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686:. This paper concluded that "more academic research is needed in Zcash overall" and that the privacy guarantees of Zcash are "questionable". The paper claimed that, since the current heuristics from a 2018 Usenix Security Symposium paper entitled "An Empirical Analysis of Anonymity in Zcash" still continue today, the result is making Zcash less anonymous and more traceable.
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will change within the company other than the ownership including the Board of
Directors. On October 27, 2020, ECC announced that its shareholders have officially voted in favor of donating 100 percent of the company's shares to Bootstrap. On March 30, 2021, the company's transparency report said that it is "now a wholly owned entity of the 501(c)3 Bootstrap".
712:
called the
Bootstrap Project (Bootstrap) in a company blog post titled "ECC’s owners to donate ECC". A majority of the investors and owners of Zerocoin Electric Coin Company LLC (ECC) have agreed to donate the ECC company as the wholly owned property of Bootstrap. ECC's blog post claims that nothing
720:
where they could potentially manipulate transactions and harm the network. To shield users from the potential fallout, Coinbase swiftly enacted a series of defensive measures, including placing Zcash markets into "limit-only" mode, effectively quelling significant price swings while the situation
650:
Zcash was first mined in late
October 2016. The initial demand was high, and within a week Zcash coins were trading for five thousand dollars a piece. Ten percent of all coins mined for the first four years were to be allotted to the Zcash Company, its employees, the investors, and the non-profit
671:
Zcash coins could be generated. The
Ceremony was a two-day process, executed simultaneously during a short window of time in six different locations globally, by persons who did not know in advance who else was going to be participating in the event. The private key was generated, and used to
693:
added support for Zcash to their
Chainalysis Reactor and "Know Your Transaction" (KYT) products. They noted that less than 1% of ZEC transactions were completely shielded, with the sender, receiver and amount all hidden, enabling Chainalysis to provide partial information for over 99% of ZEC
611:
programs did not support z-addrs and no web-based wallets supported them. The shielded pool of Zcash coins were further analyzed for security and it was found that the anonymity set can be shrunk considerably by heuristics-based identifiable patterns of usage.
607:, called "zk-SNARK", which provides anonymity to the coin holders in the transaction. Zcash coins are either in a transparent pool or a shielded pool. As of December 2017 only around 4% of Zcash coins were in the shielded pool and at that time most
666:
enormous number needed to be generated to be used as the private key, while also ensuring that no person or computer retains a copy of the key, or could subsequently regenerate the key. If the private key were available,
598:
Zcash transactions can be transparent, similar to bitcoin transactions, in which case they are controlled by a "t-addr", or they can be shielded and are controlled by a "z-addr". A shielded transaction uses a type of
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Zcash offers private transactors the option of "selective disclosure", allowing a user to prove payment for auditing purposes. One such reason is to make it easier for private transactors to comply with
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3.125 ZEC (80% to miners; 20% is portioned out to a Major Grants Fund (8%), Electric Coin Co (7%), and the Zcash
Foundation (5%)), from Canopy upgrade until first halving
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In
September 2023, a mining pool named ViaBTC had seized control of over half the hashing power on Zcash. This 51% dominance raised worries about an attack a
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Please help improve this article by looking for better, more reliable sources. Unreliable citations may be challenged and removed.
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professor
Matthew Green and some of his graduate students. The development was completed by the for-profit Zcash Company, led by
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The setup of Zcash required the careful execution of a trusted setup procedure — something that subsequently became known as "
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Transactions can be transparent, similar to bitcoin transactions, or they can be shielded transactions which use a type of
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On May 19, 2020, a paper titled "Alt-Coin
Traceability" investigated the privacy of Zcash and another cryptocurrency
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which is based on
Bitcoin's codebase. It shares many similarities, such as a fixed total supply of 21 million units.
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Silfversten, Erik; Favaro, Marina; Slapakova, Linda; Ishikawa, Sascha; Liu, James; Salas, Adrian (6 May 2020).
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1169:"Edward Snowden says he was the mystery man involved in the creation of leading privacy cryptocurrency Zcash"
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to provide anonymity in transactions. Zcash coins are either in a transparent pool or a shielded pool.
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On February 21, 2019, the "Zcash Company" announced a re-branding as the Electric Coin Company (ECC).
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instantiate Zcash, and the computers used in the process were reportedly destroyed. In 2022,
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which revealed that less than 0.2% of the cryptocurrency addresses mentioned on the
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1294:"Exploring the use of Zcash cryptocurrency for illicit or criminal purposes"
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Kappos, George; Yousaf, Haaroon; Maller, Mary; Meiklejohn, Sarah (2018).
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This article is about the cryptocurrency Zcash. Not to be confused with
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1143:"Zcash: Meet Zooko Wilcox, the Man Building a Better Bitcoin | Fortune"
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Quesnelle, Jeffrey (2017). "On the linkability of Zcash transactions".
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1263:"Introducing Investigation and Compliance Support for Dash and Zcash"
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892:"Zcash, a Harder-to-Trace Virtual Currency, Generates Price Frenzy"
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643:. In October 2016, The Zcash Company raised over $ 3 million from
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Similar to Bitcoin, with "slow start" and different block interval
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On October 12, 2020, the Electronic Coin Company announced a new
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923:"How Zcash Tries to Balance Privacy, Transparency in Blockchain"
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claimed to have participated in The Ceremony under a pseudonym.
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Ye, Claire; Ojukwu, Chinedu; Hsu, Anthony; Hu, Ruiqi (2020).
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activity. Chainalysis also cites a research report by the
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venture capitalists to complete the development of Zcash.
1199:"Goodbye, Zcash Company. Hello, Electric Coin Company"
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1413:"Electric Coin Co. Transparency Report March 2021"
1353:"ECC owners approve donation to Bootstrap Project"
476:(zebra and some support libraries); BOSL (orchard)
1105:Webster, Molly; Kielty, Matt (25 February 2021).
553:
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8:
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979:An Empirical Analysis of Anonymity in Zcash
627:Development work on Zcash began in 2013 by
77:Learn how and when to remove these messages
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1016:"Zcash development and governance - Zcash"
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245:Learn how and when to remove this message
227:Learn how and when to remove this message
174:Learn how and when to remove this message
639:-based computer security specialist and
2679:Internet properties established in 2016
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1455:from the original on 27 September 2023
1300:from the original on 21 September 2020
1273:from the original on 16 September 2020
790:
788:
786:
662:. In order to ensure privacy, a truly
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110:Please improve this article by adding
2481:Decentralized autonomous organization
1383:"ECC Transparency Report for Q3 2020"
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890:Popper, Nathaniel (31 October 2016).
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1363:from the original on 9 November 2020
1209:from the original on 21 October 2020
1179:from the original on 2 November 2022
971:
969:
902:from the original on 11 January 2019
796:"Frequently Asked Questions - Zcash"
605:non-interactive zero-knowledge proof
1240:from the original on 12 August 2020
1393:from the original on 30 March 2021
1145:. 21 December 2017. Archived from
996:from the original on 26 April 2020
933:from the original on 7 August 2017
921:Clozel, Lalita (31 October 2016).
832:from the original on 17 April 2023
767:from the original on 18 April 2023
25:
2491:Distributed ledger technology law
1445:"Crypto and the Curse of the 51%"
1425:from the original on 2 April 2021
1123:from the original on 28 June 2021
1056:from the original on 23 June 2021
1026:from the original on 24 June 2021
806:from the original on 24 June 2019
517:75 seconds (post-Blossom upgrade)
58:This article has multiple issues.
2649:Currencies without ISO 4217 code
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1080:"Bitcoin Isn't Anonymous Enough"
862:from the original on 9 June 2022
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190:
88:
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66:or discuss these issues on the
27:Cryptocurrency aimed at privacy
2664:Software using the MIT license
1078:Elaine, Ou (1 November 2016).
731:Legality of bitcoin by country
702:were Zcash or Dash addresses.
615:While miners receive 80% of a
1:
2609:Free and open-source software
112:secondary or tertiary sources
1327:"ECC's owners to donate ECC"
298:Zcash Protocol Specification
2659:Application layer protocols
1552:Cryptographic hash function
2695:
588:anti-money laundering laws
327:5.7.0 / 13 March 2023
29:
2534:
2511:Initial exchange offering
2486:Decentralized application
2466:Cryptocurrency in Nigeria
1234:Cryptology ePrint Archive
562:
264:
2516:List of cryptocurrencies
2403:Crypto service companies
2194:Cryptocurrency exchanges
761:"Releases - zcash/zcash"
658:" — to create the Zcash
629:Johns Hopkins University
472:(main zcashd code); MIT/
2654:Cryptocurrency projects
1230:"Alt-Coin Traceability"
329:; 18 months ago
199:Some of this article's
2451:Complementary currency
1557:Decentralized exchange
1542:Cryptocurrency tumbler
99:relies excessively on
2506:Initial coin offering
2461:Cryptocurrency bubble
1992:Basic Attention Token
1562:Decentralized finance
1547:Cryptocurrency wallet
1451:. 26 September 2023.
1387:Electric Coin Company
1357:Electric Coin Company
1331:Electric Coin Company
1203:Electric Coin Company
1117:National Public Radio
1050:Electric Coin Company
609:cryptocurrency wallet
590:and tax regulations.
571:is a privacy-focused
445:Electric Coin Company
398:(zcashd test suite),
309:; 7 years ago
2501:Environmental impact
2471:Cryptocurrency scams
1267:blog.chainalysis.com
1205:. 21 February 2019.
1046:"Reaching Consensus"
982:. pp. 463–477.
852:"The Basics | Zcash"
710:501(c)3 organization
601:zero-knowledge proof
580:zero-knowledge proof
307:28 October 2016
2156:Inactive currencies
1359:. 27 October 2020.
1149:on 21 December 2017
261:
2674:Private currencies
1616:Proof of authority
1587:Non-fungible token
1567:Distributed ledger
896:The New York Times
651:Zcash Foundation.
527:zcashblockexplorer
362:Development status
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1577:Lightning Network
1418:. 31 March 2021.
1389:. 30 March 2021.
1333:. 12 October 2020
989:978-1-939133-04-5
736:Zerocoin protocol
689:On June 8, 2020,
603:, specifically a
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2476:Digital currency
2456:Crypto-anarchism
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2101:HBAR (Hashgraph)
2084:Other currencies
1720:Ethereum Classic
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1523:Cryptocurrencies
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1269:. 8 June 2020.
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274:Denominations
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217:November 2020
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164:November 2020
156:
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125: –
124:
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119:Find sources:
113:
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97:This article
95:
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71:
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37:
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19:
2669:Cryptography
2567:
2555:
2543:
2420:Initiative Q
1782:
1778:Bitcoin Gold
1670:Counterparty
1665:Bitcoin Cash
1457:. Retrieved
1448:
1439:
1427:. Retrieved
1407:
1395:. Retrieved
1386:
1377:
1365:. Retrieved
1356:
1347:
1335:. Retrieved
1330:
1302:. Retrieved
1287:
1275:. Retrieved
1266:
1242:. Retrieved
1233:
1223:
1211:. Retrieved
1202:
1193:
1181:. Retrieved
1172:
1163:
1151:. Retrieved
1147:the original
1137:
1125:. Retrieved
1110:
1100:
1088:. Retrieved
1083:
1058:. Retrieved
1049:
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1028:. Retrieved
1019:
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998:. Retrieved
978:
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926:
916:
904:. Retrieved
895:
864:. Retrieved
855:
846:
834:. Retrieved
820:
808:. Retrieved
799:
775:– via
769:. Retrieved
755:
715:
704:
688:
681:
678:
656:The Ceremony
655:
653:
649:
633:Zooko Wilcox
626:
617:block reward
614:
597:
584:
577:
568:
567:
536:Supply limit
506:Block reward
456:Source model
440:Developer(s)
376:Bitcoin Core
256:
241:
223:
214:
203:
170:
161:
151:
144:
137:
130:
118:
98:
74:
67:
61:
60:Please help
57:
40:
2633:Numismatics
2521:Token money
2410:Hyperledger
2282:EDX Markets
2146:WhopperCoin
2042:Stablecoins
1459:24 December
1304:5 September
1277:5 September
1153:27 December
1090:17 November
1086:. Bloomberg
721:unfolded.
691:Chainalysis
669:counterfeit
660:private key
459:Open source
410:(iOS SDK),
293:White paper
287:Development
204:may not be
2643:Categories
2441:BitLicense
2385:QuadrigaCX
2368:bankruptcy
2332:ShapeShift
2277:Crypto.com
2164:BitConnect
2116:MobileCoin
1885:currencies
1744:Bitconnect
1739:Auroracoin
1643:currencies
1609:mechanisms
1537:Blockchain
1530:Technology
1367:9 November
1337:8 November
1213:9 November
1183:2 November
959:1712.01210
906:26 January
747:References
718:51% attack
707:non-profit
641:cypherpunk
539:21,000,000
514:Block time
447:(zcashd),
394:(zcashd),
383:Written in
334:2023-03-13
314:2016-10-28
134:newspapers
101:references
63:improve it
2597:Economics
2272:Coincheck
2174:KodakCoin
2022:Shiba Inu
2007:KodakCoin
1997:Chainlink
1923:Injective
1897:Avalanche
1859:Primecoin
1607:Consensus
1244:27 August
402:(zebra),
69:talk page
2621:Internet
2545:Category
2267:Coinbase
2247:Bitstamp
2227:Bitpanda
2217:bitFlyer
2212:Bitfinex
2136:SafeMoon
2096:Filecoin
2075:USD Coin
1943:Polkadot
1938:Peercoin
1918:Gridcoin
1912:Ethereum
1892:Algorand
1869:Vertcoin
1839:AmbaCoin
1769:Equihash
1759:Litecoin
1754:Dogecoin
1714:Ethereum
1690:Peercoin
1685:Namecoin
1680:MazaCoin
1582:MetaMask
1453:Archived
1420:Archived
1391:Archived
1361:Archived
1298:Archived
1271:Archived
1238:Archived
1207:Archived
1177:Archived
1121:Archived
1112:Radiolab
1054:Archived
1024:Archived
1000:17 April
994:Archived
931:Archived
900:Archived
860:Archived
836:17 April
830:Archived
826:"Canopy"
804:Archived
765:Archived
725:See also
700:dark web
637:Colorado
492:Equihash
206:reliable
32:Zerocoin
18:Zerocash
2583:Portals
2557:Commons
2436:Airdrop
2415:IQ.Wiki
2380:Mt. Gox
2351:Defunct
2337:Uniswap
2297:Genesis
2232:Bithumb
2207:Binance
2179:OneCoin
2141:Stellar
2027:The DAO
2017:Polygon
1987:Aventus
1902:Cardano
1695:Titcoin
1660:Bitcoin
1651:SHA-256
1429:2 April
1397:2 April
1173:Fortune
1127:29 June
1060:22 June
1030:22 June
937:24 July
866:10 July
810:10 July
771:4 April
623:History
549:Website
544:Website
465:License
451:(zebra)
429:Windows
332: (
312: (
148:scholar
123:"Zcash"
2390:Thodex
2317:Kucoin
2312:Kraken
2292:Gemini
2262:Circle
2237:BitMEX
2222:Bitkub
2169:Coinye
2131:Ripple
2106:Helium
2070:Tether
1975:tokens
1973:ERC-20
1948:Solana
1907:EOS.IO
1811:-based
1799:Monero
1771:-based
1749:Coinye
1732:-based
1730:Scrypt
1707:-based
1705:Ethash
1653:-based
986:
777:GitHub
684:Monero
664:random
481:Ledger
474:Apache
404:Kotlin
396:Python
365:Active
355:/zcash
353:/zcash
349:github
150:
143:
136:
129:
121:
36:zcache
2358:BTC-e
2342:Upbit
2302:Huobi
2287:eToro
2242:Bitso
2184:Petro
2065:Terra
2012:Minds
1982:Augur
1958:Tezos
1953:Steem
1914:(2.0)
1864:Verge
1832:Other
1823:Petro
1783:Zcash
1716:(1.0)
1423:(PDF)
1416:(PDF)
1020:Zcash
954:arXiv
856:Zcash
800:Zcash
741:SNARK
569:Zcash
556:.cash
433:macOS
425:Linux
408:Swift
260:Zcash
155:JSTOR
141:books
2569:List
2322:Kuna
2252:BTCC
2202:Abra
2121:Nano
2111:Luna
2091:Chia
2055:Diem
2032:TRON
1849:IOTA
1844:Firo
1818:Dash
1675:LBRY
1597:Web3
1572:Fork
1461:2023
1431:2021
1399:2021
1369:2020
1339:2020
1306:2020
1279:2020
1246:2020
1215:2020
1185:2022
1155:2022
1129:2021
1092:2020
1062:2021
1032:2021
1002:2020
984:ISBN
939:2017
908:2017
868:2020
838:2023
812:2019
773:2023
635:, a
529:.com
400:Rust
392:Rust
390:and
351:.com
279:Code
127:news
2363:FTX
2327:OKX
2257:BUX
2126:NEO
2060:Pax
2050:Dai
2002:Kin
1963:TON
1933:Nxt
1928:Kin
1809:X11
594:Use
470:MIT
388:C++
282:ZEC
103:to
34:or
2645::
1447:.
1385:.
1355:.
1329:.
1314:^
1296:.
1265:.
1254:^
1236:.
1232:.
1201:.
1175:.
1171:.
1119:.
1115:.
1109:.
1082:.
1070:^
1052:.
1048:.
1022:.
1018:.
992:.
968:^
929:.
925:.
898:.
894:.
876:^
858:.
854:.
828:.
802:.
798:.
785:^
763:.
431:,
427:,
412:Go
114:.
72:.
2585::
1515:e
1508:t
1501:v
1463:.
1433:.
1401:.
1371:.
1341:.
1308:.
1281:.
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1187:.
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1131:.
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554:z
336:)
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242:(
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224:(
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215:(
209:.
177:)
171:(
166:)
162:(
152:·
145:·
138:·
131:·
108:.
79:)
75:(
38:.
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
