550:. After Huang Chong gave a speech to the Shu soldiers to boost their morale, both sides engaged in battle. Deng Ai ordered his son Deng Zhong (鄧忠) and another officer Shi Zuan (師纂) to flank Zhuge Zhan's position. They moved to the formation's left and right but the Shu forces intercepted them and drove them back; only Deng Ai's central force remained intact. When Deng Zhong and Shi Zuan complained that there was no way to break the formation and suggested that they retreat, Deng Ai angrily said that they must win if they wanted to live another day, and even threatened to execute anyone who spoke of retreat. Deng Zhong and Shi Zuan then led their men to attack the Shu formation again and succeeded in breaking it. Zhuge Zhan, Zhuge Shang, Zhang Zun, Li Qiu, Huang Chong and other Shu officers were killed in action.
476:, so an invading Wei army could be lured deeper into Hanzhong Commandery, where the weary expedition force could be blocked and rendered vulnerable to a Shu counterattack upon retreat. Jiang Wei claimed his arrangement could achieve a decisive victory previously unimaginable when they had just defended along the Qin Mountains. Since Jiang Wei's analysis had sound logic and merit, Zhuge Zhan did not oppose dismantling Wei Yan's intertwined fortifications.
534:, had urged Zhuge Zhan on numerous occasions to move quickly and seize control of advantageous terrain before Deng Ai did. Zhuge Zhan, however, deemed Huang Chong's plan too ambitious and adopted a more "cautious" approach instead. When Huang Chong repeatedly urged him to attack Deng Ai, Zhuge Zhan relented and tentatively sent a vanguard force to attack the enemy, which defeated them. Zhuge Zhan then left Fu County for the better fortified
472:, a strategic location on the road into the Shu heartland. Even after Wei Yan's death, Liu Shan had followed this arrangement, which allowed the Shu forces to successfully keep Wei invaders out every time. However, Jiang Wei argued that Wei Yan's design "could only repel the enemy but not reap big profits." Hoping to score a decisive victory, Jiang Wei proposed to abandon the camps set up by Wei Yan and vacate all the passes in the
508:, Shaanxi) counties, which served as bait to wear out the enemy. However, Zhong Hui sent two smaller detachments to attack the two counties and led the main Wei army further into Shu territory. In the meantime, Jiang Wei lost to the Wei generals Wang Qi (王欣) and Yang Xin (楊欣) and had to retreat to the highly fortified mountain pass at Jiange (劍閣; in present-day
36:
412:
policy, the people give credit to Zhuge Zhan even though it might have had nothing to do with him. As Zhuge Liang never established any formal history bureau in the Shu government, it was hard to distinguish which policies Zhuge Zhan had a role in, although it was clear that Zhuge Zhan's reputation was greater than his actual accomplishments.
408:) and was appointed as a Cavalry Commandant (騎都尉). One year later, he was promoted to a General of the Household (中郎將) in the Yulin (羽林) unit of the Imperial Guards. He subsequently held the following positions in the Shu government: Palace Attendant (侍中), Supervisor of the Masters of Writing (尚書僕射) and Military Adviser-General (軍師將軍).
411:
Apart from serving as an official, Zhuge Zhan was also skilled in painting and calligraphy. Since the people of Shu deeply missed Zhuge Liang, who died in 234, they especially liked Zhuge Zhan for his talents because he reminded them of his father. Whenever the Shu government implemented a favourable
541:
When Deng Ai besieged Zhuge Zhan at
Mianzhu, he offered the latter a chance to surrender and promised to recommend to the Wei government to enfeoff Zhuge Zhan as the Prince of Langye if he surrendered. However, Zhuge Zhan refused, had Deng Ai's messenger executed, and ordered his troops to prepare
524:
The aforementioned military movements happened within weeks, and Zhong Hui's rapid advance shocked most of the Shu generals. As they realised the danger of letting the enemy in, Jiang Wei and his comrades were still stuck at Jiange. As he knew that Jiange was well-defended, Zhuge Zhan did not send
492:
in charge of military affairs along the Wei–Shu border. However, Liu Shan believed in Huang Hao's witchcraft, according to which destiny dictated Wei that would not attack. Liu Shan did not inform Zhuge Zhan of Jiang Wei's warnings. Nevertheless, Liu Shan did send reinforcements before the Wei
461:, after his failure in the last of the 11 campaigns, presumably because he knew that the people of Shu were increasingly resentful of him. Liu Shan also compromised Zhuge Zhan's proposal to switch from an offensive stance against Wei to a defensive one, because he had earlier replaced
583:
sought Zhuge Zhan's opinion on how to drive the Wei invaders, Zhuge Zhan thought of dressing up as his deceased father to scare away the enemy. His ruse worked initially as the Wei soldiers panicked and scattered upon thinking that Zhuge Liang had returned from the dead. However,
420:
Zhuge Zhan's frequent promotions continued until he reached the top of the imperial administrative system – the role of the
Imperial Secretariat. At the same time, Zhuge Zhan was appointed as acting Protector-General (都護) and acting General of the Guards (衛將軍).
542:
for battle outside the pass. He supposedly arranged his troops in the Eight
Trigrams Formation invented by his father. At the time, there were other notable Shu figures with Zhuge Zhan at Mianzhu, including Zhang Zun (張遵; a grandson of
444:
against Wei between 240 and 262. After Jiang Wei suffered a crushing defeat at the hands of Wei forces, Zhuge Zhan wrote to the Shu emperor Liu Shan, asking him to remove Jiang Wei from his military command and replace him with
529:
suddenly appeared in
Jiangyou (江由) with his troops after taking a dangerous shortcut across mountainous terrain, the official in charge of Jiangyou surrendered without putting up a fight. Huang Chong, a son of
633:'s reign, corresponding to 19 Nov 263 to 14 Feb 264 in the Julian calendar. However, Zhuge Zhan died before Shu's surrender. Thus, he likely died in late Nov or early Dec 263. He was 37 years old (by
432:
between 228 and 234, Zhuge Zhan recognised the inherent dangers of overly using military force, especially for Shu since it was far weaker than Wei in terms of military and economic power. After
516:). Upon learning that Jiang Wei's plan had failed and sown the seeds of destruction, Zhuge Zhan hastily assembled an army in Chengdu and moved to Fu County to prepare for a final defence.
735:(先主留魏延鎮漢中，皆實兵諸圍以御外敵。敵若來攻，使不得人。及興勢之役，王平捍拒曹爽，皆承此制。維建議，以為錯守諸圍，雖合《周易》「重門」之義，然適可禦敵，不獲大利。不若使聞敵至，諸圍皆斂兵聚谷，退就漢、樂二城。使敵不得入平，臣重關鎮守以捍之。有事之日，令遊軍並進以伺其虛。敵攻關不克，野無散谷，千里縣糧，自然疲乏。引退之日，然後諸城並出，與遊軍並力搏之，此殄敵之術也。)
496:
When the Wei forces started advancing towards Shu in
September 263, the first half of Jiang Wei's plan worked – the Wei forces marched unopposed until they reached Han (漢; in present-day
468:
Previously, the Shu general Wei Yan had invented a defensive strategy to hinder and repel invading forces by setting up "covering camps" on the outskirts and exits of trails leading to
588:
quickly pointed out that it was someone pretending to be Zhuge Liang and ordered his troops to regroup and attack. Zhuge Zhan died at the Battle of
Mianzhu along with his eldest son
1627:
440:
overall commander of the Shu army, Zhuge Zhan attempted to dissuade him from continuing to wage war against Wei but to no avail – Jiang Wei launched a total of
862:
950:
945:
895:
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601:
429:
441:
457:. However, it is not known whether Liu Shan heeded Zhuge Zhan's advice, because Jiang Wei did not return to the Shu capital,
813:(蜀卫将军诸葛瞻自涪还绵竹，列陈待艾。艾遣子惠唐亭侯忠等出其右，司马师纂等出其左。忠、纂战不利，并退还，曰：“贼未可击。”艾怒曰：“存亡之分，在此一举，何不可之有？”乃叱忠、纂等，将斩之。忠、纂驰还更战，大破之，斩瞻及尚书张遵等首，进军到雒。)
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1612:
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recorded that he died in the winter (10th to 12th month) of the 6th year of the
Jingyao era of
1560:
1484:
1409:
1404:
1278:
546:), Li Qiu (李球; an imperial guard commander), Huang Chong, as well as Zhuge Zhan's eldest son
453:. Zhuge Zhan's memorial to Liu Shan was preserved and was still available by the time of the
1489:
1243:
1203:
1118:
1113:
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When Zhuge Zhan was 16 years old, he married a Shu princess (a daughter of the Shu emperor
1138:
354:
465:'s tried-and-tested defensive layout with a high-risk-high-reward strategy by Jiang Wei.
289:
568:
505:
385:
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reinforcements there and instead held his position in Fu County. When the Wei general
1601:
1525:
1208:
841:
572:
509:
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374:
324:
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Having seen his father adopt an aggressive foreign policy towards Shu's rival state
1535:
350:
41:
748:(六年，維表後主：「聞鐘會治兵關中，欲規進取，宜並遣張翼、廖化詣督堵軍分護陽安關口、陰平橋頭，以防未然。」皓徵信鬼巫，謂敌終不自致。啟後主寢其事，而群臣不知。)
1499:
1369:
997:
857:
589:
547:
497:
389:
305:
285:
1540:
1303:
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1469:
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1238:
1193:
1123:
1098:
1043:
1017:
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825:
543:
489:
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1168:
592:, Huang Chong and others while helplessly outnumbered by Deng Ai's forces.
1581:
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271:
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133:
90:
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1449:
1424:
1379:
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1188:
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637:) when he died. By calculation, his year of birth year should be 227.
1429:
1384:
1374:
1288:
1258:
1133:
359:
380:, was a Chinese military general and politician of the state of
877:
761:(及鐘會將向駱谷，鄧艾將入沓中。然後乃遣右車騎廖化詣沓中為維援，左車騎張翼、輔國大將軍董厥等詣陽安關口以為諸圍外助。)
488:
after he heard that the Wei government had put the general
538:, where he planned to make a last stand against Deng Ai.
621:
619:
617:
567:, which romanticises the events before and during the
484:
In early 263, Jiang Wei requested reinforcements from
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1518:
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959:
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722:(維好戰無功，國內疲弊，宜表後主，召還為益州刺史，奪其兵權；蜀長老猶有瞻表以閻宇代維故事。)
889:
8:
863:Annotations to Records of the Three Kingdoms
579:in a dramatic fashion. When the Shu emperor
787:(到涪县，瞻盘桓未进，崇屡劝瞻宜速行据险，无令敌得入平地。瞻犹与未纳，崇至于流涕。)
896:
882:
874:
18:
774:(欣等追蹑於强川口，大战，维败走...维遂东引，还守剑阁。锺会攻维未能克。)
650:
613:
1628:Three Kingdoms people killed in battle
16:Shu Han general and official (227-263)
683:(每朝廷有一善政佳事，雖非瞻所建倡，百姓皆傳相告曰：「葛侯之所為也：」)
602:Lists of people of the Three Kingdoms
561:In the 14th-century historical novel
7:
181:Supervisor of the Masters of Writing
14:
575:depicts the ill-fated defence of
388:period of China. He was a son of
34:
520:Battles with Deng Ai, and death
140:Military Adviser-General (軍師將軍)
625:Zhuge Zhan's biography in the
1:
847:Romance of the Three Kingdoms
831:Records of the Three Kingdoms
564:Romance of the Three Kingdoms
556:Romance of the Three Kingdoms
504:) and Yue (樂; in present-day
370:
252:
1623:Shu Han government officials
657:(六年冬， ... 遂戰，大敗，臨陣死，時年三十七。)
319:Military general, politician
709:(时都护诸葛瞻初统朝事，廖化过预，欲与预共诣瞻许。)
480:Futile effort to defend Shu
54:General of the Guards (衛將軍)
1644:
348:
44:illustration of Zhuge Zhan
960:Princes and royal figures
449:, a friend of the eunuch
343:
223:
187:
144:
103:
60:
49:
33:
28:
670:(瞻工書畫，強識念，蜀人追思亮，咸愛其才敏。)
635:East Asian age reckoning
800:(瞻督諸軍至涪停住，前鋒破，退還，住綿竹。)
430:five military campaigns
337:Marquis of Wu District
255:November 263 (aged 36)
97:Protector-General (都護)
1575:Other notable figures
442:11 military campaigns
904:Prominent people of
493:invasion commenced.
1519:Other notable women
571:period, the writer
470:Hanzhong Commandery
394:Imperial Chancellor
1595:
1594:
1485:Zhang Yi (Bogong)
1313:Military officers
416:Pinnacle of power
347:
346:
1635:
1618:Shu Han generals
1490:Zhang Yi (Junsi)
898:
891:
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844:(14th century).
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946:Empress Jing'ai
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860:(5th century).
828:(3rd century).
822:
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696:(是以美聲溢譽，有過其實。)
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842:Luo, Guanzhong
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569:Three Kingdoms
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506:Chenggu County
481:
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417:
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386:Three Kingdoms
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951:Empress Zhang
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868:Sanguozhi zhu
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827:
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573:Luo Guanzhong
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557:
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510:Jiange County
507:
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375:courtesy name
368:
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37:
32:
27:
20:
1504:
867:
861:
858:Pei, Songzhi
852:Sanguo Yanyi
851:
845:
835:
829:
814:
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392:, the first
377:
366:
365:
358:
351:Chinese name
189:
146:
105:
62:
42:Qing dynasty
1551:Lady Xiahou
1500:Zhuge Shang
1465:Xiang Chong
1370:Huang Zhong
998:Zhuge Liang
590:Zhuge Shang
548:Zhuge Shang
498:Mian County
455:Jin dynasty
436:became the
390:Zhuge Liang
384:during the
355:family name
329:Siyuan (思遠)
306:Zhuge Liang
286:Zhuge Shang
274:'s daughter
1613:263 deaths
1608:227 births
1602:Categories
1541:Lady Huang
1505:Zhuge Zhan
1365:Huang Quan
1304:Zhuge Qiao
1254:Xiang Lang
1224:Wang Chong
1219:Shou Liang
1184:Meng Guang
1104:Guo Youzhi
941:Empress Wu
826:Chen, Shou
645:References
532:Huang Quan
400:Early life
367:Zhuge Zhan
316:Occupation
290:Zhuge Jing
23:Zhuge Zhan
1556:Li Zhaoyi
1536:Lady Guan
1475:Zhang Nan
1470:Zhang Fei
1460:Xiahou Ba
1440:Wang Ping
1355:Gao Xiang
1299:Zhang Bao
1269:Yang Hong
1239:Wang Lian
1194:Qiao Zhou
1124:Huang Hao
1099:Guan Xing
1049:Chen Zhen
1044:Chen Shou
1018:Jiang Wei
1003:Jiang Wan
934:Empresses
836:Sanguozhi
815:Sanguozhi
802:Sanguozhi
789:Sanguozhi
776:Sanguozhi
763:Sanguozhi
750:Sanguozhi
737:Sanguozhi
724:Sanguozhi
711:Sanguozhi
698:Sanguozhi
685:Sanguozhi
672:Sanguozhi
659:Sanguozhi
627:Sanguozhi
544:Zhang Fei
490:Zhong Hui
451:Huang Hao
434:Jiang Wei
190:In office
147:In office
106:In office
63:In office
1582:Meng Huo
1531:Lady Gan
1495:Zhao Yun
1480:Zhang Ni
1435:Ma Zhong
1415:Luo Xian
1400:Liao Hua
1335:Deng Zhi
1330:Cheng Ji
1325:Chen Shi
1320:Chen Dao
1284:Yao Zhou
1249:Xi Zheng
1234:Wang Hua
1214:She Yuan
1179:Ma Liang
1154:Li Zhuan
1149:Li Xiang
1084:Fan Jian
1069:Du Qiong
1064:Dong Jue
1054:Chen Zhi
1039:Chang Xu
1034:Chang Ji
1008:Dong Yun
977:Liu Yong
972:Liu Xuan
967:Liu Chen
925:Liu Shan
913:Emperors
817:vol. 28.
804:vol. 35.
791:vol. 43.
778:vol. 28.
765:vol. 44.
752:vol. 44.
739:vol. 44.
726:vol. 35.
713:vol. 13.
700:vol. 35.
687:vol. 35.
674:vol. 35.
661:vol. 35.
631:Liu Shan
596:See also
581:Liu Shan
438:de facto
406:Liu Shan
396:of Shu.
349:In this
308:(father)
279:Children
272:Liu Shan
218:Liu Shan
175:Liu Shan
134:Liu Shan
99:(acting)
91:Liu Shan
56:(acting)
1587:Shamoke
1566:Yuan Fu
1561:Lady Hu
1546:Lady Mi
1510:Zong Yu
1445:Wei Yan
1420:Ma Chao
1410:Liu Yin
1405:Liu Yan
1360:Gong Lu
1350:Fu Rong
1345:Fu Qian
1340:Feng Xi
1279:Yang Yi
1274:Yang Xi
1264:Xu Jing
1229:Wang Fu
1159:Liao Li
1144:Li Miao
1129:Lai Min
1094:Fei Shi
1079:Du Zhen
1059:Dong He
991:Regents
920:Liu Bei
906:Shu Han
586:Deng Ai
577:Chengdu
536:Mianzhu
527:Deng Ai
514:Sichuan
502:Shaanxi
486:Chengdu
463:Wei Yan
459:Chengdu
426:Cao Wei
382:Shu Han
369:(227 –
334:Peerage
262:Sichuan
258:Mianzhu
243:Sichuan
239:Chengdu
214:Monarch
204: (
196: (
171:Monarch
161: (
153: (
130:Monarch
120: (
112: (
87:Monarch
77: (
69: (
1450:Wu Ban
1425:Ma Dai
1395:Li Hui
1390:Li Yan
1380:Huo Yi
1294:Yin Mo
1244:Wen Li
1204:Ren Xi
1199:Qin Mi
1189:Mi Zhu
1169:Lü Kai
1164:Liu Ba
1119:He Zhi
1114:He Sui
1109:He Pan
1089:Fei Li
1074:Du Wei
1013:Fei Yi
982:Liu Li
447:Yan Yu
378:Siyuan
353:, the
299:Parent
268:Spouse
183:(尚書僕射)
1455:Wu Yi
1430:Ma Su
1385:Ju Fu
1375:Hu Ji
1289:Yi Ji
1259:Xu Ci
1174:Lü Yi
1139:Li Mi
1134:Li Fu
608:Notes
360:Zhuge
339:(武鄉侯)
249:Died
233:Born
118:–263
75:–263
554:In
357:is
236:227
122:263
114:261
110:261
79:263
71:261
67:261
29:諸葛瞻
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253:c.
241:,
202:–?
159:–?
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208:)
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151:?
124:)
116:)
81:)
73:)
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