49:
149:
364:
609:, the story of Barabbas as related in the Gospels lacks credibility from both the Roman and Jewish standpoint. The story, on its face, presents the Roman authority, Pontius Pilate, backed by overwhelming military might, being cowed by a small crowd of unarmed civilians into releasing a prisoner condemned to death for insurrection against the
708:
have led some modern scholars to argue that the counter-intuitive similarity of the two men's names is evidence of its historicity. They doubt a
Christian writer would invent a similar name for a criminal, practically equating Christ with a criminal, if he were fictionalizing the story for a
638:
strongly believes that the story lacks credibility, as it is not in
Pontius Pilate's character to release an insurrectionist for the Jews, as well as commenting that the name Barabbas "son of the father" is interestingly similar to Jesus's role as the son of God.
467:
seems to refer to this passage of
Matthew in claiming that it must be a corruption, as no sinful man ever bore the name "Jesus" and argues for its exclusion from the text. He however does not account for the high priest
493:. It is possible that scribes when copying the passage, driven by a reasoning similar to that of Origen, removed this first name "Jesus" from the text to avoid dishonor to the name of the Jesus whom they considered the
295:, the crowd chooses Barabbas to be released and Jesus of Nazareth to be crucified. Pilate reluctantly yields to the insistence of the crowd. One passage, found in the Gospel of Matthew, has the crowd saying (of Jesus),
305:, a riot), probably "one of the numerous insurrections against the Roman power" who had committed murder. Robert Eisenman states that John 18:40 refers to Barabbas as a λῃστής (
2300:
1960:
Warren, William (2011). "Who
Changed the Text and Why? Probable, Possible, and Unlikely Explanations". In Bart D. Ehrman; Daniel B. Wallace; Robert B. Stewart (eds.).
351:, but this custom (whether at Passover or any other time) is not recorded in any historical document other than the gospels, leading some scholars to question its
2003:
1629:
1791:
451::16–17 give this figure the first name "Jesus", making his full name "Jesus Barabbas" or "Jesus Bar-rhabban", and giving him the same first, given name as
627:
argued that the
Gospels' narratives about Barabbas cannot be considered historical, but that it is probable that a prisoner referred to as Barabbas (
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2356:
2432:
2240:
1140:
1971:
1755:
1713:
1674:
1618:
1594:
1564:
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1188:
275:" and "the multitude" in some sources, are offered the choice to have either Barabbas or Jesus released from Roman custody. According to the
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3037:
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1996:
2346:
1950:
1734:
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4:13, whose name seems to transliterate the same
Aramaic name into Greek, as well as other bearers of the name Jesus mentioned by
3386:
2366:
2336:
2320:
1879:
301:
Matthew refers to
Barabbas only as a "notorious prisoner". Mark and Luke further refer to Barabbas as one involved in a στάσις (
3300:
2361:
2341:
863:, members of a militant Jewish movement that sought to overthrow the Roman occupiers of their land by force (Eisenman 177–84,
3065:
2086:
1901:
2150:
2519:
2501:
2012:
1989:
3197:
1586:
The Death of the
Messiah: From Gethsemane to the Grave : a Commentary on the Passion Narratives in the Four Gospels
761:
213:
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3187:
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901:
631:, "son of the father") was indeed freed around the period Jesus was crucified and this gave birth to the story.
42:
31:
192:
3257:
3172:
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2482:
2442:
1747:
Judas
Iscariot: Damned or Redeemed: A Critical Examination of the Portrayal of Judas in Jesus Films (1902-2014)
2989:
1019:
613:. Further, Dimont argues against the believability of the Barabbas story by noting that the alleged custom of
1041:
1008:
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544:
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469:
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397:
380:
99:
463:. These versions, featuring the first name "Jesus" are considered original by a number of modern scholars.
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3112:
2526:
2175:
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argue in favor of the historicity of the
Passover pardon narrative, quoting evidence of such pardons from
264:
199:
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3122:
2818:
2726:
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2210:
2155:
2119:
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1796:
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1265:
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3102:
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2607:
2392:
2249:
1765:
1063:
1052:
828:
743:
329:
181:
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3177:
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2548:
2190:
2170:
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586:
571:
535:
376:
1103:
355:
and make further claims that such a custom was a mere narrative invention of the Bible's writers.
337:
333:
267:, to commute one prisoner's death sentence by popular acclaim. In one such instance, the "crowd" (
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1805:
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1556:
Jesus of Nazareth: From the Entrance Into Jerusalem to the Resurrection. Holy week. Part two
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456:
347:
The custom of releasing prisoners in Jerusalem at Passover is known to theologians as the
1834:
Merritt, Robert L. (March 1985). "Jesus (the nazarene) Barabbas and the Paschal Pardon".
1075:
788:" (published 1684) contains this verse alluding anonymously to Barabbas as "a murderer"
48:
3075:
3060:
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2984:
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2235:
2230:
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748:
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341:
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128:
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3137:
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2853:
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2422:
1817:
1655:
1314:
885:
770:
717:
116:
724:
and Horace Abram Rigg, have contended that Barabbas and Jesus were the same person.
3242:
3212:
3207:
3192:
3162:
2867:
2427:
2165:
1774:
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53:
1961:
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1867:
1745:
1664:
1608:
1584:
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2902:
2872:
2587:
733:
486:
352:
340:), although this is not present in the earliest manuscripts, and may be a later
296:
148:
1282:
17:
3202:
3152:
2457:
2412:
2104:
1809:
1647:
1298:
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on the Jews, and thereby to justify antisemitism – an interpretation known as
606:
578:
460:
448:
257:
1306:
1238:
1198:
505:
Of the two larger categories in which transmitted versions of this name fall
3267:
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2766:
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2447:
2437:
2417:
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363:
124:
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seems to emphasise Bar-rhabban as composed of two elements in line with a
3232:
3157:
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2912:
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2195:
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490:
321:
310:
132:
38:
1143:. Center for Christian–Jewish Learning at Boston College. Archived from
30:
This article is about the biblical figure Barabbas. For other uses, see
3305:
3262:
3227:
3222:
3089:
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2315:
2200:
2137:
2109:
1981:
1922:
1855:
859:
681:
494:
317:
246:
1521:
3000:
2793:
2696:
2691:
2620:
2205:
2114:
2051:
1218:
1178:
594:
590:
464:
1914:
1847:
1942:
Willy Vandersteen: De Bruegel van het beeldverhaal : biografie
324:
the Roman governor would release a prisoner of the crowd's choice;
3147:
2858:
2848:
2467:
2382:
2350:
2265:
2076:
2020:
857:
Contemporaries combining insurrection and murder in this way were
705:
540:
452:
362:
120:
47:
765:, dismisses this reading, since the Greek word ὄχλος (óchlos) in
589:. Additionally it appears fairly often as a personal name in the
249:
there was a prevailing Passover custom in Jerusalem that allowed
1465:
1463:
651:
272:
1985:
742:
because it has historically been used to lay the blame for the
623:", where a criminal is set free, is only found in the Gospels.
1729:. New Cambridge Bible Commentary. Cambridge University Press.
922:
369:
The Bible and Its Story Taught by One Thousand Picture Lessons
142:
585:
has been found as a personal name in a 1st-century burial at
916:
699:
555:
517:
480:
442:
425:
408:
391:
110:
87:
72:
81:
1339:
1337:
1480:
1478:
1880:"Pope Benedict XVI Points Fingers on Who Killed Jesus"
738:
The story of Barabbas has played a role in historical
375:
There exist several versions of this figure's name in
336:. Later copies of Luke contain a corresponding verse (
1366:
1364:
90:
313:
always employs when talking about Revolutionaries".
84:
78:
69:
3286:
3088:
3015:
2937:
2926:
2606:
2500:
2375:
2329:
2059:
2050:
2019:
876:This version of the name in Greek can be found the
75:
1878:
974:"Barabbas | Facts & Significance | Britannica"
888:– translations of this version name also exist in
1702:Evans, Craig A.; Wright, Nicholas Thomas (2009).
1469:
896:sources, such as the Codex Syrus Sinaiticus, the
297:"Let his blood be upon us and upon our children."
1930:Urrutia, Benjamin (October 2008). "Pilgrimage".
944:
942:
1770:"The Liars' Gospel by Naomi Alderman – review"
396:without a first name. However the variations (
127:to be pardoned and released by Roman governor
1997:
1498:"History of Hymns: 'My Song Is Love Unknown'"
1270:(in French). Paris: V. Lecoffre. p. 520.
8:
1705:Jesus, the Final Days: What Really Happened
1406:
614:
367:Barabbas, according to a representation in
255:
2934:
2056:
2004:
1990:
1982:
1141:"The Death of Jesus: Four Gospel Accounts"
950:"Barabbas : Facts & Significance"
233:Learn how and when to remove this message
1484:
1080:Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges
597:, a Jewish text dating from AD 200–400.
447:) found in different manuscripts of the
1899:Rigg, Horace Abram (1945). "Barabbas".
1454:
1430:
1126:
938:
850:
1442:
1370:
1343:
1223:. Berlin: De Gruyter. pp. 94–97.
1183:. Berlin: De Gruyter. pp. 94–95.
1164:
921:with an emphazied gap between the two
904:. The Codex Koridethi spells the name
704:) in some manuscripts and the name of
320:state that there was a custom that at
169:Please improve this section by adding
1382:
1355:
1283:"Die Passionsgeschichte bei Mattheus"
1251:
1212:
1210:
1208:
1114:
996:
657:Books from the Foundation of the City
27:Figure mentioned in the New Testament
7:
1963:The Reliability of the New Testament
1695:"Pilate Released Barabbas. Really??"
1418:
1578:. Vol. 1. New York: Doubleday.
2042:Life of Jesus in the New Testament
1394:
712:A minority of scholars, including
709:polemical or theological purpose.
560:appears to derive ultimately from
25:
119:, a prisoner who was chosen over
147:
65:
3357:People in the canonical gospels
1877:Reynolds, Matt (2 March 2011).
1708:. Westminster John Knox Press.
1264:Lagrange, Marie-Joseph (1923).
900:, and in the Bible used by the
344:to bring Luke into conformity.
1902:Journal of Biblical Literature
1836:Journal of Biblical Literature
1281:Dahl, N. A. (September 1955).
792:They rise, and needs will have
687:The similarities of the name (
52:Representation of Barabbas by
1:
1939:Van Hooydonck, Peter (1994).
1267:ÉVANGILE SELON SAINT MATTHIEU
801:the Prince of Life they slay.
171:secondary or tertiary sources
2367:People named Simon or Simeon
1869:The Greatest Story Ever Told
917:
769:means "crowd", rather than "
700:
556:
518:
481:
443:
426:
409:
392:
111:
2784:Mary, mother of (John) Mark
3408:
2357:People named Judas or Jude
1630:"Who is called Bar Abbas?"
1628:Davies, Stevan L. (1981).
1583:Brown, Raymond E. (2008).
1574:Brown, Raymond E. (1994).
1331:, Chapter 27, paragraph 17
909:
731:
692:
562:Jewish Palestinian Aramaic
548:
524:Jewish Palestinian Aramaic
510:
473:
435:
418:
401:
384:
103:
36:
29:
3108:Alexander the Coppersmith
2560:Disciple whom Jesus loved
2408:Female disciples of Jesus
1810:10.1017/S0028688500019378
1750:. Bloomsbury Publishing.
1744:Hebron, Carol A. (2016).
1648:10.1017/S0028688500006202
1589:. Yale University Press.
1522:"My Song Is Love Unknown"
1299:10.1017/s0028688500017185
902:Armenian Apostolic Church
32:Barabbas (disambiguation)
2483:Women at the crucifixion
1723:Evans, Craig A. (2012).
1686:Jesus Before the Gospels
1666:Appointment in Jerusalem
1610:The Master and Margarita
1576:The Death of the Messiah
115:) was, according to the
37:Not to be confused with
3387:Prisoners and detainees
2722:James, brother of Jesus
2642:Ananias son of Nedebeus
2276:Simon, brother of Jesus
1790:Maccoby, H. Z. (1969).
1663:Dimont, Max I. (1999).
1502:United Methodist Church
1407:Evans & Wright 2009
954:Encyclopedia Britannica
813:from thence might free.
795:my dear Lord made away;
786:My Song Is Love Unknown
667:Antiquities of the Jews
579:patronymic Aramaic name
461:patronymic Aramaic name
379:, most commonly simply
309:, "bandit"), "the word
2527:James, son of Alphaeus
2226:Mary, sister of Martha
1829:. New York: Taplinger.
1825:Maccoby, Hyam (1973).
1470:Pope Benedict XVI 2011
615:
575:'Son of ʾAbbā/ father'
372:
256:
245:According to all four
158:relies excessively on
57:
3278:Tryphena and Tryphosa
2539:James, son of Zebedee
2221:Mary, mother of James
2211:Mary, mother of Jesus
1885:ChristianityToday.com
1797:New Testament Studies
1684:Ehrman, Bart (2016).
1635:New Testament Studies
1329:Commentary on Matthew
1287:New Testament Studies
1220:On the Trial of Jesus
1217:Paul, Winter (1961).
1180:On the Trial of Jesus
1177:Paul, Winter (1961).
880:, some minuscules of
798:a murderer they save,
522:, seems to represent
366:
291:, and the account in
51:
3103:Alexander of Ephesus
2301:Syrophoenician woman
2250:Nicodemus ben Gurion
2013:New Testament people
1827:Revolution in Judaea
1792:"Jesus and Barabbas"
1768:(6 September 2012).
1139:Cunningham, Paul A.
884:manuscripts, and in
829:Historicity of Jesus
744:crucifixion of Jesus
670:, Papyrus Florence,
619:, "the privilege of
616:privilegium Paschale
3178:Euodia and Syntyche
2347:People named Joseph
2241:Son of Nain's widow
2171:Joseph of Arimathea
2072:Anna the Prophetess
1932:The Peaceable Table
1445:, pp. 260–262.
1421:, pp. 417–456.
1385:, pp. 815–820.
1358:, pp. 799–800.
1117:, pp. 793–795.
759:, in his 2011 book
642:On the other hand,
269:ὄχλος : óchlos
3392:Biblical murderers
2777:cousin of Barnabas
2337:People named James
2291:Simon the Pharisee
1966:. Fortress Press.
1613:. Grove Atlantic.
1559:. Ignatius Press.
978:www.britannica.com
918:Iēsoûs Bar-rhabbân
824:Biblical criticism
807:to suffering goes,
444:Iēsoûs Bar-rhabbâs
410:Iēsoûs Bar-rhabbân
377:gospel manuscripts
373:
58:
3372:Gospel of Matthew
3339:
3338:
3084:
3083:
2496:
2495:
2473:Seventy disciples
2362:People named Mary
2342:People named John
2143:Impenitent thief
1973:978-0-8006-9773-0
1757:978-0-567-66831-8
1715:978-0-664-23359-4
1676:978-1-58586-546-8
1620:978-0-8021-9051-2
1605:Bulgakov, Mikhail
1596:978-0-300-14009-5
1566:978-1-58617-500-9
1551:Pope Benedict XVI
1433:, pp. 55–60.
1230:978-3-11-082540-4
1190:978-3-11-082540-4
1129:, pp. 57–68.
999:, pp. 452ff.
915:
834:Textual criticism
784:'s English hymn "
762:Jesus of Nazareth
698:
672:Pliny the Younger
574:
567:
554:
538:
529:
516:
479:
441:
424:
407:
390:
247:canonical gospels
243:
242:
235:
217:
109:
16:(Redirected from
3399:
3331:Whore of Babylon
2935:
2742:Judas of Galilee
2732:Joseph Barsabbas
2707:Ethiopian eunuch
2637:
2629:
2593:Simon the Zealot
2388:Jesus's brothers
2161:John the Baptist
2151:Jairus' daughter
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1031:John 18:38–19:16
1028:
1022:
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1000:
994:
988:
987:
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970:
964:
963:
961:
960:
946:
926:
920:
914:romanized:
913:
911:
910:Ἰησοῦς Bαῤῥαββᾶν
898:Harklean version
874:
868:
855:
810:that He His foes
714:Benjamin Urrutia
703:
697:romanized:
696:
694:
625:Raymond E. Brown
618:
587:Giv'at ha-Mivtar
570:
565:
559:
553:romanized:
552:
550:
543:/Master', while
534:
527:
521:
515:romanized:
514:
512:
484:
478:romanized:
477:
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446:
440:romanized:
439:
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436:Ἰησοῦς Bαῤῥαββᾶς
429:
423:romanized:
422:
420:
412:
406:romanized:
405:
403:
402:Ἰησοῦς Bαῤῥαββᾶν
395:
389:romanized:
388:
386:
277:Synoptic Gospels
261:
238:
231:
227:
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175:
151:
143:
139:Biblical account
123:by the crowd in
114:
108:romanized:
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2960:Herod the Great
2928:
2922:
2737:Judas Barsabbas
2635:
2627:
2602:
2573:Judas Thaddaeus
2492:
2371:
2325:
2286:Simon the Leper
2281:Simon of Cyrene
2261:Samaritan woman
2144:
2126:
2125:Penitent thief
2093:
2046:
2032:In Christianity
2015:
2010:
1980:
1974:
1959:
1953:
1938:
1929:
1915:10.2307/3262275
1898:
1889:
1887:
1876:
1872:. World's Work.
1864:Oursler, Fulton
1862:
1848:10.2307/3260593
1833:
1824:
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1778:
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1701:
1692:
1683:
1677:
1662:
1627:
1621:
1603:
1597:
1582:
1573:
1567:
1549:
1545:
1540:
1539:
1530:
1528:
1520:
1519:
1515:
1506:
1504:
1496:
1495:
1491:
1483:
1476:
1468:
1461:
1453:
1449:
1441:
1437:
1429:
1425:
1417:
1413:
1405:
1401:
1393:
1389:
1381:
1377:
1369:
1362:
1354:
1350:
1342:
1335:
1326:
1322:
1280:
1279:
1275:
1263:
1262:
1258:
1250:
1246:
1231:
1216:
1215:
1206:
1191:
1176:
1175:
1171:
1163:
1159:
1150:
1148:
1138:
1137:
1133:
1125:
1121:
1113:
1109:
1098:
1094:
1084:
1082:
1074:
1073:
1069:
1062:
1058:
1051:
1047:
1040:
1036:
1029:
1025:
1018:
1014:
1007:
1003:
995:
991:
982:
980:
972:
971:
967:
958:
956:
948:
947:
940:
935:
930:
929:
878:Codex Koridethi
875:
871:
856:
852:
847:
842:
820:
804:Yet cheerful He
782:Samuel Crossman
779:
736:
730:
701:Iēsoûs Barabbâs
693:Ἰησοῦς Bαραββᾶς
603:
593:section of the
564:: בּר אַבָּא ,
503:
457:Codex Koridethi
427:Iēsoûs Barabbâs
419:Ἰησοῦς Bαραββᾶς
361:
263:or governor of
239:
228:
222:
219:
176:
174:
168:
164:primary sources
152:
141:
68:
64:
46:
35:
28:
23:
22:
18:Yeshua bar Abba
15:
12:
11:
5:
3405:
3403:
3395:
3394:
3389:
3384:
3382:Gospel of John
3379:
3377:Gospel of Luke
3374:
3369:
3367:Gospel of Mark
3364:
3362:Pontius Pilate
3359:
3354:
3344:
3343:
3337:
3336:
3334:
3333:
3328:
3323:
3318:
3313:
3308:
3303:
3298:
3292:
3290:
3284:
3283:
3281:
3280:
3275:
3270:
3265:
3260:
3255:
3250:
3245:
3240:
3235:
3230:
3225:
3220:
3215:
3210:
3205:
3200:
3195:
3190:
3185:
3180:
3175:
3170:
3165:
3160:
3155:
3150:
3145:
3140:
3135:
3130:
3125:
3120:
3115:
3110:
3105:
3100:
3094:
3092:
3086:
3085:
3082:
3081:
3079:
3078:
3073:
3068:
3063:
3058:
3053:
3046:
3041:
3034:
3027:
3019:
3017:
3013:
3012:
3010:
3009:
3004:
2997:
2992:
2987:
2982:
2975:
2970:
2963:
2956:
2949:
2941:
2939:
2932:
2930:Herod's family
2924:
2923:
2921:
2920:
2915:
2910:
2905:
2900:
2895:
2890:
2885:
2880:
2875:
2870:
2865:
2856:
2851:
2846:
2841:
2836:
2831:
2826:
2821:
2816:
2811:
2806:
2801:
2796:
2791:
2786:
2781:
2780:
2779:
2774:
2764:
2759:
2754:
2749:
2744:
2739:
2734:
2729:
2724:
2719:
2714:
2709:
2704:
2699:
2694:
2689:
2684:
2679:
2674:
2669:
2664:
2659:
2654:
2649:
2644:
2639:
2631:
2623:
2618:
2612:
2610:
2604:
2603:
2601:
2600:
2595:
2590:
2585:
2580:
2575:
2570:
2568:Judas Iscariot
2565:
2564:
2563:
2556:
2551:
2541:
2536:
2535:
2534:
2524:
2523:
2522:
2512:
2506:
2504:
2498:
2497:
2494:
2493:
2491:
2490:
2485:
2480:
2475:
2470:
2465:
2460:
2455:
2450:
2445:
2440:
2435:
2430:
2425:
2420:
2415:
2410:
2405:
2400:
2395:
2390:
2385:
2379:
2377:
2373:
2372:
2370:
2369:
2364:
2359:
2354:
2344:
2339:
2333:
2331:
2327:
2326:
2324:
2323:
2318:
2313:
2308:
2303:
2298:
2293:
2288:
2283:
2278:
2273:
2268:
2263:
2258:
2253:
2243:
2238:
2236:Naked fugitive
2233:
2231:Mary of Clopas
2228:
2223:
2218:
2216:Mary Magdalene
2213:
2208:
2203:
2198:
2193:
2188:
2183:
2178:
2173:
2168:
2163:
2158:
2153:
2148:
2140:
2135:
2130:
2122:
2117:
2112:
2107:
2102:
2097:
2089:
2084:
2079:
2074:
2069:
2063:
2061:
2054:
2048:
2047:
2045:
2044:
2039:
2034:
2028:
2026:
2017:
2016:
2011:
2009:
2008:
2001:
1994:
1986:
1979:
1978:
1972:
1957:
1951:
1936:
1927:
1909:(4): 417–456.
1896:
1874:
1860:
1831:
1822:
1787:
1762:
1756:
1741:
1735:
1720:
1714:
1699:
1693:Ehrman, Bart.
1690:
1681:
1675:
1660:
1642:(2): 260–262.
1625:
1619:
1601:
1595:
1580:
1571:
1565:
1546:
1544:
1541:
1538:
1537:
1513:
1489:
1474:
1459:
1447:
1435:
1423:
1411:
1399:
1387:
1375:
1360:
1348:
1346:, p. 118.
1333:
1320:
1273:
1256:
1254:, p. 453.
1244:
1229:
1204:
1189:
1169:
1157:
1131:
1119:
1107:
1092:
1067:
1056:
1045:
1034:
1023:
1012:
1001:
989:
965:
937:
936:
934:
931:
928:
927:
906:Biblical Greek
869:
849:
848:
846:
843:
841:
838:
837:
836:
831:
826:
819:
816:
815:
814:
811:
808:
805:
802:
799:
796:
793:
778:
775:
749:Jewish deicide
729:
726:
689:Biblical Greek
644:Craig A. Evans
636:Bart D. Ehrman
602:
599:
545:Biblical Greek
526:: בּר רַבָּן,
507:Biblical Greek
502:
499:
470:Biblical Greek
432:Biblical Greek
415:Biblical Greek
398:Biblical Greek
381:Biblical Greek
360:
357:
349:Paschal Pardon
251:Pontius Pilate
241:
240:
155:
153:
146:
140:
137:
129:Pontius Pilate
100:Biblical Greek
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3404:
3393:
3390:
3388:
3385:
3383:
3380:
3378:
3375:
3373:
3370:
3368:
3365:
3363:
3360:
3358:
3355:
3353:
3350:
3349:
3347:
3332:
3329:
3327:
3324:
3322:
3319:
3317:
3314:
3312:
3311:Two witnesses
3309:
3307:
3304:
3302:
3301:Four Horsemen
3299:
3297:
3294:
3293:
3291:
3289:
3285:
3279:
3276:
3274:
3271:
3269:
3266:
3264:
3261:
3259:
3256:
3254:
3251:
3249:
3246:
3244:
3241:
3239:
3236:
3234:
3231:
3229:
3226:
3224:
3221:
3219:
3216:
3214:
3211:
3209:
3206:
3204:
3201:
3199:
3196:
3194:
3191:
3189:
3186:
3184:
3181:
3179:
3176:
3174:
3171:
3169:
3166:
3164:
3161:
3159:
3156:
3154:
3151:
3149:
3146:
3144:
3141:
3139:
3136:
3134:
3131:
3129:
3126:
3124:
3121:
3119:
3116:
3114:
3111:
3109:
3106:
3104:
3101:
3099:
3096:
3095:
3093:
3091:
3087:
3077:
3074:
3072:
3069:
3067:
3064:
3062:
3059:
3057:
3054:
3052:
3051:
3047:
3045:
3042:
3040:
3039:
3035:
3033:
3032:
3028:
3026:
3025:
3021:
3020:
3018:
3014:
3008:
3005:
3003:
3002:
2998:
2996:
2993:
2991:
2990:Pilate's wife
2988:
2986:
2983:
2981:
2980:
2976:
2974:
2971:
2969:
2968:
2964:
2962:
2961:
2957:
2955:
2954:
2950:
2948:
2947:
2943:
2942:
2940:
2936:
2933:
2931:
2925:
2919:
2916:
2914:
2911:
2909:
2906:
2904:
2901:
2899:
2896:
2894:
2891:
2889:
2886:
2884:
2881:
2879:
2876:
2874:
2871:
2869:
2866:
2864:
2860:
2857:
2855:
2854:Seven Deacons
2852:
2850:
2847:
2845:
2842:
2840:
2837:
2835:
2832:
2830:
2827:
2825:
2822:
2820:
2817:
2815:
2812:
2810:
2807:
2805:
2802:
2800:
2797:
2795:
2792:
2790:
2787:
2785:
2782:
2778:
2775:
2773:
2770:
2769:
2768:
2765:
2763:
2760:
2758:
2755:
2753:
2750:
2748:
2745:
2743:
2740:
2738:
2735:
2733:
2730:
2728:
2725:
2723:
2720:
2718:
2715:
2713:
2710:
2708:
2705:
2703:
2700:
2698:
2695:
2693:
2690:
2688:
2685:
2683:
2680:
2678:
2675:
2673:
2670:
2668:
2665:
2663:
2660:
2658:
2655:
2653:
2650:
2648:
2645:
2643:
2640:
2638:
2632:
2630:
2624:
2622:
2619:
2617:
2614:
2613:
2611:
2609:
2605:
2599:
2596:
2594:
2591:
2589:
2586:
2584:
2581:
2579:
2576:
2574:
2571:
2569:
2566:
2561:
2557:
2555:
2552:
2550:
2547:
2546:
2545:
2542:
2540:
2537:
2533:
2530:
2529:
2528:
2525:
2521:
2518:
2517:
2516:
2513:
2511:
2508:
2507:
2505:
2503:
2499:
2489:
2486:
2484:
2481:
2479:
2476:
2474:
2471:
2469:
2466:
2464:
2461:
2459:
2456:
2454:
2451:
2449:
2446:
2444:
2441:
2439:
2436:
2434:
2431:
2429:
2426:
2424:
2421:
2419:
2416:
2414:
2411:
2409:
2406:
2404:
2401:
2399:
2396:
2394:
2391:
2389:
2386:
2384:
2381:
2380:
2378:
2374:
2368:
2365:
2363:
2360:
2358:
2355:
2352:
2348:
2345:
2343:
2340:
2338:
2335:
2334:
2332:
2328:
2322:
2319:
2317:
2314:
2312:
2309:
2307:
2304:
2302:
2299:
2297:
2294:
2292:
2289:
2287:
2284:
2282:
2279:
2277:
2274:
2272:
2269:
2267:
2264:
2262:
2259:
2257:
2254:
2251:
2247:
2244:
2242:
2239:
2237:
2234:
2232:
2229:
2227:
2224:
2222:
2219:
2217:
2214:
2212:
2209:
2207:
2204:
2202:
2199:
2197:
2194:
2192:
2189:
2187:
2184:
2182:
2179:
2177:
2174:
2172:
2169:
2167:
2164:
2162:
2159:
2157:
2154:
2152:
2149:
2147:
2141:
2139:
2136:
2134:
2131:
2129:
2123:
2121:
2118:
2116:
2113:
2111:
2108:
2106:
2103:
2101:
2098:
2096:
2090:
2088:
2085:
2083:
2080:
2078:
2075:
2073:
2070:
2068:
2065:
2064:
2062:
2058:
2055:
2053:
2049:
2043:
2040:
2038:
2035:
2033:
2030:
2029:
2027:
2025:
2022:
2018:
2014:
2007:
2002:
2000:
1995:
1993:
1988:
1987:
1984:
1975:
1969:
1965:
1964:
1958:
1954:
1952:9789002195464
1948:
1945:. Standaard.
1944:
1943:
1937:
1933:
1928:
1924:
1920:
1916:
1912:
1908:
1904:
1903:
1897:
1886:
1881:
1875:
1871:
1870:
1865:
1861:
1857:
1853:
1849:
1845:
1841:
1837:
1832:
1828:
1823:
1819:
1815:
1811:
1807:
1803:
1799:
1798:
1793:
1788:
1777:
1776:
1771:
1767:
1763:
1759:
1753:
1749:
1748:
1742:
1738:
1736:9780521812146
1732:
1728:
1727:
1721:
1717:
1711:
1707:
1706:
1700:
1696:
1691:
1687:
1682:
1678:
1672:
1669:. Open Road.
1668:
1667:
1661:
1657:
1653:
1649:
1645:
1641:
1637:
1636:
1631:
1626:
1622:
1616:
1612:
1611:
1606:
1602:
1598:
1592:
1588:
1587:
1581:
1577:
1572:
1568:
1562:
1558:
1557:
1552:
1548:
1547:
1542:
1527:
1523:
1517:
1514:
1503:
1499:
1493:
1490:
1486:
1485:Reynolds 2011
1481:
1479:
1475:
1471:
1466:
1464:
1460:
1456:
1451:
1448:
1444:
1439:
1436:
1432:
1427:
1424:
1420:
1415:
1412:
1409:, p. 21.
1408:
1403:
1400:
1396:
1391:
1388:
1384:
1379:
1376:
1372:
1367:
1365:
1361:
1357:
1352:
1349:
1345:
1340:
1338:
1334:
1330:
1324:
1321:
1316:
1312:
1308:
1304:
1300:
1296:
1292:
1288:
1284:
1277:
1274:
1269:
1268:
1260:
1257:
1253:
1248:
1245:
1240:
1236:
1232:
1226:
1222:
1221:
1213:
1211:
1209:
1205:
1200:
1196:
1192:
1186:
1182:
1181:
1173:
1170:
1166:
1161:
1158:
1147:on 2012-11-05
1146:
1142:
1135:
1132:
1128:
1123:
1120:
1116:
1111:
1108:
1105:
1101:
1096:
1093:
1081:
1077:
1071:
1068:
1065:
1064:Matthew 27:16
1060:
1057:
1054:
1053:Matthew 27:25
1049:
1046:
1043:
1038:
1035:
1032:
1027:
1024:
1021:
1020:Luke 23:13–25
1016:
1013:
1010:
1005:
1002:
998:
993:
990:
979:
975:
969:
966:
955:
951:
945:
943:
939:
932:
924:
919:
907:
903:
899:
895:
891:
887:
886:Minuscule 700
883:
879:
873:
870:
866:
862:
861:
854:
851:
844:
839:
835:
832:
830:
827:
825:
822:
821:
817:
812:
809:
806:
803:
800:
797:
794:
791:
790:
789:
787:
783:
777:In literature
776:
774:
772:
771:Jewish people
768:
764:
763:
758:
753:
751:
750:
745:
741:
735:
727:
725:
723:
719:
718:Stevan Davies
715:
710:
707:
702:
690:
685:
683:
679:
678:
673:
669:
668:
663:
659:
658:
653:
649:
645:
640:
637:
632:
630:
626:
622:
617:
612:
608:
605:According to
600:
598:
596:
592:
588:
584:
580:
576:
573:
563:
558:
546:
542:
537:
532:
525:
520:
508:
500:
498:
496:
492:
488:
483:
471:
466:
462:
458:
454:
450:
445:
433:
428:
416:
411:
399:
394:
382:
378:
370:
365:
358:
356:
354:
350:
345:
343:
339:
335:
331:
330:Matthew 27:15
327:
323:
319:
314:
312:
308:
304:
299:
298:
294:
290:
286:
282:
278:
274:
270:
266:
262:
260:
259:
252:
248:
237:
234:
226:
215:
212:
208:
205:
201:
198:
194:
191:
187:
184: –
183:
179:
178:Find sources:
172:
166:
165:
161:
156:This section
154:
150:
145:
144:
138:
136:
134:
130:
126:
122:
118:
117:New Testament
113:
101:
95:
62:
55:
50:
44:
40:
33:
19:
3326:Three Angels
3193:Jesus Justus
3163:Epaphroditus
3048:
3036:
3029:
3022:
2999:
2977:
2965:
2958:
2951:
2944:
2868:Simeon Niger
2428:Myrrhbearers
2081:
1962:
1941:
1931:
1906:
1900:
1888:. Retrieved
1884:
1868:
1842:(1): 57–68.
1839:
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1804:(1): 55–60.
1801:
1795:
1779:. Retrieved
1775:The Guardian
1773:
1766:Holland, Tom
1746:
1725:
1704:
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1685:
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1633:
1609:
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1555:
1529:. Retrieved
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1505:. Retrieved
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1455:Maccoby 1973
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1431:Maccoby 1969
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1134:
1127:Merritt 1985
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1083:. Retrieved
1079:
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1042:Mark 15:6–15
1037:
1026:
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1009:Mark 15:6–15
1004:
992:
981:. Retrieved
977:
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953:
872:
864:
858:
853:
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767:Mark 15:6–15
760:
757:Benedict XVI
754:
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737:
728:Antisemitism
722:Hyam Maccoby
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686:
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3238:Onesiphorus
2873:Simon Magus
2767:(John) Mark
2657:Aristarchus
2588:Simon Peter
2515:Bartholomew
2413:God-fearers
2403:Evangelists
2094:(Bethsaida)
2060:Individuals
1526:Hymnary.org
1443:Davies 1981
1371:Dimont 1999
1344:Warren 2011
1165:Ehrman 2016
1085:11 December
734:Blood curse
634:Similarly,
601:Historicity
581:. However,
519:Bar-rhabbân
487:2 Maccabees
371:, from 1910
353:historicity
56:(1836–1902)
3346:Categories
3288:Revelation
3153:Diotrephes
3113:Andronicus
3031:Agrippa II
2927:Romans and
2772:Evangelist
2628:(Damascus)
2549:Evangelist
2458:Samaritans
2448:Proselytes
2306:Theophilus
2145:("Gestas")
2127:("Dismas")
2105:Celidonius
2092:Blind man
2087:Bartimaeus
2037:Historical
1531:2019-04-04
1507:2019-04-04
1383:Brown 2008
1356:Brown 1994
1252:Evans 2012
1151:2012-03-25
1115:Brown 1994
1104:Luke 23:19
997:Evans 2012
983:2022-06-24
959:2019-11-11
840:References
732:See also:
607:Max Dimont
569:Bar ʾAbbā
566:romanized:
531:Bar Rabbān
528:romanized:
449:Matthew 27
338:Luke 23:17
334:John 18:39
258:praefectus
223:April 2023
193:newspapers
182:"Barabbas"
160:references
3268:Sosipater
3188:Hymenaeus
3123:Aretas IV
3118:Archippus
3044:Cornelius
2995:Quirinius
2953:Archelaus
2908:Trophimus
2883:Sosthenes
2829:Prochorus
2824:Priscilla
2687:Dionysius
2682:Demetrius
2672:Cornelius
2520:Nathanael
2478:Shepherds
2463:Sanhedrin
2453:Sadducees
2438:Pharisees
2418:Herodians
2398:Disciples
2321:Zechariah
2311:Zacchaeus
2246:Nicodemus
2133:Elizabeth
1818:170255986
1656:170332233
1419:Rigg 1945
1315:170230969
1307:0028-6885
1293:(1): 23.
1239:979784188
1199:979784188
1100:Mark 15:7
1076:"Mark 15"
933:Citations
865:et passim
511:Bαῤῥαββᾶν
501:Etymology
326:Mark 15:6
125:Jerusalem
3352:Barabbas
3306:Apollyon
3253:Philetus
3248:Philemon
3233:Onesimus
3183:Herodion
3158:Epaphras
3143:Crescens
3098:Achaicus
3090:Epistles
3050:Drusilla
3038:Berenice
3007:Tiberius
2973:Longinus
2967:Herodias
2913:Tychicus
2863:Silvanus
2861: /
2844:Sapphira
2809:Parmenas
2804:Nicholas
2789:Matthias
2717:Gamaliel
2712:Eutychus
2702:Egyptian
2662:Barnabas
2636:(Judaea)
2634:Ananias
2626:Ananias
2502:Apostles
2443:Prophets
2433:Nameless
2330:Multiple
2196:Lysanias
2100:Caiaphas
2082:Barabbas
2067:Alphaeus
1866:(1957).
1607:(2016).
1553:(2011).
1327:Origen,
894:Armenian
882:Family 1
818:See also
680:and the
677:Epistles
662:Josephus
629:bar abba
621:Passover
557:Barabbâs
549:Bαραββᾶς
491:Josephus
393:Barabbās
385:Bαραββᾶς
322:Passover
311:Josephus
271:), "the
133:Passover
112:Barabbās
104:Bαραββᾶς
61:Barabbas
43:Barrabas
39:Barnabas
3296:Antipas
3273:Tertius
3263:Quartus
3228:Olympas
3223:Nymphas
3218:Michael
3168:Erastus
3138:Claudia
3128:Artemas
3076:Paullus
3024:Agrippa
2946:Antipas
2938:Gospels
2898:Timothy
2893:Theudas
2888:Stephen
2878:Sopater
2834:Publius
2799:Nicanor
2677:Damaris
2667:Blastus
2647:Apollos
2578:Matthew
2488:Zealots
2468:Scribes
2316:Zebedee
2296:Susanna
2248: (
2201:Malchus
2181:Lazarus
2138:Gabriel
2110:Cleopas
2052:Gospels
1923:3262275
1856:3260593
1726:Matthew
1543:Sources
860:sicarii
682:Mishnah
495:Messiah
318:gospels
307:lēistēs
281:Matthew
207:scholar
135:feast.
131:at the
3258:Phoebe
3243:Pudens
3173:Eunice
3133:Carpus
3071:Lysias
3066:Gallio
3061:Festus
3001:Salome
2985:Pilate
2979:Philip
2819:Philip
2794:Mnason
2762:Manaen
2747:Lucius
2697:Elymas
2692:Dorcas
2652:Aquila
2621:Agabus
2616:Aeneas
2598:Thomas
2583:Philip
2554:Patmos
2510:Andrew
2393:Demons
2383:Angels
2376:Groups
2271:Simeon
2256:Salome
2206:Martha
2186:Legion
2166:Joseph
2156:Joanna
2115:Clopas
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1949:
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287:, and
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2903:Titus
2859:Silas
2849:Sceva
2839:Rhoda
2757:Lydia
2727:Jason
2351:Joses
2266:Satan
2120:Devil
2077:Annas
2021:Jesus
1919:JSTOR
1852:JSTOR
1814:S2CID
1652:S2CID
1311:S2CID
845:Notes
755:Pope
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583:ʾAbbā
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485:from
482:Iásōn
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