2673:
2687:
214:
395:
3403:
1826:
are made by raising the back of the tongue to touch the soft palate and touching the gums with the sides and tip of the tongue. The centre of the tongue is depressed and the tip drawn quickly away from the gum. The resulting sound is like the "pop" heard when quickly removing the cork from a bottle.
2559:
is not, and only appears when the object is given in the discourse. The object marker attaches closer to the verb root when it occurs (with the following notations: A - augment vowel; 1 - class 1 nominal prefix, etc.; 1s - class 1 subject agreement, etc.; FUT - future; 1o - class 1 object marker,
1808:
are made by placing the tip of the tongue against the front upper teeth and gums, the centre of the tongue is depressed and the tip of the tongue is drawn backwards. The resulting sound is similar to the sound used in
English to express annoyance. Some examples are
1844:
are made by placing the tongue so that the back of the tongue touches the soft palate and the sides and tip of the tongue touch the gums. One side of the tongue is quickly withdrawn from the gums. Some examples are
2165:
The
Northern Ndebele noun consists of two essential parts, the prefix and the stem. Using the prefixes, nouns can be grouped into noun classes, which are numbered consecutively, to ease comparison with other
4076:
532:
for language varieties that are very similar is difficult, with the decision often being based not on objective linguistic criteria but on more subjective, often politicised considerations.
4069:
3378:
4996:
4991:
4986:
4981:
4976:
4062:
3860:
3185:
3408:
2967:
4965:
4090:
2838:
304:
2914:
Langa
Khumalo, “Language Contact and Lexical Change: A Lexicographical Terminographical Interface in Zimbabwean Ndebele,” Lexikos 14, no. 108 (2004).
3371:
2810:
2661:
clitics to be agreement markers, which might also be the case for
Northern Ndebele, given the linguistic similarity between the languages.
1194:
1448:
3853:
3178:
1470:
493:
were assimilated into
Mzilikazi's kingdom to create a version of isiZulu. The Matebele people of Zimbabwe descend from followers of the
543:, although the former is more closely related to Zulu. Southern Ndebele, while maintaining its Nguni roots, has been influenced by the
3364:
996:
2866:
3103:
1320:
3398:
2789:
1204:
1174:
334:
5037:
5032:
3846:
3171:
2899:
68:
1635:
1072:
112:
4846:
3623:
3593:
1746:
1184:
520:
and
Northern Ndebele, the two languages share more than 85% of their lexicon. To prominent Nguni linguists like Anthony
4922:
3813:
2556:
1216:
984:
3457:
2173:
The following table gives an overview of
Northern Ndebele noun classes, arranged according to singular-plural pairs.
544:
30:
This article is about the
Ndebele language spoken in Zimbabwe. For the Ndebele language spoken in South Africa, see
1480:
132:
122:
106:
4858:
4852:
4054:
3502:
3387:
3283:
2958:
2923:
Anthony Cope, “A Consolidated
Classification of the Bantu Languages,” African Studies 30, nos. 3–4 1971): 213–36.
2710:
1975:
1306:
536:
31:
3539:
539:(or Transvaal Ndebele), which is spoken in South Africa, are separate but related languages with some degree of
5027:
3448:
1580:
1288:
1006:
344:
318:
489:
although, like many Nguni dialects, some words will be shared. Many of the natives that were colonized by the
240:
4137:
4008:
3877:
3465:
3425:
3258:
2834:
2700:
2320:
807:
795:
490:
471:
259:
79:
4018:
5022:
4113:
3153:
1585:
1420:
1410:
1400:
1375:
1365:
1355:
1333:
1146:
1119:
1109:
1097:
956:
942:
930:
911:
897:
885:
762:
750:
590:
540:
4956:
4406:
3869:
3788:
3438:
3194:
2715:
1625:
1460:
651:
639:
573:
3818:
2947:
D.K. Rycroft “Ndebele and Zulu: Some
Phonetic and Tonal Comparisons,” Zambezia, no. 2 (1980): 109–28.
1736:
821:
663:
4840:
4294:
4288:
4178:
3689:
3638:
3345:
1672:
1662:
1652:
1615:
1161:
1041:
1029:
969:
866:
852:
840:
776:
3044:
4733:
4143:
3929:
3208:
3072:
2725:
2720:
1726:
673:
585:
568:
64:
4968:
is geographic and its groupings do not imply a relationship between the languages within them.
4400:
4023:
4003:
3993:
3980:
3960:
3939:
3679:
3633:
3618:
3099:
3064:
2932:
2895:
2816:
2806:
1057:
609:
597:
525:
5017:
4681:
4529:
4493:
4452:
4388:
4370:
4353:
4347:
4341:
4300:
4236:
4172:
4125:
3998:
3924:
3914:
3890:
3340:
3330:
3233:
3223:
3056:
2692:
1541:
Many consonant sounds may result in depressed (or breathy) allophones. Alveolar consonants,
580:
411:
485:. As a language, it is by no means similar to the Ndebele language spoken in kwaNdebele in
17:
4887:
4881:
4834:
4727:
4721:
4715:
4663:
4657:
4600:
4588:
4571:
4565:
4559:
4553:
4547:
4541:
4535:
4523:
4517:
4511:
4464:
4458:
4446:
4412:
4312:
4306:
4224:
4086:
3954:
3944:
3934:
3919:
3901:
3731:
3705:
3669:
3648:
3547:
3494:
3481:
3325:
3268:
3263:
2862:
2167:
1796:
1604:
628:
602:
475:
152:
147:
137:
98:
528:, Northern Ndebele is a dialect of Zulu. To others like Langa Khumalo, it is a language.
4949:
4928:
4916:
4893:
4828:
4822:
4804:
4792:
4775:
4769:
4763:
4757:
4751:
4745:
4739:
4698:
4669:
4651:
4645:
4594:
4505:
4499:
4476:
4382:
4376:
4335:
4230:
4207:
4201:
4195:
4155:
4149:
4131:
4119:
4043:
3970:
3909:
3803:
3793:
3765:
3700:
3694:
3674:
3613:
3608:
3566:
3518:
3510:
3473:
3335:
3299:
3278:
3273:
3253:
3248:
3228:
3213:
739:
467:
187:
142:
481:
Ndebele is a term used to refer to a collection of many different African cultures in
294:
5011:
4899:
4875:
4798:
4617:
4394:
4260:
4254:
4248:
4242:
4033:
4028:
4013:
3988:
3965:
3653:
3628:
3526:
3309:
3304:
3218:
3076:
2705:
2678:
1783:
1773:
1763:
1709:
1699:
1689:
1525:
1515:
1501:
1276:
1265:
1253:
1243:
1233:
726:
716:
704:
692:
517:
4816:
4675:
4470:
4329:
4038:
3238:
2751:
506:
486:
194:
3158:
3060:
3757:
521:
494:
117:
2686:
516:
Although there are some differences in grammar, lexicon and intonation between
2772:
2767:
2668:
3068:
2820:
3885:
3771:
3433:
3356:
3114:
498:
394:
287:
270:
251:
232:
2639:
2593:
277:
3798:
3736:
2730:
1437:
482:
352:
340:
219:
3838:
3163:
3148:
2647:
2635:
2616:
2575:
4440:
3018:
2658:
2643:
2601:
529:
510:
348:
127:
60:
3808:
3726:
3126:
The Standardisation of the Ndebele Language Through Dictionary-making
3019:"The timing of agreement and A-movement in Ndebele - lingbuzz/005254"
2657:
There is evidence from Zulu that object markers are an evolution of
3823:
3684:
3404:
Commission for Cultural, Religious and Linguistic Community Rights
502:
393:
3135:
The Linguistic Relationship between Southern and Northern Ndebele
2960:
The Linguistic Relationship between Southern and Northern Ndebele
3710:
2552:
4973:
Narrow Bantu languages by Guthrie classification zone templates
4058:
3842:
3360:
3167:
2612:
2571:
2805:(1st ed.). Harare, Zimbabwe: Radiant Publishing Company.
2597:
438:
432:
2894:(2nd ed.). Harare Zimbabwe: College Press. p. 7.
423:
414:
2837:. ISO 639-2 Registration Authority - Library of Congress.
351:
characters. For an introductory guide on IPA symbols, see
3049:
Southern African Linguistics and Applied Language Studies
2865:. ISO 639-3 Registration Authority - SIL International.
1861:
There are five vowel phonemes, written with the letters
3001:
2999:
2997:
417:
2943:
2941:
435:
429:
420:
4908:
4867:
4784:
4707:
4690:
4637:
4630:
4609:
4580:
4485:
4432:
4425:
4362:
4321:
4280:
4273:
4216:
4187:
4164:
4105:
4098:
3979:
3900:
3876:
3781:
3756:
3749:
3719:
3662:
3601:
3586:
3559:
3538:
3493:
3456:
3447:
3424:
3417:
3318:
3292:
3201:
2935:, 1957. Learn Zulu, Cape Town: Shuter & SHooter
2323:with the noun class of the subject and the object:
426:
384:
376:
368:
363:
317:
301:
285:
268:
249:
230:
225:
205:
200:
184:
95:
85:
75:
56:
39:
3094:Bowern, Claire; Lotridge, Victoria, eds. (2002).
1930:is pronounced or , sometimes approximately like
1553:, may have dentalized allophones of . Consonants
2752:"Ndebele speaking countries: Zimbabwean Ndebele"
2319:Verbs are marked with the following prefixes in
1564:Ndebele /t͡ʃ/ generally correspond to Zulu /ʃ/.
530:Distinguishing between a language and a dialect
3128:. University of Zimbabwe - University of Oslo.
4070:
3854:
3372:
3179:
8:
3119:(Ph.D.). University of California, Berkeley.
513:, arriving in present-day Zimbabwe in 1839.
4997:Template:Narrow Bantu languages (Zones N–S)
4992:Template:Narrow Bantu languages (Zones J–M)
4987:Template:Narrow Bantu languages (Zones E–H)
4982:Template:Narrow Bantu languages (Zones C–D)
4977:Template:Narrow Bantu languages (Zones A–B)
2863:"Documentation for ISO 639 identifier: nde"
2835:"Documentation for ISO 639 identifier: nde"
4634:
4429:
4277:
4102:
4077:
4063:
4055:
3861:
3847:
3839:
3753:
3598:
3453:
3421:
3379:
3365:
3357:
3186:
3172:
3164:
3116:Verbal Phonology and Morphology of Ndebele
36:
2984:
2982:
2980:
2325:
2175:
1965:
1571:
559:
3137:. University of Pretoria: DLitt Thesis.
2742:
1962:Months in Northern and Southern Ndebele
1795:In Northern Ndebele, there are fifteen
345:question marks, boxes, or other symbols
27:Bantu language of Zimbabwe and Botswana
509:in the early 19th century, during the
360:
3013:
3011:
2957:Skhosana, Philemon Buti (2009). "3".
2763:
2761:
1577:
565:
7:
1902:is pronounced or , sometimes like
1888:is pronounced , approximately like
1561:can result in allophones of and .
4955:Languages between parentheses are
25:
3159:The History of the Ndebele People
2304:before monosyllabic stems, e. g.
1782:
1772:
1762:
1745:
1735:
1725:
1708:
1698:
1688:
1671:
1661:
1651:
1634:
1624:
1614:
1524:
1514:
1500:
1479:
1469:
1459:
1447:
1419:
1409:
1399:
1374:
1364:
1354:
1332:
1319:
1305:
1287:
1275:
1264:
1252:
1242:
1232:
1215:
1203:
1193:
1183:
1173:
1145:
1118:
1108:
1096:
1071:
1040:
1028:
1005:
995:
983:
955:
941:
929:
910:
896:
884:
865:
851:
839:
820:
806:
794:
775:
761:
749:
725:
715:
703:
691:
672:
662:
650:
638:
3399:Pan South African Language Board
2973:from the original on 2015-11-17.
2685:
2671:
410:
212:
3005:NorthernNdebele at blogspot.com
2869:from the original on 2017-11-01
2841:from the original on 2017-12-22
2790:New Updated Guthrie List Online
1838:The five clicks spelled with a
1820:The five clicks spelled with a
1802:The five clicks spelled with a
4959:of the language on their left.
3409:Department of Arts and Culture
3149:Northern Ndebele for Beginners
1:
2653:"Thabani will cook the meat."
3061:10.2989/16073614.2012.737600
3043:Zeller, Jochen (June 2012).
561:Northern Ndebele consonants
3045:"Object marking in isiZulu"
1972:Northern Ndebele (Zimbabwe)
505:'s generals), who left the
462:, associated with the term
398:isiNdebele dictionary, 1910
380:amaNdebele (prev. Matabele)
18:Zimbabwean Ndebele language
5054:
29:
4941:
3394:
3388:Languages of South Africa
3124:Hadebe, Samukele (2002).
3098:. Munich: LINCOM EUROPA.
2711:Southern Ndebele language
1603:
1584:
1579:
1436:
1160:
968:
738:
627:
608:
601:
589:
579:
572:
567:
331:
207:Official language in
49:
44:
32:Southern Ndebele language
2890:Sibanda, Julius (2002).
2788:Jouni Filip Maho, 2009.
1573:Northern Ndebele clicks
3133:Skhosana, P.B. (2010).
3113:Sibanda, Galen (2004).
2778:(subscription required)
472:Northern Ndebele people
452:isiNdebele saseNyakatho
91:2.6 million (2023)
4966:Guthrie classification
4091:Guthrie classification
2553:subject-verb agreement
541:mutual intelligibility
399:
333:This article contains
5038:Languages of Zimbabwe
5033:Languages of Botswana
3870:Languages of Botswana
3789:Tsotsitaal and Camtho
3195:Languages of Zimbabwe
2990:A New Ndebele Grammar
2801:Mpofu, I. N. (2011).
2716:Provinces of Zimbabwe
1944:is pronounced , like
1916:is pronounced , like
1088:prenasalized ejective
535:Northern Ndebele and
474:which belongs to the
397:
3589:unofficial languages
3293:Unofficial languages
1981:Zulu (South Africa)
1114:⟨ntjh⟩
478:group of languages.
364:The Ndebele Language
325:varieties 99-AUT-fka
4179:Mwera of Mbamba Bay
3319:Immigrant languages
2878:Name: North Ndebele
2850:Name: North Ndebele
2803:Sithini isiNdebele?
1788:⟨ngx⟩
1778:⟨ngq⟩
1768:⟨ngc⟩
1574:
1425:⟨ndl⟩
1380:⟨nhl⟩
1133:prenasalized voiced
1124:⟨nkl⟩
1102:⟨nts⟩
1046:⟨tjh⟩
1034:⟨tsh⟩
731:⟨ngh⟩
678:⟨ngh⟩
562:
69:North-East District
4811:(Northern) Ndebele
3468:(Sesotho sa Leboa)
3209:Zimbabwean English
3202:Official languages
2750:Northern Ndebele.
2726:Matabeleland South
2721:Matabeleland North
1827:Some examples are
1751:⟨nx⟩
1741:⟨nq⟩
1731:⟨nc⟩
1714:⟨gx⟩
1704:⟨gq⟩
1694:⟨gc⟩
1677:⟨xh⟩
1667:⟨qh⟩
1657:⟨ch⟩
1572:
1415:⟨nz⟩
1405:⟨mv⟩
1393:prenasalized (vd.)
1370:⟨ns⟩
1360:⟨mf⟩
1325:⟨dl⟩
1301:voiced (non-depr.)
1270:⟨zh⟩
1209:⟨sh⟩
1199:⟨hl⟩
1151:⟨nj⟩
1011:⟨kl⟩
1001:⟨tj⟩
989:⟨ts⟩
961:⟨ng⟩
947:⟨nd⟩
935:⟨mb⟩
925:prenasalized (vd.)
916:⟨nk⟩
902:⟨nt⟩
890:⟨mp⟩
871:⟨kh⟩
857:⟨th⟩
845:⟨ph⟩
800:⟨bh⟩
721:⟨ny⟩
668:⟨ny⟩
560:
501:(one of Zulu King
456:Zimbabwean Ndebele
400:
65:Matabeleland South
5005:
5004:
4950:extinct languages
4937:
4936:
4626:
4625:
4595:North-West Herero
4421:
4420:
4269:
4268:
4052:
4051:
3836:
3835:
3832:
3831:
3745:
3744:
3594:1996 constitution
3582:
3581:
3578:
3577:
3503:Southern Ndebele
3354:
3353:
2812:978-0-7974-4280-1
2776:(18th ed., 2015)
2754:. worlddata.info.
2549:
2548:
2295:
2294:
2269:ubu-, ub-, utsh-
2153:
2152:
1793:
1792:
1759:
1758:nasalized (depr.)
1722:
1685:
1648:
1640:⟨x⟩
1630:⟨q⟩
1620:⟨c⟩
1611:
1599:
1594:
1539:
1538:
1530:⟨y⟩
1520:⟨l⟩
1506:⟨w⟩
1497:
1485:⟨y⟩
1475:⟨l⟩
1465:⟨r⟩
1453:⟨w⟩
1444:
1394:
1349:
1338:⟨k⟩
1311:⟨b⟩
1302:
1293:⟨h⟩
1281:⟨k⟩
1258:⟨z⟩
1248:⟨v⟩
1238:⟨b⟩
1229:
1221:⟨h⟩
1189:⟨s⟩
1179:⟨f⟩
1168:
1134:
1089:
1077:⟨j⟩
1060:
1021:
976:
926:
881:
836:
826:⟨ɡ⟩
812:⟨d⟩
791:
781:⟨k⟩
767:⟨t⟩
755:⟨p⟩
746:
709:⟨n⟩
697:⟨m⟩
688:
656:⟨n⟩
644:⟨m⟩
635:
623:
618:
392:
391:
359:
358:
341:rendering support
337:phonetic symbols.
45:Mthwakazi Ndebele
16:(Redirected from
5045:
4859:Sumayela Ndebele
4635:
4572:Kolonkadhi-Eunda
4430:
4278:
4103:
4089:(Zones N–S) (by
4079:
4072:
4065:
4056:
3950:Northern Ndebele
3863:
3856:
3849:
3840:
3814:SA Sign Language
3754:
3644:Northern Ndebele
3599:
3591:mentioned in the
3454:
3422:
3381:
3374:
3367:
3358:
3188:
3181:
3174:
3165:
3138:
3129:
3120:
3109:
3081:
3080:
3040:
3034:
3033:
3031:
3030:
3025:. September 2020
3015:
3006:
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2945:
2936:
2933:Nyembezi, C.L.S.
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2905:
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2695:
2693:Languages portal
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2599:
2595:
2577:
2573:
2326:
2176:
2034:uSihlabantangana
1976:Southern Ndebele
1966:
1892:in father; e.g.
1797:click consonants
1789:
1786:
1779:
1776:
1769:
1766:
1757:
1752:
1749:
1742:
1739:
1732:
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1592:
1575:
1568:Click consonants
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1507:
1504:
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1486:
1483:
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1466:
1463:
1454:
1451:
1442:
1426:
1423:
1416:
1413:
1406:
1403:
1392:
1381:
1378:
1371:
1368:
1361:
1358:
1347:
1339:
1336:
1326:
1323:
1312:
1309:
1300:
1294:
1291:
1282:
1279:
1271:
1268:
1259:
1256:
1249:
1246:
1239:
1236:
1227:
1222:
1219:
1210:
1207:
1200:
1197:
1190:
1187:
1180:
1177:
1166:
1152:
1149:
1132:
1125:
1122:
1115:
1112:
1103:
1100:
1087:
1078:
1075:
1056:
1047:
1044:
1035:
1032:
1019:
1012:
1009:
1002:
999:
990:
987:
974:
962:
959:
948:
945:
936:
933:
924:
917:
914:
903:
900:
891:
888:
879:
872:
869:
858:
855:
846:
843:
834:
827:
824:
813:
810:
801:
798:
789:
782:
779:
768:
765:
756:
753:
744:
732:
729:
722:
719:
710:
707:
698:
695:
686:
679:
676:
669:
666:
657:
654:
645:
642:
633:
621:
616:
563:
537:Southern Ndebele
445:
444:
441:
440:
437:
434:
431:
428:
425:
422:
419:
416:
409:
403:Northern Ndebele
361:
313:
307:
297:
280:
273:
263:
262:
254:
244:
243:
235:
218:
216:
215:
190:
158:Northern Ndebele
133:Southern Bantoid
101:
80:Northern Ndebele
40:Northern Ndebele
37:
21:
5053:
5052:
5048:
5047:
5046:
5044:
5043:
5042:
5028:Nguni languages
5008:
5007:
5006:
5001:
4933:
4904:
4863:
4780:
4703:
4686:
4622:
4605:
4601:Botswana Herero
4576:
4481:
4417:
4407:Lomwe of Malawi
4358:
4317:
4265:
4212:
4183:
4160:
4156:Ngoni of Malawi
4094:
4087:Bantu languages
4083:
4053:
4048:
3975:
3896:
3872:
3867:
3837:
3828:
3777:
3741:
3715:
3658:
3592:
3590:
3588:
3574:
3555:
3534:
3489:
3474:Southern Sotho
3466:Northern Sotho
3443:
3413:
3390:
3385:
3355:
3350:
3314:
3288:
3197:
3192:
3145:
3132:
3123:
3112:
3106:
3093:
3090:
3088:Further reading
3085:
3084:
3042:
3041:
3037:
3028:
3026:
3017:
3016:
3009:
3004:
2995:
2987:
2978:
2970:
2963:
2956:
2955:
2951:
2946:
2939:
2931:
2927:
2922:
2918:
2913:
2909:
2902:
2889:
2888:
2884:
2872:
2870:
2861:
2860:
2856:
2844:
2842:
2833:
2832:
2828:
2813:
2800:
2799:
2795:
2787:
2783:
2777:
2766:
2759:
2749:
2748:
2744:
2739:
2691:
2684:
2677:
2672:
2670:
2667:
2655:
2621:
2606:
2580:
2565:
2555:is obligatory,
2334:Subject marker
2330:
2317:
2168:Bantu languages
2163:
2158:
1959:
1859:
1787:
1777:
1767:
1750:
1740:
1730:
1713:
1703:
1693:
1676:
1666:
1656:
1639:
1629:
1619:
1570:
1529:
1519:
1505:
1484:
1474:
1464:
1452:
1424:
1414:
1404:
1379:
1369:
1359:
1337:
1324:
1310:
1292:
1280:
1269:
1257:
1247:
1237:
1220:
1208:
1198:
1188:
1178:
1150:
1123:
1113:
1101:
1076:
1045:
1033:
1010:
1000:
988:
960:
946:
934:
915:
901:
889:
870:
856:
844:
825:
811:
799:
780:
766:
754:
730:
720:
708:
696:
677:
667:
655:
643:
596:
592:
584:
575:
558:
553:
545:Sotho languages
446:), also called
413:
407:
406:
339:Without proper
326:
324:
323:99-AUT-fk incl.
311:
308:
303:
293:
281:– North Ndebele
276:
269:
264:– North Ndebele
258:
257:
250:
245:– North Ndebele
239:
238:
231:
213:
211:
208:
201:Official status
191:
186:
180:
102:
99:Language family
97:
88:
87:Native speakers
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
5051:
5049:
5041:
5040:
5035:
5030:
5025:
5020:
5010:
5009:
5003:
5002:
5000:
4999:
4994:
4989:
4984:
4979:
4974:
4970:
4969:
4961:
4960:
4953:
4942:
4939:
4938:
4935:
4934:
4932:
4931:
4925:
4919:
4912:
4910:
4906:
4905:
4903:
4902:
4896:
4890:
4884:
4878:
4871:
4869:
4865:
4864:
4862:
4861:
4855:
4849:
4843:
4837:
4831:
4825:
4819:
4813:
4807:
4801:
4795:
4788:
4786:
4782:
4781:
4779:
4778:
4772:
4766:
4760:
4754:
4748:
4742:
4736:
4730:
4724:
4718:
4711:
4709:
4705:
4704:
4702:
4701:
4694:
4692:
4688:
4687:
4685:
4684:
4678:
4672:
4666:
4660:
4654:
4648:
4641:
4639:
4632:
4628:
4627:
4624:
4623:
4621:
4620:
4613:
4611:
4607:
4606:
4604:
4603:
4597:
4591:
4584:
4582:
4578:
4577:
4575:
4574:
4568:
4562:
4556:
4550:
4544:
4538:
4532:
4526:
4520:
4514:
4508:
4502:
4496:
4489:
4487:
4483:
4482:
4480:
4479:
4473:
4467:
4461:
4455:
4449:
4443:
4436:
4434:
4427:
4423:
4422:
4419:
4418:
4416:
4415:
4409:
4403:
4397:
4391:
4385:
4379:
4373:
4366:
4364:
4360:
4359:
4357:
4356:
4350:
4344:
4338:
4332:
4325:
4323:
4319:
4318:
4316:
4315:
4309:
4303:
4297:
4291:
4284:
4282:
4275:
4271:
4270:
4267:
4266:
4264:
4263:
4257:
4251:
4245:
4239:
4233:
4227:
4220:
4218:
4214:
4213:
4211:
4210:
4204:
4198:
4191:
4189:
4185:
4184:
4182:
4181:
4175:
4168:
4166:
4162:
4161:
4159:
4158:
4152:
4146:
4140:
4134:
4128:
4122:
4116:
4109:
4107:
4100:
4096:
4095:
4084:
4082:
4081:
4074:
4067:
4059:
4050:
4049:
4047:
4046:
4041:
4036:
4031:
4026:
4021:
4016:
4011:
4006:
4001:
3996:
3991:
3985:
3983:
3977:
3976:
3974:
3973:
3968:
3963:
3958:
3952:
3947:
3942:
3937:
3932:
3927:
3922:
3917:
3912:
3906:
3904:
3898:
3897:
3895:
3894:
3888:
3882:
3880:
3874:
3873:
3868:
3866:
3865:
3858:
3851:
3843:
3834:
3833:
3830:
3829:
3827:
3826:
3821:
3816:
3811:
3806:
3804:Pretoria Sotho
3801:
3796:
3794:Oorlams Creole
3791:
3785:
3783:
3779:
3778:
3776:
3775:
3768:
3762:
3760:
3751:
3747:
3746:
3743:
3742:
3740:
3739:
3734:
3729:
3723:
3721:
3717:
3716:
3714:
3713:
3708:
3703:
3698:
3692:
3687:
3682:
3677:
3672:
3666:
3664:
3660:
3659:
3657:
3656:
3651:
3646:
3641:
3636:
3631:
3626:
3621:
3616:
3611:
3605:
3603:
3596:
3584:
3583:
3580:
3579:
3576:
3575:
3573:
3572:
3563:
3561:
3557:
3556:
3554:
3553:
3544:
3542:
3536:
3535:
3533:
3532:
3524:
3516:
3508:
3499:
3497:
3491:
3490:
3488:
3487:
3479:
3471:
3462:
3460:
3451:
3449:Southern Bantu
3445:
3444:
3442:
3441:
3436:
3430:
3428:
3419:
3415:
3414:
3412:
3411:
3406:
3401:
3395:
3392:
3391:
3386:
3384:
3383:
3376:
3369:
3361:
3352:
3351:
3349:
3348:
3343:
3338:
3333:
3328:
3322:
3320:
3316:
3315:
3313:
3312:
3307:
3302:
3296:
3294:
3290:
3289:
3287:
3286:
3281:
3276:
3271:
3266:
3261:
3256:
3251:
3246:
3241:
3236:
3231:
3226:
3221:
3216:
3211:
3205:
3203:
3199:
3198:
3193:
3191:
3190:
3183:
3176:
3168:
3162:
3161:
3156:
3151:
3144:
3143:External links
3141:
3140:
3139:
3130:
3121:
3110:
3104:
3089:
3086:
3083:
3082:
3055:(2): 219–235.
3035:
3007:
2993:
2976:
2949:
2937:
2925:
2916:
2907:
2900:
2882:
2854:
2826:
2811:
2793:
2781:
2757:
2741:
2740:
2738:
2735:
2734:
2733:
2728:
2723:
2718:
2713:
2708:
2703:
2697:
2696:
2682:
2666:
2663:
2631:-pheka i-nyama
2607:
2581:
2566:
2563:
2562:
2557:object marking
2547:
2546:
2543:
2541:
2537:
2536:
2533:
2530:
2526:
2525:
2522:
2519:
2515:
2514:
2511:
2508:
2504:
2503:
2500:
2497:
2493:
2492:
2489:
2486:
2482:
2481:
2478:
2475:
2471:
2470:
2467:
2464:
2460:
2459:
2456:
2453:
2449:
2448:
2445:
2442:
2438:
2437:
2434:
2431:
2427:
2426:
2423:
2420:
2416:
2415:
2412:
2409:
2405:
2404:
2401:
2398:
2394:
2393:
2390:
2387:
2383:
2382:
2379:
2376:
2372:
2371:
2368:
2365:
2361:
2360:
2357:
2354:
2350:
2349:
2346:
2343:
2339:
2338:
2337:Object marker
2335:
2332:
2316:
2313:
2293:
2292:
2290:
2287:
2283:
2282:
2280:
2277:
2273:
2272:
2270:
2267:
2263:
2262:
2260:
2257:
2253:
2252:
2249:
2246:
2242:
2241:
2238:
2235:
2231:
2230:
2227:
2224:
2220:
2219:
2216:
2213:
2209:
2208:
2205:
2202:
2198:
2197:
2194:
2191:
2187:
2186:
2183:
2180:
2162:
2159:
2157:
2154:
2151:
2150:
2147:
2144:
2141:
2137:
2136:
2133:
2130:
2127:
2123:
2122:
2119:
2116:
2113:
2109:
2108:
2105:
2104:uKhukhulamungu
2102:
2099:
2095:
2094:
2091:
2088:
2085:
2081:
2080:
2077:
2074:
2071:
2067:
2066:
2063:
2060:
2057:
2053:
2052:
2049:
2046:
2043:
2039:
2038:
2035:
2032:
2029:
2025:
2024:
2021:
2018:
2015:
2011:
2010:
2007:
2004:
2001:
1997:
1996:
1993:
1990:
1987:
1983:
1982:
1979:
1978:(South Africa)
1973:
1970:
1958:
1955:
1954:
1953:
1948:in soon; e.g.
1939:
1934:in bone; e.g.
1925:
1911:
1897:
1858:
1855:
1791:
1790:
1780:
1770:
1760:
1754:
1753:
1743:
1733:
1723:
1717:
1716:
1706:
1696:
1686:
1680:
1679:
1669:
1659:
1649:
1643:
1642:
1632:
1622:
1612:
1607:
1601:
1600:
1595:
1589:
1588:
1583:
1581:Denti-alveolar
1578:
1569:
1566:
1537:
1536:
1534:
1532:
1522:
1512:
1510:
1508:
1498:
1492:
1491:
1489:
1487:
1477:
1467:
1457:
1455:
1445:
1440:
1434:
1433:
1431:
1429:
1427:
1417:
1407:
1397:
1395:
1389:
1388:
1386:
1384:
1382:
1372:
1362:
1352:
1350:
1344:
1343:
1341:
1329:
1327:
1317:
1315:
1313:
1303:
1297:
1296:
1284:
1272:
1262:
1260:
1250:
1240:
1230:
1228:voiced (depr.)
1224:
1223:
1213:
1211:
1201:
1191:
1181:
1171:
1169:
1164:
1158:
1157:
1155:
1153:
1143:
1141:
1139:
1137:
1135:
1129:
1128:
1126:
1116:
1106:
1104:
1094:
1092:
1090:
1084:
1083:
1081:
1079:
1069:
1067:
1065:
1063:
1061:
1053:
1052:
1050:
1048:
1038:
1036:
1026:
1024:
1022:
1016:
1015:
1013:
1003:
993:
991:
981:
979:
977:
972:
966:
965:
963:
953:
951:
949:
939:
937:
927:
921:
920:
918:
908:
906:
904:
894:
892:
882:
876:
875:
873:
863:
861:
859:
849:
847:
837:
831:
830:
828:
818:
816:
814:
804:
802:
792:
786:
785:
783:
773:
771:
769:
759:
757:
747:
742:
736:
735:
733:
723:
713:
711:
701:
699:
689:
683:
682:
680:
670:
660:
658:
648:
646:
636:
631:
625:
624:
619:
613:
612:
607:
600:
588:
578:
571:
566:
557:
554:
552:
549:
526:Cyril Nyembezi
470:spoken by the
468:Bantu language
390:
389:
386:
382:
381:
378:
374:
373:
370:
366:
365:
357:
356:
343:, you may see
329:
328:
321:
315:
314:
309:
302:
299:
298:
291:
283:
282:
274:
266:
265:
255:
247:
246:
236:
228:
227:
226:Language codes
223:
222:
209:
206:
203:
202:
198:
197:
192:
188:Writing system
185:
182:
181:
179:
178:
177:
176:
175:
174:
173:
172:
171:
170:
169:
168:
167:
166:
165:
164:
163:
162:
161:
160:
143:Southern Bantu
113:Atlantic–Congo
105:
103:
96:
93:
92:
89:
86:
83:
82:
77:
73:
72:
58:
54:
53:
47:
46:
42:
41:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
5050:
5039:
5036:
5034:
5031:
5029:
5026:
5024:
5023:Zulu language
5021:
5019:
5016:
5015:
5013:
4998:
4995:
4993:
4990:
4988:
4985:
4983:
4980:
4978:
4975:
4972:
4971:
4967:
4963:
4962:
4958:
4954:
4951:
4947:
4944:
4943:
4940:
4930:
4926:
4924:
4920:
4918:
4914:
4913:
4911:
4907:
4901:
4897:
4895:
4891:
4889:
4885:
4883:
4879:
4877:
4873:
4872:
4870:
4866:
4860:
4856:
4854:
4853:South Ndebele
4850:
4848:
4844:
4842:
4838:
4836:
4832:
4830:
4826:
4824:
4820:
4818:
4814:
4812:
4808:
4806:
4802:
4800:
4796:
4794:
4790:
4789:
4787:
4783:
4777:
4773:
4771:
4767:
4765:
4761:
4759:
4755:
4753:
4749:
4747:
4743:
4741:
4737:
4735:
4731:
4729:
4725:
4723:
4719:
4717:
4713:
4712:
4710:
4706:
4700:
4696:
4695:
4693:
4689:
4683:
4679:
4677:
4673:
4671:
4667:
4665:
4661:
4659:
4655:
4653:
4649:
4647:
4643:
4642:
4640:
4636:
4633:
4629:
4619:
4615:
4614:
4612:
4608:
4602:
4598:
4596:
4592:
4590:
4586:
4585:
4583:
4579:
4573:
4569:
4567:
4563:
4561:
4557:
4555:
4551:
4549:
4545:
4543:
4539:
4537:
4533:
4531:
4527:
4525:
4521:
4519:
4515:
4513:
4509:
4507:
4503:
4501:
4497:
4495:
4491:
4490:
4488:
4484:
4478:
4474:
4472:
4468:
4466:
4462:
4460:
4456:
4454:
4450:
4448:
4444:
4442:
4438:
4437:
4435:
4431:
4428:
4424:
4414:
4410:
4408:
4404:
4402:
4398:
4396:
4392:
4390:
4386:
4384:
4380:
4378:
4374:
4372:
4368:
4367:
4365:
4361:
4355:
4351:
4349:
4345:
4343:
4339:
4337:
4333:
4331:
4327:
4326:
4324:
4320:
4314:
4310:
4308:
4304:
4302:
4298:
4296:
4292:
4290:
4286:
4285:
4283:
4279:
4276:
4272:
4262:
4258:
4256:
4252:
4250:
4246:
4244:
4240:
4238:
4234:
4232:
4228:
4226:
4222:
4221:
4219:
4215:
4209:
4205:
4203:
4199:
4197:
4193:
4192:
4190:
4186:
4180:
4176:
4174:
4170:
4169:
4167:
4163:
4157:
4153:
4151:
4147:
4145:
4141:
4139:
4135:
4133:
4129:
4127:
4123:
4121:
4117:
4115:
4111:
4110:
4108:
4104:
4101:
4097:
4092:
4088:
4080:
4075:
4073:
4068:
4066:
4061:
4060:
4057:
4045:
4042:
4040:
4037:
4035:
4032:
4030:
4027:
4025:
4022:
4020:
4017:
4015:
4012:
4010:
4007:
4005:
4002:
4000:
3997:
3995:
3992:
3990:
3987:
3986:
3984:
3982:
3978:
3972:
3969:
3967:
3964:
3962:
3959:
3956:
3953:
3951:
3948:
3946:
3943:
3941:
3938:
3936:
3933:
3931:
3928:
3926:
3923:
3921:
3918:
3916:
3913:
3911:
3908:
3907:
3905:
3903:
3899:
3892:
3889:
3887:
3884:
3883:
3881:
3879:
3878:Indo-European
3875:
3871:
3864:
3859:
3857:
3852:
3850:
3845:
3844:
3841:
3825:
3822:
3820:
3817:
3815:
3812:
3810:
3807:
3805:
3802:
3800:
3797:
3795:
3792:
3790:
3787:
3786:
3784:
3780:
3774:
3773:
3769:
3767:
3764:
3763:
3761:
3759:
3755:
3752:
3748:
3738:
3735:
3733:
3730:
3728:
3725:
3724:
3722:
3718:
3712:
3709:
3707:
3704:
3702:
3699:
3696:
3693:
3691:
3688:
3686:
3683:
3681:
3678:
3676:
3673:
3671:
3668:
3667:
3665:
3661:
3655:
3652:
3650:
3647:
3645:
3642:
3640:
3637:
3635:
3632:
3630:
3627:
3625:
3622:
3620:
3617:
3615:
3612:
3610:
3607:
3606:
3604:
3600:
3597:
3595:
3585:
3571:
3570:
3565:
3564:
3562:
3558:
3552:
3551:
3546:
3545:
3543:
3541:
3537:
3531:
3530:
3525:
3523:
3522:
3517:
3515:
3514:
3509:
3507:
3506:
3501:
3500:
3498:
3496:
3492:
3486:
3485:
3480:
3478:
3477:
3472:
3470:
3469:
3464:
3463:
3461:
3459:
3455:
3452:
3450:
3446:
3440:
3437:
3435:
3432:
3431:
3429:
3427:
3426:West Germanic
3423:
3420:
3416:
3410:
3407:
3405:
3402:
3400:
3397:
3396:
3393:
3389:
3382:
3377:
3375:
3370:
3368:
3363:
3362:
3359:
3347:
3344:
3342:
3339:
3337:
3334:
3332:
3329:
3327:
3324:
3323:
3321:
3317:
3311:
3308:
3306:
3303:
3301:
3298:
3297:
3295:
3291:
3285:
3284:Zimbabwe Sign
3282:
3280:
3277:
3275:
3272:
3270:
3267:
3265:
3262:
3260:
3257:
3255:
3252:
3250:
3247:
3245:
3242:
3240:
3237:
3235:
3232:
3230:
3227:
3225:
3222:
3220:
3217:
3215:
3212:
3210:
3207:
3206:
3204:
3200:
3196:
3189:
3184:
3182:
3177:
3175:
3170:
3169:
3166:
3160:
3157:
3155:
3154:Speak Ndebele
3152:
3150:
3147:
3146:
3142:
3136:
3131:
3127:
3122:
3118:
3117:
3111:
3107:
3105:3-89586-465-X
3101:
3097:
3092:
3091:
3087:
3078:
3074:
3070:
3066:
3062:
3058:
3054:
3050:
3046:
3039:
3036:
3024:
3020:
3014:
3012:
3008:
3002:
3000:
2998:
2994:
2991:
2985:
2983:
2981:
2977:
2969:
2962:
2961:
2953:
2950:
2944:
2942:
2938:
2934:
2929:
2926:
2920:
2917:
2911:
2908:
2903:
2897:
2893:
2886:
2883:
2879:
2868:
2864:
2858:
2855:
2851:
2840:
2836:
2830:
2827:
2822:
2818:
2814:
2808:
2804:
2797:
2794:
2791:
2785:
2782:
2775:
2774:
2769:
2764:
2762:
2758:
2753:
2746:
2743:
2736:
2732:
2729:
2727:
2724:
2722:
2719:
2717:
2714:
2712:
2709:
2707:
2706:Zulu language
2704:
2702:
2699:
2698:
2694:
2688:
2683:
2680:
2679:Africa portal
2669:
2664:
2662:
2660:
2654:
2651:
2632:
2630:
2626:
2620:
2610:
2605:
2591:
2589:
2585:
2579:
2569:
2561:
2558:
2554:
2544:
2542:
2539:
2538:
2534:
2531:
2528:
2527:
2523:
2520:
2517:
2516:
2512:
2509:
2506:
2505:
2501:
2498:
2495:
2494:
2490:
2487:
2484:
2483:
2479:
2476:
2473:
2472:
2468:
2465:
2462:
2461:
2457:
2454:
2451:
2450:
2446:
2443:
2440:
2439:
2435:
2432:
2429:
2428:
2424:
2421:
2418:
2417:
2413:
2410:
2407:
2406:
2402:
2399:
2396:
2395:
2391:
2388:
2385:
2384:
2380:
2377:
2374:
2373:
2369:
2366:
2363:
2362:
2358:
2355:
2352:
2351:
2347:
2344:
2341:
2340:
2336:
2333:
2328:
2327:
2324:
2322:
2314:
2312:
2310:
2308:
2303:
2299:
2291:
2288:
2285:
2284:
2281:
2278:
2275:
2274:
2271:
2268:
2265:
2264:
2261:
2258:
2255:
2254:
2250:
2247:
2244:
2243:
2239:
2236:
2233:
2232:
2228:
2225:
2222:
2221:
2217:
2214:
2211:
2210:
2206:
2203:
2200:
2199:
2195:
2192:
2189:
2188:
2184:
2181:
2178:
2177:
2174:
2171:
2169:
2160:
2155:
2148:
2145:
2142:
2139:
2138:
2134:
2131:
2128:
2125:
2124:
2120:
2117:
2114:
2111:
2110:
2106:
2103:
2100:
2097:
2096:
2092:
2089:
2086:
2083:
2082:
2078:
2076:uVelabahlinze
2075:
2072:
2069:
2068:
2065:UNhlangulana
2064:
2061:
2058:
2055:
2054:
2050:
2047:
2044:
2041:
2040:
2036:
2033:
2030:
2027:
2026:
2022:
2019:
2016:
2013:
2012:
2008:
2005:
2002:
1999:
1998:
1994:
1991:
1988:
1985:
1984:
1980:
1977:
1974:
1971:
1968:
1967:
1964:
1963:
1956:
1951:
1947:
1943:
1940:
1937:
1933:
1929:
1926:
1923:
1920:in see; e.g.
1919:
1915:
1912:
1909:
1906:in bed; e.g.
1905:
1901:
1898:
1895:
1891:
1887:
1884:
1883:
1882:
1880:
1876:
1872:
1868:
1864:
1856:
1854:
1852:
1848:
1843:
1842:
1836:
1834:
1830:
1825:
1824:
1818:
1816:
1812:
1807:
1806:
1800:
1798:
1785:
1781:
1775:
1771:
1765:
1761:
1756:
1755:
1748:
1744:
1738:
1734:
1728:
1724:
1719:
1718:
1711:
1707:
1701:
1697:
1691:
1687:
1682:
1681:
1674:
1670:
1664:
1660:
1654:
1650:
1645:
1644:
1637:
1633:
1627:
1623:
1617:
1613:
1608:
1606:
1602:
1596:
1591:
1590:
1587:
1586:Post-alveolar
1582:
1576:
1567:
1565:
1562:
1560:
1556:
1552:
1548:
1544:
1535:
1533:
1527:
1523:
1517:
1513:
1511:
1509:
1503:
1499:
1494:
1493:
1490:
1488:
1482:
1478:
1472:
1468:
1462:
1458:
1456:
1450:
1446:
1441:
1439:
1435:
1432:
1430:
1428:
1422:
1418:
1412:
1408:
1402:
1398:
1396:
1391:
1390:
1387:
1385:
1383:
1377:
1373:
1367:
1363:
1357:
1353:
1351:
1346:
1345:
1342:
1335:
1330:
1328:
1322:
1318:
1316:
1314:
1308:
1304:
1299:
1298:
1290:
1285:
1278:
1273:
1267:
1263:
1261:
1255:
1251:
1245:
1241:
1235:
1231:
1226:
1225:
1218:
1214:
1212:
1206:
1202:
1196:
1192:
1186:
1182:
1176:
1172:
1170:
1165:
1163:
1159:
1156:
1154:
1148:
1144:
1142:
1140:
1138:
1136:
1131:
1130:
1127:
1121:
1117:
1111:
1107:
1105:
1099:
1095:
1093:
1091:
1086:
1085:
1082:
1080:
1074:
1070:
1068:
1066:
1064:
1062:
1059:
1055:
1054:
1051:
1049:
1043:
1039:
1037:
1031:
1027:
1025:
1023:
1018:
1017:
1014:
1008:
1004:
998:
994:
992:
986:
982:
980:
978:
973:
971:
967:
964:
958:
954:
952:
950:
944:
940:
938:
932:
928:
923:
922:
919:
913:
909:
907:
905:
899:
895:
893:
887:
883:
878:
877:
874:
868:
864:
862:
860:
854:
850:
848:
842:
838:
833:
832:
829:
823:
819:
817:
815:
809:
805:
803:
797:
793:
788:
787:
784:
778:
774:
772:
770:
764:
760:
758:
752:
748:
743:
741:
737:
734:
728:
724:
718:
714:
712:
706:
702:
700:
694:
690:
685:
684:
681:
675:
671:
665:
661:
659:
653:
649:
647:
641:
637:
632:
630:
626:
620:
615:
614:
611:
606:
605:
599:
594:
587:
582:
577:
570:
564:
555:
550:
548:
546:
542:
538:
533:
531:
527:
523:
519:
514:
512:
508:
504:
500:
496:
492:
488:
484:
479:
477:
473:
469:
465:
461:
460:North Ndebele
457:
453:
449:
443:
404:
396:
387:
383:
379:
375:
371:
367:
362:
354:
350:
346:
342:
338:
336:
330:
327:to 99-AUT-fkd
322:
320:
316:
310:
306:
300:
296:
292:
290:
289:
284:
279:
275:
272:
267:
261:
256:
253:
248:
242:
237:
234:
229:
224:
221:
210:
204:
199:
196:
193:
189:
183:
159:
156:
155:
154:
151:
150:
149:
146:
145:
144:
141:
140:
139:
136:
135:
134:
131:
130:
129:
126:
125:
124:
121:
120:
119:
116:
115:
114:
111:
110:
108:
104:
100:
94:
90:
84:
81:
78:
74:
70:
67:in Zimbabwe;
66:
62:
59:
55:
52:
48:
43:
38:
33:
19:
4945:
4810:
3949:
3770:
3697:(historical)
3643:
3568:
3549:
3528:
3520:
3512:
3505:(isiNdebele)
3504:
3483:
3475:
3467:
3458:Sotho–Tswana
3243:
3134:
3125:
3115:
3095:
3052:
3048:
3038:
3027:. Retrieved
3023:ling.auf.net
3022:
2989:
2988:Shenk, J.R.
2959:
2952:
2928:
2919:
2910:
2891:
2885:
2877:
2871:. Retrieved
2857:
2849:
2843:. Retrieved
2829:
2802:
2796:
2784:
2771:
2745:
2656:
2652:
2633:
2628:
2624:
2622:
2611:
2608:
2592:
2587:
2583:
2582:
2570:
2567:
2550:
2318:
2306:
2305:
2301:
2297:
2296:
2172:
2164:
2149:uZibandlela
1961:
1960:
1949:
1945:
1941:
1935:
1931:
1927:
1921:
1917:
1913:
1910:(in the air)
1907:
1903:
1899:
1893:
1889:
1885:
1878:
1874:
1870:
1866:
1862:
1860:
1850:
1846:
1840:
1839:
1837:
1832:
1828:
1822:
1821:
1819:
1814:
1810:
1804:
1803:
1801:
1794:
1563:
1558:
1554:
1550:
1546:
1542:
1540:
1348:prenasalized
880:prenasalized
603:
534:
515:
507:Zulu Kingdom
487:South Africa
480:
463:
459:
455:
451:
447:
402:
401:
332:
319:Linguasphere
305:Guthrie code
286:
195:Latin script
157:
50:
4261:Sena-Malawi
4019:ǂKxʼauǁʼein
3819:Angloromani
3758:LGBTQ slang
3569:(Tshivenḓa)
2196:aba-, abe-
2132:uSinyikhaba
2087:uNcwabakazi
2079:uNtulikazi
2062:uMgwengweni
2045:uNkwenkwezi
2009:uNhlolanja
1995:uMasingane
1992:uTjhirhweni
1989:uZibandlela
1938:(ancestors)
1849:(discuss),
522:Trevor Cope
347:instead of
123:Benue–Congo
118:Volta-Congo
107:Niger–Congo
71:in Botswana
5012:Categories
4841:Nhlangwini
4817:Old Mfengu
4758:Phalaborwa
4554:Dombondola
4289:Ndengereko
3957:(official)
3893:(official)
3690:Portuguese
3639:Nhlangwini
3602:Indigenous
3587:Recognised
3550:(Xitsonga)
3540:Tswa–Ronga
3521:(isiXhosa)
3484:(Setswana)
3346:Portuguese
3029:2020-12-04
2901:1779001371
2873:2017-07-04
2845:2017-07-04
2773:Ethnologue
2737:References
2659:pronominal
2623:U-Thabani
2540:reflexive
2375:2nd plur.
2364:1st plur.
2353:2nd sing.
2342:1st sing.
2311:(person).
2143:uMpalakazi
2073:uNtulikazi
2059:uNhlangula
2017:uMbimbitho
2006:uMhlolanja
2003:uNhlolanja
1896:(children)
1835:(finish).
556:Consonants
408:English:
388:isiNdebele
51:isiNdebele
4957:varieties
4948:indicate
4734:Khalaxadi
4566:Kwaluudhi
4542:Ndongwena
4512:Ngandyera
4144:Ndendeule
3930:Kgalagadi
3886:Afrikaans
3772:IsiNgqumo
3720:Religious
3529:(isiZulu)
3513:(siSwati)
3476:(Sesotho)
3434:Afrikaans
3077:145587448
3069:1607-3614
2821:755905987
2568:U-Thabani
2321:agreement
2300:replaces
2259:u-, ulu-
2226:i-, ili-
2182:Singular
2146:uNobayeni
2107:uMandulo
2101:uMpandula
2098:September
2048:uMrhayili
1894:abantwana
1831:(start),
1721:nasalized
1684:depressed
1647:aspirated
1496:depressed
1162:Fricative
1020:aspirated
970:Affricate
835:aspirated
687:depressed
551:Phonology
499:Mzilikazi
288:Glottolog
271:ISO 639-3
252:ISO 639-2
233:ISO 639-1
76:Ethnicity
4646:Korekore
4536:Mbalanhu
4494:Kwanyama
4208:Manganja
4009:Juǀʼhoan
3961:Tswapong
3940:Mbukushu
3925:Ikalanga
3799:Fanagalo
3737:Sanskrit
3680:Gujarati
3418:Official
3219:Chibarwe
2968:Archived
2892:Isikithi
2867:Archived
2839:Archived
2731:Bulawayo
2701:Matabele
2665:See also
2646:-cook A-
2638:Thabani
2140:December
2126:November
2121:uMfumfu
2093:UNcwaba
2090:uRhoboyi
2051:UNhlaba
2000:February
1957:Examples
1952:(person)
1853:(frog).
1438:Sonorant
975:ejective
745:ejective
593:alveolar
586:alveolar
569:Bilabial
491:Matabele
483:Zimbabwe
464:Matabele
385:Language
372:iNdebele
353:Help:IPA
295:nort2795
220:Zimbabwe
5018:Ndebele
4946:Italics
4900:Hlengwe
4682:Kalanga
4670:Karanga
4658:Manyika
4548:Kwankwa
4530:Mbandja
4453:Nyaneka
4441:Umbundu
4342:Makonde
4301:Matumbi
4237:Nyungwe
4173:Tumbuka
4126:Matengo
4085:Narrow
3981:Khoisan
3915:Gciriku
3891:English
3663:Foreign
3619:Khoisan
3548:Tsonga
3482:Tswana
3439:English
3341:Chinese
3331:Punjabi
3244:Ndebele
3224:Kalanga
3096:Ndebele
2768:Ndebele
2609:i-nyama
2578:Thabani
2560:etc.):
2414:-m(u)-
2392:-m(u)-
2329:Person/
2240:iz(i)-
2237:is(i)-
2215:um(u)-
2193:um(u)-
2185:Plural
2156:Grammar
2135:uLwezi
2118:uSewula
2115:uMfumfu
2112:October
2037:UMbasa
2031:uMabasa
2023:uNdasa
1986:January
1969:English
1936:okhokho
1908:emoyeni
1817:(ask).
1813:(end),
1598:lateral
1593:central
740:Plosive
622:lateral
617:central
610:Glottal
598:Palatal
511:Mfecane
497:leader
466:, is a
448:Ndebele
349:Unicode
128:Bantoid
61:Limpopo
4927:[S611
4898:[S511
4888:Tsonga
4882:Gwamba
4835:Phuthi
4815:[S401
4776:Pulana
4764:Kutswe
4756:[S301
4746:Lobedu
4728:Ngwatu
4722:Kgatla
4716:Tswana
4652:Zezuru
4631:Zone S
4593:[R311
4589:Herero
4560:Esinga
4518:Kafima
4516:[R211
4506:Kwambi
4500:Ndonga
4465:Kuvale
4463:[R101
4459:Khumbi
4447:Ndombe
4426:Zone R
4413:Moniga
4401:Sakati
4393:[P311
4354:Mabiha
4348:Ndonde
4313:Mbunga
4307:Ngindo
4274:Zone P
4259:[N441
4225:Nsenga
4196:Nyanja
4177:[N201
4142:[N101
4099:Zone N
3971:Zezuru
3955:Tswana
3945:Nambya
3935:Kuhane
3920:Herero
3809:Scamto
3732:Hebrew
3727:Arabic
3706:Telugu
3670:German
3649:Phuthi
3567:Venda
3519:Xhosa
3511:Swazi
3326:French
3269:Tswana
3264:Tsonga
3234:Nambya
3229:Koisan
3102:
3075:
3067:
2898:
2819:
2809:
2590:-pheka
2551:While
2348:-ngi-
2331:Class
2256:11/10
2251:iziN-
2201:1a/2a
2179:Class
2129:uLwezi
2084:August
2020:uNtaka
1950:umuntu
1924:(help)
1857:Vowels
1829:qalisa
1610:tenuis
1549:, and
1058:voiced
790:voiced
581:Dental
576:dental
574:Labio-
377:People
369:Person
217:
57:Region
4929:Lenge
4923:Tonga
4894:Ronga
4857:S408
4851:S407
4845:S406
4839:S405
4833:S404
4829:Hlubi
4827:S403
4823:Bhaca
4821:S402
4805:Swati
4793:Xhosa
4774:S304
4768:S303
4762:S302
4752:Sotho
4744:S32b
4738:S32a
4732:S31d
4726:S31c
4720:S31b
4714:S31a
4699:Venda
4662:S13b
4656:S13a
4599:R312
4570:R242
4564:R241
4558:R218
4552:R217
4546:R216
4540:R215
4534:R214
4528:R213
4524:Evale
4522:R212
4477:Mbali
4475:R103
4471:Kwisi
4469:R102
4411:P341
4405:P331
4399:P312
4389:Cuabo
4383:Ngulu
4377:Lomwe
4371:Makua
4336:Mwera
4295:Ruihi
4255:Podzo
4231:Kunda
4206:N31c
4200:N31b
4194:N31a
4154:N121
4150:Nindi
4148:N102
4138:Tonga
4132:Mpoto
4120:Ngoni
4114:Manda
4044:Tshwa
3994:Gǁana
3910:Birwa
3902:Bantu
3824:Kaaps
3782:Other
3766:Gayle
3750:Other
3701:Tamil
3695:Malay
3685:Hindi
3675:Greek
3609:Bhaca
3560:Venda
3527:Zulu
3495:Nguni
3336:Hindi
3300:Kunda
3279:Xhosa
3274:Venda
3259:Tonga
3254:Sotho
3249:Shona
3214:Chewa
3073:S2CID
2971:(PDF)
2964:(PDF)
2642:-FUT-
2604:-cook
2545:-zi-
2535:-ku-
2524:-ku-
2513:-bu-
2502:-lu-
2491:-zi-
2480:-yi-
2469:-zi-
2458:-si-
2447:-wa-
2436:-li-
2425:-yi-
2403:-ba-
2381:-li-
2370:-si-
2359:-wu-
2345:ngi-
2315:Verbs
2289:uku-
2279:uku-
2245:9/10
2229:ama-
2218:imi-
2161:Nouns
2028:April
2014:March
1851:ixoxo
1605:Click
1443:plain
1167:plain
634:plain
629:Nasal
604:Velar
591:Post-
503:Shaka
476:Nguni
153:Zunda
148:Nguni
138:Bantu
4964:The
4921:S62
4917:Copi
4915:S61
4892:S54
4886:S53
4880:S52
4876:Tswa
4874:S51
4847:Lala
4809:S44
4803:S43
4799:Zulu
4797:S42
4791:S41
4750:S33
4740:Pedi
4697:S21
4680:S16
4676:Ndau
4674:S15
4668:S14
4664:Tebe
4650:S12
4644:S11
4616:R41
4587:R31
4510:R24
4504:R23
4498:R22
4492:R21
4457:R14
4451:R13
4445:R12
4439:R11
4395:Koti
4387:P34
4381:P33
4375:P32
4369:P31
4352:P25
4346:P24
4340:P23
4334:P22
4328:P21
4311:P15
4305:P14
4299:P13
4293:P12
4287:P11
4253:N46
4247:N45
4243:Sena
4241:N44
4235:N43
4229:N42
4223:N41
4202:Cewa
4171:N21
4136:N15
4130:N14
4124:N13
4118:N12
4112:N11
4039:Taʼa
4034:Shua
4029:Naro
4024:Nama
4014:Khwe
4004:ǂHõã
3999:Gǀwi
3989:ǁAni
3966:Yeyi
3711:Urdu
3634:Nama
3629:Lozi
3624:Lala
3614:Khoe
3310:Lozi
3305:Tswa
3239:Ndau
3100:ISBN
3065:ISSN
2896:ISBN
2817:OCLC
2807:ISBN
2650:meat
2627:-za-
2619:meat
2586:-za-
2532:ku-
2521:ku-
2510:bu-
2499:lu-
2488:zi-
2466:zi-
2455:si-
2433:li-
2400:ba-
2378:li-
2367:si-
2298:umu-
2248:iN-
2234:7/8
2223:5/6
2212:3/4
2190:1/2
2070:July
2056:June
1922:siza
1847:xoxa
1833:qeda
1815:cela
1811:cina
1557:and
1120:ᵑkxʼ
1110:ᶮtʃʼ
1098:ⁿtsʼ
524:and
518:Zulu
495:Zulu
312:S.44
4909:S60
4868:S50
4785:S40
4770:Pai
4708:S30
4691:S20
4638:S10
4618:Yei
4610:R40
4581:R30
4486:R20
4433:R10
4363:P30
4330:Yao
4322:P20
4281:P10
4249:Rue
4217:N40
4188:N30
4165:N20
4106:N10
3654:Tuu
3057:doi
2770:at
2598:FUT
2564:ex:
2529:17
2518:15
2507:14
2496:11
2485:10
2477:i-
2444:a-
2422:i-
2411:u-
2389:u-
2356:u-
2309:ntu
2307:umu
2302:um-
2286:17
2276:15
2266:14
2207:o-
2204:u-
2042:May
1784:ŋǁʱ
1774:ŋ!ʱ
1764:ŋǀʱ
1710:ɡǁʱ
1700:ɡ!ʱ
1690:ɡǀʱ
1673:kǁʰ
1663:k!ʰ
1653:kǀʰ
1147:ᶮdʒ
1042:tʃʰ
1030:tsʰ
1007:kxʼ
997:tʃʼ
985:tsʼ
458:or
335:IPA
278:nde
260:nde
5014::
3071:.
3063:.
3053:30
3051:.
3047:.
3021:.
3010:^
2996:^
2979:^
2966:.
2940:^
2876:.
2848:.
2815:.
2760:^
2644:9o
2640:1s
2634:A-
2629:yi
2602:9o
2594:1s
2588:yi
2474:9
2463:8
2452:7
2441:6
2430:5
2419:4
2408:3
2397:2
2386:1
2170:.
1946:oo
1918:ee
1881:.
1877:,
1873:,
1869:,
1865:,
1799:.
1747:ŋǁ
1737:ŋ!
1727:ŋǀ
1636:kǁ
1626:k!
1616:kǀ
1545:,
1526:jʱ
1516:lʱ
1502:wʱ
1421:ⁿɮ
1411:ⁿz
1401:ᶬv
1376:ⁿɬ
1366:ⁿs
1356:ᶬf
1340:)
1295:)
1283:)
1277:ɣʱ
1266:ʒʱ
1254:zʱ
1244:vʱ
1234:βʱ
1073:dʒ
957:ᵑɡ
943:ⁿd
931:ᵐb
912:ᵑk
898:ⁿt
886:ᵐp
867:kʰ
853:tʰ
841:pʰ
777:kʼ
763:tʼ
751:pʼ
727:ŋʱ
717:ɲʱ
705:nʱ
693:mʱ
547:.
454:,
450:,
439:iː
433:iː
241:nd
109:?
63:,
4952:.
4093:)
4078:e
4071:t
4064:v
3862:e
3855:t
3848:v
3380:e
3373:t
3366:v
3187:e
3180:t
3173:v
3108:.
3079:.
3059::
3032:.
2904:.
2823:.
2648:9
2636:1
2625:u
2617:9
2615:-
2613:A
2600:-
2596:-
2584:u
2576:1
2574:-
2572:A
1942:u
1932:o
1928:o
1914:i
1904:e
1900:e
1890:a
1886:a
1879:u
1875:o
1871:i
1867:e
1863:a
1841:x
1823:q
1805:c
1559:h
1555:k
1551:n
1547:d
1543:t
1481:j
1471:l
1461:r
1449:w
1334:ɣ
1331:(
1321:ɮ
1307:β
1289:ɦ
1286:(
1274:(
1217:h
1205:ʃ
1195:ɬ
1185:s
1175:f
822:ɡ
808:d
796:b
674:ŋ
664:ɲ
652:n
640:m
595:/
583:/
442:/
436:l
430:b
427:ˈ
424:ə
421:d
418:n
415:ɛ
412:/
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20:)
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