42:
353:
283:. The female selects a log or unhealthy tree and settles down to bore a hole through the bark to reach the wood. The boring instrument is stiff and straight, but has a hinge that allows the female to bore perpendicular to her body axis. The insect does not push the boring tool into the wood, rather, two parts work against each other as described below. The female may make several holes before she finds wood that she considers suitable for her larva. She then lays an egg and repeats the process on other places of the same log or tree.
234:
68:
344:
brain causing little damage. According to the New
Scientist magazine, "Unlike existing rigid surgical probes, the device will be flexible enough to move along the safest possible route, bypassing high-risk area of the brain during surgery, for example". A probe like this would considerably reduce the number of incisions necessary to access areas that are difficult to reach.
261:
1133:
340:
provide continued resistance as the first valve moves forward. Thus by quick oscillation, the valves alternate in providing resistance and moving forward, the process itself leads in the ovipositor drilling almost an inch into the sapwood with minimal force being applied and without the ovipositor buckling or breaking.
339:
The wood wasp ovipositor itself contains two interlocking valves. Each valve is covered with teeth that are backward-facing, with the teeth of one valve catching onto the wood to provide resistance, and the other valve moving forward and taking a slight step. The second valve then catches the wood to
286:
Once the egg hatches, the six-legged, whitish larva uses its jaws to begin excavating a long tunnel in which it will live until it is fully grown, by which time it can be up to 215 mm long. At this time, the larva will spin a silken cocoon and change into a pupa, but before this, the larva takes the
299:
Populations increase rapidly only where brood material is abundant. The life cycle usually requires two years, and adults are usually in flight from late July to early
September. Wood-rotting fungi found in horntail tunnels cause very rapid deterioration of the wood and quickly reduce opportunities
343:
Researchers and scientists inspired by this system have created a prototype neurosurgical probe that works on the same principle. Its needle is made of silicon, with two oscillating valves that are covered with micron-sized teeth that too face backward. This enables it to penetrate deep into the
217:
has been linked to this group as well. Siricidae has two subfamilies, Siricinae and
Tremecinae. Siricinae infest needle-leaved trees and Tremecinae infest broad-leaved trees. There are ten living genera placed in the family, and an additional three genera described from fossils.
329:
The female wood wasp lays eggs inside trees, and its methods of doing so have inspired scientists to come up with new and safer surgical probes that they expect to be more efficient, specifically inspired by the ovipositor of
287:
precautionary measure of advancing the tunnel close to the inner bark, so that the mature, winged insect will not have to travel far through the wood and risk damaging its delicate wings, although there is a record of a
185:
in females is typically longer and also projects posteriorly, but it is not the source of the name. Though they are not wasps, they are sometimes called wood wasps as the appearance of some species resembles one due to
295:
in either the larval or pupal stage; and when the adult insect sought its freedom, it found the way obstructed by the lead. It went right through, apparently finding lead not much more difficult to deal with than bark.
835:
Rose, A.H.; Lindquist, O.H. 1985. Insects of eastern spruces, fir and, hemlock, revised edition. Gov't Can., Can. For. Serv., Ottawa, For. Tech. Rep. 23. 159 p. (cited in Coates et al. 1994, cited orig ed
41:
801:
Archibald, S.B.; Rasnitsyn, A.P. (2015). "New early Eocene
Siricomorpha (Hymenoptera: Symphyta: Pamphiliidae, Siricidae, Cephidae) from the Okanagan Highlands, western North America".
221:
Female horntails lay their eggs in trees. The larvae bore into the wood and live in the tree for up to two years, possibly more. They typically migrate to just under the bark before
727:"Infestation of the woodwasp Tremex apicalis Matsumura (Hymenoptera, Siricidae) on the large-leaf dogwood Swida macrophylla (Wall.) with biological notes on its parasitoid wasps"
698:
Schiff, N. M.; Goulet, H.; Smith, D. R.; Boudreault, C.; Wilson, A. D.; Scheffler, B. E. (2012). "Siricidae (Hymenoptera: Symphyta: Siricoidea) of the western hemisphere".
1040:
Wang, Mei; Rasnitsyn, Alexandr P.; Han, Gang; Ren, Dong (2018). "A new genus and species of basal horntail (Hymenoptera, Siricidae) from the Lower
Cretaceous of China".
1005:
Jouault, Corentin; Pouillon, Jean-Marc; Nel, André (2020). "The first fossil horntail wasp (Hymenoptera: Siricidae) from Lower
Cretaceous Crato Formation in Brazil".
948:
Frasson, Luca; Parittotokkaporn, Tassanai; Davies, Brian L.; Rodriguez y Baena, Ferdinando (2010). "Early developments of a novel smart actuator inspired by nature".
291:-infested tree having been cut into rafters which were used in building a roof and covered with sheet-lead an eighth of an inch thick. One of the rafters contained a
2793:
2832:
2767:
2806:
766:
Wedmann, S.; Pouillon, J. M.; Nel, A. (2014). "New
Palaeogene horntail wasps (Hymenoptera, Siricidae) and a discussion of their fossil record".
181:. The common name "horntail" derives from the stout, spine-like structure at the end of the adult's abdomen which is present in both sexes. The
1164:
190:. A typical adult horntail is brown, blue, or black with yellow or red parts, and may often reach up to 4 cm (1.6 in) long. The
352:
2811:
899:
2819:
923:
2676:
2663:
370:
2746:
198:) can grow up to 5 cm (2.0 in) long (not counting the ovipositor), among the longest of all Hymenoptera.
67:
2837:
2759:
1157:
2901:
55:
357:
50:
2616:
2868:
2681:
1908:
1137:
862:
1953:
432:
2847:
2715:
1863:
1683:
1626:
1150:
725:
Kuramitsu, Kazumu; Kosaki, Atsuya; Ishihara, Teruhito; Yamada, Hideo; Watanabe, Kyohei (2016-10-28).
472:
1918:
1813:
1042:
611:
1981:
1943:
1858:
1703:
622:
2896:
2203:
1963:
1928:
1818:
1111:
1059:
1022:
965:
818:
362:
309:
62:
2873:
2441:
633:
589:
545:
512:
501:
422:
412:
392:
382:
1986:
567:
534:
523:
233:
2855:
2702:
2046:
1878:
1561:
1103:
783:
748:
578:
2798:
556:
490:
2860:
2299:
2231:
2031:
1588:
1339:
1095:
1051:
1014:
957:
810:
775:
738:
707:
600:
187:
2260:
1761:
1664:
1570:
1272:
1256:
877:
201:
This family was formerly believed to be the sole living representative of the superfamily
2654:
2754:
2741:
2456:
2208:
2081:
1996:
1958:
1848:
1838:
1833:
1769:
1708:
1639:
1598:
1578:
1538:
1509:
1304:
332:
276:
264:
243:
238:
191:
2890:
2573:
2537:
2529:
2213:
2036:
2016:
1976:
1948:
1608:
1583:
1546:
1525:
1331:
1115:
1063:
1026:
1018:
252:
822:
2599:
2560:
2461:
2423:
2406:
2172:
2135:
2127:
2021:
2011:
2001:
1913:
1883:
1779:
1751:
1731:
1713:
1551:
1394:
1386:
1344:
1217:
969:
644:
1055:
2707:
2668:
2824:
2780:
2648:
2446:
2428:
2333:
2312:
2286:
2198:
2185:
2117:
2109:
2099:
2091:
1933:
1923:
1903:
1853:
1843:
1803:
1746:
1723:
1698:
1688:
1654:
1603:
1365:
1288:
1174:
247:
214:
175:
167:
119:
1142:
961:
669:
2568:
2552:
2544:
2533:
2525:
2504:
2451:
2328:
2320:
2278:
2252:
2180:
2060:
2026:
1938:
1898:
1888:
1873:
1736:
1618:
1593:
1517:
1481:
1357:
1280:
1099:
779:
314:
202:
182:
129:
2639:
752:
2728:
2521:
2517:
2471:
2436:
2362:
2354:
2341:
2291:
2265:
2223:
2193:
2073:
2068:
2041:
2006:
1991:
1893:
1868:
1823:
1795:
1741:
1693:
1649:
1644:
1631:
1436:
1428:
1407:
1205:
1193:
260:
206:
99:
79:
1107:
787:
1132:
950:
International
Journal of Intelligent Systems Technologies and Applications
863:"A biologically inspired percutaneous system for soft tissue intervention"
2689:
2633:
2466:
2239:
2149:
1968:
1808:
1457:
1415:
1323:
1317:
1296:
1228:
1211:
743:
726:
711:
452:
367:
210:
814:
17:
2396:
1264:
985:"ECatSym – Electronic World Catalog of Symphyta (Insecta, Hymenoptera)"
983:
Taeger, A.; Liston, A.D.; Prous, M.; Groll, E.K.; et al. (2018).
2785:
2694:
2512:
1828:
1199:
1187:
1086:
gen. et sp. nov (Hymenoptera, Siricidae) from
Republic, Washington".
442:
280:
178:
109:
89:
2772:
2610:
275:
Members of three genera of horntail attack dying or recently killed
2733:
987:. Senckenberg Deutsches Entomologisches Institut (SDEI), Müncheberg
1671:
462:
402:
351:
259:
232:
2242:(paper wasps, potter wasps, pollen wasps, yellowjackets, hornets)
304:
222:
2614:
1146:
483:
These extinct genera have been referred to the family as well:
2488:
2383:
2375:
1082:
Archibald, S. B.; Rasnitsyn, A. P. (2022). "The early Eocene
2720:
984:
924:"Surgical tool inspired by ovipositor of parasitic wasps"
849:
Bees, Wasps, Ants and Allied
Insects of the British Isles
900:"Wasp-inspired robotic needle moves closer to surgery"
2623:
2487:
2404:
2395:
2374:
2353:
2311:
2277:
2251:
2222:
2171:
2148:
2126:
2108:
2090:
2059:
1778:
1760:
1722:
1663:
1617:
1569:
1560:
1537:
1508:
1479:
1456:
1427:
1406:
1385:
1356:
1330:
1316:
1255:
1226:
1077:
1075:
1073:
256:. The spiral groove on the ovipositor is visible.
1158:
166:are any of the 150 non-social species of the
8:
700:Canadian Journal of Arthropod Identification
693:
691:
689:
376:These genera belong to the family Siricidae
2611:
2484:
2401:
2168:
1566:
1505:
1476:
1252:
1248:
1165:
1151:
1143:
40:
31:
742:
661:
7:
2848:99c05e0b-411e-4c77-9b59-e9b809a90299
2760:df1e8514-40ca-487f-b247-057cc689a052
844:
842:
517:Wang, Rasnitsyn, Han & Ren, 2018
878:"Wasps play part in surgical probe"
25:
506:Jouault, Pouillon & Nel, 2020
1131:
1019:10.11646/palaeoentomology.3.4.10
66:
2344:(sapygid, or club-horned wasps)
731:Journal of Hymenoptera Research
649:Archibald & Rasnitsyn, 2015
550:Archibald & Rasnitsyn, 2022
539:Archibald, Aase & Nel, 2021
861:Ferdinando Rodriguez y Baena.
205:, a group well represented in
1:
2563:(mason bees, leafcutter bees)
1056:10.1016/j.cretres.2018.06.006
880:. Materials Worlds Magazine
670:"Sawflies & Wood Wasps"
477:Semenov-Tian-Shanskii, 1921
371:Klondike Mountain Formation
2918:
962:10.1504/IJISTA.2010.030220
2594:
1251:
1182:
1100:10.11646/zootaxa.5105.2.8
803:The Canadian Entomologist
780:10.11646/zootaxa.3869.1.3
325:Technological inspiration
150:
145:
63:Scientific classification
61:
48:
39:
34:
1084:Eourocerus anguliterreus
358:Eourocerus anguliterreus
56:Blount County, Tennessee
1347:(web-spinning sawflies)
146:Subfamilies and genera
2474:(thread-waisted wasps)
2302:(sierolomorphid wasps)
2234:(rhopalosomatid wasps)
1439:(parasitic wood wasps)
373:
272:
257:
213:times, but the family
2869:Paleobiology Database
1140:at Wikimedia Commons
355:
263:
236:
51:Eriotremex formosanus
2755:Fauna Europaea (new)
851:, Edward Step (1932)
744:10.3897/jhr.52.10060
712:10.3752/cjai.2012.21
361:holotype fore-wing (
300:for timber salvage.
1283:(cimbicid sawflies)
1043:Cretaceous Research
815:10.4039/tce.2015.55
321:, which kill them.
1368:(cedar wood wasps)
1291:(conifer sawflies)
374:
310:Rhyssa persuasoria
273:
258:
27:Family of sawflies
2884:
2883:
2856:Open Tree of Life
2617:Taxon identifiers
2608:
2607:
2590:
2589:
2586:
2585:
2582:
2581:
2564:
2556:
2548:
2541:
2508:
2498:
2483:
2482:
2475:
2432:
2431:(cockroach wasps)
2417:
2387:
2366:
2345:
2337:
2324:
2303:
2300:Sierolomorphidae
2295:
2269:
2243:
2235:
2232:Rhopalosomatidae
2189:
2144:
2143:
2077:
2055:
2054:
2047:Trichogrammatidae
1972:
1909:Eutrichosomatidae
1879:Epichrysomallidae
1799:
1789:
1677:
1635:
1562:Proctotrupomorpha
1529:
1528:(ichneumon wasps)
1521:
1452:
1451:
1448:
1447:
1440:
1419:
1398:
1377:
1369:
1348:
1308:
1307:(common sawflies)
1300:
1299:(pergid sawflies)
1292:
1284:
1276:
1268:
1136:Media related to
157:
156:
16:(Redirected from
2909:
2877:
2876:
2864:
2863:
2851:
2850:
2841:
2840:
2828:
2827:
2825:NBNSYS0000161007
2815:
2814:
2802:
2801:
2789:
2788:
2776:
2775:
2763:
2762:
2750:
2749:
2737:
2736:
2724:
2723:
2711:
2710:
2698:
2697:
2685:
2684:
2672:
2671:
2659:
2658:
2657:
2644:
2643:
2642:
2612:
2562:
2554:
2547:(plasterer bees)
2546:
2515:
2506:
2497:
2496:
2492:
2485:
2473:
2430:
2416:
2415:
2414:(sphecoid wasps)
2411:
2402:
2385:
2364:
2343:
2335:
2322:
2301:
2293:
2267:
2241:
2233:
2187:
2169:
2075:
2032:Tanaostigmatidae
1970:
1954:Melanosomellidae
1797:
1788:
1787:
1783:
1676:
1675:
1667:
1633:
1589:Neuroscelionidae
1567:
1527:
1519:
1506:
1477:
1438:
1417:
1396:
1375:
1367:
1346:
1340:Megalodontesidae
1306:
1298:
1290:
1282:
1274:
1273:Blasticotomidae
1267:(argid sawflies)
1266:
1253:
1249:
1167:
1160:
1153:
1144:
1135:
1120:
1119:
1079:
1068:
1067:
1037:
1031:
1030:
1007:Palaeoentomology
1002:
996:
995:
993:
992:
980:
974:
973:
945:
939:
938:
936:
935:
920:
914:
913:
911:
910:
896:
890:
889:
887:
885:
873:
867:
866:
858:
852:
846:
837:
833:
827:
826:
798:
792:
791:
763:
757:
756:
746:
722:
716:
715:
695:
684:
683:
681:
680:
666:
650:
639:
628:
617:
606:
595:
584:
573:
562:
551:
540:
529:
518:
507:
496:
478:
468:
458:
448:
438:
428:
418:
408:
398:
388:
71:
70:
44:
32:
21:
2917:
2916:
2912:
2911:
2910:
2908:
2907:
2906:
2902:Sawfly families
2887:
2886:
2885:
2880:
2872:
2867:
2859:
2854:
2846:
2844:
2836:
2831:
2823:
2818:
2810:
2805:
2797:
2792:
2784:
2779:
2771:
2766:
2758:
2753:
2745:
2740:
2732:
2727:
2719:
2714:
2706:
2701:
2693:
2688:
2680:
2675:
2667:
2662:
2653:
2652:
2647:
2638:
2637:
2632:
2619:
2609:
2604:
2578:
2494:
2493:
2491:
2479:
2413:
2412:
2410:
2391:
2370:
2365:(scoliid wasps)
2349:
2307:
2273:
2268:(tiphiid wasps)
2261:Bradynobaenidae
2247:
2218:
2163:
2161:
2159:
2157:
2155:
2153:
2151:
2140:
2122:
2104:
2086:
2051:
1864:Cynipencyrtidae
1786:(chalcid wasps)
1785:
1784:
1782:
1774:
1762:Mymarommatoidea
1756:
1718:
1684:Proctorenyxidae
1669:
1668:
1665:Proctotrupoidea
1659:
1627:Austrocynipidae
1613:
1571:Platygastroidea
1556:
1533:
1499:
1497:
1495:
1493:
1491:
1489:
1487:
1485:
1483:
1471:
1469:
1467:
1465:
1463:
1461:
1459:
1444:
1423:
1418:(stem sawflies)
1402:
1381:
1352:
1326:
1312:
1305:Tenthredinidae
1275:(fern sawflies)
1257:Tenthredinoidea
1242:
1240:
1238:
1236:
1234:
1232:
1230:
1222:
1178:
1171:
1129:
1124:
1123:
1081:
1080:
1071:
1039:
1038:
1034:
1004:
1003:
999:
990:
988:
982:
981:
977:
947:
946:
942:
933:
931:
922:
921:
917:
908:
906:
898:
897:
893:
883:
881:
876:Richards, Guy.
875:
874:
870:
860:
859:
855:
847:
840:
834:
830:
800:
799:
795:
765:
764:
760:
724:
723:
719:
697:
696:
687:
678:
676:
668:
667:
663:
658:
653:
648:
637:
626:
616:Rasnitsyn, 1968
615:
605:Rasnitsyn, 1968
604:
594:Rasnitsyn, 1968
593:
583:Rasnitsyn, 1968
582:
572:Rasnitsyn, 1968
571:
560:
549:
538:
528:Rasnitsyn, 1993
527:
516:
505:
495:Rasnitsyn, 1968
494:
481:
476:
466:
456:
446:
436:
426:
416:
406:
396:
386:
366:
350:
327:
231:
192:pigeon horntail
65:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
2915:
2913:
2905:
2904:
2899:
2889:
2888:
2882:
2881:
2879:
2878:
2865:
2852:
2842:
2829:
2816:
2803:
2790:
2777:
2764:
2751:
2742:Fauna Europaea
2738:
2725:
2712:
2699:
2686:
2673:
2660:
2645:
2629:
2627:
2621:
2620:
2615:
2606:
2605:
2603:
2602:
2595:
2592:
2591:
2588:
2587:
2584:
2583:
2580:
2579:
2577:
2576:
2571:
2566:
2558:
2550:
2542:
2538:stingless bees
2530:carpenter bees
2510:
2501:
2499:
2481:
2480:
2478:
2477:
2469:
2464:
2459:
2457:Pemphredonidae
2454:
2449:
2444:
2439:
2434:
2426:
2420:
2418:
2399:
2393:
2392:
2390:
2389:
2380:
2378:
2372:
2371:
2369:
2368:
2359:
2357:
2351:
2350:
2348:
2347:
2339:
2336:(spider wasps)
2331:
2326:
2317:
2315:
2309:
2308:
2306:
2305:
2297:
2294:(flower wasps)
2289:
2283:
2281:
2275:
2274:
2272:
2271:
2263:
2257:
2255:
2249:
2248:
2246:
2245:
2237:
2228:
2226:
2220:
2219:
2217:
2216:
2211:
2209:Sclerogibbidae
2206:
2201:
2196:
2191:
2188:(cuckoo wasps)
2183:
2177:
2175:
2166:
2146:
2145:
2142:
2141:
2139:
2138:
2132:
2130:
2124:
2123:
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417:Forsius, 1933
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301:
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126:Superfamily:
125:
124:
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118:
115:
114:
111:
108:
105:
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101:
98:
95:
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91:
88:
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69:
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60:
57:
53:
52:
47:
43:
38:
33:
30:
19:
2624:
2600:Unicalcarida
2555:(sweat bees)
2507:(mason bees)
2462:Philanthidae
2429:Ampulicidae
2424:Ammoplanidae
2407:Spheciformes
2405:
2186:Chrysididae
2173:Chrysidoidea
2136:Trigonalidae
2110:Megalyroidea
2092:Stephanoidea
2022:Spalangiidae
2012:Pteromalidae
2002:Perilampidae
1982:Neodiparidae
1971:(fairyflies)
1944:Macromesidae
1914:Herbertiidae
1884:Eucharitidae
1859:Coelocybidae
1780:Chalcidoidea
1752:Monomachidae
1732:Austroniidae
1714:Vanhorniidae
1704:Peradeniidae
1634:(gall wasps)
1552:Megaspilidae
1480:
1397:(wood wasps)
1373:
1366:Anaxyelidae
1289:Diprionidae
1227:
1218:Holometabola
1216:Superorder:
1210:Infraclass:
1175:Hymenopteran
1130:
1091:
1087:
1083:
1047:
1041:
1035:
1010:
1006:
1000:
989:. Retrieved
978:
953:
949:
943:
932:. Retrieved
930:. 2020-09-30
928:The Engineer
927:
918:
907:. Retrieved
903:
894:
882:. Retrieved
871:
856:
848:
831:
806:
802:
796:
774:(1): 33–43.
771:
767:
761:
734:
730:
720:
703:
699:
677:. Retrieved
674:www.wlgf.org
673:
664:
645:Ypresiosirex
643:
632:
623:Proximoxeris
621:
610:
599:
588:
577:
566:
555:
544:
533:
522:
511:
500:
489:
482:
471:
461:
451:
447:Jurine, 1807
441:
437:Norton, 1869
431:
421:
411:
401:
397:Benson, 1943
391:
381:
375:
356:
342:
338:
331:
328:
318:
308:
302:
298:
292:
288:
285:
274:
268:
251:
237:
220:
200:
195:
174:, a type of
171:
168:hymenopteran
163:
159:
158:
151:
139:
49:
29:
2781:iNaturalist
2649:Wikispecies
2553:Halictidae
2545:Colletidae
2534:orchid bees
2526:cuckoo bees
2505:Andrenidae
2447:Crabronidae
2384:Formicidae
2376:Formicoidea
2334:Pompilidae
2321:Mutillidae
2313:Pompiloidea
2287:Chyphotidae
2204:Plumariidae
2199:Embolemidae
2118:Megalyridae
2100:Stephanidae
1964:Moranilidae
1934:Leucospidae
1929:Idioporidae
1924:Heydeniidae
1904:Eurytomidae
1854:Cleonymidae
1844:Chalcididae
1819:Boucekiidae
1804:Aphelinidae
1798:(fig wasps)
1747:Maamingidae
1724:Diaprioidea
1699:Pelecinidae
1689:Roproniidae
1655:Liopteridae
1604:Scelionidae
1520:(braconids)
1518:Braconidae
1376:(horntails)
1281:Cimbicidae
1050:: 195–201.
956:: 409–422.
467:Costa, 1894
427:Smith, 1988
363:counterpart
248:New Zealand
229:Description
215:Anaxyelidae
176:wood-eating
120:Hymenoptera
2891:Categories
2598:See also:
2569:Melittidae
2522:bumblebees
2518:honey bees
2489:Anthophila
2472:Sphecidae
2452:Mellinidae
2442:Bembicidae
2363:Scoliidae
2355:Scolioidea
2342:Sapygidae
2329:Myrmosidae
2292:Thynnidae
2279:Thynnoidea
2266:Tiphiidae
2253:Tiphioidea
2181:Bethylidae
2074:Evaniidae
2061:Evanioidea
2027:Systasidae
1969:Mymaridae
1939:Lyciscidae
1899:Eupelmidae
1889:Eulophidae
1874:Encyrtidae
1796:Agaonidae
1737:Diapriidae
1632:Cynipidae
1619:Cynipoidea
1594:Nixoniidae
1437:Orussidae
1429:Orussoidea
1374:Siricidae
1358:Siricoidea
1204:Subclass:
1194:Arthropoda
991:2019-06-01
934:2021-01-19
909:2021-01-19
679:2024-07-26
656:References
638:Heer, 1867
634:Urocerites
590:Megaulisca
546:Eourocerus
513:Cretosirex
502:Cratosirex
423:Sirotremex
413:Siricosoma
393:Eriotremex
383:Afrotremex
315:parasitoid
277:balsam fir
203:Siricoidea
183:ovipositor
130:Siricoidea
100:Arthropoda
35:Horntails
2897:Siricidae
2669:Siricidae
2655:Siricidae
2625:Siricidae
2437:Astatidae
2240:Vespidae
2224:Vespoidea
2194:Dryinidae
2069:Aulacidae
2042:Torymidae
2007:Pirenidae
1992:Ormyridae
1987:Ooderidae
1894:Eunotidae
1869:Diparidae
1824:Calesidae
1742:Ismaridae
1694:Heloridae
1650:Ibaliidae
1645:Figitidae
1416:Cephidae
1408:Cephoidea
1318:Xyeloidea
1297:Pergidae
1206:Pterygota
1186:Kingdom:
1138:Siricidae
1116:247240762
1064:135177398
1027:225217001
753:1314-2607
737:: 71–79.
627:Nel, 1991
568:Gigasirex
561:Maa, 1949
535:Eoteredon
524:Emanrisca
317:grubs in
207:Paleogene
172:Siricidae
164:wood wasp
152:See text
140:Siricidae
86:Kingdom:
80:Eukaryota
2690:BugGuide
2634:Wikidata
2467:Psenidae
1809:Azotidae
1324:Xyelidae
1265:Argidae
1212:Neoptera
1192:Phylum:
1188:Animalia
1177:families
1108:35391300
823:85743832
788:25283896
579:Liasirex
453:Urocerus
368:Ypresian
246:") from
223:pupation
211:Mesozoic
160:Horntail
136:Family:
96:Phylum:
90:Animalia
76:Domain:
18:Woodwasp
2640:Q967809
2397:Apoidea
1200:Insecta
1198:Class:
1173:Extant
1088:Zootaxa
970:8029559
768:Zootaxa
557:Eoxeris
491:Aulisca
433:Teredon
313:) lays
188:mimicry
170:family
116:Order:
110:Insecta
106:Class:
2874:139686
2861:783313
2845:NZOR:
2812:152847
2799:104816
2734:1SIRIF
2513:Apidae
2495:(bees)
2386:(ants)
1829:Ceidae
1672:s.str.
1114:
1106:
1062:
1025:
968:
884:10 May
821:
786:
751:
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