Knowledge (XXG):Plagiarism - Knowledge (XXG)

2133:, Harvard University: "In academic writing, it is considered plagiarism to draw any idea or any language from someone else without adequately crediting that source in your paper. It doesn't matter whether the source is a published author, another student, a Web site without clear authorship, a Web site that sells academic papers, or any other person: Taking credit for anyone else's work is stealing, and it is unacceptable in all academic situations, whether you do it intentionally or by accident." The university offers examples of different kinds of plagiarism, including verbatim plagiarism, mosaic plagiarism, inadequate paraphrase, uncited paraphrase, uncited quotation. 2337:, in other words one that is likely to have watchful editors and lawyers; there must be no evidence that the author(s), or publisher(s), of the unattributed use later lost, or settled out of court, a lawsuit based on the unattributed use, or that the publisher issued an apology, or retraction, for plagiarism relating to the unattributed use. Since it is impossible to prove that something does not exist, Knowledge (XXG) editors who suspect plagiarism is involved must provide reliable evidence of such a legal judgment, out-of-court settlement, apology, or retraction. 1319:: plagiarized text often demonstrates a sudden change from an editor's usual style and tone and may appear more advanced in grammar and vocabulary. Plagiarized material may contain unexplained acronyms or technical jargon that has been described in an earlier part of the plagiarized document. Because plagiarized material was written for other purposes, it is often un-encyclopedic in tone. An editor who plagiarizes multiple sources will appear to frequently and abruptly change writing styles. 1399:

manufacturer's history page, then on turning to Knowledge (XXG), finds manufacturer's verbatim text content appearing in the History section of the company's Knowledge (XXG) article—the process of correcting the text may be outside of the skill set of the individual discovering it, and so cannot take place immediately. Even if within the skill set, it may not be rapidly achievable by the discovering editor (e.g., if the process requires identifying alternative content or sources).

1510:, in place. If the author information conveyed by the metadata, or watermark, contradicts the author information on the image description page, this is a sign the image requires investigation. A user's original photographs can also be expected to have similar metadata, since most people own a small number of cameras; varied metadata is suspicious. Suspicions based on metadata should be checked with other editors experienced with images and other media. 1413: 1191:. This means they cannot be extensively copied into Knowledge (XXG) articles. Limited amounts of text can be quoted or closely paraphrased from nonfree sources if such text is clearly indicated in the article as being the words of someone else; this can be accomplished by providing an in-text attribution, and quotation marks or block quotations as appropriate, followed by an inline citation. 119: 1840:. The editor should also consider this if the online source is not available on a stable site or is in a form (e.g., a photocopied book) that is not readily convertible into simple text. This may be appropriate even when the source appears to be at a stable site and in an acceptable form, because the Wikisource site is under control of the Wikimedia foundation and other sites are not. 35: 357: 1125: 1080: 1029: 970: 1327:. It is usually possible to find the exact version in article history from which a mirror copy was made. Conversely, if the text in question was added in one large edit, and the text closely matches the external source, this is an indication of direct copying. When in doubt, double check search engine results with an experienced Wikipedian. 925: 880: 835: 747: 712: 667: 634: 100: 1446:

copyright need not to be removed from Knowledge (XXG), if its repair is possible. But it must be repaired, and until the repair is achieved, editors have the responsibility of identifying violating text, and alerting readers that the text is not in compliance with core Knowledge (XXG) policies and guidelines.

1164:: If the sentence "political change increases the likelihood of violence against the state" is distinctive in some way (if, for example, it represents an unusual position), it may require in-text attribution (Michael E. Brown suggests that ...) despite being an editor's own summary of the source material. 1987:

A practice preferred by some Knowledge (XXG) editors when copying material from public domain or compatibly-licensed sources is to paste the content in one edit and indicate in the edit summary of the source of the material. If following this practice, immediately follow up with proper attribution in

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An easy way to test for plagiarism of online sources is to copy and paste passages into a search engine. Exact matches, or near matches, may be plagiarism. When running such tests, be aware that other websites reuse content from Knowledge (XXG). A list of identified websites which do so is maintained

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simple, non-creative lists of information that are common knowledge. If the list is drawn from another source (i.e., it is not common knowledge), or if creativity has gone into producing a list by selecting which facts are included, or in which order they are listed, then reproducing the list without

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This practice has some advantages—for example, further changes such as modernizing language and correcting errors can be done in separate edits after the original insertion of text, allowing later editors the ability to make a clear comparison between the original source text and the current version

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If a Knowledge (XXG) article is constructed through summarizing reliable sources, but there is a paragraph or a few sentences copied from compatibly licensed or public-domain text which is not placed within quotations, then putting an attribution template in a footnote at the end of the sentences or

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If the external work is in the public domain, but it contains an original idea or is a primary source, then it may be necessary to alter the wording of the text (for example, not including all the text from the original work, or quoting some sections, or specifically attributing to a specific source

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of the original. Here it should be borne in mind that an occasional sentence in an article that bears a recognizable similarity to a sentence in a cited source is not generally a cause for concern. Some facts and opinions can only be expressed in so many ways and still be the same fact or opinion. A

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Department of Education." © Copyright 2002 by Brian Klug.) However, please note, this tool routinely fails to identify material taken from recent published sources whose texts do not appear online. For instance, the Charles Lipson quote appearing in footnote, above, is not detected as being derived

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license models. Contributors continue to own copyright to their contributions, but they liberally license their contributions for reuse and modification. GFDL and CC BY-SA do require attribution. However, since Knowledge (XXG)'s articles do not contain bylines, it is not necessary or appropriate to

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As such, whether or not one is able to contact the responsible earlier editor, the process of correcting Knowledge (XXG) content will lie to greater or lessor extent with editors currently visiting and actively involved with the article in question. Material that is plagiarized but does not violate

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is taking credit for someone else's writing as your own, including their language and ideas, without providing adequate credit. The University of Cambridge defines plagiarism as: "submitting as one's own work, irrespective of intent to deceive, that which derives in part or in its entirety from the

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Avoiding plagiarism requires familiarity with citation and paraphrasing. Contributors need to know when and how to cite sources. When paraphrasing, they need to know how much they can and should retain without following too closely on source text. They also need to remember when and where they saw

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A "derivative work" is a work based upon one or more preexisting works, such as a translation, musical arrangement, dramatization, fictionalization, motion picture version, sound recording, art reproduction, abridgment, condensation, or any other form in which a work may be recast, transformed, or

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If the source is in a language other than English, the contributor may be under the mistaken belief that the act of translation is a sufficient revision to eliminate concerns of plagiarism. On the contrary, regardless of whether the work is free, the obligation remains to give credit to authors of

1836:, and this is best accomplished when a reader can easily compare the Knowledge (XXG) article to the source. Many public domain sources are online, and attribution can (and should) include hyperlink. When there is no online source, the editor should consider creating an exact copy of the source at 1462:

Regardless of the specific approach among these used, until the repair is complete, information regarding the source article or file page must appear, and the sentence, section, or article containing substantial plagiarised content much be labeled with a template message (tag). Alternatively, and

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It may not always be feasible to contact the contributor. For example, an editor who placed text three years ago and has not edited since is unlikely to be available to respond to the concerns that are raised. Moreover, while discovery of plagiarism can be rapid and inescapable—e.g., one visits a

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If you find an example of plagiarism where an editor has copied text, media, or figures into Knowledge (XXG) without proper attribution, contact the editor responsible, point them to this guideline, and ask them to add attribution. Attribution errors may be inadvertent, so intentional plagiarism

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Per Lipson, 2013, p. 43: "If you use someone else's work, cite it... Cite it even if the work is freely available in the public domain... All these rules follow from the same idea: acknowledge what you take from others. The only exception is when you rely on commonly known information." See full

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Whether it is copyright-expired or public domain for other reasons, material from public-domain sources is welcome on Knowledge (XXG), but such material must be properly attributed. Public-domain attribution notices should not be removed from an article or simply replaced with inline citations

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Plagiarism is presenting someone else's work – including their language and ideas – as your own, whether intentionally or inadvertently. Because it can happen easily and by mistake, all editors are strongly advised to actively identify any potential issues in their writing. Plagiarism can take

2197:: "The author of a quote of a full sentence or more should be named; this is done in the main text and not in a footnote. However, attribution is unnecessary with quotations that are clearly from the person discussed in the article or section. When preceding a quotation with its attribution, 1235:

states that all plagiarism rules "follow from the same idea: acknowledge what you take from others. The only exception is when you rely on commonly known information." Plagiarism is less a concern where the content both lacks creativity and where the facts and ideas being offered are common

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Care must be taken to check that what appears to be a compatible licence is indeed compatible. Some websites allow text to be copied for educational or non-commercial use. Such text is not compatible with the Knowledge (XXG) licences because the text must be free to be used and distributed

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with: further editor perspective to ensure the presented mechanisms are complete; as well, specific Wikilinks can be added to the text to support the content already appearing, and a further specific recommendation about appropriate template messages (tags) should appear. You can help by

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requires in-text attribution when quoting a full sentence or more. Naming the author in the text allows the reader to see that it relies heavily on someone else's ideas, without having to search in the footnote. You can avoid inadvertent plagiarism by remembering these rules of thumb:

2645:(see "Further reading"). (Hyperlinked resources, including: a "glossary of terms" relating to plagiarism; a bibliography of "Books and Other Resources"; and profiles of "Famous Plagiarists". "Copyright 2004–2006 Famous Plagiarists.com / War On Plagiarism.org. Some Rights Reserved"). 777:. The more of the source's words that were copied, and the more distinctive the phrasing, the more serious the violation. Adding in-text attribution ("John Smith states that ...") always avoids accusations of plagiarism, though it does not invariably avoid copyright violations. See 1659:, or a similar attribution template is acceptable to acknowledge the work of others and still allow subsequent modification. See the next section for more on using attribution templates with compatibly licensed sources; the proper template may vary by the license of the source. 1386:

As well as requesting repair of the example you found, you may wish to invite the editor to identify and repair any other instances of plagiarism they may have placed before becoming familiar with this guideline. If an editor persists in plagiarizing, report the editor to the

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A public domain source may be summarized and cited in the same manner as for copyrighted material, but the source's text can also be copied verbatim into a Knowledge (XXG) article. If text is copied or closely paraphrased from a free source, it must be

788:, because this is the consensus of many scientists, not only a claim by Jones. In such cases, plagiarism can be avoided by summarizing information in your own words or acknowledging explicitly that while the words are from Jones, the view is widespread. 1690:). Most compatible licenses require that author attribution be given, and even if the license does not, the material must be attributed to avoid plagiarism. Attribution for compatibly licensed text can be provided through the use of an appropriate 1334:. Plagiarism detection systems, some of which are freely available online, exist primarily to help detect academic fraud. Knowledge (XXG) does not endorse, or recommend, any external services, so your own experience will be the guide. 2620:. The Learning Centre, Academic Skills Resources, University of New South Wales, (last updated) 24 Oct. 2008. 12 Mar. 2009. (Includes: "What Is Plagiarism?"; "Common Forms of Plagiarism"; and "Plagiarism & the Internet".) 2273:

adapted.... Subject to sections 107 through 122, the owner of copyright under this title has the exclusive rights to do and to authorize any of the following:...(2) to prepare derivative works based upon the copyrighted work....

1867:), copying content (including text, images, and citations) from one Knowledge (XXG) article to another or from one language Knowledge (XXG) to another is not plagiarism as long as attribution is provided via the edit summaries. 783:

Be cautious when using in-text attribution, because it can lead to other problems. For example, "According to Professor Susan Jones, human-caused increases in atmospheric carbon dioxide have led to global warming" might be a

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This can begin with a commonsense question: Does it seem likely that the uploader is the original source? The person who scans an image from an 1825 textbook on herbs is unlikely to be the author, even if they have claimed

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mathematical and scientific formulae that are part of the most basic and general background knowledge of a field, E = mc and F = ma (where, even in these cases, for deeper reader understanding, a citation may be best

2300:...large-scale cribbing of foreign-language texts might occur during the process of translation.... The practice persists even though the most flagrant violators are eventually accused and dismissed from their posts. 1677:

license that removes some restrictions on distributing copies and making modified versions of a work, it may be acceptable to include the text directly into a Knowledge (XXG) article, provided that the license is

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identify an additional source or sources relevant to the text content in question, then edit the content, paraphrasing per Knowledge (XXG) guidelines, so that it is fully consistent with the original and added

2689: 2571: 469:. Similarly, even though there is no copyright issue, public-domain content is plagiarized if used without acknowledging the source. For advice on how to avoid violating copyright on Knowledge (XXG), see 734:

Summarizing a source in your own words does not in itself mean you have not plagiarized, if you are still relying heavily on the work of another writer. Credit should be given in the form of an inline

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requires that articles be based on reliable published sources. These policies mean that Wikipedians are highly vulnerable to accusations of plagiarism because we must stick closely to sources, but not

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If a significant proportion of the text is copied or closely paraphrased from a compatibly-licensed or public domain souce, attribution is generally provided either through the use of an appropriate

3125: 2718: 1487:. Sometimes doubts may be triggered by the professional quality of media, or by the exclusivity. If you suspect plagiarism, try to locate the original source through an online search engine such as 3040: 2731: 2183:

There may be exceptions when using extensive content from free or copy-left sources, so long as proper attribution is provided in footnote or in the references section at the bottom of the page.

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with very few changes—from a source that is not acknowledged anywhere in the article, either in the body of the article, or in footnotes, the references section, or the external links section.

1003:: Michael E. Brown writes: "Political transitions brought about by the collapse of authoritarian rule, democratization, or political reforms also make states particularly prone to violence." 3372: 1243:

phrases that are the simplest and most obvious way to present information; sentences such as "John Smith was born on 2 February 1900" lack sufficient creativity to require attribution.

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foreign language texts for their creative expression, information and ideas, and, if the work is unfree, direct translation is likely to be a copyright violation as well.

1062:: Michael E. Brown suggests that political change, such as the move from an authoritarian government to a democratic one, can "make states particularly prone to violence." 2711: 281: 2410:

Exif data is automatically saved by most modern digital cameras, and includes important information about the camera being used and the date/time of the picture (see

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copying of the diction of one or more sources across multiple sentences or paragraphs. In addition, when dealing with non-free sources, be sure that any appropriated

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with very few changes from a copyrighted source—then citing the source in an inline citation after the passage that was copied, without naming the source in the text.

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To qualify as a "common expression or idiom", the phrase must have been used without attribution at least 2 years ago by someone other than the originator and in a

1152:: "Political transitions brought about by the collapse of authoritarian rule, democratization, or political reforms also make states particularly prone to violence." 1107:: "Political transitions brought about by the collapse of authoritarian rule, democratization, or political reforms also make states particularly prone to violence." 1056:: "Political transitions brought about by the collapse of authoritarian rule, democratization, or political reforms also make states particularly prone to violence." 997:: "Political transitions brought about by the collapse of authoritarian rule, democratization, or political reforms also make states particularly prone to violence." 952:: "Political transitions brought about by the collapse of authoritarian rule, democratization, or political reforms also make states particularly prone to violence." 907:: "Political transitions brought about by the collapse of authoritarian rule, democratization, or political reforms also make states particularly prone to violence." 862:: "Political transitions brought about by the collapse of authoritarian rule, democratization, or political reforms also make states particularly prone to violence." 913:: Political transitions brought about by the collapse of authoritarian rule, democratization, or political reforms also make states particularly prone to violence. 868:: Political transitions brought about by the collapse of authoritarian rule, democratization, or political reforms also make states particularly prone to violence. 3331: 1113:: Michael E. Brown suggests that political change, such as the move from an authoritarian government to a democratic one, can provoke violence against the state. 2361: 3055: 2704: 3531: 549: 245: 240: 125: 2423:

XMP is utilized by Adobe in its image manipulation programs; it tracks the history of modification and, when possible, original ownership information (see

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It can also be useful to perform a direct comparison between cited sources and text within the article to see if text has been plagiarized, including too-

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If you find duplicated text or media, consider first whether the primary problem is plagiarism or copyright infringement. If the source is not in the

958:: Political transitions brought about by the end of authoritarian government, democratization, or political change also make states prone to violence. 773:

Here the editor is not trying to pass the work off as their own, but it is still regarded as plagiarism, because the source's words were used without

3346: 3132: 3001: 165: 3592: 2084:— user talk page warning/request on plagiarism: "... Please make sure that any public domain content you have already imported is fully attributed. 42: 1864: 1849: 204: 3429: 723:

Summarizing a source in your own words, without citing the source in any way, may also be a form of plagiarism, as well as a violation of the

465:. Giving credit does not mean the infringement has not occurred, so be careful not to quote so much of a non-free source that you violate the 307: 3319: 1236:

knowledge. Here are some examples where in-text attribution is generally not required, though you may still need to add an inline citation:

2802: 2658: 388:. Because plagiarism can occur without an intention to deceive, concerns should focus on educating the editor and cleaning up the article. 3351: 2728: 1283: 336: 297: 1528:

For images and other media, the correct source and licensing information must be supplied, otherwise the files run the risk of deletion.

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Frequently, a person who uploads and claims credit for another's image will leave the original image metadata, or a visible or invisible

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with very few changes—then citing the source somewhere in the article, but not directly after the sentence or passage that was copied.

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Regardless of plagiarism concerns, works under copyright that are not available under a compatible free license must comply with the

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The guidance in this section must not be read in isolation. Inline citations to a source are still required as described in the

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source material (for example: "John Smith wrote that the building looked spectacular," or "According to Smith (2012) ..."). The

312: 2636: 3597: 3561: 3382: 3060: 3035: 2981: 2550:. 12 Mar. 2009. (Provides hyperlinked "Citation Guides" pertaining to the most commonly used citation guidelines, including 2093: 1275: 529: 404: 329: 271: 250: 129: 2485: 2321: 2293: 2262:"Copyright Law of the United States of America and Related Laws Contained in Title 17 of the United States Code, Circular 92" 2003: 1966: 1924: 1877: 1802: 1691: 1668: 1634: 1372: 431:: Add in-text attribution when you copy or closely paraphrase another author's words or flow of thought, unless the material 3424: 3200: 3147: 3120: 3050: 3025: 1793:). Of course, citable information should not be left without cites, although the most appropriate citations should be used. 1764: 1360: 1324: 447:: Maintain text–source integrity: place your inline citations so that it is clear which source supports which point, or use 214: 1910:

which is designed around material with an externally posted license, or use a source-specific attribution template such as

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something first, both in active research, while note taking, and during composition, to avoid unconscious plagiarism. See

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more radically, the unsourced material can be moved to the article's Talk page until its full repair can be accomplished.

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Put the whole text of the source (if small enough) in quotation marks or blockquotes, followed by an inline citation; or

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are not the same thing. Copyright infringement occurs when content is used in a way that violates a copyright holder's

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or licensed compatibly with Knowledge (XXG), or if you suspect that it is not, you should address it under the

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This can look as though the editor is trying to pass the text off as their own. It can happen by accident when

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provide attribution on the article's face. As long as the licensing requirements for attribution are met (see

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unless it is verified that substantially all of the source's phrasing has been removed from the article (see

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Doing Honest Work in College: How to Prepare Citations, Avoid Plagiarism, and Achieve Real Academic Success

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Doing Honest Work in College: How to Prepare Citations, Avoid Plagiarism, and Achieve Real Academic Success

2099: 2087: 1338: 763: 759: 683: 679: 650: 646: 509: 448: 155: 141: 2918: 2079: 2018: 1941:" near the bottom of the page. In such cases consider adding the attribution statements at the end of the 1453:

edit the content to define the limits of the plagiarism (by adding quotation marks, or <blockquote: -->

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paragraph is sufficient. To aid with attribution at the end of a few sentences, consider using a general

1376: 1184: 1178: 698: 443: 2641: 1724: 1679: 3453: 3448: 2941: 2606:. Writing Tutorial Services, Campus Writing Program, Indiana University, (last updated) 27 Apr. 2004. 1683: 1593: 1363:; contributors may not be familiar with the concept of plagiarism. It may be helpful to refer them to 1240:

use of common expressions and idioms, including those that are common in sub-cultures such as academia;

1200: 820:(adding the author's name to the text) and an inline citation. The following examples are adapted from 593: 505: 67: 54: 2764: 2226:: "Acknowledging the source of the copyrighted material does not substitute for obtaining permission." 2567: 2142: 1578: 1316: 1132:

No in-text attribution, no quotation marks, text summarized in an editor's own words, inline citation

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The above example is the most egregious form of plagiarism and the least likely to be accidental.

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and the terms of the license are met. (A partial table of license compatibility can be found at

1142:: Michael E. Brown, "The Causes of Internal Conflict: An Overview," in Michael E. Brown, et al, 1097:: Michael E. Brown, "The Causes of Internal Conflict: An Overview," in Michael E. Brown, et al, 1046:: Michael E. Brown, "The Causes of Internal Conflict: An Overview," in Michael E. Brown, et al, 987:: Michael E. Brown, "The Causes of Internal Conflict: An Overview," in Michael E. Brown, et al, 942:: Michael E. Brown, "The Causes of Internal Conflict: An Overview," in Michael E. Brown, et al, 897:: Michael E. Brown, "The Causes of Internal Conflict: An Overview," in Michael E. Brown, et al, 852:: Michael E. Brown, "The Causes of Internal Conflict: An Overview," in Michael E. Brown, et al, 3513: 2482: 2385: 2318: 2290: 2246:

Michael E. Brown, "The Causes of Internal Conflict: An Overview," in Michael E. Brown, et al,

1507: 473:. For how to deal with copying material from free sources, such as public-domain sources, see 423:: Cite a source in the form of an inline citation after the sentence or paragraph in question. 2529: 1826: 1806: 1392: 1010: 702: 694: 533: 2696: 1536: 1481: 1036:

In-text attribution, quotation marks, most of the text properly paraphrased, inline citation

2499: 1388: 1380: 1188: 466: 3493: 2581: 2539: 2411: 2062:(deactivated) – automatically patrolled newly created pages for plagiarism and tagged them 1491:. Other factors to consider include the editing history of the uploader and, with images, 1068:: Even with in-text attribution, distinctive words or phrases may require quotation marks. 932:

No in-text attribution, no quotation marks, text closely paraphrased, inline citation only

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You can avoid plagiarism by summarizing source material in your own words followed by an

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Copying from a source acknowledged in a well-placed citation, without in-text attribution

2677: 1718:: for content imported from a source that may be reused under both CC-By-SA 3.0 and GFDL 1375:. Editors who have difficulties or questions about this guidance can be referred to the 17: 2607: 2593: 2547: 2533: 1232: 1412: 1293: 724: 521: 3586: 3162: 2544:"Citing Sources: Documentation Guidelines for Citing Sources and Avoiding Plagiarism" 2261: 1712: 1556: 1289: 569: 3470: 2009:

In a way unambiguously indicating exactly what has been copied verbatim, provide an

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In-text attribution, no quotation marks, text properly paraphrased, inline citation

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No in-text attribution, no quotation marks, no change in text, inline citation only

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Plagiary: Cross-Disciplinary Journal in Plagiarism, Fabrication, and Falsification

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constitute a copyright problem; U.S. law on such lists is illustrated by the case

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There are several tools available to help identify plagiarism on Knowledge (XXG):

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an opinion included in the text) to meet the Knowledge (XXG) content policies of

1746:: for content imported from a source compatible for reuse under CC-By-SA 3.0 but 1730:: for content imported from a source compatible for reuse under CC-By-SA 3.0 but 1625:. Attribution as described in this section is an addition to those requirements. 842:

No in-text attribution, no quotation marks, no change in text, no inline citation

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Do not make the work of others look like your own. Give credit where it is due.

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the article so that the new material cannot be mistaken for your own wording.

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Originality, Imitation, and Plagiarism: Teaching Writing in the Digital Age

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Another option is to utilize a plagiarism detector, such as those found at

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Perspectives on Plagiarism and Intellectual Property in a Postmodern World

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should not be presumed in the absence of strong evidence. Start with the

1158:: Political change increases the likelihood of violence against the state. 2671: 2635:– Website published by John P. Lesko, associate professor of English at 1674: 1492: 804:

publications and public domain publications, see also the section below:

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In-text attribution, quotation marks, no change in text, inline citation

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if the image is not yours. If the source requests a credit line, e.g. "

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from a public domain or compatibly-licensed source, you can either:

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Text from the interfaces of software, unless the software itself is

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For avoidance of plagiarism of text copied from compatibly licensed

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For sections or whole articles, add a section-wide or article-wide

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markup), and then attributing the content to the identified source;

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and/or add your own note in the reference section of the article.

816:, or by quoting or closely paraphrasing the source, usually with 2680:– Interview with Caroline Eisner and Martha Vicinus, editors of 1855: 1563: 1496: 2700: 705:

listed in a References section, without using inline citations.

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prohibits editors from adding their own ideas to articles, and

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Knowledge (XXG):Knowledge (XXG) Signpost/2009-04-13/Dispatches

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Copying from a source acknowledged in a poorly placed citation

policy and added to an article as explained in the guideline

1488: 2678:"Read a Q&A with the editors on Inside Higher Education" 355: 3401: 2511: 1920:. Directions for usage are provided on the template pages. 1784:

Knowledge (XXG):Adding open license text to Knowledge (XXG)

2604:"Plagiarism: What It is and How to Recognize and Avoid It" 2017:

For an example of the last, see the references section in

1854:

Knowledge (XXG)'s content is dual-licensed under both the

2046:– lists pages with suspected plagiarism for manual review 376:, of which two make it easy to plagiarize inadvertently. 128:. For more information on closely paraphrasing text, see 53:

may apply. Substantive edits to this page should reflect

2317:. 2nd Ed., p. 43. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. 2214:, Cinahl Information Systems, 17(3.4), Fall/Winter 1998. 2043: 2021: 1805:, or similar annotation, which is usually placed in a " 1694:, or similar annotation, which is usually placed in a " 1608: 1601: 1426: 1208: 805: 608: 601: 474: 436: 82: 75: 2481:. 2nd Ed. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2013. 2049: 1311:

Knowledge (XXG):Spotting possible copyright violations

719:

Summarizing an unacknowledged source in your own words

2212:"Tweedledum and Tweedledee: Plagiarism and Copyright" 2052:– check any article for plagiarism, but keep in mind 3041:

Do not disrupt Knowledge (XXG) to illustrate a point

1342:

plagiarism concern arises when there is evidence of

3478: 3466: 3409: 3399: 3365: 3307: 3247: 3223: 3213: 3170: 3160: 3100: 3090: 3010: 2926: 2916: 2836: 2772: 2762: 2690:"Jonah Lehrer's Journalistic Misdeeds at Wired.com" 1705:Templates for compatibly licensed sources include: 124:For more information on copy and pasting text, see 1768:. Text here should be screenshot, and uploaded to 2495:. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 2008. 1801:and attributed through the use of an appropriate 2879:Do not include copies of lengthy primary sources 2149:"Guidance provided by Faculties and Departments" 1809:" near the bottom of the page (see the section " 1395:that show both the plagiarism and the warnings. 2653:– Facility for detecting student plagiarism at 2500:"Winning Hearts and Minds in War on Plagiarism" 2161:For example, Smith 2012, p. 1, or Smith, John. 1955: 1810: 1699: 1698:" near the bottom of the page (see the section 1121: 1076: 1025: 966: 921: 876: 831: 743: 708: 663: 630: 415: 126:Knowledge (XXG):Copying text from other sources 41:This page documents an English Knowledge (XXG) 2376:Perfect, Timothy J.; Stark, Louisa J. (2008). 1850:Knowledge (XXG):Copying within Knowledge (XXG) 1449:To repair plagiarism, an incoming editor can: 2712: 2491:Eisner, Caroline, and Vicinus, Martha (eds). 2362:Feist Publications v. Rural Telephone Service 2023:, which uses a large amount of text from the 369:work of others without due acknowledgement." 337: 8: 3467: 1927:, or a general attribution template such as 1247:citing its source may constitute plagiarism. 781:below for more on using copyrighted sources. 3373:Categories, lists, and navigation templates 2380:. In John Dunlosky, Robert A. Bjork (ed.). 2195:Knowledge (XXG):Manual of Style#Attribution 1991:To provide proper attribution when copying 1790: 432: 49:Editors should generally follow it, though 3475: 3406: 3259: 3220: 3167: 3097: 2923: 2769: 2719: 2705: 2697: 2199:avoid characterizing it in a biased manner 701:. It can also happen when editors rely on 479: 344: 330: 137: 2143:"University-wide statement on plagiarism" 1014: 778: 395:, typically in the form of footnote (see 2285:Buranen, Lise; Roy, Alice Myers (1999). 697:are moved around during an edit, losing 2578:define plagiarism and how to avoid it.) 2242: 2240: 2238: 2236: 2234: 2232: 2119: 1825:(in particular the restrictions on the 1284:Knowledge (XXG):Guide to image deletion 555: 515: 487: 482: 289: 263: 222: 191: 147: 140: 2682:Originality, Imitation, and Plagiarism 2659:University of Maryland at College Park 1937:, or similar annotation, placed in a " 1890:template for public-domain sources or 1350:expressions are marked as quotations. 399:). In addition to an inline citation, 2530:"Recognizing and Avoiding Plagiarism" 2147:For subject-specific guidelines, see 1945:directly under a line consisting of " 641:Copying from an unacknowledged source 7: 2515:. Scholarly Publishing Office, 2009. 1823:Knowledge (XXG):No original research 1574:", place one in the author field of 1280:Knowledge (XXG):Files for discussion 1270:Knowledge (XXG):Copyright violations 403:is usually required when quoting or 282:Contributor copyright investigations 256:Guidance for text copyright problems 3532:List of all policies and guidelines 2446:needs the "inline=1" parameter set. 2102:(summary of policies and practices) 2025:Gazetteer of Planetary Nomenclature 3593:Knowledge (XXG) content guidelines 3571:Summaries of values and principles 3412: 3250: 3013: 2839: 2688:Seife, Charles (August 31, 2012). 2094:Knowledge (XXG):Close paraphrasing 1978:Western Allied invasion of Germany 1588:Copying material from free sources 1276:Knowledge (XXG):Copyright problems 806:Copying material from free sources 130:Knowledge (XXG):Close paraphrasing 57:. When in doubt, discuss first on 25: 2600:Indiana University at Bloomington 2436:To be used as an inline citation 2382:Handbook of Metamemory and Memory 2165:. Name of Publisher, 2012, p. 1. 1900:for compatibly licensed sources, 1639:For public-domain sources, using 1325:Knowledge (XXG):Mirrors and forks 3481: 3226: 3173: 3103: 3056:Please do not bite the newcomers 2929: 2775: 2592:, (last reviewed) 9 March 2009. 2378:"Tales from the Crypt...omnesia" 2260:United States Copyright Office. 1673:If the external work is under a 1524:Knowledge (XXG):Image use policy 1514:Source and licensing information 1411: 1123: 1078: 1027: 968: 923: 878: 833: 745: 710: 665: 632: 117: 98: 33: 2674:(cited by Eisner and Vicinus ). 2637:Saginaw Valley State University 2248:Nationalism and Ethnic Conflict 2073:Plagiarism from Knowledge (XXG) 1144:Nationalism and Ethnic Conflict 1099:Nationalism and Ethnic Conflict 1048:Nationalism and Ethnic Conflict 989:Nationalism and Ethnic Conflict 944:Nationalism and Ethnic Conflict 899:Nationalism and Ethnic Conflict 854:Nationalism and Ethnic Conflict 550:Requesting copyright permission 246:Requesting copyright permission 241:Copying text from other sources 166:Reusing Knowledge (XXG) content 2179:Harvard Guide to Using Sources 2175:"What Constitutes Plagiarism?" 2131:Harvard Guide to Using Sources 2127:"What Constitutes Plagiarism?" 1844:Copying within Knowledge (XXG) 1669:Category:Attribution templates 1635:Category:Attribution templates 1373:Help:Citations quick reference 1369:Knowledge (XXG):Citing sources 1354:Addressing the involved editor 826:Harvard Guide to Using Sources 822:"What Constitutes Plagiarism?" 546:Donating copyrighted materials 205:Copying within Knowledge (XXG) 1: 3066:Responding to threats of harm 2808:Biographies of living persons 2684:, conducted on April 3, 2008. 2614:University of New South Wales 2470:Articles, books, and journals 1365:Knowledge (XXG):Verifiability 1332:Category:Plagiarism detectors 1315:There are several methods to 1146:, The MIT Press, 2001, p. 14. 1101:, The MIT Press, 2001, p. 14. 1050:, The MIT Press, 2001, p. 14. 946:, The MIT Press, 2001, p. 14. 901:, The MIT Press, 2001, p. 14. 856:, The MIT Press, 2001, p. 14. 588:Plagiarism on Knowledge (XXG) 506:Manual of style on quotations 236:Donating copyrighted material 3133:Criteria for speedy deletion 3002:Paid-contribution disclosure 2455:To meet the requirements of 2425:File:Redding Album Cover.jpg 1969:, or similar annotation here 1472:How to find media plagiarism 1228:Knowledge (XXG):When to cite 627:Free and copyrighted sources 451:and explain in the footnote. 391:Sources are annotated using 2803:What Knowledge (XXG) is not 2108:– Article on plagiarism in 1865:the guideline for specifics 1663:Compatibly licensed sources 1389:administrators' noticeboard 1305:How to find text plagiarism 580:Subject-specific guidelines 574:"Tweedledum and Tweedledee: 538:Non-free content guidelines 374:three core content policies 3614: 2662:verbatim from that source. 2590:Harvard University Library 2520:Digital academic resources 2384:. CRC Press. pp. 285–314. 2151:, University of Cambridge. 2145:, University of Cambridge. 2100:Knowledge (XXG):Copy-paste 2088:Knowledge (XXG):Quotations 1871:Where to place attribution 1847: 1811:Where to place attribution 1781: 1700:Where to place attribution 1666: 1632: 1591: 1517: 1308: 1273: 1267: 1254:simple logical deductions. 1225: 1198: 1189:non-free content guideline 1176: 591: 467:non-free content guideline 231:Frequently asked questions 161:Copyright violation policy 65: 59:this guideline's talk page 3598:Knowledge (XXG) copyright 3526: 3262: 2738: 2552:parenthetical referencing 2050:Earwig's Copyvio Detector 1403:Repairing text plagiarism 1381:media copyright questions 1179:Knowledge (XXG):Copyright 576:Plagiarism and Copyright" 308:Media copyright questions 142:Knowledge (XXG) copyright 27:Knowledge (XXG) guideline 2311:Lipson, Charles (2013). 1905:Free-content attribution 1361:assumption of good faith 740:Copyrighted sources only 530:Copyright problems board 106:This page in a nutshell: 18:Knowledge (XXG):PLAGFORM 3509:Licensing and copyright 2729:policies and guidelines 2574:style guidelines; such 2347:Lipson reference above. 1791:#What is not plagiarism 1011:non-free content policy 2650:The Plagiarism Checker 2509:Lesko, John P. (ed.). 2019:planetary nomenclature 1974: 1827:use of primary sources 1762:or public domain, are 1391:. Be sure to include 1222:What is not plagiarism 1169: 1118: 1073: 1022: 963: 918: 873: 828:, Harvard University: 770: 731: 690: 657: 566:Copyright and Fair use 459:copyright infringement 454: 360: 318:Declaration of consent 3504:Friendly space policy 3294:Broad-concept article 2798:Neutral point of view 2632:FamousPlagiarists.com 2618:"Avoiding Plagiarism" 2289:. SUNY Press. p. 76. 1819:neutral point of view 1813:" for more details). 1776:Public-domain sources 1629:Attribution templates 1259:Addressing plagiarism 1226:Further information: 1177:Further information: 699:text–source integrity 570:Guide to paraphrasing 494:Core content policies 435:or originates from a 359: 210:Public domain content 3071:Talk page guidelines 3031:Conflict of interest 2972:Ownership of content 2817:Copyright violations 2793:No original research 2727:Knowledge (XXG) key 2414:for Exif in action). 2004:attribution template 1967:attribution template 1925:attribution template 1885:citation-attribution 1878:attribution template 1834:requires attribution 1832:Avoiding plagiarism 1803:attribution template 1692:attribution template 1644:citation-attribution 1264:Copyright violations 1173:Respecting copyright 1156:Knowledge (XXG) text 1111:Knowledge (XXG) text 1060:Knowledge (XXG) text 1001:Knowledge (XXG) text 956:Knowledge (XXG) text 911:Knowledge (XXG) text 866:Knowledge (XXG) text 779:Respecting copyright 725:Verifiability policy 405:closely paraphrasing 378:No original research 372:Knowledge (XXG) has 303:Copyright assistance 277:Files for discussion 2967:No personal attacks 2889:Don't create hoaxes 2427:for XMP in action). 2250:, MIT, 2001, p. 14. 2224:Copyright: Fair Use 2060:User:CorenSearchBot 1982:Battle of Camp Hill 1489:Google Image Search 991:, MIT, 2001, p. 14. 818:in-text attribution 794:Avoiding plagiarism 775:in-text attribution 764:closely paraphrased 684:closely paraphrased 651:closely paraphrased 618:Forms of plagiarism 562:Avoiding plagiarism 510:Essay on quotations 471:Copyright violation 401:in-text attribution 313:File copyright tags 3562:List of guidelines 3383:Template namespace 3061:Courtesy vanishing 3036:Disruptive editing 2982:Dispute resolution 2526:Cornell University 1976:See, for example, 1965:Place appropriate 1951:'''Attribution:''' 1939:References section 1932:source-attribution 1807:References section 1696:References section 1654:source-attribution 1339:close paraphrasing 762:word-for-word, or 703:general references 682:word-for-word, or 649:word-for-word, or 556:Off-wiki resources 361: 272:Copyright problems 251:Close paraphrasing 3580: 3579: 3522: 3521: 3462: 3461: 3425:Project namespace 3395: 3394: 3391: 3390: 3332:Dates and numbers 3299:Understandability 3209: 3208: 3156: 3155: 3148:Revision deletion 3121:Proposed deletion 3086: 3085: 3051:Gaming the system 3026:Assume good faith 2912: 2911: 2692:. Slate Magazine. 2586:"Research Guides" 2498:Jaschick, Scott. 2475:Lipson, Charles. 1943:Reference section 1770:Wikimedia Commons 1688:the Copyright FAQ 1520:commons:Licensing 1508:digital watermark 1443: 1442: 1317:detect plagiarism 786:violation of NPOV 758:Inserting a text— 678:Inserting a text— 645:Inserting a text— 585: 584: 542:Non-US copyrights 449:citation bundling 354: 353: 215:Non-US copyrights 136: 135: 112: 111: 93: 92: 43:content guideline 16:(Redirected from 3605: 3557: 3556: 3547:List of policies 3542: 3541: 3499:List of policies 3486: 3485: 3484: 3476: 3472: 3469: 3417: 3416: 3415: 3407: 3403: 3400:Project content 3260: 3255: 3254: 3253: 3231: 3230: 3229: 3221: 3217: 3178: 3177: 3176: 3168: 3164: 3108: 3107: 3106: 3098: 3094: 3018: 3017: 3016: 2997:Child protection 2992:No legal threats 2962:Ignore all rules 2934: 2933: 2932: 2924: 2920: 2867:Reliable sources 2844: 2843: 2842: 2780: 2779: 2778: 2770: 2766: 2751:Ignore all rules 2733: 2721: 2714: 2707: 2698: 2693: 2610:. 12 Mar. 2009. 2536:. 12 Mar. 2009. 2504:Inside Higher Ed 2460: 2453: 2447: 2445: 2439: 2434: 2428: 2421: 2415: 2408: 2402: 2400: 2398: 2397: 2371: 2365: 2354: 2348: 2344: 2338: 2331: 2325: 2309: 2303: 2302: 2282: 2276: 2275: 2269: 2268: 2257: 2251: 2244: 2227: 2221: 2215: 2208: 2202: 2191: 2185: 2172: 2166: 2159: 2153: 2140: 2134: 2124: 2083: 2031:in the article. 1952: 1936: 1930: 1919: 1913: 1909: 1903: 1899: 1893: 1889: 1883: 1745: 1739: 1729: 1723: 1717: 1711: 1658: 1652: 1648: 1642: 1611: 1604: 1583: 1577: 1561: 1555: 1551: 1545: 1541: 1535: 1486: 1480: 1467:Media plagiarism 1438: 1435: 1415: 1407: 1211: 1185:copyright policy 1130: 1127: 1126: 1085: 1082: 1081: 1034: 1031: 1030: 975: 972: 971: 930: 927: 926: 885: 882: 881: 840: 837: 836: 752: 749: 748: 717: 714: 713: 695:inline citations 672: 669: 668: 639: 636: 635: 611: 604: 522:Copyright policy 480: 433:lacks creativity 393:inline citations 346: 339: 332: 200:Non-free content 156:Copyright policy 138: 121: 120: 114: 102: 101: 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2876: 2875: 2874: 2864: 2862:Citing sources 2859: 2854: 2848: 2846: 2834: 2833: 2831: 2830: 2828:Article titles 2825: 2820: 2810: 2805: 2800: 2795: 2790: 2784: 2782: 2767: 2760: 2759: 2757: 2756: 2755: 2754: 2739: 2736: 2735: 2726: 2724: 2723: 2716: 2709: 2701: 2695: 2694: 2685: 2675: 2667:Plagiarism.org 2663: 2646: 2627: 2626: 2625:External links 2622: 2621: 2611: 2597: 2579: 2537: 2522: 2521: 2517: 2516: 2507: 2496: 2489: 2472: 2471: 2466: 2463: 2462: 2461: 2448: 2429: 2416: 2403: 2390:978-0805862140 2389: 2366: 2349: 2339: 2326: 2304: 2294: 2277: 2252: 2228: 2216: 2203: 2186: 2167: 2154: 2135: 2117: 2114: 2113: 2112: 2103: 2097: 2091: 2085: 2075: 2068: 2065: 2064: 2063: 2057: 2047: 2036: 2033: 2015: 2014: 2007: 2000: 1972: 1971: 1956: 1872: 1869: 1845: 1842: 1777: 1774: 1765:not compatible 1755:commercially. 1752: 1751: 1735: 1719: 1664: 1661: 1630: 1627: 1623:citing sources 1613: 1612: 1609:WP:FREECOPYING 1605: 1597: 1592: 1589: 1586: 1515: 1512: 1493:image metadata 1473: 1470: 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321: 320: 315: 310: 305: 300: 292: 291: 287: 286: 285: 284: 279: 274: 266: 265: 261: 260: 259: 258: 253: 248: 243: 238: 233: 225: 224: 220: 219: 218: 217: 212: 207: 202: 194: 193: 189: 188: 187: 186: 184: 183: 177: 171: 170:License text ( 168: 163: 158: 150: 149: 145: 144: 134: 133: 122: 110: 109: 103: 91: 90: 87: 86: 79: 71: 66: 63: 48: 47: 38: 26: 24: 14: 13: 10: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 3610: 3599: 3596: 3594: 3591: 3590: 3588: 3573: 3572: 3568: 3564: 3563: 3558: 3551: 3549: 3548: 3543: 3536: 3535: 3534: 3533: 3529: 3528: 3525: 3515: 3512: 3510: 3507: 3505: 3502: 3500: 3497: 3495: 3492: 3491: 3489: 3487: 3477: 3474: 3465: 3455: 3452: 3450: 3447: 3443: 3440: 3439: 3438: 3435: 3431: 3428: 3427: 3426: 3423: 3422: 3420: 3418: 3408: 3405: 3398: 3384: 3381: 3379: 3376: 3374: 3371: 3370: 3368: 3364: 3358: 3355: 3353: 3350: 3348: 3345: 3343: 3340: 3338: 3335: 3333: 3330: 3328: 3327:Accessibility 3325: 3321: 3318: 3317: 3316: 3313: 3312: 3310: 3306: 3300: 3297: 3295: 3292: 3290: 3287: 3285: 3282: 3280: 3277: 3273: 3272:Summary style 3270: 3269: 3268: 3265: 3264: 3261: 3258: 3256: 3246: 3240: 3237: 3236: 3234: 3232: 3222: 3219: 3212: 3202: 3199: 3197: 3194: 3192: 3189: 3187: 3184: 3183: 3181: 3179: 3169: 3166: 3159: 3149: 3146: 3144: 3141: 3139: 3136: 3134: 3131: 3127: 3124: 3123: 3122: 3119: 3117: 3114: 3113: 3111: 3109: 3099: 3096: 3089: 3077: 3074: 3073: 3072: 3069: 3067: 3064: 3062: 3059: 3057: 3054: 3052: 3049: 3047: 3044: 3042: 3039: 3037: 3034: 3032: 3029: 3027: 3024: 3023: 3021: 3019: 3009: 3003: 3000: 2998: 2995: 2993: 2990: 2988: 2985: 2983: 2980: 2978: 2975: 2973: 2970: 2968: 2965: 2963: 2960: 2958: 2955: 2953: 2950: 2948: 2945: 2943: 2940: 2939: 2937: 2935: 2925: 2922: 2915: 2905: 2902: 2900: 2897: 2895: 2892: 2890: 2887: 2885: 2882: 2880: 2877: 2873: 2870: 2869: 2868: 2865: 2863: 2860: 2858: 2857:Autobiography 2855: 2853: 2850: 2849: 2847: 2845: 2835: 2829: 2826: 2824: 2821: 2818: 2814: 2811: 2809: 2806: 2804: 2801: 2799: 2796: 2794: 2791: 2789: 2788:Verifiability 2786: 2785: 2783: 2781: 2771: 2768: 2761: 2753: 2752: 2748: 2747: 2746: 2745: 2741: 2740: 2737: 2730: 2722: 2717: 2715: 2710: 2708: 2703: 2702: 2699: 2691: 2686: 2683: 2679: 2676: 2673: 2669: 2668: 2664: 2660: 2656: 2652: 2651: 2647: 2644: 2643: 2638: 2634: 2633: 2629: 2628: 2624: 2623: 2619: 2615: 2612: 2609: 2605: 2601: 2598: 2595: 2591: 2587: 2583: 2580: 2577: 2573: 2569: 2565: 2561: 2557: 2553: 2549: 2545: 2541: 2538: 2535: 2531: 2527: 2524: 2523: 2519: 2518: 2514: 2513: 2508: 2505: 2501: 2497: 2494: 2490: 2487: 2484: 2480: 2479: 2474: 2473: 2469: 2468: 2464: 2458: 2457:WP:PSEUDOHEAD 2452: 2449: 2442: 2433: 2430: 2426: 2420: 2417: 2413: 2407: 2404: 2392: 2387: 2383: 2379: 2370: 2367: 2363: 2359: 2353: 2350: 2343: 2340: 2336: 2330: 2327: 2323: 2320: 2316: 2315: 2308: 2305: 2301: 2297: 2292: 2288: 2281: 2278: 2274: 2263: 2256: 2253: 2249: 2243: 2241: 2239: 2237: 2235: 2233: 2229: 2225: 2220: 2217: 2213: 2207: 2204: 2200: 2196: 2190: 2187: 2184: 2180: 2176: 2171: 2168: 2164: 2158: 2155: 2152: 2150: 2144: 2139: 2136: 2132: 2128: 2123: 2120: 2115: 2111: 2107: 2104: 2101: 2098: 2095: 2092: 2089: 2086: 2081: 2080:Uw-plagiarism 2076: 2074: 2071: 2070: 2066: 2061: 2058: 2055: 2051: 2048: 2045: 2042: 2041: 2040: 2034: 2032: 2028: 2026: 2022: 2020: 2012: 2008: 2005: 2001: 1998: 1997: 1996: 1994: 1989: 1985: 1983: 1979: 1970: 1968: 1963: 1962: 1961: 1960: 1954: 1948: 1944: 1940: 1933: 1926: 1921: 1916: 1906: 1896: 1886: 1879: 1870: 1868: 1866: 1861: 1857: 1851: 1843: 1841: 1839: 1835: 1830: 1828: 1824: 1820: 1814: 1812: 1808: 1804: 1800: 1794: 1792: 1785: 1780: 1775: 1773: 1771: 1767: 1766: 1761: 1756: 1749: 1742: 1736: 1733: 1726: 1720: 1714: 1708: 1707: 1706: 1703: 1701: 1697: 1693: 1689: 1685: 1681: 1676: 1670: 1662: 1660: 1655: 1645: 1636: 1628: 1626: 1624: 1620: 1619:Verifiability 1610: 1606: 1603: 1599: 1598: 1595: 1587: 1585: 1580: 1573: 1569: 1565: 1558: 1548: 1538: 1531: 1525: 1521: 1513: 1511: 1509: 1504: 1502: 1498: 1494: 1490: 1483: 1471: 1466: 1464: 1456: 1452: 1451: 1450: 1447: 1437: 1434:November 2023 1428: 1423: 1420:This section 1418: 1414: 1409: 1408: 1402: 1400: 1396: 1394: 1390: 1384: 1382: 1378: 1374: 1370: 1366: 1362: 1353: 1351: 1349: 1345: 1340: 1335: 1333: 1328: 1326: 1320: 1318: 1312: 1304: 1299: 1297: 1295: 1291: 1290:public domain 1285: 1281: 1277: 1271: 1263: 1258: 1253: 1249: 1245: 1242: 1239: 1238: 1237: 1234: 1229: 1221: 1219: 1210: 1209:WP:NONENGPLAG 1206: 1205: 1202: 1194: 1192: 1190: 1186: 1180: 1172: 1163: 1160: 1157: 1154: 1151: 1148: 1145: 1141: 1138: 1137: 1136: 1135: 1134: 1133: 1112: 1109: 1106: 1103: 1100: 1096: 1093: 1092: 1091: 1090: 1089: 1088: 1067: 1064: 1061: 1058: 1055: 1052: 1049: 1045: 1042: 1041: 1040: 1039: 1038: 1037: 1016: 1012: 1008: 1005: 1002: 999: 996: 993: 990: 986: 983: 982: 981: 980: 979: 978: 957: 954: 951: 948: 945: 941: 938: 937: 936: 935: 934: 933: 912: 909: 906: 903: 900: 896: 893: 892: 891: 890: 889: 888: 867: 864: 861: 858: 855: 851: 848: 847: 846: 845: 844: 843: 829: 827: 823: 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