing 3569: 3568: 3511: 3510: 3451: 3450: 3414:Project namespace 3384: 3383: 3380: 3379: 3321:Dates and numbers 3288:Understandability 3198: 3197: 3145: 3144: 3137:Revision deletion 3110:Proposed deletion 3075: 3074: 3040:Gaming the system 3015:Assume good faith 2901: 2900: 2681:. Slate Magazine. 2575:"Research Guides" 2487:Jaschick, Scott. 2464:Lipson, Charles. 1932:Reference section 1759:Wikimedia Commons 1677:the Copyright FAQ 1509:commons:Licensing 1497:digital watermark 1432: 1431: 1306:detect plagiarism 775:violation of NPOV 747:Inserting a text— 667:Inserting a text— 634:Inserting a text— 574: 573: 531:Non-US copyrights 438:citation bundling 343: 342: 204:Non-US copyrights 125: 124: 101: 100: 82: 81: 32:content guideline 3594: 3546: 3545: 3536:List of policies 3531: 3530: 3488:List of policies 3475: 3474: 3473: 3465: 3461: 3458: 3406: 3405: 3404: 3396: 3392: 3389:Project content 3249: 3244: 3243: 3242: 3220: 3219: 3218: 3210: 3206: 3167: 3166: 3165: 3157: 3153: 3097: 3096: 3095: 3087: 3083: 3007: 3006: 3005: 2986:Child protection 2981:No legal threats 2951:Ignore all rules 2923: 2922: 2921: 2913: 2909: 2856:Reliable sources 2833: 2832: 2831: 2769: 2768: 2767: 2759: 2755: 2740:Ignore all rules 2722: 2710: 2703: 2696: 2687: 2682: 2599:. 12 Mar. 2009. 2525:. 12 Mar. 2009. 2493:Inside Higher Ed 2449: 2442: 2436: 2434: 2428: 2423: 2417: 2410: 2404: 2397: 2391: 2389: 2387: 2386: 2360: 2354: 2343: 2337: 2333: 2327: 2320: 2314: 2298: 2292: 2291: 2271: 2265: 2264: 2258: 2257: 2246: 2240: 2233: 2216: 2210: 2204: 2197: 2191: 2180: 2174: 2161: 2155: 2148: 2142: 2129: 2123: 2113: 2072: 2020:in the article. 1941: 1925: 1919: 1908: 1902: 1898: 1892: 1888: 1882: 1878: 1872: 1734: 1728: 1718: 1712: 1706: 1700: 1647: 1641: 1637: 1631: 1600: 1593: 1572: 1566: 1550: 1544: 1540: 1534: 1530: 1524: 1475: 1469: 1456:Media plagiarism 1427: 1424: 1404: 1396: 1200: 1174:copyright policy 1119: 1116: 1115: 1074: 1071: 1070: 1023: 1020: 1019: 964: 961: 960: 919: 916: 915: 874: 871: 870: 829: 826: 825: 741: 738: 737: 706: 703: 702: 684:inline citations 661: 658: 657: 628: 625: 624: 600: 593: 511:Copyright policy 469: 422:lacks creativity 382:inline citations 335: 328: 321: 189:Non-free content 145:Copyright policy 127: 110: 109: 103: 91: 90: 84: 74: 67: 26: 25: 19: 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1406: 1399: 1393: 1390: 1344: 1341: 1295: 1292: 1290: 1287: 1254: 1251: 1249: 1246: 1245: 1244: 1241: 1237: 1233: 1230: 1222:Charles Lipson 1212: 1209: 1202: 1201: 1193: 1188: 1185: 1182: 1163: 1160: 1157: 1156: 1155: 1154: 1148: 1142: 1136: 1109: 1106: 1105: 1104: 1103: 1097: 1091: 1064: 1061: 1060: 1059: 1058: 1052: 1046: 1040: 1013: 1010: 1009: 1008: 1007: 993: 987: 981: 954: 951: 950: 949: 948: 942: 936: 909: 906: 905: 904: 903: 897: 891: 864: 861: 860: 859: 858: 852: 846: 819: 799: 798: 784: 781: 780: 779: 757: 756: 733: 730: 727: 726: 725: 718: 717: 698: 696: 695: 677: 676: 653: 651: 650: 644: 643: 620: 617: 614: 608: 605: 602: 601: 594: 586: 581: 578: 575: 572: 571: 567: 564: 561: 557: 553: 547: 546: 542: 541: 537: 533: 529: 525: 521: 517: 513: 507: 506: 502: 501: 497: 493: 489: 487:Citing sources 485: 479: 478: 477:Sourcing pages 474: 473: 442: 441: 429: 413: 403: 386:Citing sources 341: 340: 338: 337: 330: 323: 315: 312: 311: 310: 309: 304: 299: 294: 289: 281: 280: 276: 275: 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2104: 2100: 2096: 2093: 2090: 2087: 2084: 2081: 2078: 2075: 2070: 2069:Uw-plagiarism 2065: 2063: 2060: 2059: 2055: 2050: 2047: 2044: 2040: 2037: 2034: 2031: 2030: 2029: 2023: 2021: 2017: 2015: 2011: 2009: 2001: 1997: 1994: 1990: 1987: 1986: 1985: 1983: 1978: 1974: 1972: 1968: 1959: 1957: 1952: 1951: 1950: 1949: 1943: 1937: 1933: 1929: 1922: 1915: 1910: 1905: 1895: 1885: 1875: 1868: 1859: 1857: 1855: 1850: 1846: 1840: 1832: 1830: 1828: 1824: 1819: 1817: 1813: 1809: 1803: 1801: 1797: 1793: 1789: 1783: 1781: 1774: 1769: 1764: 1762: 1760: 1756: 1755: 1750: 1745: 1738: 1731: 1725: 1722: 1715: 1709: 1703: 1697: 1696: 1695: 1692: 1690: 1686: 1682: 1678: 1674: 1670: 1665: 1659: 1651: 1649: 1644: 1634: 1625: 1617: 1615: 1613: 1609: 1608:Verifiability 1599: 1595: 1592: 1588: 1587: 1584: 1576: 1574: 1569: 1562: 1558: 1554: 1547: 1537: 1527: 1520: 1514: 1510: 1502: 1500: 1498: 1493: 1491: 1487: 1483: 1479: 1472: 1460: 1455: 1453: 1445: 1441: 1440: 1439: 1436: 1426: 1423:November 2023 1417: 1412: 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