Knowledge (XXG):Article titles

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spellings, longer or shorter forms, historic names, and significant names in other languages – or there is something notable about the names themselves, a separate name section is recommended. Alternative names may be used in article text when context dictates that they are more appropriate than the name used as the title of the article. For example, the city now called

1654:). This practice of using specialized names is often controversial, and should not be adopted unless it produces clear benefits outweighing the use of common names. When it is, the article titles adopted should follow a neutral and common convention specific to that subject domain, and otherwise adhere to the general principles for titling articles on Knowledge (XXG). 82: 3382:(accent marks), dashes, or other letters and characters not found on most English-language keyboards. This can make it difficult to navigate to the article directly. In such cases, provide redirects from versions of the title that use only standard keyboard characters. (Similarly, in cases where it is determined that the most appropriate title is one that omits 1381:("reliable sources" for short) written after the name change. If the reliable sources written after the change is announced routinely use the new name, Knowledge (XXG) should follow suit and change relevant titles to match. If, on the other hand, reliable sources written after the name change is announced continue to use the established name 152: 1492:). In such cases, the prevalence of the name, or the fact that a given description has effectively become a proper name (and that proper name has become the common name), generally overrides concern that Knowledge (XXG) might appear as endorsing one side of an issue. An article title with non-neutral terms cannot simply be 3822:

a discussion that leads to consensus is strongly discouraged. If an article title has been stable for a long time, and there is no good reason to change it, it should not be changed. Consensus among editors determines if there does exist a good reason to change the title. If it has never been stable,

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In discussing the appropriate title of an article, remember that the choice of title is not dependent on whether a name is "right" in a moral or political sense. Nor does the use of a name in the title of one article require that all related articles use the same name in their titles; there is often

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By the design of Knowledge (XXG)'s software, an article can only have one title. When this title is a name, significant alternative names for the topic should be mentioned in the article, usually in the first sentence or paragraph. If there are three or more alternative names – including alternative

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When the subject of an article is referred to mainly by a single common name, as evidenced through usage in a significant majority of English-language sources, Knowledge (XXG) generally follows the sources and uses that name as its article title (subject to the other naming criteria). Sometimes that

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may help to collect this data; when using a search engine, restrict the results to pages written in English, and exclude the word "Knowledge (XXG)". When using Google, generally a search of Google Books and News Archive should be defaulted to before a web search, as they concentrate reliable sources

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a descriptive title. Even descriptive titles should be based on sources, and may therefore incorporate names and terms that are commonly used by sources. (Example: Because "Boston Massacre" is an acceptable title on its own, the descriptive title "Political impact of the Boston Massacre" would also

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When titling articles in specific fields, or with respect to particular problems, there is often previous consensus that can be used as a precedent. Look to the guideline pages referenced. When no previous consensus exists, a new consensus is established through discussion, with the above questions

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The title may simply be the name (or a name) of the subject of the article, or, if the article topic has no name, it may be a description of the topic. Because no two articles can have the same title, it is sometimes necessary to add distinguishing information, often in the form of a description in

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word or expression that indicates the subject of the article; as such, the article title is usually the name of the person, or of the place, or of whatever else the topic of the article is. However, some topics have multiple names, and some names have multiple topics; this can lead to disagreement

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This includes but is not limited to usage in the sources used as references for the article. Discussions about article titles commonly look at additional off-site sourcing, such as frequency of usage in news publications, books, and journals. "Common name" in the context of article naming means a

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These should be seen as goals, not as rules. For most topics, there is a simple and obvious title that meets these goals satisfactorily. If so, use it as a straightforward choice. However, in some cases the choice is not so obvious. It may be necessary to favor one or more of these goals over the

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can either imply wrongdoing, or in a non-criminal context may imply a claim "made with little or no proof" and so should be avoided in a descriptive title. (Exception: articles where the topic is an actual accusation of illegality under law, discussed as such by reliable sources even if not yet

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If there are too few reliable English-language sources to constitute an established usage, follow the conventions of the language appropriate to the subject (German for German politicians, Portuguese for Brazilian towns, and so on). For lesser known geographical objects or structures with few

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Although official, scientific, birth, original, or trademarked names are often used for article titles, the term or name most typically used in reliable sources is generally preferred. Other encyclopedias are among the sources that may be helpful in deciding what titles are in an encyclopedic

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On the English Knowledge (XXG), article titles are written using the English language. However, it must be remembered that the English language contains many loan words and phrases taken from other languages. If a word or phrase (originally taken from some other language) is commonly used by

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In determining which of several alternative names is most frequently used, it is useful to observe the usage of major international organizations, major English-language media outlets, quality encyclopedias, geographic name servers, major scientific bodies, and notable scientific journals. A

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In deciding whether and how to translate a foreign name into English, follow English-language usage. If there is no established English-language treatment for a name, translate it if this can be done without loss of accuracy and with greater understanding for the English-speaking reader.

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Italic formatting cannot be part of the actual (stored) title of a page; adding single quotes to a page title will cause those quotes to become part of the URL, rather than affecting its appearance. A title or part of it is made to appear in italics with the use of the

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about which name should be used for a given article's title. Knowledge (XXG) does not necessarily use the subject's official name as an article title; it generally prefers the name that is most commonly used (as determined by its prevalence in a significant majority of

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Although titles for articles are subject to consensus, do not invent names or use extremely uncommon names as a means of compromising between opposing points of view. Knowledge (XXG) describes current usage but cannot prescribe a particular usage or invent new names.

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The title displayed as the article's main heading is usually identical (and always similar) to the stored title by which the page is referenced in category listings, recent changes lists, etc., and that appears (suitably encoded as necessary) in the page's

3148: 672: 4167:). The content change after the move is also relevant, as well as the time a previous move was made. If significant changes have been made after a move, several months may be considered "stable". Otherwise, significantly longer is generally required. 3672:

Article titles follow standard English text formatting in the case of trademarks, unless the trademarked spelling is demonstrably the most common usage in sources independent of the owner of the trademark. Items in full or partial uppercase (such as

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to that article. If they are ambiguous, it should be ensured that the article can at least be reached from a disambiguation page for the alternative term. Note that the exact capitalization of the article's title does not affect Knowledge (XXG)

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listed above. When there is no single, obvious name that is demonstrably the most frequently used for the topic by these sources, editors should reach a consensus as to which title is best by considering these criteria directly.

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The English-language names of some topics may differ according to how names are anglicized from other languages, or according to different varieties of English (e.g. American English, British English, Australian English, etc.).

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outlined above. Ambiguous or inaccurate names for the article subject, as determined in reliable sources, are often avoided even though they may be more frequently used by reliable sources. Neutrality is also considered; see

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appears at the top of a reader's browser window and as a large level 1 heading above the editable text of an article, circled here in dark red. The name or names given in the first sentence do not always match the article

938:– The title is one that readers are likely to look or search for and that editors would naturally use to link to the article from other articles. Such a title usually conveys what the subject is actually called in English. 2967:. The initial letter of a title is almost always capitalized by default; otherwise, words are not capitalized unless they would be so in running text. When this is done, the title is simple to link to in other articles: 2215:. The general approach is that whatever readers might type in the search box, they are guided as swiftly as possible to the topic they might reasonably be expected to be looking for, by such disambiguation techniques as 3635:

be used in Knowledge (XXG) article titles (except for articles on mathematics). Quotation marks (such as around song titles) would not require special techniques for display, but are nevertheless avoided in titles; see

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To the extent that it is practical, titles should be consistent among articles covering similar topics. However, there has been a history of consensus among editors regarding several areas where consistency does

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or it has been unstable for a long time, and no consensus can be reached on what the title should be, default to the title the article had when the first major contribution after the article ceased to be a

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when searching Google Books). Search engine results are subject to certain biases and technical limitations; for detailed advice on the use of search engines and the interpretation of their results, see

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It is not always possible to use the exact title that may be desired for an article, as that title may have other meanings, and therefore may have been already used for other articles. According to the

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Abbreviations and acronyms are often ambiguous and thus should be avoided unless the subject is known primarily by its abbreviation and that abbreviation is primarily associated with the subject (e.g.

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relating to specific subject domains (as listed in the box at the top of this page). In rare cases, these recommend the use of titles that are not strictly the common name (as in the case of the

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are normally preferred over titles using other parts of speech; such a title can be the subject of the first sentence. One major exception is for titles that are quotations or titles of works:

856:. It is supplemented by other more specific guidelines (see the box to the right), which should be interpreted in conjunction with other policies, particularly the three core content policies: 2512:

It is not considered important for article titles on the English Knowledge (XXG) to be consistent with titles used by the corresponding articles on other language versions of Knowledge (XXG).

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Adding a disambiguating term in parentheses after the ambiguous name is Knowledge (XXG)'s standard disambiguation technique when none of the other solutions lead to an optimal article title.

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The titles of articles, chapters, songs, episodes, storylines, research papers and other short works instead take double quotation marks. Italics are not used for major religious works (

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is used), it should be named independently. For example, an article on transport in Azerbaijan should not be given a name like "Azerbaijan/Transport" or "Azerbaijan (transport)"; use

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Conflicts often arise over whether an article title complies with Knowledge (XXG)'s Neutral Point of View policy. Resolving such debates depends on whether the article title is a

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If there is a reasonable alternative, avoid characters that are so uncommon that not all browser and operating system combinations will render them. For example, the article

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covers the concepts "big-endian" and "little-endian". Where no reasonable overarching title is available, it is permissible to construct an article title using "and", as in

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Sometimes two or more closely related or complementary concepts are most sensibly covered by a single article. Where possible, use a title covering all cases: for example,

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Symbols such as "♥", as sometimes found in advertisements or logos, should never be used in titles. This includes non-Latin punctuation such as the characters in Unicode's

2282: 1863:, only as much detail as is necessary to distinguish one topic from another should be used. For example, it would be redundant to title an article "Queen (rock band)", as 4218: 3863: 2643: 2639: 2005: 1758: 1739: 1180: 471: 317: 2092:

Where there is no acceptable set name for a topic, such that a title of our own conception is necessary, more latitude is allowed to form descriptive and unique titles.

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are preferred over alternatives such as "Blair, Anthony Charles Lynton" and "Waterloo, Battle of", in which a comma is used to change the natural ordering of the words.

1114:. When there are multiple names for a subject, all of which are fairly common, and the most common has problems, it is perfectly reasonable to choose one of the others. 2638:, it makes sense to translate lesser known valley names in the same way. For ideas on how to deal with situations where there are several competing foreign terms, see " 2220: 625: 528: 2376: 2987: 2895: 661: 550: 2904:

are often used in article text to allow a subject with a lengthy article title to be referred to using a more concise term where this does not produce ambiguity.

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Exceptions exist for biographical articles. For example, given names and family names are usually not omitted or abbreviated for the purposes of concision. Thus

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in mind. The choice of article titles should put the interests of readers before those of editors, and those of a general audience before those of specialists.

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There are technical restrictions on the use of certain characters in page titles, due to how MediaWiki stores and matches the titles. The following characters

2582: 841:: the ideal article title precisely identifies the subject; it is short, natural, distinguishable and recognizable; and resembles titles for similar articles. 666: 620: 275: 255: 714: 5038: 3591: 2156: 575: 507: 270: 4139: 3386:, dashes, and other letters not found on most English-language keyboards, provide redirects from versions of the title that contain them.) However, avoid 2000:

With place names, if the disambiguating term is a higher-level administrative division, it is often separated using a comma instead of parentheses, as in

1583: 1395:. We do not know what terms or names will be used in the future, but only what is and has been in use, and is therefore familiar to our readers. However, 615: 610: 535: 418: 359: 349: 4833: 4572: 4314: 4181: 4108:

on the English Knowledge (XXG). For example, "heart attack" is an ambiguous title, because the term can refer to multiple medical conditions, including

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And a well-known concept may still be the primary topic for a variant or incorrect spelling, even if a much less well-known subject uses that spelling:

761: 683: 555: 364: 3371:. Technically, all other Unicode characters can be used in page titles. However, some characters should still be avoided or require special treatment: 932:– The title is a name or description of the subject that someone familiar with, although not necessarily an expert in, the subject area will recognize. 2386:

The full name of Fiona Apple's 1999 album is 90 words and 444 characters long, but it is abbreviated in sources (and in its Knowledge (XXG) title) to

4853: 4639: 4508: 3917: 3060: 2991: 2847: 2328: 678: 640: 570: 565: 3835: 1963:: The word "French" commonly refers to either the people or the language. Because of the ambiguity, we use the alternative but still common titles, 5114: 4160: 3889: 2417: 2071:: The word "mercury" has distinct meanings that do not have sufficiently common alternative names, so instead we use parenthetical disambiguation: 1641: 1372: 1129: 605: 585: 476: 297: 288: 280: 265: 245: 188: 53: 2364:

The goal of concision is to balance brevity with sufficient information to identify the topic to a person familiar with the general subject area.

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element on the page, but because editors have the ability to add any level of heading to a page's text, that cannot be guaranteed. An additional

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When an article's title is changed, its database entry is altered but not actually moved. For this reason, a title change is sometimes called a

3083:). It is also unnecessary to include an acronym in addition to the name in a title. Acronyms may be used for parenthetical disambiguation (e.g. 2930:

The following points are used in deciding on questions not covered by the five principles; consistency on these helps avoid duplicate articles:

2804:). Very occasionally, a less common but non-nation-specific term is selected to avoid having to choose between national varieties: for example, 2104: 5109: 4936: 3834:, and consensus reached before any change is made. Debating controversial titles is often unproductive, and there are many other ways to help 921:

refer to the article's subject. There is often more than one appropriate title for an article. In that case, editors choose the best title by

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reliable English sources, follow the translation convention, if any, used for well known objects or structures of the same type e.g. because

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to which the ambiguous name refers, then that name can be its title without modification, provided it follows all other applicable policies.

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that can be used without restriction to separate a disambiguating term in an article title. Colons can be used in the limited cases of

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Do not use titles suggesting that one article forms part of another: even if an article is considered subsidiary to another (as where

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Usually, titles should unambiguously define the topical scope of the article, but should be no more precise than that. For instance,

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to a particular English-speaking nation, the title of its article should use that nation's variety of English (for example, compare

2140: 1771:). However, it is preferred over "Energy (physics)", as it is more concise, and precise enough to be understood by most people (see 790: 4577: 4537: 4478: 4395: 4323: 4299: 3877: 2669:, are preferred. However, if there is a common English-language form of the name, then use it, even if it is unsystematic (as with 861: 746: 2780:

Otherwise, all national varieties of English are acceptable in article titles; Knowledge (XXG) does not prefer one in particular.

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based on the considerations that this page explains. A good Knowledge (XXG) article title has the five following characteristics:

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This page is about the policy governing how to select an article title. For technical information about the titles of pages, see

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Other types of formatting (such as bold type and superscript) can technically be achieved in the same way, but should generally

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is a redirect to that article). An exception is made when the quotation marks are part of a name or title (as in the TV episode

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in historic contexts to which that name is more suited (e.g. when it was part of Germany or a Free City). Likewise, even though

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can be applied – if the subject of an article has a name change, it is reasonable to consider the usage following the change in

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are used because they predominate in English-language reliable sources, whereas for the same reason the anglicized title forms

5068: 4889: 4567: 4542: 4488: 3978: 3750:– should redirect to the combined page, or be linked there via a disambiguation page or hatnote if they have other meanings.) 1331: 3753:

It is generally best to list topics in alphabetical order, especially those involving different countries or cultures, as in

3685:); however, if the name is ambiguous, and one meaning is usually capitalized, this is one possible method of disambiguation. 2212: 5099: 4931: 4707: 4654: 4627: 4557: 4532: 3777: 502: 3789: 1503:

Notable circumstances under which Knowledge (XXG) often avoids a common name for lacking neutrality include the following:

1575: 970:– The title is consistent with the pattern of similar articles' titles. Many of these patterns are listed (and linked) as 5053: 4503: 4498: 4468: 4373: 4329: 4257: 3983: 3475: 1400: 1079: 766: 731: 98: 5015: 2885:

All significant alternative titles, names, or forms of names that apply to a specific article should usually be made to

2136: 1734:. Most of these exceptions are described in specific Knowledge (XXG) guidelines or by Knowledge (XXG) projects, such as 1119: 783: 4821: 4702: 4622: 4405: 4400: 3912: 3831: 3240: 2735: 2594:

The choice between anglicized and local spellings should follow English-language usage, e.g. the non-anglicized titles

876: 42: 3509: 1952:, albeit not as commonly as the preferred-but-ambiguous title, is sometimes preferred. However, do not use obscure or 1761:), seeking a more natural and recognizable title which is also consistent with most other articles on American cities. 707: 700: 4884: 4790: 4745: 4697: 4692: 4410: 4368: 4105: 4053:

It is technically possible, but undesirable for various reasons, to make different pages display with the same title.

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The following are examples of the application of the concept of commonly used names in support of recognizability:

4778: 4363: 4294: 3435: 3263: 1898: 1891: 1772: 1735: 1378: 957:– The title is no longer than necessary to identify the article's subject and distinguish it from other subjects. 918: 872: 857: 751: 4773: 4493: 4483: 4250: 3949: 3881: 3599: 3290: 2852: 2678: 1507:

Trendy slogans and monikers that seem unlikely to be remembered or connected with a particular issue years later

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should be created to articles that may reasonably be searched for or linked to under two or more names (such as

3766: 3731: 3624:, by default italicize the titles of the pages they appear on; see those template pages for documentation. See 2763: 2009: 1808: 1712: 4644: 3896: 3481:). If, exceptionally, other variants are used, a redirect with the apostrophe variant should be created (e.g. 1705: 3147:). They needlessly lengthen article titles, and interfere with sorting and searching. For more guidance, see 2978:

Note that the capitalization of the initial letter is ignored in links. For initial lowercase letters, as in

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As a general rule, when a topic's preferred title can also refer to other topics covered in Knowledge (XXG):

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Sometimes the subject of an article will undergo a change of name. When this occurs, we give extra weight to

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If necessary, an article's title can be changed by a page move. For information on page move procedures, see

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Exceptions include article titles with the first letter lowercase and the second letter uppercase, such as

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carries that title rather than the symbol ⚜ itself, which many readers would see as just a rectangular box.

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some reason for inconsistencies in common usage. For example, Knowledge (XXG) has articles on both the

3801: 3709: 3649: 3542: 3318: 3277: 3160: 3104: 3003: 2946: 2913: 2886: 2829: 2741: 2557: 2522: 2447: 2429: 2340: 2263: 2251: 2168: 2033: 1924: 1912: 1827: 1665: 1616: 1557: 1546: 1459: 1412: 1343: 1083: 1038: 1008: 888: 112: 102: 4271: 3757:. However, when a conventional or more logical ordering exists, it should be used instead, such as at 3843: 3088: 2973: 2599: 2467: 1403:, English-language sources. This provision also applies to names used as part of descriptive titles. 944:– The title unambiguously identifies the article's subject and distinguishes it from other subjects. 4795: 4785: 4200:, a graphic plotter of case-sensitive frequency of multi-term usage in books over time, through 2019 3946:, software limitations on the names of Knowledge (XXG) pages (articles, categories, templates, etc.) 2216: 2125: 1949: 1701: 834: 3785: 3424:) should be avoided in titles. Exceptions can be made when they are part of the proper title (e.g. 3387: 3360: 3302: 3236: 2318: 2080: 1754: 1489: 1485: 2719: 2540:

English-language sources, it can be considered to be an English-language word or phrase (example:

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Ambiguity may arise when typographically near-identical expressions have distinct meanings, e.g.

2021: 2001: 1578:) is best as the title. These are often invented specifically for articles, and should reflect a 1539: 3235:

Article titles that are quotes (or song titles, etc.) are not enclosed in quotation marks (e.g.

3940:, a tool to block the creation of pages with disallowed titles (and their derivatives/variants) 3439: 5020: 3781: 3572: 3122: 2475: 2471: 2463: 2072: 1730:

Exceptions to the precision criterion may sometimes result from the application of some other

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others. This is done by consensus. For instance, the recognizable, natural, and concise title

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is the large heading displayed above the article's content, and the basis for the article's

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This paragraph was adopted to stop move warring. It is an adaptation of the wording in the

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In certain instances, plural forms may also be used to naturally distinguish articles; see

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However, when renaming to a less ambiguous page name can be done without wandering from

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For examples of Knowledge (XXG) practices regarding consistency in article titles, see

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Report on the Investigation into Russian Interference in the 2016 Presidential Election

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Knowledge (XXG) talk:Article titles/Archive 29 § RfC: Use of italics in article titles

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WT:Manual of Style/Archive 116 § Request for comment: Use of italics in article names

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after the name. Generally, article titles are based on what the subject is called in

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Knowledge (XXG):Naming conventions (technical restrictions) § Lowercase first letter

837:. When this offers multiple possibilities, editors choose among them by considering 4007: 3758: 3519: 3455: 3421: 3417: 3409: 3405: 3401: 3397: 3298: 2801: 2666: 2662: 2631: 2611: 2498: 2413: 2380: 2372: 1864: 1148: 5005: 2603: 1484:

common name includes non-neutral words that Knowledge (XXG) normally avoids (e.g.

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Any potentially controversial proposal to change a title should be advertised at

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When deciding whether to use middle names, or initials, follow the guidelines at

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does not support an argument that all country articles should use them, e.g. for

2357:"WP:CONCISE" redirects here. For the essay advising a concise writing style, see 1019:). Conversely, a name that could refer to several different articles may require 160:

Article titles should be recognizable, concise, natural, precise, and consistent.

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proven in a court of law. These are appropriately described as "allegations".)

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Using an alternative name that the subject is also commonly called in English

1360:"WP:NAMECHANGES" redirects here. For the manual of style for biographies, see 1259: 1230: 1142: 3895:

New naming conventions for specific categories of articles often arise from

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Proposals for new naming conventions and guidelines should be advertised on

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are used (as opposed to Nürnberg, Delikatessen, and Firenze, respectively).

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Knowledge (XXG):Manual of Style/Lead section § Format of the first sentence

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WP:Naming conventions (definite or indefinite article at beginning of name)

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is not precise enough to unambiguously indicate the physical property (see

3293:, which means using the form most commonly used by reliable sources (e.g. 1385:, Knowledge (XXG) should continue to do so as well, as described above at 3529: 3224: 3204: 3137:) at the beginning of titles unless they are part of a proper name (e.g. 3044: 3040: 2759: 2703: 2615: 2462:

Disambiguation: for example, the use of a parenthetical disambiguator in

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is precise enough to indicate exactly the same topic. On the other hand,

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Knowledge (XXG):Naming conventions (people) § Self-published name changes

1111: 1090:

For cases where usage differs among English-speaking countries, see also

3698:

WP:Naming conventions (technical restrictions) § Lowercase first letter

3626:

WP:Naming conventions (technical restrictions) § Italics and formatting

3467: 3208: 3200: 1872: 1750: 1523: 1218: 1187: 3780:: avoid the use of "and" in ways that appear biased. For example, use 3404:), as well as variations such as typographic (curly) quotation marks ( 2474:. This is also the case with natural disambiguation: the existence of 1805:

Knowledge (XXG):Naming conventions (U.S. state and territory highways)

3390:, which are difficult to type and interfere with adjacent characters. 3216: 3032: 2871: 2699: 1880: 1764: 1542:" does not redirect, which is in keeping with the general principle. 3532:. Templates and LaTeX-style markup cannot be used in article titles. 2016:

conventions, not as a disambiguating term). However, titles such as

1082:, English-language sources) as such names will usually best fit the 3925:, a list of guidelines concerning naming conventions for categories 3899:. For a manually updated list of current and former proposals, see 1510:

Colloquialisms where far more encyclopedic alternatives are obvious

4197: 3463: 3203:) should redirect to articles titled with the corresponding noun ( 3080: 3028: 2875: 2695: 2405: 2228: 2224: 1812: 1800: 1696:"MOS:PRECISION" redirects here. For the precision of numbers, see 1284: 1240: 3772:

Titles containing "and" are often red flags that the article has

1787:

Knowledge (XXG):Naming conventions (UK Parliament constituencies)

905:"WP:CRITERIA" redirects here. For criteria of other actions, see 4180:, which is based on the Arbitration Committee's decision in the 3693: 3689: 3212: 3184: 3076: 2979: 2848:

Knowledge (XXG):Manual of Style/Lead section § Alternative names

2686: 2008:). Comma-separated titles are also used in other contexts (e.g. 1753:

is already precise enough to be unambiguous, but we instead use

1290: 1160: 97:

It describes a widely accepted standard that all editors should

4207: 2736:

Knowledge (XXG):Manual of Style § National varieties of English

848:, on which choices of article titles are based. This page does 4037: 3072: 822: 146: 76: 2646:" in the geographical naming guideline. Such discussions can 3575:

are italicized both in ordinary text and in article titles.

3367:, and some other characters, which may be addressed through 2329:

Knowledge (XXG):Naming conventions (plurals) § Primary topic

1911:

When deciding on which disambiguation method(s) to use, all

1514:

Article titles and redirects should anticipate what readers

4908: 3944:

Knowledge (XXG):Naming conventions (technical restrictions)

3344:

Knowledge (XXG):Naming conventions (technical restrictions)

2938:"WP:LOWERCASE" redirects here. You may also be looking for 2677:). For a list of romanization conventions by language, see 1851:

This policy section should be read in conjunction with the

4144:

WT:Manual of Style/Archive 116 § Italicised article titles

3093:

WP:Manual of Style/Abbreviations § Acronyms in page titles

2124:

These are exceptional, in most cases to be avoided as per

1723:

would not be precise enough to unambiguously identify the

1538:, which is in keeping with points 1 and 2, above. Typing " 2820:, and a slew of other nation- and region-specific names. 2650:

so as to avoid a struggle over which language to follow.

2383:

was the most concise title to fully identify the subject.

4142:, as well as the discussions that led up to the poll at 4138:

This was decided during a July–September 2010 poll; see

3888:

has formed, the proposal is adopted and is added to the

3628:

on the technical restrictions page for further details.

4159:

No clear consensus has been found for a timeframe, see

3809: 3717: 3657: 3550: 3333: 3326: 3175: 3168: 3112: 3018: 3011: 2954: 2921: 2837: 2749: 2572: 2565: 2530: 2437: 2348: 2309: 2294: 2270: 2190: 2183: 2176: 2055: 2048: 2041: 1939: 1932: 1842: 1835: 1687: 1680: 1673: 1631: 1624: 1565: 1474: 1467: 1427: 1420: 1351: 1060: 1053: 1046: 896: 134: 127: 120: 4104:

as used here is unrelated to whether a title requires

4026:, and any subsections under it adjusted to compensate. 3516:

Characters not supported on all browsers (avoid them):

3376:

Characters not on a standard keyboard (use redirects):

1971:, allowing natural disambiguation. In a similar vein, 1582:, rather than suggesting any editor's opinions. Avoid 1208:(not: Collegiate Church of Saint Peter at Westminster) 852:

detail titling for pages in other namespaces, such as

3986:, on the unreliability of news headlines for sourcing 3864:

Category:Knowledge (XXG) naming conventions proposals

3765:. Alternative titles using reverse ordering (such as 2808:

was selected to avoid the choice between the British

2147:

Commas and parentheses (round brackets) are the only

1700:. For the precision of geographical coordinates, see 4548:

Do not disrupt Knowledge (XXG) to illustrate a point

3612:

template. In addition, certain templates, including

3215:. Sometimes the noun corresponding to a verb is the 3027:

Article titles are generally singular in form, e.g.

2493:

Spellings that differ between varieties of English:

1867:

is precise enough to distinguish the rock band from

1386: 1383:

when discussing the article topic in the present day

1299:

or International Federation of Association Football)

997: 992:

United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland

844:

This page explains in detail the considerations, or

4985: 4973: 4916: 4906: 4872: 4814: 4754: 4730: 4720: 4677: 4667: 4607: 4597: 4517: 4433: 4423: 4343: 4279: 4269: 2796:are acceptable and used in article titles (such as 2375:, used in various state publications, was formerly 2141:

Talk:Wiegenlied, D 498 (Schubert) § Requested moves

1987:is a disambiguation page with no primary topic, so 1704:. For the precision of statements about dates, see 1530:, which is in keeping with point 2, above. Typing " 972:

topic-specific naming conventions on article titles

673:

Definite or indefinite article at beginning of name

4010:that appears at the top of the article's page. It 3462:), which should, however, be used sparingly (e.g. 2587:For the policy regarding non-English sources, see 2283:Passio Domini Nostri Iesu Christi secundum Ioannem 2273:Passio Domini Nostri Jesu Christi secundum Joannem 2163:When a spelling variant indicates a distinct topic 1991:is the title of the article on the lifting device. 1547:Knowledge (XXG):Redirect § Neutrality of redirects 1534:" redirects the reader to a particular section of 1364:. For changing your Knowledge (XXG) username, see 1122:, as well as what names are most frequently used. 1091: 37:"WP:NAME" redirects here. Not to be confused with 1599: 1296:Fédération Internationale de Football Association 1103: 1098: 947: 838: 4386:Do not include copies of lengthy primary sources 4022:found in an article body should be converted to 3913:Knowledge (XXG):Manual of Style § Article titles 2665:. Established systematic romanizations, such as 2583:Knowledge (XXG):Naming conventions (use English) 2377:State of Rhode Island and Providence Plantations 63:"WP:AT" redirects here. Not to be confused with 52:"WP:NC" redirects here. Not to be confused with 2379:. Both titles are precise and unambiguous, but 2281:for the ambiguity of the first expression with 1379:independent, reliable, English-language sources 89:This page documents an English Knowledge (XXG) 30:"WP:TITLE" redirects here. For other uses, see 3378:Sometimes the most appropriate title contains 2012:uses a substantive title as part of the usual 1438:Knowledge (XXG):Neutral point of view § Naming 4219: 3270:. (This does not always apply in non-article 2684:Knowledge (XXG) generally uses the character 1791:Leeds North West (UK Parliament constituency) 791: 708: 8: 4974: 3984:Knowledge (XXG):Reliable sources § Headlines 3818:Changing one controversial title to another 3420:), and angled quotation marks or backticks ( 3359:There are restrictions on titles containing 3305:), with few if any exceptions. See also the 3285:Follow reliable sources for names of persons 3245:Marge Simpson in: "Screaming Yellow Honkers" 2788:spelling, and vice versa; for example, both 2657:, such as Greek, Chinese, or Russian names, 1574:In some cases a descriptive phrase (such as 1294: 1202:(not: Democratic People's Republic of Korea) 4880:Categories, lists, and navigation templates 4161:Knowledge (XXG):Stable version to revert to 3850:, which is the current name of Stalingrad. 2418:Knowledge (XXG):Naming conventions (people) 1979:. Sometimes, this requires a change in the 1642:Category:Knowledge (XXG) naming conventions 1496:name commonly used in the past; it must be 1099:all five of the criteria for article titles 189:Category:Knowledge (XXG) naming conventions 54:Category:Knowledge (XXG) naming conventions 4982: 4913: 4766: 4727: 4674: 4604: 4430: 4276: 4226: 4212: 4204: 3901:Proposed naming conventions and guidelines 3858:Proposed naming conventions and guidelines 3668:Knowledge (XXG):Manual of Style/Trademarks 3590:). Many of these titles should also be in 3561:italics would be necessary in running text 2694:. For Latin- or Greek-derived words (e.g. 1901:for the ambiguous name, the title must be 1106:, below. Article titles should be neither 1069:In Knowledge (XXG), an article title is a 798: 784: 726: 715: 701: 167: 101:follow. Changes made to it should reflect 3637: 2972:offers more graduate work than a typical 1803:is precise enough to be unambiguous, but 1789:specify the addition of the qualifier in 1785:is precise enough to be unambiguous, but 990:is preferred over the more precise title 907:Knowledge (XXG):Criteria (disambiguation) 3143:) or otherwise change the meaning (e.g. 2851: 1775:, and the concision and recognizability 1315:(not: V645 Centauri or Alpha Centauri C) 3996: 3868:Knowledge (XXG):Policies and guidelines 3679:) should have standard capitalization ( 2148: 2135:: "comma-separated" + "parenthetical": 1602:(see preceding subsection) may be used 729: 653: 519: 483: 457: 436: 410: 376: 327: 287: 218: 197: 179: 170: 32:Knowledge (XXG):Titles (disambiguation) 3569:books, films, and other creative works 3099:Avoid definite and indefinite articles 2988:WP:Naming conventions (capitalization) 2690:to represent the Anglo-Saxon ligature 2302:, with the broad concept discussed at 2266:, such renaming should be considered: 2105:Campaign history of the Roman military 1254:Product names and fictional characters 3884:, and any related pages. If a strong 3790:Media coupling of Islam and terrorism 3763:Electrical resistance and conductance 1393:Knowledge (XXG) is not a crystal ball 7: 3740:Tropical storms Amanda and Cristobal 3567:, the names of ships, the titles of 3121:Do not place definite or indefinite 3035:. Exceptions include nouns that are 2784:spelling should not be respelled to 2718:, depending on modern usage and the 1879:to disambiguate it from the country 1450:created by Knowledge (XXG) editors. 39:WP:Manual of Style/Biography § Names 5039:List of all policies and guidelines 2896:Naming conventions (capitalization) 1875:, but the article on turkeys is at 1518:and balance that with what readers 1446:derived from reliable sources or a 5115:Knowledge (XXG) naming conventions 5078:Summaries of values and principles 4919: 4757: 4520: 4346: 3979:Knowledge (XXG):Ambiguous subjects 3938:MediaWiki:TitleBlacklist extension 3746:. (The individual terms – such as 3199:". Adjective and verb forms (e.g. 1332:Knowledge (XXG):Search engine test 1227:(not: compression-ignition engine) 25: 3258:Do not create subsidiary articles 2211:vs. the other meanings listed at 1552:Non-judgmental descriptive titles 1387:§ Use commonly recognizable names 1139:(not: Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi) 998:§ Use commonly recognizable names 919:reliable English-language sources 5110:Knowledge (XXG) content policies 4988: 4733: 4680: 4610: 4563:Please do not bite the newcomers 4436: 4282: 4082:commonly or frequently used name 3494:WP:Manual of Style (punctuation) 3207:) or disambiguation pages, like 2153:subtitles of some creative works 1897:If the article is not about the 1584:judgmental and non-neutral words 1151:(not: William Jefferson Clinton) 977: 150: 80: 3832:Knowledge (XXG):Requested moves 3644:Standard English and trademarks 3487:ʻElisiva Fusipala Taukiʻonetuku 3483:'Elisiva Fusipala Tauki'onetuku 3408:), "low-high" quotation marks ( 3231:Do not enclose titles in quotes 3193:A rolling stone gathers no moss 3061:WP:Naming conventions (plurals) 2992:WP:Manual of Style/Proper names 2552:Foreign names and anglicization 1213:Scientific and technical topics 1027:Use commonly recognizable names 971: 877:Knowledge (XXG):Requested moves 5105:Knowledge (XXG) article titles 4092:, as used in some disciplines. 3923:Knowledge (XXG):Category names 3400:) and single quotation marks ( 3306: 3239:is the article title, whereas 2824:Treatment of alternative names 2482:does not mean we have to have 2317:; an album of that name is at 2157:lists split over several pages 1996:Comma-separated disambiguation 1869:other uses of the term "Queen" 1249:(not: 1918 influenza pandemic) 1104:§ Neutrality in article titles 1033:Knowledge (XXG):Official names 960: 948:§ Precision and disambiguation 174:conventions for article titles 1: 4573:Responding to threats of harm 4315:Biographies of living persons 4125:Add this code in the search: 4070:remains the most common term. 4040:. For technical details, see 3394:Quotation marks (avoid them): 3067:Avoid ambiguous abbreviations 2986:page. For more guidance, see 2730:National varieties of English 2648:benefit from outside opinions 1807:specify adding the qualifier 1576:Restoration of the Everglades 1097:Editors should also consider 1092:National varieties of English 873:Knowledge (XXG):Moving a page 762:Biographies of living persons 58:WP:WikiProject North Carolina 4640:Criteria for speedy deletion 4509:Paid-contribution disclosure 3537:Italics and other formatting 2679:Knowledge (XXG):Romanization 2137:Wiegenlied, D 498 (Schubert) 2028:Parenthetical disambiguation 1890:If the article is about the 1600:non-neutral but common names 1500:common name in current use. 1454:Non-neutral but common names 1407:Neutrality in article titles 883:Deciding on an article title 4310:What Knowledge (XXG) is not 3890:naming conventions category 3776:problems or is engaging in 3755:Canada–United States border 3510:CJK Symbols and Punctuation 3388:combining diacritical marks 3275: 2772:United States Secretary of 2720:national variety of English 2255:vs. other topics listed at 2113:WP:NCP § Descriptive titles 1221:(not: acetylsalicylic acid) 1175:(not: Shirley Temple Black) 995: 975: 958: 945: 772:What Knowledge (XXG) is not 5131: 3967:(or some alternatives, as 3861: 3799: 3707: 3665: 3647: 3540: 3341: 3316: 3158: 3102: 3059:). For more guidance, see 3001: 2944: 2937: 2911: 2845: 2827: 2739: 2733: 2653:Names not originally in a 2586: 2580: 2555: 2520: 2445: 2427: 2356: 2338: 2166: 2101:List of birds of Nicaragua 2031: 2014:Names of royals and nobles 1922: 1850: 1825: 1744:Names of royals and nobles 1695: 1663: 1639: 1614: 1555: 1544: 1516:will type as a first guess 1457: 1435: 1410: 1370: 1359: 1341: 1036: 1030: 904: 886: 394:Government and legislation 110: 69: 62: 51: 36: 29: 5033: 4769: 4245: 4042:Knowledge (XXG):Page name 3736:Hellmann's and Best Foods 3334:WP:TITLESPECIALCHARACTERS 3091:). For more details, see 2501:peaceably coexist, as do 2120:Combinations of the above 1646:Knowledge (XXG) has many 1295: 1110:(unless unavoidable) nor 520:Language/country-specific 72:Knowledge (XXG):Page name 5100:Knowledge (XXG) policies 4198:Google Book Ngram Viewer 4086:common (vernacular) name 4084:, and not necessarily a 4003:Specifically, it is the 3767:Relegation and promotion 3732:Promotion and relegation 2878:'s title omits the "u", 2816:, American and Canadian 2010:Diana, Princess of Wales 1913:article titling criteria 1853:disambiguation guideline 1809:M-185 (Michigan highway) 1713:Saint Teresa of Calcutta 1652:conventions for medicine 1526:" properly redirects to 158:This page in a nutshell: 5016:Licensing and copyright 4236:policies and guidelines 3933:Linguistic prescription 3836:improve Knowledge (XXG) 3769:) should be redirects. 3704:Titles containing "and" 3268:Transport in Azerbaijan 3140:The Old Man and the Sea 3085:Conservative Party (UK) 3037:always in a plural form 2970:Northwestern University 2517:English-language titles 1981:variety of English used 1769:Energy (disambiguation) 1274:(not: Anakin Skywalker) 1266:Sailor Moon (character) 1196:(not: Pyramid of Khufu) 996:(For more details, see 4127:-inauthor:"Books, LLC" 3929:Linguistic description 3744:Pioneer 6, 7, 8, and 9 3638:§ Article title format 3622:Template:Infobox album 3369:Template:Correct title 2984:technical restrictions 2963:Titles are written in 2862: 2758:If a topic has strong 1919:Natural disambiguation 1169:(not: Marcus Antonius) 689:Technical restrictions 303:Ethnicities and tribes 180:All naming conventions 65:WP:WikiProject Austria 27:Knowledge (XXG) policy 5011:Friendly space policy 4801:Broad-concept article 4305:Neutral point of view 4114:myocardial infarction 3874:this page's talk page 3618:Template:Infobox film 3614:Template:Infobox book 3506:Symbols (avoid them): 3241:"To be, or not to be" 2855: 2722:used in the article. 2371:The official name of 2109:Pontius Pilate's wife 1811:with a redirect from 1793:with a redirect from 1580:neutral point of view 1520:expect to be taken to 1262:(not: Windows NT 5.1) 1194:Great Pyramid of Giza 1157:(not: Joanne Rowling) 866:Neutral point of view 742:Neutral point of view 360:Programming languages 172:Topic-specific naming 18:Knowledge (XXG):NDESC 4578:Talk page guidelines 4538:Conflict of interest 4479:Ownership of content 4324:Copyright violations 4300:No original research 4234:Knowledge (XXG) key 4106:disambiguation pages 3878:requests for comment 3844:Battle of Stalingrad 3089:Georgia (U.S. state) 2974:liberal arts college 2908:Article title format 2640:Multiple local names 2468:Azerbaijan (country) 2221:disambiguation pages 1611:Explicit conventions 1325:(exclude works from 1268:(not: Usagi Tsukino) 1243:(not: poliomyelitis) 974:, in the box above. 862:No original research 747:No original research 308:Royalty and nobility 4474:No personal attacks 4396:Don't create hoaxes 3796:Considering changes 3786:Islam and terrorism 3450:Similarly, various 3436:"Weird Al" Yankovic 3303:F. Scott Fitzgerald 3252:(David Bowie album) 3237:To be, or not to be 3047:) and the names of 2882:'s title does not. 2081:Mercury (mythology) 1861:precision criterion 1755:Bothell, Washington 1715:is too precise, as 1490:Teapot Dome scandal 1486:Alexander the Great 1013:different spellings 5069:List of guidelines 4890:Template namespace 4568:Courtesy vanishing 4543:Disruptive editing 4489:Dispute resolution 3602:magic word or the 3454:(-like) variants ( 3313:Special characters 2870:is referred to as 2863: 2257:The World Is Yours 2252:The Wörld Is Yours 2022:Battle of Waterloo 2002:Windsor, Berkshire 1648:naming conventions 1540:Great Leap Forward 1287:(not: Violoncello) 1190:(not: Deutschland) 1163:(not: Paul Hewson) 914:Article titles are 846:naming conventions 839:several principles 43:WP:Username policy 5087: 5086: 5029: 5028: 4969: 4968: 4932:Project namespace 4902: 4901: 4898: 4897: 4839:Dates and numbers 4806:Understandability 4716: 4715: 4663: 4662: 4655:Revision deletion 4628:Proposed deletion 4593: 4592: 4558:Gaming the system 4533:Assume good faith 4419: 4418: 4020:=Level-1 heading= 3782:Islamic terrorism 3778:original research 3696:. For these, see 3559:Use italics when 3430:) or required by 3051:of objects (e.g. 3039:in English (e.g. 2998:Use singular form 2934:Use sentence case 2600:Søren Kierkegaard 2472:Armenia (country) 2464:Georgia (country) 2458:control titling: 2088:Descriptive title 2073:Mercury (element) 1975:is preferable to 1448:descriptive title 1206:Westminster Abbey 808: 807: 725: 724: 451:Numbers and dates 424:Latter Day Saints 404:Political parties 164: 163: 145: 144: 16:(Redirected from 5122: 5064: 5063: 5054:List of policies 5049: 5048: 5006:List of policies 4993: 4992: 4991: 4983: 4979: 4976: 4924: 4923: 4922: 4914: 4910: 4907:Project content 4767: 4762: 4761: 4760: 4738: 4737: 4736: 4728: 4724: 4685: 4684: 4683: 4675: 4671: 4615: 4614: 4613: 4605: 4601: 4525: 4524: 4523: 4504:Child protection 4499:No legal threats 4469:Ignore all rules 4441: 4440: 4439: 4431: 4427: 4374:Reliable sources 4351: 4350: 4349: 4287: 4286: 4285: 4277: 4273: 4258:Ignore all rules 4240: 4228: 4221: 4214: 4205: 4185: 4174: 4168: 4157: 4151: 4136: 4130: 4128: 4123: 4117: 4099: 4093: 4088:, as opposed to 4077: 4071: 4060: 4054: 4051: 4045: 4033: 4027: 4025: 4021: 4017: 4006: 4001: 3959:, proper use of 3950:Knowledge (XXG): 3812: 3720: 3660: 3611: 3605: 3589: 3585: 3581: 3553: 3472:Bismarck (apple) 3457: 3456:’ ʻ ʾ ʿ ᾿ ῾ ‘ ’ 3427:"A" Is for Alibi 3423: 3419: 3411: 3407: 3403: 3399: 3356: 3336: 3329: 3280: 3178: 3171: 3115: 3021: 3014: 2957: 2924: 2840: 2782:American English 2752: 2644:Use modern names 2575: 2573:WP:TRANSLITERATE 2568: 2533: 2484:Guadalajara City 2440: 2410:Jean-Paul Sartre 2389:When the Pawn... 2351: 2312: 2297: 2193: 2186: 2179: 2077:Mercury (planet) 2058: 2051: 2044: 2006:Geographic names 1983:; for instance, 1950:reliable sources 1942: 1935: 1915:are weighed in: 1845: 1838: 1795:Leeds North West 1783:Leeds North West 1759:Geographic names 1746:. For instance: 1740:Geographic names 1690: 1688:WP:OVERPRECISION 1683: 1676: 1634: 1627: 1607:be acceptable.) 1568: 1522:. Thus, typing " 1477: 1470: 1430: 1423: 1354: 1313:Proxima Centauri 1298: 1297: 1071:natural-language 1063: 1056: 1049: 1001: 981: 964: 951: 916: 915: 899: 835:reliable sources 800: 793: 786: 767:Image use policy 734: 732:Content policies 727: 717: 710: 703: 675: 318:Baseball players 175: 168: 154: 153: 147: 137: 130: 123: 84: 83: 77: 21: 5130: 5129: 5125: 5124: 5123: 5121: 5120: 5119: 5090: 5089: 5088: 5083: 5061: 5060: 5046: 5045: 5025: 4989: 4987: 4965: 4920: 4918: 4894: 4868: 4822:Manual of Style 4810: 4758: 4756: 4750: 4734: 4732: 4712: 4708:Page protection 4681: 4679: 4659: 4623:Deletion policy 4611: 4609: 4589: 4521: 4519: 4513: 4437: 4435: 4415: 4406:Patent nonsense 4401:Fringe theories 4347: 4345: 4339: 4283: 4281: 4265: 4241: 4232: 4194: 4189: 4188: 4178:Manual of Style 4175: 4171: 4158: 4154: 4137: 4133: 4124: 4120: 4100: 4096: 4090:scientific name 4078: 4074: 4061: 4057: 4052: 4048: 4034: 4030: 4023: 4019: 4015: 4004: 4002: 3998: 3993: 3909: 3870: 3860: 3816: 3815: 3810:WP:TITLECHANGES 3808: 3804: 3798: 3724: 3723: 3716: 3712: 3706: 3670: 3664: 3663: 3656: 3652: 3646: 3609: 3603: 3573:foreign phrases 3565:taxonomic names 3563:; for example, 3557: 3556: 3549: 3545: 3539: 3477:Malus domestica 3460:Anthony d'Offay 3353: 3346: 3340: 3339: 3332: 3325: 3321: 3315: 3309:section above. 3295:John F. Kennedy 3291:WP:Middle names 3287: 3260: 3233: 3197:Try to Remember 3182: 3181: 3174: 3167: 3163: 3157: 3119: 3118: 3111: 3107: 3101: 3069: 3057:Bantu languages 3053:Arabic numerals 3025: 3024: 3017: 3010: 3006: 3000: 2961: 2960: 2953: 2949: 2943: 2936: 2928: 2927: 2920: 2916: 2910: 2880:Orange (colour) 2850: 2844: 2843: 2836: 2832: 2826: 2786:British English 2756: 2755: 2748: 2744: 2738: 2732: 2675:Chiang Kai-shek 2630:are translated 2592: 2585: 2579: 2578: 2571: 2564: 2560: 2554: 2537: 2536: 2531:WP:ENGLISHTITLE 2529: 2525: 2519: 2503:motorcycle tyre 2495:Orange (colour) 2451: 2444: 2443: 2436: 2432: 2426: 2362: 2355: 2354: 2347: 2343: 2337: 2308: 2304:Cold war (term) 2293: 2197: 2196: 2189: 2182: 2177:WP:SMALLDETAILS 2175: 2171: 2165: 2122: 2090: 2062: 2061: 2054: 2047: 2040: 2036: 2030: 1998: 1977:fan (implement) 1965:French language 1946: 1945: 1938: 1931: 1927: 1921: 1856: 1849: 1848: 1841: 1834: 1830: 1822: 1732:naming criteria 1709: 1698:MOS:UNCERTAINTY 1694: 1693: 1686: 1679: 1672: 1668: 1660: 1644: 1638: 1637: 1630: 1623: 1619: 1613: 1586:; for example, 1572: 1571: 1564: 1560: 1554: 1549: 1481: 1480: 1473: 1466: 1462: 1456: 1440: 1434: 1433: 1426: 1419: 1415: 1409: 1375: 1369: 1362:MOS:CHANGEDNAME 1358: 1357: 1350: 1346: 1340: 1235:Cavia porcellus 1067: 1066: 1059: 1052: 1045: 1041: 1035: 1029: 930:Recognizability 913: 912: 910: 903: 902: 895: 891: 885: 812:Knowledge (XXG) 804: 730: 721: 671: 529:Writing systems 206:Fauna (animals) 171: 151: 141: 140: 133: 126: 119: 115: 107: 106: 81: 75: 68: 61: 50: 35: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 5128: 5126: 5118: 5117: 5112: 5107: 5102: 5092: 5091: 5085: 5084: 5082: 5081: 5074: 5073: 5072: 5057: 5034: 5031: 5030: 5027: 5026: 5024: 5023: 5021:Privacy policy 5018: 5013: 5008: 5003: 4997: 4995: 4980: 4971: 4970: 4967: 4966: 4964: 4963: 4958: 4953: 4952: 4951: 4941: 4940: 4939: 4928: 4926: 4911: 4904: 4903: 4900: 4899: 4896: 4895: 4893: 4892: 4887: 4885:Categorization 4882: 4876: 4874: 4873:Classification 4870: 4869: 4867: 4866: 4861: 4856: 4851: 4846: 4841: 4836: 4831: 4830: 4829: 4818: 4816: 4812: 4811: 4809: 4808: 4803: 4798: 4793: 4791:Disambiguation 4788: 4783: 4782: 4781: 4770: 4764: 4752: 4751: 4749: 4748: 4746:Editing policy 4742: 4740: 4725: 4718: 4717: 4714: 4713: 4711: 4710: 4705: 4700: 4695: 4693:Administrators 4689: 4687: 4672: 4665: 4664: 4661: 4660: 4658: 4657: 4652: 4647: 4642: 4637: 4636: 4635: 4625: 4619: 4617: 4602: 4595: 4594: 4591: 4590: 4588: 4587: 4586: 4585: 4575: 4570: 4565: 4560: 4555: 4550: 4545: 4540: 4535: 4529: 4527: 4515: 4514: 4512: 4511: 4506: 4501: 4496: 4491: 4486: 4481: 4476: 4471: 4466: 4461: 4456: 4451: 4445: 4443: 4428: 4421: 4420: 4417: 4416: 4414: 4413: 4411:External links 4408: 4403: 4398: 4393: 4388: 4383: 4382: 4381: 4371: 4369:Citing sources 4366: 4361: 4355: 4353: 4341: 4340: 4338: 4337: 4335:Article titles 4332: 4327: 4317: 4312: 4307: 4302: 4297: 4291: 4289: 4274: 4267: 4266: 4264: 4263: 4262: 4261: 4246: 4243: 4242: 4233: 4231: 4230: 4223: 4216: 4208: 4202: 4201: 4193: 4192:External links 4190: 4187: 4186: 4169: 4152: 4131: 4118: 4110:cardiac arrest 4094: 4083: 4072: 4055: 4046: 4028: 3995: 3994: 3992: 3989: 3988: 3987: 3981: 3976: 3947: 3941: 3935: 3926: 3920: 3915: 3908: 3905: 3859: 3856: 3814: 3813: 3805: 3800: 3797: 3794: 3722: 3721: 3713: 3708: 3705: 3702: 3662: 3661: 3653: 3648: 3645: 3642: 3555: 3554: 3551:WP:ITALICTITLE 3546: 3541: 3538: 3535: 3534: 3533: 3523: 3513: 3502: 3501: 3498:MOS:APOSTROPHE 3490: 3447: 3446: 3391: 3350:cannot be used 3338: 3337: 3330: 3322: 3317: 3314: 3311: 3286: 3283: 3259: 3256: 3232: 3229: 3180: 3179: 3172: 3164: 3159: 3156: 3153: 3117: 3116: 3108: 3103: 3100: 3097: 3068: 3065: 3023: 3022: 3015: 3007: 3002: 2999: 2996: 2959: 2958: 2950: 2945: 2935: 2932: 2926: 2925: 2922:WP:TITLEFORMAT 2917: 2912: 2909: 2906: 2842: 2841: 2833: 2828: 2825: 2822: 2754: 2753: 2745: 2740: 2731: 2728: 2655:Latin alphabet 2636:Moselle Valley 2577: 2576: 2569: 2561: 2556: 2553: 2550: 2535: 2534: 2526: 2521: 2518: 2515: 2514: 2513: 2510: 2491: 2480:Chihuahua City 2476:Querétaro City 2457: 2442: 2441: 2433: 2428: 2425: 2422: 2398: 2397: 2384: 2353: 2352: 2344: 2339: 2336: 2333: 2325: 2324: 2306: 2287: 2286: 2195: 2194: 2187: 2180: 2172: 2167: 2164: 2161: 2145: 2144: 2121: 2118: 2117: 2116: 2089: 2086: 2085: 2084: 2060: 2059: 2052: 2045: 2037: 2032: 2029: 2026: 1997: 1994: 1993: 1992: 1944: 1943: 1936: 1928: 1923: 1920: 1917: 1909: 1908: 1895: 1847: 1846: 1839: 1831: 1826: 1821: 1820:Disambiguation 1818: 1817: 1816: 1798: 1780: 1762: 1725:Columbia River 1706:WP:PRECISELANG 1692: 1691: 1684: 1677: 1669: 1664: 1659: 1656: 1636: 1635: 1628: 1620: 1615: 1612: 1609: 1570: 1569: 1561: 1556: 1553: 1550: 1512: 1511: 1508: 1479: 1478: 1471: 1463: 1458: 1455: 1452: 1432: 1431: 1424: 1416: 1411: 1408: 1405: 1384: 1356: 1355: 1352:WP:NAMECHANGES 1347: 1342: 1339: 1336: 1317: 1316: 1310: 1303:Mueller report 1300: 1288: 1276: 1275: 1269: 1263: 1251: 1250: 1244: 1238: 1228: 1222: 1210: 1209: 1203: 1197: 1191: 1177: 1176: 1173:Shirley Temple 1170: 1164: 1158: 1152: 1146: 1140: 1137:Mahatma Gandhi 1065: 1064: 1057: 1050: 1042: 1037: 1028: 1025: 1021:disambiguation 988:United Kingdom 983: 982: 965: 952: 939: 933: 901: 900: 892: 887: 884: 881: 851: 806: 805: 803: 802: 795: 788: 780: 777: 776: 775: 774: 769: 764: 759: 757:Article titles 754: 749: 744: 736: 735: 723: 722: 720: 719: 712: 705: 697: 694: 693: 692: 691: 686: 681: 676: 669: 664: 662:Capitalization 656: 655: 651: 650: 649: 648: 643: 638: 633: 628: 623: 618: 613: 608: 603: 598: 593: 588: 583: 578: 573: 568: 563: 558: 553: 547: 546: 539: 532: 522: 521: 517: 516: 515: 510: 505: 500: 493: 492: 491: 490: 487: 481: 480: 479: 474: 467: 466: 465: 464: 461: 455: 454: 453: 446: 445: 444: 443: 440: 434: 433: 432: 431: 426: 421: 413: 412: 408: 407: 406: 401: 396: 389: 388: 387: 386: 383: 380: 374: 373: 372: 367: 362: 357: 352: 347: 340: 339: 338: 337: 334: 331: 325: 324: 323: 322: 321: 320: 310: 305: 300: 292: 291: 285: 284: 283: 278: 273: 268: 263: 258: 253: 248: 243: 238: 231: 230: 229: 228: 225: 222: 216: 215: 214: 213: 211:Flora (plants) 208: 200: 199: 195: 194: 193: 192: 182: 181: 177: 176: 173: 162: 161: 155: 143: 142: 139: 138: 131: 124: 116: 111: 108: 96: 95: 87: 85: 26: 24: 14: 13: 10: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 5127: 5116: 5113: 5111: 5108: 5106: 5103: 5101: 5098: 5097: 5095: 5080: 5079: 5075: 5071: 5070: 5065: 5058: 5056: 5055: 5050: 5043: 5042: 5041: 5040: 5036: 5035: 5032: 5022: 5019: 5017: 5014: 5012: 5009: 5007: 5004: 5002: 4999: 4998: 4996: 4994: 4984: 4981: 4972: 4962: 4959: 4957: 4954: 4950: 4947: 4946: 4945: 4942: 4938: 4935: 4934: 4933: 4930: 4929: 4927: 4925: 4915: 4912: 4905: 4891: 4888: 4886: 4883: 4881: 4878: 4877: 4875: 4871: 4865: 4862: 4860: 4857: 4855: 4852: 4850: 4847: 4845: 4842: 4840: 4837: 4835: 4834:Accessibility 4832: 4828: 4825: 4824: 4823: 4820: 4819: 4817: 4813: 4807: 4804: 4802: 4799: 4797: 4794: 4792: 4789: 4787: 4784: 4780: 4779:Summary style 4777: 4776: 4775: 4772: 4771: 4768: 4765: 4763: 4753: 4747: 4744: 4743: 4741: 4739: 4729: 4726: 4719: 4709: 4706: 4704: 4701: 4699: 4696: 4694: 4691: 4690: 4688: 4686: 4676: 4673: 4666: 4656: 4653: 4651: 4648: 4646: 4643: 4641: 4638: 4634: 4631: 4630: 4629: 4626: 4624: 4621: 4620: 4618: 4616: 4606: 4603: 4596: 4584: 4581: 4580: 4579: 4576: 4574: 4571: 4569: 4566: 4564: 4561: 4559: 4556: 4554: 4551: 4549: 4546: 4544: 4541: 4539: 4536: 4534: 4531: 4530: 4528: 4526: 4516: 4510: 4507: 4505: 4502: 4500: 4497: 4495: 4492: 4490: 4487: 4485: 4482: 4480: 4477: 4475: 4472: 4470: 4467: 4465: 4462: 4460: 4457: 4455: 4452: 4450: 4447: 4446: 4444: 4442: 4432: 4429: 4422: 4412: 4409: 4407: 4404: 4402: 4399: 4397: 4394: 4392: 4389: 4387: 4384: 4380: 4377: 4376: 4375: 4372: 4370: 4367: 4365: 4364:Autobiography 4362: 4360: 4357: 4356: 4354: 4352: 4342: 4336: 4333: 4331: 4328: 4325: 4321: 4318: 4316: 4313: 4311: 4308: 4306: 4303: 4301: 4298: 4296: 4295:Verifiability 4293: 4292: 4290: 4288: 4278: 4275: 4268: 4260: 4259: 4255: 4254: 4253: 4252: 4248: 4247: 4244: 4237: 4229: 4224: 4222: 4217: 4215: 4210: 4209: 4206: 4199: 4196: 4195: 4191: 4183: 4179: 4173: 4170: 4166: 4162: 4156: 4153: 4149: 4145: 4141: 4135: 4132: 4122: 4119: 4115: 4111: 4107: 4103: 4098: 4095: 4091: 4087: 4081: 4076: 4073: 4069: 4065: 4059: 4056: 4050: 4047: 4043: 4039: 4032: 4029: 4013: 4009: 4000: 3997: 3990: 3985: 3982: 3980: 3977: 3974: 3970: 3966: 3962: 3958: 3957: 3953: 3948: 3945: 3942: 3939: 3936: 3934: 3930: 3927: 3924: 3921: 3919: 3916: 3914: 3911: 3910: 3906: 3904: 3902: 3898: 3893: 3891: 3887: 3883: 3879: 3875: 3869: 3865: 3857: 3855: 3851: 3849: 3845: 3839: 3837: 3833: 3828: 3826: 3821: 3811: 3807: 3806: 3803: 3795: 3793: 3791: 3788:"; however, " 3787: 3783: 3779: 3775: 3770: 3768: 3764: 3760: 3756: 3751: 3749: 3745: 3741: 3737: 3733: 3729: 3719: 3715: 3714: 3711: 3703: 3701: 3699: 3695: 3691: 3686: 3684: 3683: 3678: 3677: 3669: 3659: 3655: 3654: 3651: 3643: 3641: 3639: 3634: 3629: 3627: 3623: 3619: 3615: 3608: 3601: 3595: 3593: 3576: 3574: 3570: 3566: 3562: 3552: 3548: 3547: 3544: 3536: 3531: 3527: 3524: 3521: 3517: 3514: 3511: 3507: 3504: 3503: 3499: 3495: 3491: 3488: 3485:redirects to 3484: 3480: 3478: 3473: 3469: 3465: 3461: 3453: 3449: 3448: 3444: 3442: 3437: 3433: 3429: 3428: 3415: 3395: 3392: 3389: 3385: 3381: 3377: 3374: 3373: 3372: 3370: 3366: 3362: 3357: 3351: 3345: 3335: 3331: 3328: 3324: 3323: 3320: 3312: 3310: 3308: 3304: 3300: 3296: 3292: 3284: 3282: 3279: 3273: 3269: 3265: 3264:summary style 3257: 3255: 3253: 3251: 3247:or the album 3246: 3242: 3238: 3230: 3228: 3226: 3223:form), as in 3222: 3218: 3214: 3210: 3206: 3202: 3198: 3194: 3190: 3186: 3177: 3173: 3170: 3166: 3165: 3162: 3154: 3152: 3150: 3146: 3142: 3141: 3136: 3132: 3128: 3124: 3114: 3110: 3109: 3106: 3098: 3096: 3094: 3090: 3086: 3082: 3078: 3074: 3066: 3064: 3062: 3058: 3054: 3050: 3046: 3042: 3038: 3034: 3030: 3020: 3016: 3013: 3009: 3008: 3005: 2997: 2995: 2993: 2989: 2985: 2981: 2977: 2975: 2971: 2966: 2965:sentence case 2956: 2952: 2951: 2948: 2941: 2933: 2931: 2923: 2919: 2918: 2915: 2907: 2905: 2903: 2899: 2897: 2893: 2888: 2883: 2881: 2877: 2873: 2869: 2859: 2858:article title 2854: 2849: 2839: 2838:WP:OTHERNAMES 2835: 2834: 2831: 2823: 2821: 2819: 2815: 2811: 2807: 2803: 2799: 2795: 2791: 2787: 2783: 2778: 2776: 2775: 2769: 2767: 2761: 2751: 2747: 2746: 2743: 2737: 2729: 2727: 2723: 2721: 2717: 2713: 2709: 2705: 2701: 2697: 2693: 2689: 2688: 2682: 2680: 2676: 2672: 2668: 2664: 2660: 2656: 2651: 2649: 2645: 2641: 2637: 2633: 2629: 2625: 2619: 2617: 2613: 2609: 2605: 2601: 2597: 2590: 2584: 2574: 2570: 2567: 2563: 2562: 2559: 2551: 2549: 2545: 2543: 2532: 2528: 2527: 2524: 2516: 2511: 2508: 2504: 2500: 2496: 2492: 2489: 2485: 2481: 2477: 2473: 2469: 2465: 2461: 2460: 2459: 2455: 2449: 2439: 2438:WP:CONSISTENT 2435: 2434: 2431: 2423: 2421: 2419: 2415: 2411: 2407: 2403: 2402:Oprah Winfrey 2395: 2391: 2390: 2385: 2382: 2378: 2374: 2370: 2369: 2368: 2367:For example: 2365: 2360: 2350: 2346: 2345: 2342: 2334: 2332: 2331:for details. 2330: 2323: 2321: 2316: 2313:redirects to 2311: 2307: 2305: 2301: 2298:redirects to 2296: 2292: 2291: 2290: 2284: 2280: 2278: 2274: 2269: 2268: 2267: 2265: 2260: 2258: 2254: 2253: 2248: 2244: 2240: 2236: 2235: 2230: 2226: 2222: 2218: 2214: 2213:Friendly Fire 2210: 2209:friendly fire 2206: 2202: 2192: 2188: 2185: 2181: 2178: 2174: 2173: 2170: 2162: 2160: 2158: 2154: 2150: 2142: 2138: 2134: 2131: 2130: 2129: 2127: 2119: 2114: 2110: 2106: 2102: 2098: 2095: 2094: 2093: 2087: 2082: 2078: 2074: 2070: 2067: 2066: 2065: 2057: 2056:WP:PARENTHDIS 2053: 2050: 2046: 2043: 2039: 2038: 2035: 2027: 2025: 2023: 2019: 2015: 2011: 2007: 2003: 1995: 1990: 1986: 1982: 1978: 1974: 1970: 1969:French people 1966: 1962: 1959: 1958: 1957: 1955: 1954:made-up names 1951: 1941: 1937: 1934: 1930: 1929: 1926: 1918: 1916: 1914: 1906: 1905: 1904:disambiguated 1900: 1899:primary topic 1896: 1893: 1892:primary topic 1889: 1888: 1887: 1884: 1882: 1878: 1877:Turkey (bird) 1874: 1870: 1866: 1862: 1854: 1844: 1840: 1837: 1833: 1832: 1829: 1824: 1819: 1814: 1810: 1806: 1802: 1799: 1796: 1792: 1788: 1784: 1781: 1778: 1774: 1773:Primary topic 1770: 1766: 1763: 1760: 1756: 1752: 1749: 1748: 1747: 1745: 1741: 1737: 1736:Primary topic 1733: 1728: 1726: 1722: 1718: 1717:Mother Teresa 1714: 1707: 1703: 1699: 1689: 1685: 1682: 1678: 1675: 1671: 1670: 1667: 1662: 1657: 1655: 1653: 1649: 1643: 1633: 1629: 1626: 1622: 1621: 1618: 1610: 1608: 1605: 1601: 1596: 1593: 1589: 1585: 1581: 1577: 1567: 1563: 1562: 1559: 1551: 1548: 1543: 1541: 1537: 1533: 1529: 1528:Nadya Suleman 1525: 1521: 1517: 1509: 1506: 1505: 1504: 1501: 1499: 1495: 1491: 1487: 1476: 1472: 1469: 1465: 1464: 1461: 1453: 1451: 1449: 1445: 1439: 1429: 1425: 1422: 1418: 1417: 1414: 1406: 1404: 1402: 1398: 1394: 1390: 1388: 1382: 1380: 1374: 1367: 1363: 1353: 1349: 1348: 1345: 1337: 1335: 1333: 1328: 1323: 1322:search engine 1314: 1311: 1308: 1304: 1301: 1292: 1289: 1286: 1283: 1282: 1281: 1280: 1273: 1270: 1267: 1264: 1261: 1258: 1257: 1256: 1255: 1248: 1245: 1242: 1239: 1236: 1232: 1229: 1226: 1225:Diesel engine 1223: 1220: 1217: 1216: 1215: 1214: 1207: 1204: 1201: 1198: 1195: 1192: 1189: 1186: 1185: 1184: 1183: 1182: 1174: 1171: 1168: 1165: 1162: 1159: 1156: 1155:J. K. Rowling 1153: 1150: 1147: 1145:(not: Musa I) 1144: 1141: 1138: 1135: 1134: 1133: 1132: 1131: 1126: 1123: 1121: 1115: 1113: 1109: 1105: 1100: 1095: 1093: 1088: 1085: 1084:five criteria 1081: 1077: 1072: 1062: 1061:WP:COMMONTERM 1058: 1055: 1054:WP:COMMONNAME 1051: 1048: 1044: 1043: 1040: 1034: 1026: 1024: 1022: 1018: 1014: 1010: 1006: 1002: 999: 993: 989: 979: 978:§ Consistency 973: 969: 966: 962: 956: 953: 949: 943: 940: 937: 934: 931: 928: 927: 926: 924: 920: 917:based on how 908: 898: 894: 893: 890: 882: 880: 878: 874: 869: 867: 863: 859: 858:Verifiability 855: 849: 847: 842: 840: 836: 832: 826: 824: 820: 816: 815:article title 813: 801: 796: 794: 789: 787: 782: 781: 779: 778: 773: 770: 768: 765: 763: 760: 758: 755: 753: 752:Verifiability 750: 748: 745: 743: 740: 739: 738: 737: 733: 728: 718: 713: 711: 706: 704: 699: 698: 696: 695: 690: 687: 685: 682: 680: 677: 674: 670: 668: 665: 663: 660: 659: 658: 657: 652: 647: 644: 642: 639: 637: 634: 632: 629: 627: 624: 622: 619: 617: 614: 612: 609: 607: 604: 602: 599: 597: 594: 592: 589: 587: 584: 582: 579: 577: 574: 572: 569: 567: 564: 562: 559: 557: 554: 552: 551:Ancient Roman 549: 548: 545: 544: 543:All countries 540: 538: 537: 536:All languages 533: 531: 530: 526: 525: 524: 523: 518: 514: 511: 509: 506: 504: 501: 499: 496: 495: 494: 488: 485: 484: 482: 478: 475: 473: 470: 469: 468: 462: 459: 458: 456: 452: 449: 448: 447: 441: 438: 437: 435: 430: 427: 425: 422: 420: 417: 416: 415: 414: 411:Organizations 409: 405: 402: 400: 397: 395: 392: 391: 390: 384: 381: 378: 377: 375: 371: 368: 366: 363: 361: 358: 356: 353: 351: 348: 346: 343: 342: 341: 335: 332: 329: 328: 326: 319: 316: 315: 314: 311: 309: 306: 304: 301: 299: 296: 295: 294: 293: 290: 286: 282: 279: 277: 274: 272: 269: 267: 264: 262: 259: 257: 254: 252: 249: 247: 244: 242: 239: 237: 234: 233: 232: 226: 224:Entertainment 223: 220: 219: 217: 212: 209: 207: 204: 203: 202: 201: 196: 191: 190: 186: 185: 184: 183: 178: 169: 166: 159: 156: 149: 148: 136: 132: 129: 125: 122: 118: 117: 114: 109: 104: 100: 94: 92: 86: 79: 78: 73: 66: 59: 55: 48: 47:WP:Namespaces 44: 40: 33: 19: 5076: 5067: 5059: 5052: 5044: 5037: 5001:Terms of Use 4986: 4937:WikiProjects 4917: 4854:Lead section 4774:Article size 4755: 4731: 4678: 4668:Enforcement 4608: 4518: 4494:Sockpuppetry 4484:Edit warring 4434: 4344: 4334: 4280: 4256: 4251:Five pillars 4249: 4172: 4155: 4134: 4121: 4101: 4097: 4075: 4067: 4063: 4058: 4049: 4031: 4014:be the only 4011: 4008:HTML element 3999: 3972: 3968: 3964: 3960: 3955: 3951: 3897:WikiProjects 3894: 3882:Village Pump 3871: 3862:Main pages: 3852: 3840: 3829: 3819: 3817: 3771: 3759:yin and yang 3752: 3725: 3687: 3680: 3674: 3671: 3632: 3630: 3607:Italic title 3600:DISPLAYTITLE 3596: 3577: 3558: 3525: 3520:Fleur-de-lis 3515: 3505: 3476: 3440: 3425: 3393: 3375: 3358: 3354:# < : --> 3347: 3299:J. P. Morgan 3288: 3261: 3249: 3234: 3220: 3189:noun phrases 3183: 3138: 3134: 3130: 3126: 3120: 3070: 3026: 3019:WP:ARTSINGLE 2968: 2962: 2955:WP:LOWERCASE 2929: 2900: 2884: 2864: 2857: 2817: 2813: 2809: 2802:colour state 2793: 2789: 2779: 2773: 2765: 2757: 2724: 2715: 2711: 2707: 2691: 2685: 2683: 2667:Hanyu Pinyin 2658: 2652: 2632:Rhine Valley 2627: 2623: 2620: 2612:delicatessen 2593: 2546: 2538: 2499:Lime (color) 2452: 2414:J. P. 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