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Therefore, in sections or articles that present well-known and uncontroversial information – information that is readily available in most common and obvious books on the subject – it is acceptable to give an inline citation for one or two authoritative sources (and possibly a more accessible source, if one is available) in such a way as to indicate that these sources can be checked to verify statements for which no other in-line citation is provided. These inline citations are often inserted either after the first sentence of a paragraph or after the last sentence of the paragraph; a single convention should be chosen for each article.
873:– then editors of this article should, if feasible, explain why the names are attached to the result or experiment. To this end, editors of these articles should consider researching and citing the original papers, even if those papers were not originally used as sources in writing the article. However, articles that only link to an eponymous article might not cite the original papers, depending on context. In this case, a reader looking for a reference may easily click the article link to find it.
1058:. His article entitled "The radial velocity of the Andromeda Nebula" reports making the first Doppler measurement on September 17, 1912. In his report Slipher writes: "The magnitude of this velocity, which is the greatest hitherto observed, raises the question whether the velocity-like displacement might not be due to some other cause, but I believe we have at present no other interpretation for it." Three years later, in the journal
1067:, Slipher wrote a review entitled "Spectrographic Observations of Nebulae". In it he states, "The early discovery that the great Andromeda spiral had the quite exceptional velocity of −300 km(/s) showed the means then available, capable of investigating not only the spectra of the spirals but their velocities as well." Slipher reported the velocities for 15 spiral nebulae spread across the entire
32:
138:, to referencing science and mathematics articles. The goal is to achieve a reasonable balance between ease of verification, readability and editability. This page also describes some sensible guidelines for dealing with issues that are specific to writing Knowledge (XXG) articles (compared to writing for the academic press).
632:
Knowledge (XXG) is neither a textbook nor a journal. Nonetheless, in mathematics and the mathematical sciences, it is frequently helpful to quote theorems, include simple derivations, and provide illustrative examples. For reasons of notation, clarity, consistency, or simplicity it is often necessary
637:
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229:
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As an article matures to include more than a few sentences, inline citations are added to make it clear which material in the article can be verified by which source. If a few general references cover the bulk of an article, consider using the technique described in
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112:. It expresses the consensus recommendations of editors in those projects about specific details of inline citation. Editors in other scientific projects should follow the practice followed by those projects.
695:. The values quoted in the article are more useful for non-experts. Anyone who looks at the WMAP paper, and has a basic knowledge of error analyses, will understand how to go from one to the other.
316:, the process can be considered as an acid or base-catalyzed reaction of one carbonyl compound with another. This may involve one aldehyde or ketone reacting with itself. Alternatively two
763:
When the original reference is not suitable as an introduction to the idea, either because it is outdated or because it contains serious errors, it is helpful to note this in an annotation:
131:, which link specific reliable sources with specific pieces of information in the article, provide practical support for these policies by making it easier to check the article content.
508:, references do not need to be as concise as they are in journals. In particular, it may be helpful to give the title of a journal article, and to give the complete name of the journal (
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These statements are not common knowledge, but the first should be known to anyone with an undergraduate background in physics, the second to anyone knowledgeable about
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7-sphere has 28 different smooth structures (or 15 ignoring orientations), and in higher dimensions there are usually many different smooth structures on a sphere.
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giving a derivation of the statement in the article's lead that one liter of methane clathrate solid at STP contains, on average, 168 liters of methane gas.
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Green, Michael B.; Schwarz, John H. (1984). "Anomaly
Cancellation in Supersymmetric D=10 Gauge Theory and Superstring Theory".
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Goobar, A.; Hannestad, S.; Mörtsell, E.; Tu, H. (2006). "A new bound on the neutrino mass from the SDSS baryon acoustic peak".
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Sunyaev, R. A.; Zel'dovich, Ya. B. (1970). "Small-Scale
Fluctuations of Relic Radiation".
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was a different type of referencing used on
Knowledge (XXG) until September 2020, when a
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Knowledge (XXG):Manual of Style (summary style)#References, citations and external links
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403:, B. M. Trost and I. Fleming (Eds.), Pergamon Press, Oxford, 1991; vol. 2, pp. 133–179.
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entry, if one is available, or directly to the entry at the journal's website. The
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Do not change any article's established citation style without discussing it first.
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Alpher, R. A.; Bethe, H. A.; Gamow, G. (1948). "The Origin of
Chemical Elements".
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Klein, Oskar (1926). "Quantum theory and five dimensional theory of relativity".
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Hu, Wayne; Dodelson, Scott (2002). "Cosmic microwave background anisotropies".
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The London, Edinburgh, and Dublin
Philosophical Magazine and Journal of Science
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1071:, all but three having observable "positive" (that is recessional) velocities.
1031:. This paper calculates the structure of the group of smooth structures on an
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Kervaire, Michel A.; Milnor, John W. (1963). "Groups of Homotopy Spheres: I".
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carbonyl compounds may be used, in which case the reaction is known as a
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Slipher first reports on his measurement in the inaugural volume of the
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article, a citation may instead be provided on the article's talk page.
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to be the same no matter what their state of uniform linear motion is.
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If Knowledge (XXG) has an article about an eponymous topic – such as
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indicate that the sum of the neutrino masses must be less than 0.3
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380:, Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim, Germany, 2004.
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The strongest upper limit on the masses of neutrinos comes from
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Kaluza, Theodor (1921). "On the problem of unity in physics".
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with the postulate that all observers will always measure the
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Sitzungsberichte der Preussischen Akademie der Wissenschaften
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Knowledge (XXG):Manual of Style (Medicine-related articles)
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on February 24, 1987, and independently by Albert Jones in
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This page applies the advice in the policies, and in the
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policies are of paramount importance to Knowledge (XXG).
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may apply. Substantive edits to this page should reflect
546:, so it is helpful to provide the preprint number and a
518:). It is important to provide linkage data such as the
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Knowledge (XXG):WikiProject Chemicals/Style guidelines
848:...the Kaluza–Klein theory of dimensional reduction...
838:...the Green–Schwarz anomaly cancellation mechanism...
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above. This can be done regardless of article length.
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Knowledge (XXG)'s no-original-research policy allows
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and the fraction of the present universe made up of
956:D. N. Spergel; et al. (WMAP collaboration) (2013).
419:Mukaiyama, T., "The directed aldol reaction", in
145:tags) are used in examples throughout this page.
1470:Cosmological Inflation and Large-Scale Structure
958:"Bibliography of WMAP Science Team Publications"
673:. For technical reasons having to do with their
308:The enol or enolate is itself generated from a
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38:This page documents an English Knowledge (XXG)
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823:(terms derived from people's names) such as:
616:templates using the corresponding parameters.
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442:When quoting widely known numbers such as the
883:Knowledge (XXG):Manual of Style (mathematics)
620:may be useful to annotate it as discussed at
526:of sourced statements. Examples include the
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494:Knowledge (XXG):Biographies of living people
1401:Annual Review of Astronomy and Astrophysics
642:law, unless the source has a free license.
530:for articles in many areas of science, the
46:Editors should generally follow it, though
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1135:Michelson, A. A.; Morley, E. W. (1887).
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628:Examples, derivations, and restatements
472:is provided by the linked revision of "
378:Modern Aldol Reactions, Volumes 1 and 2
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1446:Kolb, Edward; Turner, Michael (1988).
1432:10.1146/annurev.astro.40.060401.093926
819:A related issue is the attribution of
277:, the reaction results in a β-hydroxy
1512:Peebles, Phillip James Edwin (1993).
828:...the Michelson–Morley experiment...
768:Beginning with observations in 1912,
452:CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics
297:, the initial aldol adduct undergoes
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1468:Liddle, Andrew; Lyth, David (2000).
909:Knowledge (XXG):No original research
843:...the αβγ neutron capture theory...
749:Kervaire and Milnor showed that the
971:Marsden, B. G. (24 February 1987).
833:...the Sunyaev–Zel'dovich effect...
658:quotes values for Hubble parameter
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914:Knowledge (XXG):Citation templates
54:. When in doubt, discuss first on
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1492:Physical Foundations of Cosmology
534:for articles in medicine and the
399:(1991), "The aldol reaction", in
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895:(very out of date on citations!)
681:collaboration quotes values for
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401:Comprehensive Organic Synthesis
1490:Mukhanov, Viatcheslav (2005).
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446:or numbers published by the
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506:is not a paper encyclopedia
482:§ Uncontroversial knowledge
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285:), also called an "aldol" (
157:parenthetical referencing.
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1496:Cambridge University Press
1474:Cambridge University Press
1291:Nordström, Gunnar (1914).
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859:Sunyaev–Zel'dovich effect
732:and Oscar Duhalde at the
164:Uncontroversial knowledge
147:Parenthetical referencing
1376:Dodelson, Scott (2003).
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734:Las Campanas Observatory
357:Smith, M. B.; March, J.
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179:Galilean relativity
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728:was discovered by
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247:carbon-carbon bond
233:For example, from
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175:Special relativity
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964:
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945:
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676:
675:Fisher matrix
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617:
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366:0-471-58589-0
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332:
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322:crossed aldol
319:
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306:
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300:
296:
292:
289:ehyde + alcoh
288:
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280:
276:
272:
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730:Ian Shelton
707:Attribution
514:instead of
299:dehydration
293:). In the
198:degeneracy.
98:Mathematics
1538:Categories
1370:References
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587:MathSciNet
560:MathSciNet
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192:spin glass
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877:See also
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267:aldehyde
251:reaction
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208:type IIA
206:relates
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