Knowledge:Naming conventions (geographic names)

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name is used, it should be followed by the modern English name in parentheses on the first occurrence of the name in applicable sections of the article in the format: "historical name (modern name)". This resembles linking; it should not be done to the detriment of style. On the other hand, it is probably better to do too often than too rarely. If more than one historical name is applicable for a given historical context, the other names should be added after the modern English name, i.e.: "historical name (English name, other historical names)".

1749:, which officially changed its name from Bombay in 1995. Per Knowledge's naming policy, our choice of name does not automatically follow the official or local form, but depends on that change having become predominant in common global usage. That can be assessed by reviewing up-to-date references to the place in a modern context in reliable, authoritative sources such as news media, other encyclopedias, atlases and academic publications as well as the official publications of major English-speaking countries, for example the CIA World Factbook. 986:, and the article itself use either, consistently. Articles should not be moved from one national variety to the other without good reasons; our principle of most common name does not mean "use American, because there are more Americans in the English speaking world". On the other hand, especially when local usage is itself divided, we do not always follow a mere plurality of local English usage against the rest of the English-speaking world: 1633:, when the double name is the overwhelmingly most common name in English (in this case, it has become most common because it is official and customary in Switzerland; the usage does not appear to be controversial). This should not be done to settle a dispute between national or linguistic points of view; it should only be done when the double name is actually what English-speakers call the place. 1764: 1198:

period, namely, the modern era for current names, or the relevant historical period for historical names. For modern sources, it is important to identify any recent watershed moments in the location's history (such as the fall of the Soviet Union for Eastern Europe, or other revolutions, invasions and nationality changes), and limit sources to those published after that watershed.

42: 2150:, it is worth discussing whether the same should be done with all districts in the country. But titles should not be forced into uniformity when this would be a violation of idiom or otherwise inappropriate (for example, when the administrative unit is coterminous with an island and covered in the same article); it should be decided in each case on its merits. 1667:

a substantial majority of reliable modern sources do the same; this includes the names of articles relating to particular historical periods. Names have changed both because cities have been formally renamed and because cities have been taken from one state by another; in both cases, however, we are interested in what reliable English-language sources now use.

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Search engine tests should be used with care: in testing whether a name is widely accepted English usage, we are interested in hits which are in English, represent English usage, mean the place in question, and are not duplicates of each other or of Knowledge. Search engine results can fail on all of

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Also generally reliable are standard histories and scientific studies of the area in question (examples: Cambridge Histories; the Library of Congress country studies; Library of Congress Subject Headings; and Oxford dictionaries). However, due caution is needed in case they are dated, not relevant to

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foreign or historical names represented in Roman script. (It is technically possible to bold or italicize Greek or Cyrillic names; but there is consensus not to do so, because they are distinguishable from running text anyway.) If this produces a garish first paragraph, consider moving the discussion

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foreign language names (one used by at least 10% of sources in the English language or that is used by a group of people which used to inhabit this geographical place) are permitted. Local official names should be listed before other alternate names if they differ from a widely accepted English name.

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For an article about a place whose name has changed over time, context is important. For articles discussing the present, use the modern English name (or local name, if there is no established English name), rather than an older one. Older names should be used in appropriate historical contexts when

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There have been widespread efforts since the 1980s at the USBGN level and at state government level to remove racial slurs ("Jap", "Chink", "Squaw", and others) from official names, which may conflict with the widespread usage in historic documents. The most commonly-used name might not necessarily

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References: When referring to a place from another article (e.g. in infoboxes) note these guidelines do not prohibit, nor do they require, the suffixing of country names to the place. Both "Middletown, Connecticut, US" and "Middletown, Connecticut" are permissible. The presence of the country should

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Alternatively, all alternative names can be listed and explained in a "Names" or "Etymology" section immediately following the lead, or a special paragraph of the lead; it is recommended to have such a section if there are at least three alternate names, or there is something notable about the names

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There are cases in which the local authority recognizes equally two or more names from different languages, but English discussion of the place is so limited that none of the above tests indicate which of them is widely used in English; so there is no single local name, and English usage is hard to

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Some of these problems will be lessened if the search includes an English word, like "city" or "river", as well as the placename. (If this is done with one proposed placename, it must of course be done for all competing proposals.) Another approach is to examine the first few pages of hits, and see

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Phase 2 of the GNIS data compilation set out to add names from state and local sources; and phase 3 set out to correct for differences between actual names in use and what USGS topographic maps had said prior to 1981 (the cutoff point for phase 1). Phase 3 never happened, however, and the currency

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Using disambiguation by state in cases where it is not necessary has the advantage of providing consistent article titles for places in the United States (a majority of which are ambiguous and so require disambiguation anyway), but the disadvantage of inconsistency with titles used for articles on

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Levels below the country level are used in cases where disambiguation is needed. This means one would start with either the state/territory or the district. Most Indian place names have serious spelling issues because of their local language origin. But district names have more uniformly accepted

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Nevertheless, other names, especially those used significantly often (say, 10% of the time or more) in the available English literature on a place, past or present, should be mentioned in the article, as encyclopedic information. Two or three alternative names can be mentioned in the first line of

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Google may give unreliable estimates at the onset of a search; it is often preferable to restrict the competing searches to less than 1000 hits, and examine the number of hits on the final page. Google does not return more than 1,000 actual results; hit counts above this are estimates which cannot

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Within articles, places should generally be referred to by the same name as is used in their article title, or a historical name when discussing a past period. Use of one name for a settlement in 2000 does not determine what name we should give the same settlement in 1900 or in 1400, nor the other

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in discussing the same city in different periods. Use of one name for a settlement in 2000 does not determine what name we should give the same settlement in 1900 or in 1400, nor the other way around. Many settlements, however, should keep the same name; it is a question of fact, of actual English

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Article titles should be in the majority language (Finnish or Swedish) of the province, municipality, region or sub-region, unless there is a well-established name in English. The minority language of the area should be mentioned in the lead in italics. Any second name needs to be referenced by a

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The contents (this applies to all articles using the name in question): The same name as in the title should be used consistently throughout the article, unless there is a widely accepted historical English name for a specific historical context. In cases when a widely accepted historical English

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Please remember that Google Scholar and Google Books are imperfectly random selections out of the whole corpus of English writing. If the results could easily have arisen by chance (for example, if there are only half-a-dozen or so valid hits on all the alternatives combined), this is not a good

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search of Google Books can provide valuable insights. But even a widely recognized name change will take time to be reflected in such searches, as they may still include references to the place name before the change. Also, relatively obscure places that have a major impact on history during a

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Some sources require individual analysis to be useful; these include books and articles, such as those found at Google Scholar or Google Books. They must be looked at individually for accuracy, possible bias, and appropriateness of period. Even if a book or scholarly article was written after

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English-language news media can also be very reliable sources. Due caution must be given to the possibility of bias in some, such as for nationalistic, religious or political reasons. However, major global sources are generally reliable, such as major authoritative English-language newspapers

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A name can be considered as widely accepted if a neutral and reliable source states: "X is the name most often used for this entity". Without such an assertion, the following sources may be helpful in establishing a widely accepted name. It is important that the sources be from the appropriate

4315:, and various should all be "Hajjiabad" as that is the dominant transliteration, unless another form for a particular Hajjiabad is used in a majority of sources. Linking from a disambiguation page is required for all deviant spellings to enable a user to find the Hajjiabad in question. 915:

Where there is such a section, the article's first line should have only a link to the section, phrased, for example: "(known also by several ])". When there are several significant alternate names, the case for mentioning the names prominently is at least as strong as with

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English name should be used. If neither of these English names exist, the modern official name (in articles dealing with the present) or the local historical name (in articles dealing with a specific period) should be used. All applicable names can be used in the titles of

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is translated as "Rural District"; and these translations are used throughout. Generic geographic terms such as "river", "mountain", "island", "castle", and modifiers such as "north", "old", "new", "red", should be translated except when in names of populated places: thus

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Names of places should generally use the English name, unless it is more commonly known in English sources by the local name. For example, mountains should be titled ] rather than ], rivers should be titled ] rather than ], and islands should be titled ] rather than ].

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3790:, minor civil divisions, such as townships, the name of a minor civil division should follow the convention of Division, State, only including the relevant county of a division in between division and state if there are multiple divisions of the same name in a state. 779:, in a modern context, exists for a place, we should use it. This will often be a local name, or one of them; but not always. If the place does not exist anymore, or the article deals only with a place in a period when it held a different name, the widely accepted 2029:

If a place belongs to a class, and the class is conventionally capitalized as part of the proper name of the place, then Knowledge capitalizes that class name (conversely, lowercase otherwise) whether the name appears in a sentence or a heading or a title; e.g.

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are acceptable to settle the matter, despite their problems; one solution is to follow English usage where it can be determined, and to adopt the name used by the linguistic majority where English usage is indecisive. This has been done, for example, with the

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Another useful idea, especially when one name seems to be used often in the construct "X (also called Y)" in sources that consistently use X thereafter, is to search for "and X" against "and Y" (or "in X" versus "in Y") to see which is common in running prose.

1545:, which may also appear in Google Book or Google Scholar searches, are unacceptable sources. When using Google search results as a usage metric, always include "-wikipedia" in the search conditions. This will exclude some, although not all, Knowledge mirrors. 2282:

The pages and categories below represent what discussion and opinions have actually taken place in Knowledge. Their force consists of the force of their arguments and the extent of the consensus that backs them; listing here does not warrant either virtue.

1506:. But what we want is the word they consistently use to refer to the city; it is very difficult to find that with a search engine, especially when the question is: does the source call nineteenth- or eighteenth-century Bratislava something different? 1421:, which used to be the default encoding format for computer-readable versions of the data, GNIS records for a long time were unable to include diacritic characters. The use of the tilde in Spanish names took some years to be reflected, for example. 637: 1457:

Search engines will find hits when a paper in English is quoting foreign text, which may well include foreign placenames. This often occurs when citing a paper by title. For example, hits which are in fact citations of German papers which use

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Experience shows that the straightforward solution of a double or triple name is often unsatisfactory; there are all too many complaints that one or the other name should be first. We also deprecate any discussion of which name the place

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Google Scholar will frequently return post office addresses, especially for modern university towns. This attests to local usage, not to English usage (except of course for settlements in the English-speaking world, for which local usage

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The secondary names of municipalities should not be mentioned in other articles than the article about the municipality itself. For instance, "Helsinki (Swedish: Helsingfors)" should not be used anywhere else than in the lead section of

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Use modern English names for titles and in articles. Historical names or names in other languages can be used in the lead if they are frequently used and important enough to be valuable to readers, and should be used in articles with

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search results can provide a quick guide to the relative predominance of alternative names across the media as a whole, provided the search parameters are properly set, but as with all raw search numbers, they should be used with

1686:, these being the current names of these cities, although former names (Constantinople, Ragusa, Stalingrad, and Leningrad) are also used when referring to appropriate historical periods (if any), including such article names as 2784:, the local authority recognizes equally two or more names from different languages, and English discussion is often so limited that none of the above tests indicate which of them is widely used in English. However, there is an 1816:

It is often the case that the same widely accepted English name will apply to more than one place, or to a place and to other things; in either case disambiguation will be necessary. For general rules about this topic, see

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Many names are used for several places, often several places of the same type. In addition, many placenames have become surnames, and papers which are by authors with those surnames do not establish English usage for the

1840:). However, if idiom or specific naming conventions indicate a different article title as more appropriate, then a redirect should be created to that article from the term for which it is the primary topic. For example, 1996:

If specific disambiguation conventions apply to places of a particular type or in a particular country, then it is important to follow these. Such conventions (or links to them) can be found in the section below titled

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on the historical cities on the site of modern Istanbul – or part of it. It is sometimes common practice in English to use name forms from different languages to indicate cultural or political dominance. For example,

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use ]. Where disambiguation is required, places in Italy are disambiguated using the "comma convention" by the larger of the region, province or municipality needed to identify it uniquely, as appropriate, not as

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Geographical articles include both the English and Spanish names of the locality in the lead, but continue with the English name only. Articles on individual islands also note the Spanish name in the infobox.

4296:("village") – as these terms often distinguish the place from another place of similar or identical name. Inclusion of spaces in place names should follow English sources, if available, or official usage. 3799: 1937:

Places are often disambiguated by the country in which they lie. If using the country name would still lead to ambiguity, use the name of a smaller administrative division (such as a state or province)

2881:). If the name of the locality is not unique within a federal subject, precede the federal subject disambiguator with the name of the district on the territory of which the locality is situated (e.g., 4245:

Where possible, articles on places in Iran use ]. Where disambiguation is required, name of the highest available administrative subdivision is used (but its level is not included in the title): thus

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When necessary to disambiguate with other articles, preference is given to using the author's name (literature), the name of the work (television or movies), or other connective quality. For example:

2001:. If a country has no convention listed, and there is a clear pattern among the articles on places in that country, follow it. Please note any such pattern here, as a proposed national convention. 2342:

is spelled idiomatically either with a "u" or an "o" as last letter. For consistency on Knowledge, title articles using the "u" spelling unless a proper name in English uses the "o" spelling.

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Some websites mechanically copy and compile other websites, including Knowledge itself. These should not be counted as separate instances of English usage, but as the same instance duplicated.

3030: 2119:, since that is the prevalent usage in English. However, English usage is sometimes inconsistent or too small, in which case the naming is a matter of editorial decision; for example, we have 2882: 2424: 1021:

Names not in Roman script should be transliterated (in italics). If there are multiple frequently used transliterations (again, used by at least 10% of the English sources), include them.

358: 1933:. The disambiguation tag provides context to the reader, and helps uniquely identify places when multiple places share the same name. The following general principles apply to such tags: 4756: 3035:

Where possible, articles on places in the United Kingdom use ]. Where disambiguation is required, a different system is used in each of England, Northern Ireland, Scotland, and Wales.

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Local government areas are at their official name. Where further disambiguation is required, the local government area name is used in parentheses following the state name: ] (such as

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In brackets after the name, based on the local district, river, settlement, region or state. The brackets are often an official part of the name and appear on road signs. Examples:

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way around. Many settlements, however, should keep the same name; it is a question of fact, of actual English usage, in all cases. For example, when discussing the city now called

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If further disambiguation is required, then another form of natural and recognisable disambiguation should be used, such as traditional regions, committee areas etc. For example,

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readily be examined, and are imperfect evidence of actual usage. Adding additional search terms may reduce the number of hits to this range, but adds additional random variance.

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In some cases, a compromise is reached between editors to avoid giving the impression of support for a particular national point of view. For example, the reasonably common name

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what proportion of them are false hits. But the only certain control is to count how many hits are genuinely in English, assert English usage, and deal with the place discussed.

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is acceptable, but for other states, use the short name or "State of" or "Commonwealth of" to name the state or its government, always capitalized if matching the formal name.

3306: 2634: 560: 69: 3416:, irrespective of the type of landform the article's subject is, and irrespective of whether disambiguation is necessary. Thus, for example, the article on Perot Island is at 2183:

Where possible, articles about fictional cities or localities are located at ], regardless of any naming convention for the country in which the locality is set. For example:

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However, for some countries specific naming conventions recommend using a sub-national entity (state, province, county, prefecture or similar) as the disambiguation tag. See

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As an exception, a local official name different from a widely accepted English name should be both in such separate section and in the lead, in the form "(Foreign language:

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In some cases, including most settlements in the United States, the title should include state name as a comma-separated tag, even when it is not needed for disambiguation.

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Knowledge articles must have a single title, by the design of the system; this page is intended to help editors agree on which name of a place is to appear as the title.

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When the name of the locality is unique within Russia, but conflicts with the name of another locality in a different country, disambiguate the name with "Russia" (e.g.,

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provides that article titles should be chosen for the general reader, not for specialists. By following modern English usage, we also avoid arguments about what a place

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determines official federal nomenclature for the United States. Most often, actual American usage follows it, even in such points as the omission of apostrophes, as in

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Localities (other than suburbs) and places such as train stations, parks, etc., may be disambiguated, where necessary, by reference to city rather than state (e.g.,

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use ]. Where disambiguation with a place outside of Indonesia is required, ] is used, if disambiguation between two places in Indonesia is required, ] is used.

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Where multiple geographic names occur in a title, the names should be placed in alphabetical order unless there is a clear reason for another order. Examples:

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use ]. Where disambiguation with a place outside of Malaysia is required, ] is used, if disambiguation between two places in Malaysia is required, ] is used.

4471: 3680:(omitting the state name), if there is no other metropolitan area with this name; this applies even if the city's own article has a state name; for example, 1783:

so they stand out. If there are more names than this, or the lead section is cluttered, a separate paragraph on the names of the place is often a good idea.

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If no name can be shown to be widely accepted in English, use the local name. If more than one local name exists, follow the procedure explained below under

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the article title (unless it is a descriptive title, rarely the case with geographical articles), and its frequently used English-language synonyms, and to

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When the name of the locality is unique, but conflicts with the name of a different concept, use the parenthesized locality type as disambiguator (e.g.,

1294: 631: 585: 240: 220: 31: 2885:). If the title is still ambiguous, lower levels of administrative divisions and/or parenthesized locality type can be used for further disambiguation. 4450: 4445: 2608: 2524: 692:

This page describes conventions for determining the titles of Knowledge articles on places, and for the use of place names in Knowledge articles. Our

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for the title that is most appropriate by these naming conventions, then its article should carry that name without disambiguation tag (for example,

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unless they are not the primary topic for that name. In other cases, this guideline recommends following the "comma convention" as described above.

2814: 2450: 2379: 1102:). If a native name is more often used in English sources than a corresponding traditional English name, then use the native name. Two examples are 760: 580: 575: 500: 383: 324: 314: 3572: 3515: 2855: 1414:

be the most up-to-date and accurate name. Or, vice versa, the official USBGN name might not yet have caught up with official state-level changes.

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Primary topic should be judged against all encyclopedic usages of a name; thus, for example, Phoenix is considered not primary because of the

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use ]. Where disambiguation is required, ] is used. Where there are multiple South African places with the same name, then ] is used (e.g.

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The number of larger settlements or islands that are likely to be well known outside of the region, that also require disambiguation such as

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Language-filtered searches include works that contain only brief English sections. These sections may not discuss the place name in question.

1435: 1140: 716:, its preferred mode of dispute resolution, in several geographic naming debates. Two significant conflicts have been brought to Knowledge's 570: 550: 441: 262: 253: 245: 230: 210: 153: 53: 1893:

in the name; national conventions and idiom should be followed in this matter. For example, rivers in the UK and Ireland follow the pattern

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If the place does not exist any more, or the article deals only with a place in a period when it held a different name, the widely accepted

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Where there is no Knowledge convention on a specific country and disambiguation is necessary, it is generally reasonable to use ], as in

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Generic parenthetical disambiguating tags as used for most Knowledge articles are used only occasionally for geographic names (as in

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When naming topics related to some specific country, prefer the form "(Item) of (Country)" over forms with adjectives (for example,

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It is Knowledge convention to emphasize alternative names at first use, normally in the first line. It is customary to repeat and

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English name should be used. If there is no such name in English, use the historical name that is now used locally – for more, see

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The Google Scholar and Google Books search engines can provide helpful results, if parameters are properly set. In particular, a

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particular time period will continue to show disproportionately large search returns for the location's name during that period.

1135:. They may also appear in the lead paragraph or in a special section of the article, in accordance with the advice given in the 2751: 2167: 2128: 717: 363: 3526:

has the same name, specify the type of local government unit in parentheses before the comma, for any article that is not the

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Infoboxes should generally be headed with the article title, and include these alternate names. The formal version of a name (

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Froke, Paula; Bratton, Anna Jo; Gross, Andale; McMillan, Jeff; Sarkar, Pia; Schwartz, Jeff; Vadarevu, Raghuram, eds. (2022).

4436:). Suburbs and neighbourhoods are sometimes also disambiguated using ] although this convention is not consistently applied. 3989: 3351:

use ]. Where disambiguation is required, ] is used. An exception applies when the city name and the state name are the same:

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It is useful for all divisions of the same type in a country to share the same article title format (for example, nearly all

1768: 1615: 1058:, in a modern context, exists for a place, we should use it. This will often be identical in form to the local name (as with 771:

These are advice, intended to guide, not force, consensus; but they are derived from actual experience in move discussions.

1901:. For many countries the additional word is used when needed for disambiguation purposes, but is otherwise omitted: compare 4691: 3319:

In Latin America a lot of entities have the same names, therefore some coordination is done for toponyms from this region.

3543: 2331:. In some cases, nevertheless, ], ], etc., may be necessary for several locations within Hong Kong bearing the same name. 1600: 1513:

Y)" attest to English usage of X, and Foolanguage usage of Y. The latter matters to the Foolanguage Knowledge, not to us.

1382:. However, if colloquial usage does differ, we should prefer actual American usage to the official name. Similarly, its 3681: 2172: 1930: 1914: 1726:

In some cases it is not the local name but the spelling of the name in English that has changed over time. For example,

1110:, which are now known more widely under their native names than under the older English names "Leghorn" and "Ratisbon". 1921:

In some cases, the article title should include additional text, such as a country name or province name, for example,

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Disinterested, authoritative reference works are almost always reliable (assuming they are current). Examples include:

3561:(e.g., "Kansas City, Missouri, US") because that is contrary to general American usage. Postal abbreviations (such as 3149: 2566: 2244:

For a list of pages dealing with the transliteration of names from other writing systems into the Latin alphabet, see

2162: 2139: 1542: 1286: 1256: 672: 665: 467: 3391:). The cities that share names with states have been placed at ], with the state taking the ] location: for example, 2969: 2805:

Therefore, articles about locations in South Tyrol are placed according to the language of the linguistic majority.

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Where disambiguation is required, the "Provincename" and the comma convention is used, thus ] or for districts ].

4262: 3531: 3461: 3145: 2412: 974:, different national varieties of the English language spell a foreign name differently, we should also consider 2645:

Where possible, articles on places on the Isle of Man use ]. Where disambiguation is required, ] is used. Thus

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for a header) can be substituted for it; extensive historical names are often better in a second infobox, as at

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An ambiguous state name is OK when clear from context or previous disambiguation e.g. "Washington" the article

3527: 2936: 2633:. This same convention applies to both the Republic of Ireland and Northern Ireland. For further guidance see 2550: 2192: 2014: 1968: 1818: 1691: 1222: 737: 462: 137: 4250: 2801:

In the few cases where there is a widely used English name, it is usually that of the majority language group.

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of phase 2 varies as different states completed phase 2 at different points over a span of more than a decade.

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watershed events that resulted in a name change, it may use historical place names in the context of the work.

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If disambiguation is required, and the place is in the same local government district as a larger settlement

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capitals) are named according to the most common English usage. All other settlements are named according to

4288:, not "Sorkh Castle" or "Red Castle". If no common English usage is found, use the official name, including 3755: 3173: 3043: 2249: 1406:, it is evidence of widespread English usage; where it does not, it is not addressing our primary question. 3288:

Settlements in the Highland council area. Where disambiguation is required, ] should be used. For example,

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dispute; they are older than this page). There are other cities for which policy is still debated, such as

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has been adopted, mainly because it is neither Korean nor Japanese. Similarly, Knowledge's version of the

4265:, or some such, unless disambiguation of Tidar in Bashagard is needed - which should be quite uncommon). 3932: 3685: 3600: 3507: 3421: 3356: 2562: 2245: 2057: 1975: 1960: 1864: 1860: 1829: 1168: 1136: 2693:

Articles previously used the two-letter abbreviations for the provinces: these should no longer be used.

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After a forward slash (noting that this is currently deprecated. Brackets may be used instead). Example:

4163:). Municipality articles follow the format ], and if disambiguation is needed or is necessary, ] (e.g., 3671: 3417: 3120: 2965: 2630: 2625:

Where possible, articles on places in Ireland use ]. Where disambiguation is required, ] is used. Thus

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We recommend choosing a single name, by some objective criterion, even a somewhat arbitrary one. Simple

1213: 733: 3992:, the long-form is preferred. There is no official short-form name for the country. The use of simply " 2541:). Where disambiguation is required, follow the official disambiguation system which may take 3 forms: 4615:—although Washington, D.C., does have a territorial qualifier and New York is naturally disambiguated. 2423:

Native English names for places should be used, but the local language's name if there isn't one. The

4168: 4160: 3826: 3608: 3506:

when located in US territories. A placename that needs additional disambiguation should include its

3388: 3364: 3130: 3062: 2889: 1926: 1687: 3996:" can be seen as inaccurate and ambiguous, since this name primarily refers to a geographic region. 2545:

Part of the official name itself often using a river, nearby settlement, region or state. Examples:

2461:, they are often used in village name disambiguation, instead of higher-level administrative units. 4625: 3539: 3302: 3047: 2964:

Villages are always (regardless of reason) disambiguated using municipality name, for consistency:

2932:

use undisambiguated title, where applicable. When disambiguation is needed, follow the convention:

2716: 2585: 2570: 2554: 2470: 2233: 2219: 2050: 2046: 1780: 1409:

Be aware of the conflict between what is widely accepted and what is official in several contexts.

1351: 1312: 850: 725: 713: 4062:. So the solution for spelling issues is to disambiguate smaller places by adding the name of the 4629: 4351: 4192: 4156: 4128: 4063: 4034: 3910: 3834: 3822: 3729: 3584: 3473: 3216: 3153: 3074: 3012: 2912: 2837: 2763: 2731: 2712: 2497: 2328: 2078: 2042: 1792: 1642: 1623: 1565: 1306: 1279: 1180: 1132: 1030: 785: 78: 65: 3240:

When disambiguation is required for a settlement on a Scottish Island, ] is used. For example,

2873:

When the name of the locality is not unique within Russia, use the comma-separated name of the

4633: 4067: 3951: 2956: 2720: 2650: 2558: 2546: 2203: 2035: 1898: 1875: 1739: 1387: 869: 803: 3281:

Settlements in Argyll and Bute. Mainland Argyll settlements should be styled ]. For example,

2607:

For further guidance on German placenames, including geographical and man-made features, see

4659: 4637: 4612: 4580: 4408: 4400: 4258: 4254: 3943:, which needs to be disambiguated from its namesake in the UK. State/territory names should 3868: 3818: 3667: 3260: 3256: 3249: 3116: 2952: 2739: 2727: 2705: 2577: 2272: 2268: 1952: 1712: 1683: 1595: 1327: 975: 897: 885: 877: 831: 819: 811: 3053:

Disambiguation should not normally be to England, Wales, Scotland or Northern Ireland, and

2099:

of places follow the same guidance: do what English does. For example, we write of Russian

4246: 3384: 3289: 3271: 3245: 3241: 3138: 3134: 2261: 2061: 1964: 1611: 1379: 741: 3042:

it is unambiguously within that larger settlement itself, ] should be used. For example,

2948: 2041:

Some class names are not considered parts of proper names, but rather descriptors, as in

1859:

When there are conventional means of disambiguation in standard English, use them, as in

1742:

spells the city as was customary in 1842, because modern English scholarship still does.

1394:, it has a conventional name field. Its BGN Approved is a systematic transliteration, as 4662:

lists as not requiring the state qualifier in a journalistic context, unless they, like

4334:

Knowledge talk:WikiProject Israel/Archive 2 § Knowledge:Naming conventions (settlements)

4299:

Places with the same Persian name should generally be spelled the same in English, e.g.

4592: 3352: 3282: 3275: 3188: 2798:

Most municipalities have a large majority, often a 90% majority, of one language group.

2785: 2701: 2600: 2501: 2158:

For further guidance on the naming of articles about lakes, mountains and rivers, see:

1988:, where no regional tag would be sufficient to distinguish the town from the island of 1906: 1695: 1156: 954: 791: 4740: 4604: 4572: 4568: 3860: 3775: 3747: 3604: 3495: 3234: 3105: 2866: 2596: 2581: 2104: 1868: 1460: 868:

language names may appear in alphabetic order of their respective languages – i.e., (

4658:. Current convention is to omit the state only with the well-known cities which the 3716:

as not requiring the state modifier in newspaper articles have their articles named

3607:

if the base name of the city is the same as the term being considered. For example,

1707:

is often written as Stettin (the German name) for the period before 1945; likewise,

4717: 4576: 4540: 4425: 4071: 3817:

The common names of states are just the state name, with disambiguation needed for

3712: 3588: 3558: 3554: 3425: 2396: 1985: 1922: 1902: 1894: 1845: 1833: 1262:

Many governments have an agency to standardize the use of place names, such as the

693: 3360: 2903:

Titles of articles about the administrative divisions follow the same principles.

2142:

have the format "Province of X"), so if one district has its article renamed from

1763: 4433: 4429: 3887: 3880: 3876: 3872: 3856: 3852: 3848: 3844: 3840: 3751: 3717: 3691: 3677: 3651: 3647: 3580: 3542:

bear two states' names due to their peculiar locations across state lines (e.g.,

3503: 3499: 2053:. As usual, we look to sources to determine what is conventionally capitalized. 4596: 4564: 4560: 4548: 4285: 3460:

For the guideline for stylizing abbreviations for the United States itself, see

3392: 2940: 2781: 2671: 2056:

When the class name appears in a disambiguator, it is generally lowercase; e.g.

1956: 1630: 1331: 795: 794:: The title can be followed in the first line by a list of alternative names in 752:). Other long-standing problems have been settled through compromise or voting. 3383:. Where disambiguation is required, ], is used (the "comma convention", as in 3156:

should be used as appropriate to identify the relative locations. For example,

2427:

should be used for articles related to Brussels. For castles or stately homes,

967:

This page is a guideline; it is not intended to overrule all other guidelines.

4584: 4512: 4312: 3993: 3412:

All geographic articles relating to places in Bermuda have titles in the form

2482: 2324: 1837: 1499: 1386:

normally presents local official usage in the country concerned (for example,

1335: 1107: 949:

Use of widely accepted historical names implies that names can change; we use

839: 17: 4387:

Articles that directly relate to the dispute include a translation involving

3144:

If there are multiple places of the same name within the same district, then

2682:

regions. Places in those provinces that require disambiguation take the form

4600: 4588: 4556: 4544: 4516: 4500: 4308: 4300: 4152: 4093: 4021:

A guideline in conjunction with this convention is adopted and described at

3931:; however, the name of a city or town may be used alone if the place is the 3896:

The above is meant to be descriptive of common practices, not prescriptive.

3767: 3763: 3633: 3612: 3328: 3058: 2626: 2538: 2320: 2187: 1699: 1679: 1675: 1318: 1164: 1152: 950: 905: 745: 2858:: cities/towns, urban-type settlements, and all kinds of rural localities. 2589: 1981:

Rivers can also be disambiguated by the body of water into which they flow.

1853: 1708: 4376:

is encyclopedic information, of particular importance with respect to the

3611:, includes the state name in its title and is also the primary topic for " 3111:

When the city and county use variants of the same name, disambiguate with

1824:

The following should be considered in disambiguating the names of places.

1358:

Raw counts from Google must be considered with extreme caution, if at all.

1283: 4532: 4474:, for articles tagged as needing editing to conform to naming conventions 4304: 4109: 3759: 3380: 2747: 2675: 2490: 2199: 1704: 1671: 1391: 1148: 958: 937: 854: 846: 1723:, which in various contexts is referred to as Vilnius, Wilno or Vilna. 4726: 4663: 4608: 4536: 4528: 4508: 4496: 4164: 2735: 2530: 2408: 1735: 1727: 1720: 1323: 1103: 1095: 1083: 1067: 721: 3859:. This avoids confusion with state universities and sports teams like 1974:

With natural features, the tag normally appears in parentheses, as in

1603:, based on an officially published linguistic survey of the area (see 1343:

the period in question, or written by a non-native speaker of English.

4695: 4524: 4520: 4504: 4155:). Where disambiguation is required, city articles go under ] (e.g., 3936: 3771: 3662:

Articles on metropolitan areas may take one of the following titles:

3396: 3376: 3348: 3292:. However, mainland Skye and Lochalsh settlements should be styled ]. 2726:

Two locations in the same region, and a third in a different region:

2646: 2534: 2477:

reliable secondary source; often the best will be recognition by the

1849: 1841: 1746: 1731: 1491: 1418: 1399: 1395: 1167:

in the context of World War II. For more details on this subject see

1063: 987: 933: 4253:. The two places called Tidar in Hormozgan Province can be found at 2990:

Knowledge:WikiProject Swiss municipalities/Article title conventions

700:

to be called, instead asking the less contentious question, what it

3450:

Knowledge:Trinidad and Tobago Wikipedians' notice board/Style guide

3438:

Knowledge:Manual of Style (Canada-related articles) § Article names

3301:

Where disambiguation is required, ] is normally used. For example,

3104:

Where disambiguation is required, ] is normally used. For example,

1959:. This is often applied to low-level administrative units as well ( 4650:

places in most other countries (where redundant disambiguation is

4552: 3646:

Articles on counties and parishes themselves are typically titled

3592: 3233:

Where disambiguation is required ] is normally used. For example,

3172:

Where disambiguation is required ] is normally used. For example,

2662: 2339: 1989: 1910: 1762: 1619: 1059: 991: 2795:

The proportions of the various language groups are fairly stable.

3573:

Knowledge:Manual of Style/Abbreviations § Special considerations

1075: 1018:

of names to a separate section, or deemphasizing some of them.

971: 3599:

should be used. When weighing a US city against other possible

3335:

and its subcategories. For the South Atlantic islands, see the

3622:

the state name (other than with a parenthetical), for example

3587:

pointing to the full-name article. In many cases, such as for

2944: 2445:

Geographic names are generally subject to standard rules from

1963:), but less so for larger subdivisions or historical regions ( 112: 36: 3886:

Appending "State" is OK when it appears in proper names like

1383: 978:, which would have articles in British English call the city 27:

English Knowledge naming convention for geographical articles

3871:

is a disambiguation page; it is especially important to use

1971:). Any specific national convention takes precedence though. 3031:

Knowledge:Naming conventions (UK Parliament constituencies)

2813:

For the name of the country and the homonymous region, see

1978:. Specific national conventions may take precedence though. 4446:

Knowledge:Manual of Style/Capital letters § Compass points

3591:, that will be impossible, because the base name may have 3538:, but not "Callicoon, New York (CDP)"). A small number of 2976:

Other geographic names are subject to standard rules from

2877:

on the territory of which the locality is situated (e.g.,

2323:

use ]. Where disambiguation is required, ] is used. Thus

1759:

Knowledge:Manual of Style/Lead section § Alternative names

1734:

spelling, is used for the name of the article rather than

3800:

WP:Naming conventions (U.S. state and territory highways)

3754:

when not at the base name, where "Borough" is one of the

3331:

use ]. Where disambiguation is required, ] is used. See

2883:

Mrakovo, Kugarchinsky District, Republic of Bashkortostan

64:

may apply. Substantive edits to this page should reflect

30:

For the notability guideline on geographic features, see

3115:

for clarity throughout the English-speaking world; thus

1159:

for the capital of the Byzantine Empire. Similarly, use

712:

The Knowledge community has found it difficult to reach

4451:

Knowledge:Manual of Style/Capital letters § Place names

4359: 4200: 4136: 4042: 3918: 3737: 3481: 3224: 3180: 3126:

For locations within Greater London, ] should be used.

3089: 3082: 3020: 2920: 2845: 2788:, by municipality, which has the following advantages: 2771: 2086: 1807: 1800: 1657: 1650: 1573: 1482:

Search engines do not normally distinguish consistent

1188: 1045: 1038: 100: 93: 86: 2504:

should be mentioned in the article's lead in italics.

2493:, unless it is of a special interest in some context. 2277:

Knowledge:Naming conventions (country-specific topics)

724:, the island, and Ireland, the state described as the 4147:

Knowledge:Manual of Style/Philippine-related articles

2300:. Use provinces or similar units for disambiguation. 4666:, conflict with another non-geographic article; the 4181:

Knowledge:Manual of Style/Singapore-related articles

4088:

Knowledge:Manual of Style/Indonesia-related articles

3307:

Knowledge:Manual of Style (Ireland-related articles)

3191:

is to be disambiguated, it should go under ]. Thus

2943:, distinguishes from numerous other toponyms called 2635:

Knowledge:Manual of Style (Ireland-related articles)

2168:

Knowledge:WikiProject Mountains § Naming conventions

1951:

With the names of cities, towns, villages and other

1131:

Other applicable names can be used in the titles of

4399:

alone thereafter. For example, "Falkland Islands (

4023:

Knowledge:Naming conventions (places in Bangladesh)

3624:

Harrisburg, Pennsylvania, in the American Civil War

2514:

Knowledge:Manual of Style/France and French-related

2459:

cantons of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina

1881:Rivers, lakes and mountains often include the word 1537:

Failure to represent independent usage of the name:

638:

Definite or indefinite article at beginning of name

4692:"How can I see more than 1000 results in google ?" 4670:is a reliable source, written in American English. 3569:for California) are never used in article titles. 3252:are treated as separate islands for this purpose. 2792:It is available on-line, and officially published. 2746:The region containing the autonomous provinces of 2621:Knowledge:Manual of Style/Ireland-related articles 2533:use ] unless there is a common English name (e.g. 2352:Knowledge:Manual of Style (Japan-related articles) 2248:. Transliteration issues are discussed further at 757:Knowledge:Manual of Style/Ireland-related articles 3978:Knowledge:Manual of Style/Hawaii-related articles 3807:Knowledge:Manual of Style/Hawaii-related articles 3468:Knowledge:Manual of Style/Hawaii-related articles 2826:Knowledge:Manual of Style/Poland-related articles 1955:, the tag is normally preceded by a comma, as in 1779:the article; it is general Knowledge practice to 1292:For spelling of place names, a good reference is 730:Arbitration Committee Ireland article naming case 4151:Where possible, articles on cities use ] (e.g., 4053:Knowledge:Manual of Style/India-related articles 2939:(towns) are disambiguated using standard rules: 2368:Knowledge:Manual of Style/Korea-related articles 2309:Knowledge:Manual of Style/China-related articles 1205:major English-language encyclopedias (examples: 4757:Knowledge naming conventions (geographic names) 4467:List of European regions with alternative names 3966:Knowledge:Naming conventions (Australian roads) 3100:Knowledge:WikiProject London/Naming conventions 3002:Knowledge:Naming conventions (Ukrainian places) 2298:Knowledge:Naming conventions (Chinese) § Places 1526:Failure to be about the place under discussion: 838:) is a large bay in the easternmost arm of the 4391:directly after the first instance of the word 3185:Knowledge talk:Welsh Wikipedians' notice board 2865:, use the romanized Russian name, as per the 1464:are not evidence of English usage, either way. 1243:Omni Gazetteer of the United States of America 3615:" alone, which redirects to the city's page. 3263:; both in Scotland and in Perth and Kinross. 2442:use undisambiguated title, where applicable. 1942: 976:our guidance on national varieties of English 904:). Separate languages should be separated by 849:in the list (including names used before the 673: 8: 4472:Category:Vague or ambiguous geographic scope 3798:US highways should be listed as is found in 2415:(exceptions may be discussed case by case). 1711:is called Danzig (the detailed decisions at 1509:For example, hits which are of the form "X ( 3927:Most Australian settlement articles are at 3603:, the US city should never be considered a 3571:(For postal abbreviations in articles, see 1402:, which is also the BGN conventional name. 853:) should be clearly marked as such, i.e., ( 60:Editors should generally follow it, though 4636:and New York isn't primary because of the 4462:List of country names in various languages 4006:Knowledge:Naming conventions (New Zealand) 3889:Washington State Department of Corrections 3829:. When referring to U.S. states in prose: 3694:if disambiguation is needed; for example, 1897:, while those in the United States follow 1618:has been resolved by naming the city page 1223:The Times Comprehensive Atlas of the World 680: 666: 132: 32:Knowledge:Notability (geographic features) 3494:, articles about populated places of the 3129:When further disambiguation is required, 2862: 2609:Knowledge:WikiProject Germany/Conventions 2525:Knowledge:WikiProject Germany/Conventions 1629:There are occasional exceptions, such as 1404:Where it acknowledges a conventional name 1362: 1295:Merriam-Webster's Geographical Dictionary 1139:. For use of names in infoboxes, see the 1114: 4078:can appear in different parts of India. 2815:Knowledge:Naming conventions (Macedonia) 2451:municipalities of Bosnia and Herzegovina 2399:Albanian name (e.g. "Vlorë", "Durrës"). 2380:Knowledge:Naming conventions (Mongolian) 761:Knowledge:Naming conventions (Macedonia) 4683: 4484: 3788:a successful 2023 Village Pump proposal 3516:Elgin, Lancaster County, South Carolina 3462:Knowledge:Manual of Style § US and U.S. 2856:types of inhabited localities in Russia 1376:United States Board on Geographic Names 1322:of London) or wire services (examples: 1264:United States Board on Geographic Names 618: 484: 448: 422: 401: 375: 341: 292: 252: 183: 162: 144: 135: 4424:Where possible, articles on places in 4225:) are given in the form ]. Provinces ( 4108:Where possible, articles on places in 4092:Where possible, articles on places in 3959:Springfield, Victoria (Macedon Ranges) 3696:Rochester metropolitan area, Minnesota 3583:format should also have a stand-alone 3375:Where possible, articles on places in 3347:Where possible, articles on cities in 3333:Category:Populated places in Argentina 3327:Where possible, articles on places in 2867:WP:RUS default romanization guidelines 2786:official linguistic survey of the area 2661:Where possible, articles on places in 2529:Where possible, articles on places in 2479:Institute for the Languages of Finland 2319:Where possible, articles on places in 1694:; not to mention separate articles on 1519:indicator of widespread English usage. 1470:Failure to reflect only English usage: 851:standardization of English orthography 4456:Knowledge:Seven rules of place naming 4332:A convention was under discussion at 3805:Hawaii has different conventions per 3700:Rochester metropolitan area, New York 3684:is the metropolitan area centered on 3670:is the metropolitan area centered on 3520:Elgin, Kershaw County, South Carolina 3336: 2879:Oktyabrsky, Republic of Bashkortostan 2483:a list of Swedish-language placenames 2364:Knowledge:Naming conventions (Korean) 2173:Knowledge:WikiProject Rivers § Naming 1915:Knowledge:WikiProject Rivers § Naming 1670:For example, we have articles called 1436:Knowledge:Google searches and numbers 1125: 1066:), but in many cases it will differ ( 154:Category:Knowledge naming conventions 7: 4752:Knowledge Manual of Style (regional) 4368:The predominant usage in English is 4209:Where possible, articles on cities ( 3557:(e.g., "Detroit, United States") or 2711:Two locations in the same province: 2700:Two locations in different regions: 2163:Knowledge:WikiProject Lakes § Naming 1998: 1909:(which require disambiguation) with 1450:Failure to use only English sources: 1289:is current and continuously updated. 1163:when discussing the city now called 750:Arbitration Committee Macedonia case 4628:, Washington is not because of the 4115:Districts are given in the form ]. 3939:rather than ]). Note cases such as 3666:A commonly used name; for example, 2977: 2446: 1498:at least once; any good history of 1250:Geographic Names Information System 1239:Columbia Gazetteer of North America 732:), and the distinction between the 3947:be abbreviated in article titles. 3618:When a place-name title continues 3403:Northern America and the Caribbean 2854:This naming convention covers all 2750:and South Tyrol is referred to as 2455:entities of Bosnia and Herzegovina 1929:. The additional text is called a 1771:, place names may be controversial 1417:For technical reasons relating to 1272:Geographical Names Board of Canada 68:. When in doubt, discuss first on 25: 4279:is translated as "District"; and 4058:names and they can be checked at 2034:and not "Buenos Aires province", 1259:), whether printed or electronic. 740:until it was changed in 2019, to 744:) and the various other uses of 116: 40: 3984:Micronesia, Federated States of 3750:are identified by the standard 2449:, however, because many of the 2395:For places in Albania, use the 2202:, not "Manawaka, Manitoba" (in 2190:, not "Sunnydale, California" ( 1844:redirects to the article named 1390:); in a handful of cases, like 1220:widely used atlases (examples: 982:, articles in American English 52:documents an English Knowledge 4722:(56th ed.). Associated Press. 4719:The Associated Press Stylebook 4380:Argentine territorial claim. 4327:Naming conventions (West Bank) 3990:Federated States of Micronesia 3502:when located in a US state or 2897:Dikson (urban-type settlement) 2670:. The autonomous provinces of 2304: 2060:not "Rio de Janeiro (State)", 2011:France–United States relations 1738:. However, the article on the 1616:Derry/Londonderry name dispute 1: 4271:is translated as "Province"; 3849:Commonwealth of Massachusetts 3626:, a comma is included before 3549:Articles on US cities should 3544:Glenrio, New Mexico and Texas 3133:should be used. For example, 2861:When a place does not have a 1601:municipalities of South Tyrol 1255:maps (such as those from the 4747:Knowledge naming conventions 4654:used), as well as a loss of 3682:Sacramento metropolitan area 2752:Trentino-Alto Adige/Südtirol 2107:), but of Chinese and Roman 1056:widely accepted English name 923:; known also by several ])". 777:widely accepted English name 4275:is translated as "County"; 4263:Tidar, Bashagard, Hormozgan 4229:) are given in the form ]. 3877:Washington State University 3724:New York City neighborhoods 3631: 3570: 3305:. For further guidance see 3187:it was agreed that where a 2567:Eschenbach in der Oberpfalz 2425:Brussels naming conventions 2073:Administrative subdivisions 1913:(which does not). See also 1543:Knowledge mirrors and forks 1287:Central Intelligence Agency 1257:National Geographic Society 1000:not be changed arbitrarily. 4773: 4349: 4217:) use ]. Urban districts ( 4190: 4144: 4126: 4085: 4060:List of districts in India 4050: 4032: 3964:For Australian roads, see 3941:Newcastle, New South Wales 3908: 3727: 3540:unincorporated communities 3536:Callicoon (town), New York 3522:). If more than one place 3471: 3465: 3459: 3214: 3162:Woolston, south Shropshire 3158:Woolston, north Shropshire 3097: 3072: 3028: 3010: 2999: 2910: 2835: 2761: 2618: 2522: 2413:Belarus naming conventions 2215:Castle Rock (Stephen King) 2076: 2021:(both established names). 1943:§ Region-specific guidance 1790: 1756: 1640: 1604: 1563: 1433: 1277:For modern country names, 1178: 1028: 720:: the distinction between 359:Government and legislation 76: 70:this guideline's talk page 29: 4491:The cities listed in the 3532:Callicoon (CDP), New York 2220:Dunwich (H. P. Lovecraft) 2038:not "Mississippi river". 1874:(to distinguish from the 1235:Cambridge World Gazetteer 1228:Oxford Atlas of the World 889: 823: 485:Language/country-specific 4434:Heidelberg, Western Cape 4251:Tidar, Lorestan Province 4012:South and Southeast Asia 3865:Arizona State University 2551:Rothenburg ob der Tauber 2429:these naming conventions 2256:Region-specific guidance 2193:Buffy the Vampire Slayer 2015:Turks and Caicos Islands 1969:Nord (French department) 1819:Knowledge:Disambiguation 1692:Sieges of Constantinople 1486:of a name from a single 1267: 124:This page in a nutshell: 4221:) and rural districts ( 3752:"Neighborhood, Borough" 3579:Articles titled in the 3197:County Borough of Conwy 3174:Queensferry, Flintshire 3044:Bradwell, Milton Keynes 2453:predate the modern-day 2250:Knowledge:Accessibility 2064:not "Pegnitz (River)". 2005:Order of names in title 1208:Encyclopædia Britannica 1155:in ancient Greece, and 4412: 4407:)" or "Falklands War ( 4404: 4070:is more suitable than 3988:When referring to the 3853:state of Massachusetts 3692:" metropolitan area, " 3686:Sacramento, California 3559:"City, State, Country" 3524:within the same county 3504:"Placename, Territory" 3422:Perot Island (Bermuda) 3357:Rio de Janeiro (state) 3201:Conwy (county borough) 3164:; both in Shropshire. 3065:or postcode district. 2863:§ Widely accepted name 2684:Placename, South Tyrol 2563:Zell im Fichtelgebirge 2435:Bosnia and Herzegovina 2246:Knowledge:Romanization 2058:Rio de Janeiro (state) 1976:Eagle River (Colorado) 1961:Polk County, Tennessee 1865:Red River of the South 1861:Red River of the North 1772: 1730:, as the contemporary 1490:. Any good history of 1248:databases such as the 1233:gazetteers (examples: 1169:Knowledge:Proper names 1137:lead section guideline 901: 881: 873: 835: 815: 807: 654:Technical restrictions 268:Ethnicities and tribes 145:All naming conventions 4086:Further information: 3935:for that name (e.g., 3933:primary or only topic 3929:Town, State/Territory 3782:Minor civil divisions 3746:Neighborhoods within 3710:Cities listed in the 3672:Little Rock, Arkansas 3642:Counties and parishes 3630:after the state name 3498:are typically titled 3418:Perot Island, Bermuda 3121:Lincoln, Lincolnshire 3000:Further information: 2966:Crna Bara (Aleksinac) 2631:Westport, County Mayo 2386:Europe and North Asia 2305:Hong Kong conventions 2032:Buenos Aires Province 1766: 1214:Columbia Encyclopedia 759:. For Macedonia, see 734:Republic of Macedonia 718:Arbitration Committee 325:Programming languages 4626:mythological Phoenix 4169:San Pascual, Masbate 4161:Angeles, Philippines 3863:(which redirects to 3857:Montana state budget 3827:Georgia (U.S. state) 3678:" metropolitan area" 3609:Nashville, Tennessee 3597:DAB entry or hatnote 3266:Exceptions include: 3205:Conwy county borough 3193:Conwy County Borough 3063:former postal county 2890:Dimitrovgrad, Russia 1927:Red River (Victoria) 1688:Battle of Stalingrad 1622:and the county page 1560:Multiple local names 1430:Search engine issues 1398:– Knowledge prefers 1363:Search engine issues 1175:Widely accepted name 1115:Multiple local names 962:usage, in all cases. 694:article title policy 273:Royalty and nobility 4430:Heidelberg, Gauteng 3883:for the university. 3873:State of Washington 3605:partial title match 3444:Trinidad and Tobago 3303:Bangor, County Down 3048:Sailortown, Belfast 2688:Placename, Trentino 2571:Neustadt in Sachsen 2555:Neustadt bei Coburg 2471:Toponyms of Finland 2234:Metropolis (comics) 2051:Bongaigaon District 2047:Bongaigaon district 2019:Kura–Araxes culture 1745:Another example is 1352:Google Ngram Viewer 1313:The Washington Post 726:Republic of Ireland 4413:Guerra de Malvinas 4157:Valencia, Bukidnon 3954:, rather than ]). 3875:for the state and 3835:Washington (state) 3823:Washington (state) 3658:Metropolitan areas 3595:, in which case a 3500:"Placename, State" 3337:§ Falkland Islands 3154:compass directions 3141:; both in London. 2970:Jaša Tomić, Sečanj 2937:Municipality seats 2732:Manciano, Grosseto 2500:, the name in the 2498:Sami Domicile Area 2496:For places in the 2329:Stanley, Hong Kong 2140:provinces of Italy 2043:districts of India 1931:disambiguation tag 1828:If a place is the 1773: 1651:WP:MODERNPLACENAME 1624:County Londonderry 1307:The New York Times 1285:maintained by the 1280:The World Factbook 930:Republic of Serbia 775:The title: When a 767:General guidelines 738:disputed by Greece 4634:George Washington 4068:Tanur, Malappuram 3952:The Rocks, Sydney 3845:State of New York 3652:"X Parish, State" 3648:"X County, State" 3490:According to the 3389:Córdoba, Veracruz 3365:São Paulo (state) 2951:is distinct from 2736:Region of Tuscany 2721:Province of Cuneo 2678:are treated like 2651:Peel, Isle of Man 2559:Bernau bei Berlin 2547:Offenbach am Main 2204:Margaret Laurence 2127:) of Poland but 2036:Mississippi River 1899:Mississippi River 1876:state of New York 1753:Alternative names 1740:Treaty of Nanking 1388:Frankfurt am Main 1151:, Knowledge uses 1141:infobox guideline 755:For Ireland, see 690: 689: 416:Numbers and dates 389:Latter Day Saints 369:Political parties 131: 130: 111: 110: 54:naming convention 16:(Redirected from 4764: 4731: 4730: 4713: 4707: 4706: 4704: 4702: 4688: 4671: 4660:Associated Press 4647: 4641: 4622: 4616: 4613:Washington, D.C. 4489: 4435: 4431: 4370:Falkland Islands 4362: 4346:Falkland Islands 4319:Israel–Palestine 4259:Tidar, Hajjiabad 4255:Tidar, Bashagard 4203: 4139: 4045: 3921: 3891: 3882: 3878: 3874: 3869:Washington State 3858: 3854: 3850: 3846: 3842: 3819:New York (state) 3753: 3740: 3719: 3693: 3679: 3668:Central Arkansas 3653: 3649: 3637: 3582: 3576: 3560: 3556: 3505: 3501: 3492:comma convention 3484: 3297:Northern Ireland 3261:Kinnaird, Atholl 3257:Kinnaird, Gowrie 3250:Lewis and Harris 3227: 3225:WP:SCOTLANDPLACE 3117:Lincoln, England 3092: 3085: 3023: 2978:§ Disambiguation 2930:Populated places 2923: 2848: 2774: 2740:Manciano, Umbria 2728:Manciano, Arezzo 2706:Castro, Lombardy 2668:Placename, Italy 2586:Kempten (Allgäu) 2578:Velden (Pegnitz) 2447:§ Disambiguation 2440:Populated places 2431:should be used. 2273:Japanese history 2269:History of Japan 2179:Fictional cities 2154:Natural features 2089: 2025:Names of classes 1810: 1803: 1713:Talk:Gdansk/Vote 1684:Saint Petersburg 1660: 1653: 1637:Use modern names 1576: 1328:Associated Press 1191: 1126:Use modern names 1048: 1041: 891: 825: 736:(whose name was 682: 675: 668: 640: 283:Baseball players 140: 133: 120: 119: 113: 103: 96: 89: 44: 43: 37: 21: 4772: 4771: 4767: 4766: 4765: 4763: 4762: 4761: 4737: 4736: 4735: 4734: 4715: 4714: 4710: 4700: 4698: 4690: 4689: 4685: 4680: 4675: 4674: 4648: 4644: 4623: 4619: 4490: 4486: 4481: 4442: 4422: 4372:, but the name 4366: 4365: 4358: 4354: 4348: 4343: 4321: 4247:Tidar, Lorestan 4243: 4238: 4207: 4206: 4199: 4195: 4189: 4177: 4149: 4143: 4142: 4137:WP:NCPHILIPPINE 4135: 4131: 4125: 4106: 4090: 4084: 4055: 4049: 4048: 4041: 4037: 4031: 4019: 4014: 4002: 3986: 3974: 3925: 3924: 3917: 3913: 3907: 3902: 3815: 3796: 3784: 3744: 3743: 3736: 3732: 3726: 3708: 3660: 3644: 3555:"City, Country" 3488: 3487: 3480: 3476: 3470: 3464: 3458: 3446: 3434: 3410: 3405: 3385:Nogales, Sonora 3373: 3345: 3325: 3317: 3299: 3290:Wick, Caithness 3272:Perth, Scotland 3246:Balfour, Orkney 3242:Tarbert, Harris 3231: 3230: 3223: 3219: 3213: 3170: 3152:, or lowercase 3139:Belmont, Harrow 3135:Belmont, Sutton 3102: 3096: 3095: 3090:WP:ENGLANDPLACE 3088: 3081: 3077: 3071: 3033: 3027: 3026: 3019: 3015: 3009: 3004: 2998: 2986: 2927: 2926: 2919: 2915: 2909: 2875:federal subject 2852: 2851: 2844: 2840: 2834: 2822: 2811: 2778: 2777: 2770: 2766: 2760: 2659: 2643: 2623: 2617: 2527: 2521: 2510: 2467: 2437: 2421: 2405: 2393: 2388: 2376: 2360: 2348: 2337: 2317: 2294: 2289: 2262:Shire, Ethiopia 2258: 2242: 2240:Transliteration 2181: 2156: 2093: 2092: 2085: 2081: 2075: 2070: 2068:Specific topics 2062:Pegnitz (river) 2027: 2007: 1999:Specific topics 1965:Galicia (Spain) 1814: 1813: 1806: 1799: 1795: 1789: 1761: 1755: 1664: 1663: 1656: 1649: 1645: 1639: 1612:Liancourt Rocks 1580: 1579: 1572: 1568: 1562: 1438: 1432: 1380:St. Marys River 1372: 1195: 1194: 1187: 1183: 1177: 1052: 1051: 1044: 1037: 1033: 1027: 1007: 970:Where, as with 800:Gulf of Finland 769: 742:North Macedonia 710: 686: 636: 494:Writing systems 171:Fauna (animals) 136: 117: 107: 106: 99: 92: 85: 81: 73: 41: 35: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 4770: 4768: 4760: 4759: 4754: 4749: 4739: 4738: 4733: 4732: 4708: 4682: 4681: 4679: 4676: 4673: 4672: 4642: 4617: 4593:Salt Lake City 4483: 4482: 4480: 4477: 4476: 4475: 4469: 4464: 4459: 4453: 4448: 4441: 4438: 4421: 4418: 4417: 4416: 4405:Islas Malvinas 4385: 4364: 4363: 4355: 4350: 4347: 4344: 4342: 4339: 4320: 4317: 4242: 4239: 4237: 4234: 4205: 4204: 4196: 4191: 4188: 4185: 4176: 4173: 4159:) or ] (e.g., 4141: 4140: 4132: 4127: 4124: 4121: 4105: 4102: 4083: 4080: 4047: 4046: 4038: 4033: 4030: 4027: 4018: 4015: 4013: 4010: 4001: 3998: 3985: 3982: 3973: 3970: 3923: 3922: 3914: 3909: 3906: 3903: 3901: 3898: 3894: 3893: 3884: 3841:New York State 3838: 3814: 3811: 3795: 3792: 3783: 3780: 3742: 3741: 3733: 3728: 3725: 3722: 3707: 3704: 3703: 3702: 3689: 3675: 3659: 3656: 3643: 3640: 3601:primary topics 3486: 3485: 3477: 3472: 3457: 3454: 3445: 3442: 3433: 3430: 3409: 3406: 3404: 3401: 3372: 3369: 3353:Rio de Janeiro 3344: 3341: 3324: 3321: 3316: 3313: 3298: 3295: 3294: 3293: 3286: 3283:Tarbet, Argyll 3279: 3276:Jura, Scotland 3229: 3228: 3220: 3215: 3212: 3209: 3189:county borough 3169: 3166: 3094: 3093: 3086: 3078: 3073: 3070: 3067: 3025: 3024: 3016: 3011: 3008: 3007:United Kingdom 3005: 2997: 2994: 2985: 2982: 2974: 2973: 2961: 2960: 2957:Raška (region) 2925: 2924: 2916: 2911: 2908: 2905: 2901: 2900: 2893: 2886: 2850: 2849: 2841: 2836: 2833: 2830: 2821: 2818: 2810: 2807: 2803: 2802: 2799: 2796: 2793: 2776: 2775: 2767: 2762: 2759: 2756: 2744: 2743: 2724: 2709: 2702:Castro, Apulia 2690:respectively. 2658: 2655: 2642: 2639: 2616: 2613: 2605: 2604: 2601:Harz mountains 2593: 2574: 2520: 2517: 2509: 2506: 2502:Sami languages 2466: 2463: 2436: 2433: 2420: 2417: 2407:Major cities ( 2404: 2401: 2392: 2389: 2387: 2384: 2375: 2372: 2359: 2356: 2347: 2344: 2336: 2333: 2316: 2313: 2293: 2290: 2288: 2285: 2257: 2254: 2241: 2238: 2237: 2236: 2231: 2222: 2217: 2208: 2207: 2197: 2180: 2177: 2176: 2175: 2170: 2165: 2155: 2152: 2129:municipalities 2125:municipalities 2091: 2090: 2082: 2077: 2074: 2071: 2069: 2066: 2026: 2023: 2006: 2003: 1994: 1993: 1982: 1979: 1972: 1949: 1946: 1939: 1919: 1918: 1907:Achelous River 1879: 1857: 1812: 1811: 1804: 1796: 1791: 1788: 1787:Disambiguation 1785: 1754: 1751: 1696:Constantinople 1662: 1661: 1654: 1646: 1641: 1638: 1635: 1578: 1577: 1569: 1564: 1561: 1558: 1549: 1548: 1547: 1546: 1534: 1533: 1532: 1523: 1522: 1521: 1520: 1516: 1515: 1514: 1480: 1467: 1466: 1465: 1455: 1431: 1428: 1427: 1426: 1422: 1415: 1371: 1368: 1367: 1366: 1359: 1356: 1348: 1344: 1340: 1301: 1300: 1299: 1290: 1275: 1260: 1253: 1246: 1231: 1218: 1193: 1192: 1184: 1179: 1176: 1173: 1157:Constantinople 1050: 1049: 1042: 1034: 1029: 1026: 1023: 1006: 1003: 1002: 1001: 997: 996: 995: 965: 964: 963: 955:Constantinople 943: 942: 941: 926: 925: 924: 917: 909: 858: 789: 768: 765: 709: 706: 688: 687: 685: 684: 677: 670: 662: 659: 658: 657: 656: 651: 646: 641: 634: 629: 627:Capitalization 621: 620: 616: 615: 614: 613: 608: 603: 598: 593: 588: 583: 578: 573: 568: 563: 558: 553: 548: 543: 538: 533: 528: 523: 518: 512: 511: 504: 497: 487: 486: 482: 481: 480: 475: 470: 465: 458: 457: 456: 455: 452: 446: 445: 444: 439: 432: 431: 430: 429: 426: 420: 419: 418: 411: 410: 409: 408: 405: 399: 398: 397: 396: 391: 386: 378: 377: 373: 372: 371: 366: 361: 354: 353: 352: 351: 348: 345: 339: 338: 337: 332: 327: 322: 317: 312: 305: 304: 303: 302: 299: 296: 290: 289: 288: 287: 286: 285: 275: 270: 265: 257: 256: 250: 249: 248: 243: 238: 233: 228: 223: 218: 213: 208: 203: 196: 195: 194: 193: 190: 187: 181: 180: 179: 178: 176:Flora (plants) 173: 165: 164: 160: 159: 158: 157: 147: 146: 142: 141: 138:Article titles 129: 128: 121: 109: 108: 105: 104: 97: 90: 82: 77: 74: 59: 58: 45: 26: 24: 18:Knowledge:NCCS 14: 13: 10: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 4769: 4758: 4755: 4753: 4750: 4748: 4745: 4744: 4742: 4728: 4725: 4721: 4720: 4712: 4709: 4697: 4693: 4687: 4684: 4677: 4669: 4665: 4661: 4657: 4653: 4646: 4643: 4639: 4635: 4631: 4627: 4621: 4618: 4614: 4610: 4606: 4605:San Francisco 4602: 4598: 4594: 4590: 4586: 4582: 4578: 4574: 4573:Oklahoma City 4570: 4566: 4562: 4558: 4554: 4550: 4546: 4542: 4538: 4534: 4530: 4526: 4522: 4518: 4514: 4510: 4506: 4502: 4498: 4494: 4488: 4485: 4478: 4473: 4470: 4468: 4465: 4463: 4460: 4457: 4454: 4452: 4449: 4447: 4444: 4443: 4439: 4437: 4427: 4419: 4414: 4410: 4406: 4402: 4398: 4394: 4390: 4386: 4383: 4382: 4381: 4379: 4375: 4371: 4361: 4360:WP:NCFALKLAND 4357: 4356: 4353: 4345: 4340: 4338: 4337: 4335: 4329: 4328: 4325: 4318: 4316: 4314: 4310: 4306: 4302: 4297: 4295: 4292:("town") and 4291: 4287: 4282: 4278: 4274: 4270: 4266: 4264: 4260: 4256: 4252: 4248: 4240: 4235: 4233: 4230: 4228: 4224: 4220: 4216: 4213:) and towns ( 4212: 4202: 4198: 4197: 4194: 4186: 4184: 4182: 4174: 4172: 4170: 4166: 4162: 4158: 4154: 4148: 4138: 4134: 4133: 4130: 4122: 4120: 4116: 4113: 4111: 4103: 4101: 4097: 4095: 4089: 4081: 4079: 4077: 4073: 4069: 4065: 4061: 4054: 4044: 4040: 4039: 4036: 4028: 4026: 4024: 4016: 4011: 4009: 4007: 3999: 3997: 3995: 3991: 3983: 3981: 3979: 3971: 3969: 3967: 3962: 3960: 3955: 3953: 3948: 3946: 3942: 3938: 3934: 3930: 3920: 3916: 3915: 3912: 3904: 3899: 3897: 3890: 3885: 3870: 3866: 3862: 3861:Arizona State 3839: 3836: 3832: 3831: 3830: 3828: 3824: 3820: 3812: 3810: 3808: 3803: 3801: 3793: 3791: 3789: 3781: 3779: 3777: 3776:Staten Island 3773: 3769: 3765: 3761: 3757: 3756:five boroughs 3749: 3748:New York City 3739: 3735: 3734: 3731: 3723: 3721: 3715: 3714: 3705: 3701: 3697: 3690: 3687: 3683: 3676: 3673: 3669: 3665: 3664: 3663: 3657: 3655: 3641: 3639: 3635: 3629: 3625: 3621: 3616: 3614: 3610: 3606: 3602: 3598: 3594: 3590: 3586: 3581:"City, State" 3577: 3574: 3568: 3564: 3552: 3547: 3545: 3541: 3537: 3533: 3529: 3528:primary topic 3525: 3521: 3517: 3513: 3509: 3497: 3496:United States 3493: 3483: 3479: 3478: 3475: 3469: 3463: 3456:United States 3455: 3453: 3451: 3443: 3441: 3439: 3431: 3429: 3427: 3423: 3419: 3415: 3407: 3402: 3400: 3398: 3394: 3390: 3386: 3382: 3378: 3370: 3368: 3366: 3362: 3358: 3354: 3350: 3342: 3340: 3338: 3334: 3330: 3322: 3320: 3315:Latin America 3314: 3312: 3310: 3308: 3304: 3296: 3291: 3287: 3284: 3280: 3277: 3273: 3269: 3268: 3267: 3264: 3262: 3258: 3253: 3251: 3247: 3243: 3238: 3236: 3235:Cullen, Moray 3226: 3222: 3221: 3218: 3210: 3208: 3206: 3202: 3198: 3194: 3190: 3186: 3182: 3177: 3175: 3167: 3165: 3163: 3159: 3155: 3151: 3147: 3142: 3140: 3136: 3132: 3127: 3124: 3122: 3118: 3114: 3109: 3107: 3106:Halling, Kent 3101: 3091: 3087: 3084: 3080: 3079: 3076: 3068: 3066: 3064: 3060: 3056: 3051: 3049: 3045: 3041: 3036: 3032: 3022: 3018: 3017: 3014: 3006: 3003: 2995: 2993: 2991: 2983: 2981: 2979: 2971: 2967: 2963: 2962: 2958: 2954: 2953:Raška (river) 2950: 2946: 2942: 2938: 2935: 2934: 2933: 2931: 2922: 2918: 2917: 2914: 2906: 2904: 2898: 2894: 2891: 2887: 2884: 2880: 2876: 2872: 2871: 2870: 2868: 2864: 2859: 2857: 2847: 2843: 2842: 2839: 2831: 2829: 2827: 2819: 2817: 2816: 2808: 2806: 2800: 2797: 2794: 2791: 2790: 2789: 2787: 2783: 2773: 2769: 2768: 2765: 2757: 2755: 2753: 2749: 2741: 2737: 2734:(both in the 2733: 2729: 2725: 2722: 2719:(both in the 2718: 2717:Ronchi, Cuneo 2714: 2710: 2707: 2703: 2699: 2698: 2697: 2694: 2691: 2689: 2685: 2681: 2677: 2673: 2669: 2664: 2656: 2654: 2652: 2648: 2640: 2638: 2636: 2632: 2628: 2622: 2614: 2612: 2610: 2602: 2598: 2597:Neustadt/Harz 2594: 2591: 2587: 2583: 2582:River Pegnitz 2579: 2575: 2572: 2568: 2564: 2560: 2556: 2552: 2548: 2544: 2543: 2542: 2540: 2536: 2532: 2526: 2518: 2516: 2515: 2507: 2505: 2503: 2499: 2494: 2492: 2486: 2484: 2480: 2474: 2472: 2464: 2462: 2460: 2456: 2452: 2448: 2443: 2441: 2434: 2432: 2430: 2426: 2418: 2416: 2414: 2410: 2402: 2400: 2398: 2390: 2385: 2383: 2381: 2373: 2371: 2369: 2365: 2357: 2355: 2353: 2345: 2343: 2341: 2334: 2332: 2330: 2326: 2322: 2314: 2312: 2310: 2307:, below; and 2306: 2301: 2299: 2291: 2286: 2284: 2280: 2278: 2274: 2270: 2265: 2263: 2255: 2253: 2251: 2247: 2239: 2235: 2232: 2230: 2228: 2225:Springfield ( 2223: 2221: 2218: 2216: 2213: 2212: 2211: 2205: 2201: 2198: 2195: 2194: 2189: 2186: 2185: 2184: 2178: 2174: 2171: 2169: 2166: 2164: 2161: 2160: 2159: 2153: 2151: 2149: 2145: 2141: 2136: 2135:) of Italy. 2134: 2131:(rather than 2130: 2126: 2123:(rather than 2122: 2118: 2114: 2110: 2106: 2105:Moscow Oblast 2102: 2098: 2088: 2084: 2083: 2080: 2072: 2067: 2065: 2063: 2059: 2054: 2052: 2048: 2044: 2039: 2037: 2033: 2024: 2022: 2020: 2016: 2012: 2004: 2002: 2000: 1991: 1987: 1983: 1980: 1977: 1973: 1970: 1966: 1962: 1958: 1954: 1950: 1947: 1944: 1940: 1936: 1935: 1934: 1932: 1928: 1924: 1916: 1912: 1908: 1904: 1900: 1896: 1892: 1888: 1884: 1880: 1877: 1873: 1872: 1866: 1862: 1858: 1855: 1852:redirects to 1851: 1847: 1843: 1839: 1835: 1831: 1830:primary topic 1827: 1826: 1825: 1822: 1820: 1809: 1808:WP:NCPLACEDAB 1805: 1802: 1798: 1797: 1794: 1786: 1784: 1782: 1776: 1770: 1765: 1760: 1752: 1750: 1748: 1743: 1741: 1737: 1733: 1729: 1724: 1722: 1718: 1714: 1710: 1706: 1701: 1697: 1693: 1689: 1685: 1681: 1677: 1673: 1668: 1659: 1655: 1652: 1648: 1647: 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