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638:, natural farming of Masanobu Fukuoka was called "Rishi Kheti" by practitioners like Partap Aggarwal. The Rishi Kheti use cow products like buttermilk, milk, curd and its waste urine for preparing growth promoters. The Rishi Kheti is considered to be non-violent farming without any usage of chemical fertilizer and pesticides. They obtain high quality natural or organic produce having medicinal values. Today still a small number of farmers in Madhya Pradesh, Punjab, Maharashtra and Andhra Pradesh, Tamil Nadu use this farming method in India.
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challenged conventions that are core to modern agro-industries; instead of promoting importation of nutrients and chemicals, he suggested an approach that takes advantage of the local environment. Although natural farming is sometimes considered a subset of organic farming, it differs greatly from conventional
532:, an Austrian permaculture farmer, advocates the creation of terraces on slopes to control soil erosion. Fukuoka avoided the creation of terraces in his farm, even though terraces were common in China and Japan in his time. Instead, he prevented soil erosion by simply growing trees and shrubs on slopes.
360:
is the instigator of Akame
Natural Farm School, and a related network of volunteer-based "no-tuition" natural farming schools in Japan that numbers 40 locations and more than 900 concurrent students. Although Kawaguchi's practice is based on Fukuoka's principles, his methods differ notably from those
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The system works along with the natural biodiversity of each farmed area, encouraging the complexity of living organisms—both plant and animal—that shape each particular ecosystem to thrive along with food plants. Fukuoka saw farming both as a means of producing food and as an aesthetic or spiritual
599:
finds that for over one hundred centuries, Native
American tribes worked the land in strikingly similar ways to today's natural farmers. Author and researcher M. Kat Anderson writes that "According to contemporary Native Americans, it is only through interaction and relationships with native plants
103:
inherent in these modern types of farming. One of the main prompts of natural farming, is to ask why we should apply modern technology to the process of growing food, if nature is capable of achieving similar yields without the negative side-effects of these technologies. Such ideas radically
308:
Periodically ground layer plants including weeds may be cut and left on the surface, returning their nutrients to the soil, while suppressing weed growth. This also facilitates the sowing of seeds in the same area because the dense ground layer hides the seeds from animals such as birds.
98:
Fukuoka's natural farming practice rejected the use of modern technology, and after twenty-five years, his farm demonstrated consistently comparable yields to that of the most technologically advanced farms in Japan, doing so without the pollution, soil loss, energy consumption, and
95:
approach to life, the ultimate goal of which was, "the cultivation and perfection of human beings". He suggested that farmers could benefit from closely observing local conditions. Natural farming is a closed system, one that demands no human-supplied inputs and mimics nature.
453:
Natural farming recognizes soils as a fundamental natural asset. Ancient soils possess physical and chemical attributes that render them capable of generating and supporting life abundance. It can be argued that tilling actually degrades the delicate balance of a climax soil:
499:
Tilling uproots all the plants in the area, turning their roots into food for bacteria and fungi. This damages their ability to aerate the soil. Living roots drill millions of tiny holes in the soil and thus provide oxygen. They also create room for beneficial
578:
advocated the practice of "fertility farming", a system featuring the use of a cover crop, no tillage, no chemical fertilizers, no pesticides, no weeding and no composting. Although Turner was a commercial farmer and did not practice random seeding of
332:
the seed among the standing crop. Later, this method was reduced to a single direct seeding of clover, barley and rice over the standing heads of rice. The result is a denser crop of smaller, but highly productive and stronger plants.
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and hence disrupts the established flow of nutrients. A study suggests that reduced tillage preserves the crop residues on the top of the soil, allowing organic matter to be formed more easily and hence increasing the
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mass increases at the expense of other organic matter, adversely affecting most plants, including trees and vegetables. For plants to thrive a certain quantity of organic matter (around 5%) must be present in the
387:
Since 2016, Kawaguchi is no longer directly instructing at the Akame school which he founded. He is still actively teaching however, holding open farm days at his own natural farm in Nara prefecture.
1553:(India), "Slowly, bit by bit, we found ourselves close to what is called ‘natural farming’, pioneered in Japan by Masanobu Fukuoka. At Rasulia we called it 'rishi kheti' (agriculture of the sages)."
193:
384:, through which his interviews were translated into several languages. He is the author of several books in Japan, though none have been officially translated into English.
464:, its ability to send moisture upwards, even during dry spells. The effect is due to pressure differences between soil areas. Furthermore, tilling most certainly destroys
652:
Zero Budget
Farming is a variation on natural farming developed in, and primarily practiced in southern India. It is also called spiritual farming. The method involves
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528:. This idea differs significantly from some recent permaculture practice that focuses on permaculture design, which may involve the change in landscape. For example,
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Fukuoka's practice and philosophy emphasised small scale operation and challenged the need for mechanised farming techniques for high productivity, efficiency and
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563:, the natural farming mindset itself has a long history throughout the world, spanning from historical Native American practices to modern day urban farms.
664:. These preparations, generated on-site, are central to the practice, and said to promote microbe and earthworm activity in the soil. Indian agriculturist
1262:"The role of a learning site for urban residents hoping to do farming: Focusing on the spread of 'natural farming' by the Akame Natural Farming School"
63:. The title refers not to lack of effort, but to the avoidance of manufactured inputs and equipment. Natural farming is related to fertility farming,
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583:, his "fertility farming" principles share similarities with Fukuoka's system of natural farming. Turner also advocated a "natural method" of
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and nitrogen when compared to conventional tillage. The increases in organic carbon and nitrogen increase aerobic, facultative anaerobic and
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340:. While his family's farm was larger than the Japanese average, he used one field of grain crops as a small-scale example of his system.
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Although the term "natural farming" came into common use in the
English language during the 1980s with the translation of the book
213:, his philosophy and the governing principles of his farming systems have been applied widely around the world, from Africa to the
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1536:"DNA Daily News and Analysis". "Published: Sunday, Aug 22, 2010, 2:59 IST". "Place: Mumbai", India. (Retrieved 1 December 2010)
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Principally, natural farming minimises human labour and adopts, as closely as practical, nature's production of foods such as
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Kawaguchi's recognition outside of Japan has become wider after his appearance as the central character in the documentary
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626:. Agriculture researcher Hu-lian Xu claims that "nature farming" is the correct literal translation of the Japanese term.
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45:, shizen nōhō), also referred to as "the Fukuoka Method", "the natural way of farming", or "do-nothing farming", is an
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2004:
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1979:
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ANDERSON, M. KAT (2005-01-01). "Native
American Knowledge and the Management of California's Natural Resources".
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well on the surface if site conditions meet the needs of the seeds placed there. Fukuoka used the presence of
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Though many of his plant varieties and practices relate specifically to Japan and even to local conditions in
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Rather than offering a structured method, Fukuoka distilled the natural farming mindset into five principles:
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618:, conceived of a "no fertilizer" farming system in the 1930s that predated Fukuoka. Okada used the same
1492:(Monograph). T. C. 37/661(2), Fort Post Office, Trivandrum - 695023, Kerala, India: Research Signpost.
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123:, while providing ample amounts of food, and there is a growing body of scientific work in fields like
1320:"'Body and Earth Are Not Two': Kawaguchi Yoshikazu's NATURAL FARMING and American Agriculture Writers"
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1984:
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Sustainable
Agricultural Education: An Experiential Approach to Shifting Consciousness and Practices
1999:
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as
Fukuoka's "natural farming" however, they are translated into English slightly differently, as
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A young man helps harvest rice by hand at a natural farm, in this production still from the film "
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Sowing seeds in the desert : natural farming, global restoration, and ultimate food security
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42:
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Tending the Wild: Native
American Knowledge and the Management of California's Natural Resources
1057:"Science | Agroecology Knowledge Hub | Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations"
491:. As a result, the chemistry of the soil changes. Biological decomposition accelerates and the
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Floyd, J.; Zubevich, K. (2010). "Linking foresight and sustainability: An integral approach".
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1372:"Social Practice Artwork: A Restaurant and Garden Serving up Connections to Urban Nature"
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Widely regarded as the leading practitioner of the second-generation of natural farmers,
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documentary exploring the natural farming philosophy in Korea, Japan, and USA (2015)
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Participating in Nature: Thomas J. Elpel's Field Guide to
Primitive Living Skills
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Trees on
Organic Farms, Mirret, Erin Paige. North Carolina State University, 2001
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108:, which Fukuoka considered to be another modern technique that disturbs nature.
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1157:"Masanobu Fukuoka and Natural Farming | Final Straw – Food | Earth | Happiness"
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30:
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1546:"Natural farming succeeds in Indian village By Partap C Aggarwal" in the 1980s
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956:. Larry Korn. White River Junction, Vt.: Chelsea Green Pub. pp. xix.
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512:). Some types of roots contribute directly to soil fertility by funding a
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In principle, practitioners of natural farming maintain that it is not a
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The Natural Way of Farming: The Theory and Practice of Green Philosophy
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The Centrality of Agriculture: Between Humankind and the Rest of Nature
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Tilling may destroy crucial physical characteristics of a soil such as
425: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
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822:"Life and Death in the Field | Final Straw – Food | Earth | Happiness"
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For summer rice and winter barley grain crops, ground cover enhances
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Adjust the foods you grow based on your local climate and conditions
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1564:"Introductory Agriculture: Student Handbook NSQF Level 1 Class IX"
1343:
Sylvia, D.M.; Fuhrmann, J.J.; Hartel, P.G.; Zuberer, D.A. (1999).
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328:. Each grain crop is sown before the previous one is harvested by
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29:
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Helena Norberg-Hodge; Peter Goering; John Page (1 January 2001).
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of Fukuoka. He re-states the core values of natural farming as:
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1260:(Japan)), Hokazono, S.(Mie Univ., Tsu; K., Ohara (2007-01-01).
394:
1607:
198:
1534:"Masanobu Fukuoka: The man who did nothing By Malvika Tegta"
1301:
1222:
The One-Straw Revolution: An Introduction to Natural Farming
1129:
Priya Reddy; Prescott College Environmental studies (2010).
809:
The One-Straw Revolution: An Introduction to Natural Farming
551:
and are considered beneficial by natural farmers that apply
483:
Tilling over-pumps oxygen to local soil residents, such as
34:
Masanobu Fukuoka, originator of the natural farming method
1586:. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations
668:
has researched and written extensively on this method.
57:
and philosopher, introduced the term in his 1975 book
1481:
1479:
1183:
From the Ground Up: Rethinking Industrial Agriculture
660:, and the use of several preparations which include
266:
Fukuoka specifies that the ground remain covered by
988:People and Environment: Development for the Future
566:Some variants, and their particularities include:
516:with certain kinds of bacteria (most famously the
293:is present along with grain, vegetable crops and
1346:Principles and Applications of Soil Microbiology
352:Yoshikazu Kawaguchi at Akame Natural Farm School
1427:(1 ed.). University of California Press.
1211:
798:
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1349:. New Jersey: Prentice Hall. pp. 39–41.
524:Fukuoka advocated avoiding any change in the
8:
1396:"Artwork / Urban Empathy Garden | SocieCity"
1286:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
1083:Agroecology : reweaving a new landscape
111:Fukuoka claimed that his approach prevents
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2279:
1618:
1114:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
441:Learn how and when to remove this message
1302:"Final Straw – Food - Earth - Happiness"
1621:
985:Stephen Morse; Michael Stockin (1995).
786:
1581:"Zero Budget Natural Farming in India"
1512:
1279:
1107:
914:Colin Adrien MacKinley Duncan (1996).
875:"Agriculture: A Fundamental Principle"
368:Weeds and insects are not your enemies
1418:
1416:
1012:Elpel, Thomas J. (November 1, 2002).
600:that mutual respect is established."
131:, that lend support to these claims.
7:
1614:The Natural Farming Center of Greece
423:adding citations to reliable sources
297:. Chickens run free in orchards and
147:, or a way of seeing ourselves as a
1608:Final Straw: Food, Earth, Happiness
381:Final Straw: Food, Earth, Happiness
371:There is no need to add fertilizers
199:Final Straw: Food, Earth, Happiness
87:, but should be distinguished from
285:, and sometimes deliberately sown
25:
1266:Journal of Rural Problems (Japan)
53:(1913–2008). Fukuoka, a Japanese
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1629:
692:
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614:Japanese farmer and philosopher
597:traditional ecological knowledge
595:Recent research in the field of
399:
2325:Agriculture and the environment
2248:Agriculture and the environment
1714:British Agricultural Revolution
1037:What Does Natural Farming Mean?
920:. McGill-Queen's Press - MQUP.
410:needs additional citations for
1694:Agriculture in the Middle Ages
991:. Taylor & Francis Group.
604:Nature Farming (Mokichi Okada)
536:Other forms of natural farming
1:
1370:Lydon, Patrick (2015-09-16).
860:10.1016/j.futures.2009.08.001
135:Masanobu Fukuoka's principles
1699:Arab Agricultural Revolution
27:Sustainable farming approach
1462:. Faber and Faber Limited.
648:Zero Budget Natural Farming
236:in biodiverse agricultural
2356:
2315:Environmental conservation
1659:Agriculture in Mesoamerica
950:Fukuoka, Masanobu (2012).
645:
607:
134:
2186:Universities and colleges
2146:Universities and colleges
1233:Masanobu Fukuoka (1987).
1212:
882:Journal of Bahá'í Studies
799:
257:key performance indicator
101:environmental degradation
2171:Agriculturist profession
1990:Agricultural engineering
1975:Agricultural cooperative
1519:: CS1 maint: location (
724:Conservation agriculture
520:) that can fix nitrogen.
514:mutualistic relationship
129:regenerative agriculture
60:The One-Straw Revolution
49:approach established by
2340:Organic farming in Asia
2141:Sustainable food system
2136:Sustainable agriculture
2027:Animal-free agriculture
1995:Agricultural technology
1489:NATURE FARMING In Japan
320:from the previous crop
69:sustainable agriculture
2269:Agriculture portal
2228:History of agriculture
2213:Agriculture by country
2208:Agricultural machinery
2176:Agricultural machinery
2094:Mechanised agriculture
1664:Austronesian expansion
1456:Newman Turner (1951).
1239:. Japan Publications.
1080:Hilmi, Angela (2018).
760:Korean natural farming
686:Systems science portal
556:
365:Do not plow the fields
353:
305:populate rice fields.
202:
89:biodynamic agriculture
35:
2330:Permaculture concepts
2218:Agriculture companies
2181:Government ministries
1980:Agricultural supplies
1817:Convertible husbandry
1486:Xu, Hui-Lian (2001).
1220:1978 re-presentation
873:Hanley, Paul (1990).
807:1978 re-presentation
543:
351:
217:northern hemisphere.
196:
33:
2032:Cellular agriculture
1985:Agricultural science
1654:Neolithic Revolution
1376:The Nature of Cities
1135:. Prescott College.
561:One Straw Revolution
471:total organic carbon
419:improve this article
1913:Steam sterilization
1443:10.1525/j.ctt1ppfn4
888:(1). Archived from
750:Holzer Permaculture
642:Zero Budget Farming
358:Yoshikazu Kawaguchi
344:Yoshikazu Kawaguchi
255:in his fields as a
18:Zero Budget Farming
1822:Rotational grazing
1704:Columbian exchange
1306:www.finalstraw.org
1161:www.finalstraw.org
1046:by Toyoda, Natsuko
1042:2011-07-20 at the
826:www.finalstraw.org
620:Chinese characters
557:
553:biological control
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338:economies of scale
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47:ecological farming
36:
2303:
2302:
2151:Urban agriculture
2124:Rice-duck farming
2072:Intensive farming
2042:Extensive farming
1459:Fertility Farming
1246:978-0-87040-613-3
1193:978-1-85649-994-1
1142:978-1-124-38302-6
1093:978-3-319-68489-5
998:978-1-85728-283-2
963:978-1-60358-418-0
927:978-0-7735-6571-5
895:on March 27, 2013
570:Fertility farming
526:natural landscape
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314:nitrogen fixation
287:herbaceous plants
117:biodiversity loss
16:(Redirected from
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2335:Agroforestry
2109:Permaculture
2067:Horticulture
2012:Agroforestry
1970:Agribusiness
1927:Hydroculture
1903:Smallholding
1891:
1855:
1684:Ancient Rome
1588:. Retrieved
1575:
1558:
1549:
1541:
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1503:. Retrieved
1488:
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1404:. Retrieved
1402:. 2015-06-23
1399:
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1379:. Retrieved
1375:
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1338:
1327:. Retrieved
1324:ResearchGate
1323:
1314:
1305:
1296:
1282:cite journal
1265:
1255:
1235:
1228:
1221:
1218:(in English)
1213:自然農法-わら一本の革命
1202:
1182:
1175:
1164:. Retrieved
1160:
1151:
1131:
1124:
1082:
1075:
1064:. Retrieved
1060:
1051:
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1007:
987:
980:
952:
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897:. Retrieved
890:the original
885:
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868:
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847:
841:
830:. Retrieved
825:
816:
808:
805:(in English)
800:自然農法-わら一本の革命
789:
755:Hydroculture
744:Green manure
651:
633:
613:
594:
573:
565:
560:
558:
523:
480:populations.
459:
452:
437:
428:
417:Please help
412:verification
409:
386:
379:
377:
355:
335:
330:broadcasting
311:
307:
291:Ground cover
272:white clover
265:
219:
204:
153:
144:
140:
138:
121:soil erosion
110:
97:
93:
85:permaculture
77:agroforestry
58:
38:
37:
2119:Polyculture
1945:Hydroponics
1935:Aquaculture
1876:Paddy field
1861:Monoculture
1755:Agrivoltaic
1729:Monoculture
1650:Prehistory
1623:Agriculture
1061:www.fao.org
775:Seed saving
734:Ethnobotany
714:Agroecology
709:Agrarianism
630:Rishi Kheti
530:Sepp Holzer
207:subtropical
125:agroecology
73:agroecology
2309:Categories
2199:Categories
2114:Plantation
2062:Free range
2057:Feed ratio
1950:Aeroponics
1940:Aquaponics
1807:Free-range
1802:Fertilizer
1590:25 January
1406:2017-04-11
1381:2017-04-11
1356:0130941174
1329:2017-04-16
1166:2017-04-11
1102:1012884027
1066:2021-11-27
1023:1892784122
832:2017-04-16
782:References
719:Biomimicry
581:seed balls
493:microbiota
280:herbaceous
240:. Without
238:ecosystems
176:herbicides
172:pesticides
166:fertilizer
2233:Livestock
2052:Farmhouse
1834:Intensive
1797:Extensive
1515:cite book
1274:0388-8525
1110:cite book
972:759171802
899:April 28,
854:: 59–68.
574:In 1951,
545:Ladybirds
518:rhizobium
475:anaerobic
249:germinate
215:temperate
141:technique
2017:Agronomy
1881:Ranching
1086:. Cham.
1040:Archived
746:(plants)
672:See also
662:cow dung
654:mulching
547:consume
506:annelids
485:bacteria
478:bacteria
295:orchards
209:western
2077:animals
2000:Digital
1963:Related
1908:Terrace
1892:Colonia
1871:Organic
1866:Orchard
1856:Natural
1839:animals
1812:Grazing
1792:Dryland
1775:poultry
1747:On land
1724:Organic
1641:History
1505:6 March
848:Futures
502:insects
391:No-till
326:topsoil
322:mulches
283:legumes
276:alfalfa
253:spiders
242:plowing
211:Shikoku
188:pruning
182:weeding
160:tillage
1765:cattle
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995:
970:
960:
924:
549:aphids
234:citrus
230:daikon
226:barley
143:but a
55:farmer
2164:Lists
2087:crops
1849:crops
1829:Hobby
1787:Dairy
1780:sheep
1584:(PDF)
1567:(PDF)
1439:JSTOR
1206:1975
893:(PDF)
878:(PDF)
793:1975
636:India
510:worms
496:soil.
489:fungi
318:Straw
299:ducks
268:weeds
246:seeds
2082:pigs
2047:Farm
1844:pigs
1770:pigs
1592:2018
1521:link
1507:2011
1494:ISBN
1464:ISBN
1429:ISBN
1351:ISBN
1288:link
1270:ISSN
1241:ISBN
1188:ISBN
1137:ISBN
1116:link
1098:OCLC
1088:ISBN
1018:ISBN
993:ISBN
968:OCLC
958:ISBN
922:ISBN
901:2014
504:and
487:and
324:the
303:carp
301:and
222:rice
145:view
127:and
119:and
83:and
43:自然農法
856:doi
634:In
421:by
259:of
232:or
186:No
180:No
174:or
170:No
164:No
158:No
2311::
1517:}}
1513:{{
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1290:)
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1196:.
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1145:.
1118:)
1104:.
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1026:.
1001:.
974:.
930:.
903:.
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858::
835:.
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444:)
438:(
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429:(
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201:"
41:(
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