73:
56:
3196:
3013:
2665:
1727:
6581:
6591:
2429:
6601:
3301:
2941:
2040:
3061:
2243:
2545:
3287:
2140:. Xerxes had built himself a throne on the coast in order to see the Greeks defeated. Instead, the Persians were routed. Sparta's hegemony was passing to Athens, and it was Athens that took the war to Asia Minor. The victories enabled it to bring most of the Aegean and many other parts of Greece together in the
1988:, but considering Cleisthenes' motivation for using the people to gain power, as without their support, he would have been defeated, and so Athenian democracy may be tainted by the fact its creation served greatly the man who created it. The reforms of Cleisthenes replaced the traditional four Ionic "tribes" (
2185:. He fostered arts and literature and gave to Athens a splendor which would never return throughout its history. He executed a large number of public works projects and improved the life of the citizens. Hence, this period is often referred to as "Age of Pericles." Silver mined in
2590:. The entire circuit of the walls was 174.5 stadia (nearly 22 miles, 35 km), of which 43 stadia (5.5 miles, 9 km) belonged to the city, 75 stadia (9.5 miles, 15 km) to the long walls, and 56.5 stadia (7 miles, 11 km) to Piraeus, Munichia, and Phalerum.
1992:) with ten new ones, named after legendary heroes of Greece and having no class basis, which acted as electorates. Each tribe was in turn divided into three trittyes (one from the coast; one from the city and one from the inland divisions), while each
72:
2031:
or
Ecclesia was open to all full citizens and was both a legislature and a supreme court, except in murder cases and religious matters, which became the only remaining functions of the Areopagus. Most offices were filled by lot, although the ten
2131:
as their base of operations, and entered southern Greece. That forced the
Athenians to evacuate Athens, which was taken by the Persians, and seek the protection of their fleet. Subsequently, the Athenians and their allies, led by
2493:, it contained more than 10,000 houses, which at a rate of 12 inhabitants to a house would give a population of 120,000, though some writers make the inhabitants as many as 180,000. Athens consisted of two distinct parts:
2489:, in whose time (461–429 BC) it reached its greatest splendour. Its beauty was chiefly due to its public buildings, for the private houses were mostly insignificant, and its streets badly laid out. Towards the end of the
2691:, was a steep rock in the middle of the city, about 50 meters high, 350 meters long, and 150 meters wide; its sides were naturally scarped on all sides except the west end. It was originally surrounded by an ancient
2059:
contributed significantly to the development of Athens in the 5th century BC, when the
Athenians learned to prospect, treat, and refine the ore and used the proceeds to build a massive fleet, at the instigation of
2273:, brought about because of its poor handling of the war, but it was quickly restored. The war ended with the complete defeat of Athens in 404. Since the defeat was largely blamed on democratic politicians such as
2468:
to the north, the latter of which flowed through the town. The walled city measured about 1.5 km (0.93 mi) in diameter, although at its peak the city had suburbs extending well beyond these walls. The
1983:
led a
Spartan force to overthrow Hippias, which succeeded, and instated an oligarchy. Cleisthenes disliked the Spartan rule, along with many other Athenians, and so made his own bid for power. The result was
2779:
The lower city was built in the plain around the
Acropolis, but this plain also contained several hills, especially in the southwest part. On the west side the walls embraced the Hill of the Nymphs and the
1970:
in about 514, Hippias took on sole rule, and in response to the loss of his brother, became a worse leader who was increasingly disliked. Hippias exiled 700 of the
Athenian noble families, amongst them
6637:
2873:", west of the Acropolis, which gave its name to the celebrated council that held its sittings there, was accessible on the south side by a flight of steps cut out of the rock.
2801:, or "Potter's Quarter", in the west of the city, extending north as far as the Dipylon gate, by which it was separated from the outer Kerameikos; the Kerameikos contained the
7333:
2626:. The Piraean Gate, between the Pnyx and the Mouseion, leading to the carriage road between the Long Walls to the Piraeus. The Melitian Gate, so called because it led to the
2119:
against the 100,000–250,000 army of Xerxes, during which
Leonidas and 300 other Spartan elites were killed. Simultaneously the Athenians led an indecisive naval battle off
7323:
3728:
1755:
55:
6926:
1932:, largely due to the impact of its cultural and political achievements during the 5th and 4th centuries BC on the rest of the then-known European continent.
2729:. The summit of the Acropolis was covered with temples, statues of bronze and marble, and various other works of art. Of the temples, the grandest was the
3275:
and other great monuments of classical Athens. The city became, in
Pericles's words, an education for Hellas (usually quoted as "the school of Hellas .")
6630:
5328:
2982:, or temple of the mother of the gods, on the west side of the Agora. Besides these, there was a vast number of other temples in all parts of the city.
3129:, northwest of the city, was the finest suburb of Athens; here were buried the Athenians who had fallen in war, and at the further end of it was the
1312:
7136:
7116:
3545:
7080:
456:
3211:
The period from the end of the
Persian Wars to the Macedonian conquest marked the zenith of Athens as a center of literature, philosophy (see
1861:. This system remained remarkably stable, and with a few brief interruptions, it remained in place for 180 years, until 322 BC (aftermath of
6623:
1463:
1403:
4716:
1979:
always to tell visiting
Spartans that they should invade Attica and overthrow Hippias. That supposedly worked after a number of times, and
1536:
3024:: or Colonnades, supported by pillars, and used as places of resort in the heat of the day, of which there were several in Athens. In the
2391:, effectively limiting Athenian independence. During the winter of 338–37 BC Macedonia, Athens and other Greek states became part of the
1453:
3721:
1748:
1606:
1232:
923:
3498:
1433:
5338:
5028:
4721:
4655:
3672:
3643:
3219:). Some of the most important figures of Western cultural and intellectual history lived in Athens during this period: the dramatists
1623:
893:
1966:, had ruled Athens jointly with his brother, Hipparchus, from the death of Peisistratus in about 527. Following the assassination of
4726:
4701:
3456:
2633:
On the South side: the Gate of the Dead in the neighbourhood of the Mouseion. The Itonian Gate, near the Ilissos, where the road to
1713:
1178:
963:
2161:– an Athenian general, politician and orator – distinguished himself above the other personalities of the era, men who excelled in
7274:
2960:, southeast of the Acropolis, near the Ilissos and the fountain Callirrhoë, which was long unfinished, and was first completed by
6919:
6535:
5284:
4711:
4706:
3469:
2957:
1581:
1493:
1252:
5178:
5038:
5033:
4310:
1967:
351:
326:
6562:
5203:
3714:
1741:
587:
6114:
2578:
long (4.5 miles, 7 km), running parallel to each other, with a narrow passage between them and, furthermore, a wall to
2083:). That provoked two Persian invasions of Greece, both of which were repelled under the leadership of the soldier-statesmen
1508:
6557:
5607:
5123:
5043:
4741:
4451:
1488:
878:
6530:
5059:
4513:
2388:
1959:
1920:, and many other prominent philosophers, writers, and politicians of the ancient world. It is widely referred to as the
1703:
1666:
1586:
1546:
1448:
1443:
7191:
7161:
7062:
2258:
in 431, which pitted Athens and her increasingly rebellious sea empire against a coalition of land-based states led by
7085:
6912:
6878:
5585:
5193:
5069:
4731:
4685:
4640:
4416:
4105:
2563:
The city was surrounded by defensive walls from the Bronze Age and they were rebuilt and extended over the centuries.
2346:
1438:
7146:
6124:
2771:, or the "Fighter in the Front", whose helmet and spear was the first object on the Acropolis visible from the sea.
2266:. The war between Athens and the city-state Sparta ended with an Athenian defeat after Sparta started its own navy.
77:
Delian League ("Athenian Empire") shown in yellow, Athenian territory shown in red, situation in 431 BC, before the
7343:
6246:
6119:
5252:
5247:
5223:
5133:
4650:
3748:
3140:
3084:, close to the theatre of Dionysius, on the southeast slope of the Acropolis. The large odeon surviving today, the
3080:, for contests in vocal and instrumental music, an ancient one near the fountain Callirrhoë, and a second built by
2457:
2247:
1541:
1242:
913:
7313:
7004:
6818:
6604:
6547:
5503:
5306:
5291:
5213:
5148:
4617:
4468:
4363:
3837:
3771:
3348:
2885:
2028:
2024:
1551:
1518:
1418:
1413:
1083:
700:
174:
7121:
2586:
seems to have been confined to the two leading to the Piraeus, while the one leading to Phalerum was called the
6783:
6703:
5301:
5264:
5198:
4864:
4751:
3413:
3182:
3085:
2582:
on the east, 35 stadia long (4 miles, 6.5 km). There were therefore three long walls in all; but the name
2575:
2449:
1576:
1571:
1566:
1468:
1043:
446:
6966:
2123:. However, that delaying action was not enough to discourage the Persian advance, which soon marched through
823:
2301:
Sparta's former allies soon turned against her due to her imperialist policies, and Athens's former enemies,
7338:
7014:
6584:
5708:
5508:
5493:
5296:
5279:
5259:
5228:
5128:
5064:
4680:
4665:
4635:
4596:
4473:
4325:
3827:
3025:
2969:
2921:
2910:
2802:
2437:
2270:
2237:
1954:
1601:
1591:
1556:
1272:
918:
509:
421:
7196:
7055:
7239:
7221:
6542:
5545:
5316:
5274:
5208:
5173:
4625:
4609:
4305:
4246:
4095:
4090:
2415:). Athens remained a wealthy city with a brilliant cultural life, but ceased to be an independent power.
2330:
2008:
1921:
1773:
1611:
1596:
1128:
1063:
725:
612:
602:
243:
170:
110:
38:
7243:
7235:
7185:
7177:
6935:
6793:
6748:
6728:
6688:
6594:
5823:
5813:
5803:
5788:
5478:
5218:
5188:
5143:
5138:
4769:
4736:
4538:
4443:
4429:
4085:
3956:
3920:
3333:
3148:
2726:
2278:
2116:
2096:
2084:
1656:
1478:
1292:
1173:
785:
765:
675:
519:
401:
3524:
3076:, on the southeast slope of the Acropolis, was the great theatre of the state. Besides this there were
367:
3553:
1975:' family, the Alchmaeonids. Upon their exile, they went to Delphi, and Herodotus says they bribed the
7181:
7173:
7108:
6961:
6693:
6066:
6060:
6046:
5530:
5488:
5460:
5345:
5158:
4388:
4184:
3353:
2965:
2945:
2925:
2533:
2384:
2120:
1842:
1641:
1383:
1322:
685:
607:
514:
481:
3195:
2889:(assemblies) of the people were held in earlier times, for afterwards the people usually met in the
7009:
6951:
6888:
6788:
6197:
6167:
5555:
5450:
5445:
4882:
4197:
4110:
4080:
4034:
3797:
3095:
3073:
3065:
2917:
2890:
2680:
2669:
2501:
2470:
2433:
2412:
2396:
2366:
1950:
1616:
1561:
1483:
1393:
1359:
1282:
795:
577:
567:
562:
451:
184:
6590:
2805:, or "market-place", the only one in the city, lying northwest of the Acropolis, and north of the
853:
7095:
6994:
6843:
6813:
6414:
6311:
6217:
5861:
5778:
5666:
5168:
4992:
4508:
4488:
4345:
4216:
4100:
3895:
3822:
3186:
3049:
2474:
2370:
2310:
2263:
2108:
2104:
1985:
1946:
1901:
1846:
1697:
1671:
1513:
1503:
1473:
1428:
1373:
1222:
1163:
938:
572:
204:
120:
7206:
7029:
7019:
6489:
6076:
5625:
5473:
5425:
5269:
5238:
5183:
5100:
4977:
4849:
4670:
4503:
4456:
4396:
4270:
4252:
4228:
4210:
4120:
4115:
3766:
3668:
3639:
3452:
3260:
3099:
2700:
2692:
2664:
2490:
2465:
2392:
2374:
2362:
2338:
2255:
2231:
2211:
2210:, in 445 BC; a post he held continuously until his death in 429 BC, always by election of the
2137:
2076:
1834:
1708:
1681:
1458:
1398:
1378:
1262:
1033:
978:
943:
695:
592:
380:
344:
78:
20:
3449:
7261:
7231:
7216:
7141:
7070:
6986:
6971:
6808:
6768:
6419:
5951:
5916:
5733:
5590:
5468:
5355:
5350:
4675:
4630:
4461:
4368:
3817:
3802:
3792:
3502:
3383:
3328:
3212:
3130:
3077:
3033:
3012:
2768:
2715:. On the west end of the Acropolis, where access is alone practicable, were the magnificent
2611:
2453:
2056:
2016:
1893:
1877:
1854:
1804:
1691:
1651:
1202:
1108:
1023:
1008:
993:
933:
903:
833:
740:
735:
710:
617:
597:
582:
441:
187:
127:
6459:
2281:, there was a brief reaction against democracy, aided by the Spartan army (the rule of the
2250:
in Athens, with Apollo and Athena on their columns, and Socrates and Plato seated in front.
7328:
7318:
7169:
7050:
6434:
6192:
5980:
5793:
5535:
5401:
5333:
4660:
4258:
4240:
4148:
4125:
3999:
3910:
3870:
3807:
3318:
3178:
2845:
2816:
2189:
in southeastern Attica contributed greatly to the prosperity of this Athenian Golden Age.
2153:
1925:
1870:
1731:
1423:
1408:
1048:
928:
888:
863:
843:
790:
775:
627:
622:
491:
486:
476:
431:
406:
297:
828:
655:
7151:
7039:
7034:
6943:
6316:
6256:
6251:
6207:
5988:
5936:
5926:
5906:
5896:
5640:
5635:
5630:
5115:
5095:
4483:
4293:
4282:
4276:
4264:
4064:
4039:
3951:
3812:
3737:
3292:
3029:
2973:
2673:
2342:
2334:
2318:
2302:
2286:
2282:
2128:
2048:
2012:
1808:
1795:
1784:
1661:
1388:
1354:
1153:
1143:
1098:
1058:
1053:
998:
988:
983:
968:
953:
898:
883:
868:
858:
770:
670:
660:
650:
230:
3610:
3477:
2842:
Limnai, a district east of Melite and Kollytos, between the Acropolis and the Ilissos.
1726:
7307:
7249:
6999:
6976:
6956:
6552:
6469:
6444:
6134:
6056:
5738:
5681:
5580:
5570:
5540:
5522:
5396:
4548:
4330:
4222:
4178:
4140:
3979:
3900:
3661:
3425:
3306:
3216:
3190:
2201:
2141:
2080:
1830:
1498:
1332:
1302:
1212:
1118:
1113:
1088:
1068:
908:
780:
755:
730:
715:
705:
690:
645:
539:
411:
387:
331:
217:
61:
7211:
7201:
7044:
6863:
6369:
6321:
6187:
6041:
5911:
5550:
5386:
4892:
4854:
4553:
3403:
3393:
3338:
3224:
3106:
3044:
3038:
2986:
2478:
2170:
2133:
2092:
2088:
2061:
1963:
1913:
1787:
1168:
1148:
1133:
1093:
1078:
1038:
973:
958:
848:
750:
416:
2767:, the daughter of Cecrops. Between the Parthenon and Erechtheion was the colossal
2428:
3098:, south of the Ilissos, in the district Agrai, where the athletic portion of the
2703:
only the north part of this wall remained, and this portion was still called the
7226:
7156:
7131:
7126:
7075:
6873:
6853:
6763:
6723:
6713:
6389:
6281:
6261:
6094:
6089:
5597:
5575:
5565:
5560:
5483:
5440:
4987:
4897:
4887:
4774:
4764:
4528:
3905:
3880:
3204:
3151:
3089:
2940:
2823:
2759:
2741:
2615:
2511:, also surrounded with walls by Themistocles and connected to the city with the
2350:
2290:
2039:
2020:
1980:
1972:
1850:
1646:
1183:
1123:
1073:
1018:
813:
745:
471:
466:
200:
100:
6615:
3060:
7103:
7024:
6893:
6868:
6803:
6798:
6753:
6668:
6326:
6296:
6291:
6276:
6162:
6129:
5798:
5768:
5435:
5163:
4997:
4839:
4834:
4824:
4809:
4794:
4784:
4759:
4135:
3890:
3845:
3418:
3378:
3282:
3252:
3136:
3126:
3053:
3001:
2993:
2849:
2798:
2754:
2696:
2645:
2607:
2567:
2557:
2539:
2512:
2408:
2404:
2182:
2166:
2072:
1885:
1862:
1818:
1686:
1676:
1138:
1103:
1028:
1013:
948:
873:
818:
720:
665:
544:
529:
256:
7289:
7276:
3271:, who used the tribute paid by the members of the Delian League to build the
2848:, a district in the east of the city, near the gate of the same name and the
2399:, widened Greek horizons and made the traditional Greek city state obsolete.
2000:, depending on their population, which became the basis of local government.
6828:
6823:
6778:
6773:
6708:
6683:
6673:
6663:
6658:
6301:
6227:
6212:
6182:
6177:
6109:
6033:
6018:
6003:
5946:
5846:
5498:
5430:
5002:
4982:
4952:
4947:
4942:
4907:
4902:
4872:
4819:
4779:
4558:
4424:
4378:
4358:
4165:
3989:
3860:
3323:
3272:
3248:
3236:
3232:
3228:
3220:
3165:
3005:
2866:
2806:
2764:
2731:
2717:
2688:
2400:
2322:
2242:
2215:
2206:
2193:
2174:
2033:
2004:
1929:
1917:
1897:
1158:
838:
534:
426:
2896:
The Mouseion, "the Hill of the Muses", south of the Pnyx and the Areopagus.
2544:
3595:
Sommerstein, A.H.; S. Halliwell; J. Henderson; B. Zimmerman, eds. (1993).
2622:
began. The Knight's Gate, probably between the Hill of the Nymphs and the
6883:
6838:
6758:
6698:
6678:
6351:
6341:
6331:
6306:
6172:
6104:
6084:
6051:
6013:
5956:
5871:
5856:
5713:
5703:
5620:
5615:
5012:
5007:
4967:
4962:
4937:
4917:
4844:
4799:
4789:
4645:
4543:
4478:
4406:
4014:
3368:
3268:
3256:
3244:
3200:
3144:
3081:
2833:, in the southern part of the city, south and southwest of the Acropolis.
2830:
2722:
2652:
2634:
2579:
2553:
2520:
2486:
2197:
2162:
2158:
2112:
2100:
2044:
1909:
1905:
1866:
1858:
1003:
760:
524:
461:
146:
3139:, east of the city, across the Ilissos, reached from the Diomea gate, a
2473:
was just south of the centre of this walled area. The city was burnt by
6848:
6743:
6738:
6494:
6484:
6439:
6429:
6424:
6409:
6399:
6384:
6379:
6266:
6154:
6144:
6023:
5998:
5993:
5966:
5961:
5941:
5931:
5921:
5886:
5876:
5866:
5818:
5808:
5783:
5753:
5748:
5743:
5718:
5371:
5153:
4814:
4804:
4563:
4533:
4523:
4518:
4498:
4493:
4373:
4320:
4234:
4029:
4019:
4009:
4004:
3994:
3373:
3363:
3264:
3042:, or Colonnade of Zeus Eleutherios, on the west side of the Agora; the
2978:
2961:
2785:
2619:
2603:
2571:
2549:
2508:
2461:
2380:
2326:
2306:
2186:
2178:
2124:
1993:
436:
6904:
6833:
6464:
6394:
6374:
6336:
6202:
6008:
5901:
5838:
5828:
5773:
5391:
5376:
4972:
4957:
4932:
4927:
4912:
4573:
4568:
4335:
4315:
4059:
4049:
4044:
3915:
3875:
3865:
3850:
3161:
3157:
3111:
2949:
2736:
2641:
2445:
2314:
2259:
2219:
2204:
by personal enemies, Pericles stepped in and was elected general, or
1976:
1881:
1838:
1826:
1822:
680:
90:
3446:
Democracy and knowledge: innovation and learning in classical Athens
2383:
was becoming dominant in Athenian affairs. In 338 BC the armies of
6858:
6733:
6718:
6474:
6449:
6346:
6286:
6271:
6139:
6099:
5851:
5763:
5758:
5728:
5723:
5698:
5381:
4922:
4877:
4829:
4401:
4353:
4054:
4024:
3971:
3946:
3885:
3855:
3388:
3240:
3194:
3059:
3011:
2997:
2939:
2836:
2708:
2663:
2516:
2482:
2274:
2241:
2068:
2038:
1989:
1889:
1813:
3706:
2996:, a round building close to the Bouleuterion, built c. 470 BC by
2826:, in the northern part of the city, east of the inner Kerameikos.
6479:
6454:
6404:
5891:
5881:
3021:
2880:
2870:
2813:
2781:
2627:
2623:
2341:. However, other Greek cities, including Athens, turned against
2254:
Resentment by other cities at the hegemony of Athens led to the
1997:
6908:
6619:
6519:
5661:
5090:
4594:
3941:
3761:
3710:
3048:, so called because it was adorned with fresco painting of the
2606:, the most frequented gate of the city, leading from the inner
2099:, prevented the first invasion of the Persians, guided by king
2011:, the council that governed Athens on a day-to-day basis. The
2931:
The Street of the Tripods, on the east side of the Acropolis.
2883:, a semicircular hill, southwest of the Areopagus, where the
32:
2916:
The Panathenaic Way, which led from the Dipylon gate to the
2598:
There were many gates, among the more important there were:
2504:, and The Lower City, surrounded with walls by Themistocles.
2477:
in 480 BC, but was soon rebuilt under the administration of
2321:
of 395–387 BC. In 378, the attempt of the Spartan commander
2909:
The Piraean Street, which led from the Piraean gate to the
2651:
On the North side: the Acharnian Gate, leading to the deme
2297:
Corinthian War and the Second Athenian League (395–355 BC)
2819:, in the west of the city, south of the inner Kerameikos.
2313:, Thebes and Corinth, allied with Athens, fought against
3109:(mint) appears to have been in or adjoining the chapel (
2640:
On the East side: the Gate of Diochares, leading to the
2222:, was constructed under the administration of Pericles.
2379:
By mid century, however, the northern Greek kingdom of
1811:(480–323 BC) was the major urban centre of the notable
2924:, along which a solemn procession was made during the
1360:
3525:"Ancient History in depth: The Democratic Experiment"
2500:, properly so called, divided into The Upper City or
2403:
dissolved the Athenian government and established a
7094:
6985:
6942:
6360:
6237:
6226:
6153:
6075:
6032:
5979:
5837:
5689:
5680:
5606:
5521:
5459:
5414:
5364:
5315:
5237:
5114:
5052:
5021:
4863:
4750:
4694:
4616:
4442:
4415:
4387:
4344:
4292:
4134:
4073:
3970:
3836:
3785:
2876:
The Hill of the Nymphs, northwest of the Areopagus.
293:
279:
270:
253:
240:
227:
214:
197:
180:
166:
152:
140:
126:
116:
106:
96:
86:
27:
3660:
3499:"Greece uncovers 'holy grail' of Greek archeology"
2349:with the death of its leader, the military genius
2107:. In 480 the Persians returned under a new ruler,
1869:was achieved in the 440s to 430s BC, known as the
2784:, and to the southeast they ran along beside the
2739:; and north of the Parthenon was the magnificent
2707:; while the south part which had been rebuilt by
2345:, and its dominance was brought to an end at the
2269:Athenian democracy was briefly overthrown by the
3575:Translated Robin Waterfield, Herodotus (1998).
2725:, before the right wing of which was the small
2115:led 7,000 men to hold the narrow passageway of
3636:The Cambridge companion to the Age of Pericles
3008:took their meals and offered their sacrifices.
2989:(Senate House), at the west side of the Agora.
2905:Among the more important streets, there were:
2329:by surprise triggered Athens to establish the
2111:. The Hellenic League led by the Spartan King
6920:
6631:
3722:
2956:Temples: of these the most important was the
2218:, a lavishly decorated temple to the goddess
1749:
8:
2745:, containing three separate temples, one to
3267:. The leading statesman of this period was
2570:consisted of two parallel walls leading to
2481:, and was adorned with public buildings by
7334:4th-century BC disestablishments in Greece
6927:
6913:
6905:
6638:
6624:
6616:
6516:
6234:
5686:
5677:
5658:
5418:
5321:
5111:
5087:
4604:
4591:
4298:
3967:
3938:
3782:
3758:
3729:
3715:
3707:
3160:, east of the city, a gymnasium sacred to
2839:, a district in the southwest of the city.
2262:. The conflict marked the end of Athenian
2136:, defeated the Persian navy at sea in the
1799:or, more commonly and in singular, Αθήνα,
1756:
1742:
375:
71:
24:
3638:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
2749:, or the "Protectress of the State", the
2067:In 499 BC, Athens sent troops to aid the
1884:was a centre for the arts, learning, and
285:~250,000 (men with civil rights: ~30,000)
2543:
2452:from the sea, on the southwest slope of
2427:
7324:6th-century BC establishments in Greece
3438:
2003:The tribes each selected fifty members
1313:Perpetual Peace: A Philosophical Sketch
386:
269:
2548:Map of the environs of Athens showing
3036:, on the west side of the Agora; the
2440:to the northwest, and the city walls.
2395:. Further, the conquests of his son,
2196:as leader of the democratic faction,
2192:During the time of the ascendancy of
2015:of voters could be influenced by the
1794:
1464:1946 Italian institutional referendum
1404:Spanish American wars of independence
278:
274:
252:
239:
226:
213:
196:
192:
151:
139:
135:
125:
7:
7137:Pyrrhus' invasion of the Peloponnese
6130:Illicitanus Limin/Portus Illicitanus
2695:wall said to have been built by the
2610:to the outer Kerameikos, and to the
1904:, Athens was also the birthplace of
2200:was his deputy. When Ephialtes was
1233:The Tenure of Kings and Magistrates
7117:Antigonid–Nabataean confrontations
2855:Agrai, a district south of Diomea.
2432:Map of ancient Athens showing the
2144:, an Athenian-dominated alliance.
14:
3591:Comic Hero versus Political Elite
3501:. CNN. 1997-01-16. Archived from
3115:) of a hero named Stephanephorus.
3056:, on the north side of the Agora.
2735:, sacred to the "Virgin" goddess
2075:, who were rebelling against the
6599:
6589:
6580:
6579:
3299:
3285:
2672:imagined in an 1846 painting by
2095:). In 490 the Athenians, led by
1849:was established in 508 BC under
1725:
1253:Discourses Concerning Government
349:
324:
54:
6600:
2644:. The Diomean Gate, leading to
2357:Athens and Macedon (355–322 BC)
1821:) of the same name, located in
1519:Barbadian Republic Proclamation
3611:"Lavrion Ancient Silver Mines"
2337:defeated Sparta in 371 in the
2226:Peloponnesian War (431–404 BC)
2148:Athenian hegemony (448–430 BC)
1454:1935 Greek coup d'état attempt
1434:German Revolution of 1918–1919
1:
4201:
4188:
4169:
4152:
3597:Tragedy, Comedy and the Polis
2976:, to the north of the Agora.
2968:, located to the west of the
5329:Funeral and burial practices
4514:Military of Mycenaean Greece
3474:Hellenic Ministry of Culture
2721:, "the Entrances", built by
1704:Republic without republicans
1449:11 September 1922 Revolution
1444:Mongolian Revolution of 1921
16:City-state in ancient Greece
7086:Wars of Alexander the Great
3133:, six stadia from the city.
3064:Artist's impression of the
2618:, where the sacred road to
2456:, between the small rivers
2347:Battle of Mantinea (362 BC)
1439:Turkish War of Independence
1361:
7360:
5253:Greek Revival architecture
3579:. Oxford University Press.
3176:
3016:Plan Roman Agora at Athens
2769:Statue of Athena Promachos
2687:from its reputed founder,
2537:
2531:
2360:
2235:
2229:
2151:
2023:and performed in the city
1944:
1941:Rise to power (508–448 BC)
1777:
1494:1970 Cambodian coup d'état
1243:The Commonwealth of Oceana
33:
18:
7258:
7005:Wars of the Delian League
6654:
6575:
6526:
6515:
5676:
5657:
5421:
5324:
5110:
5086:
4661:Attalid kings of Pergamon
4607:
4603:
4590:
4469:Antigonid Macedonian army
4301:
3966:
3937:
3781:
3757:
3744:
3667:. Yale University Press.
3663:The Archaeology of Athens
3634:Samons II, Loren (2007).
3349:Women in classical Athens
2293:and an amnesty declared.
2036:(generals) were elected.
1667:The Emperor's New Clothes
1419:5 October 1910 revolution
1414:French Revolution of 1848
437:Liberty as non-domination
365:
303:
289:
275:
266:
193:
162:
136:
121:Athenian direct democracy
70:
51:
46:
7030:Second Peloponnesian War
3599:. Bari: Levante Editori.
3183:Ancient Greek philosophy
3086:Odeon of Herodes Atticus
2753:proper, or sanctuary of
2630:Melite, within the city.
1928:, and the birthplace of
1865:). The peak of Athenian
1509:1987 Fijian coups d'état
1469:1952 Egyptian revolution
447:Political representation
7015:First Peloponnesian War
2958:Temple of Olympian Zeus
2387:defeated Athens at the
2238:Athenian coup of 411 BC
1955:First Peloponnesian War
1489:1969 Libyan coup d'état
1273:Discourse on Inequality
422:Consent of the governed
7222:Seleucid Dynastic Wars
7147:Seleucid–Parthian Wars
7081:Expansion of Macedonia
4695:Artists & scholars
4610:List of ancient Greeks
4247:Second Athenian League
4096:Greco-Bactrian Kingdom
3921:Ancient Greek colonies
3208:
3068:
3017:
3000:, which served as the
2952:
2676:
2660:Acropolis (upper city)
2602:On the West side: the
2560:
2464:to the south, and the
2441:
2407:system in 322 BC (see
2331:Second Athenian League
2287:democracy was restored
2251:
2052:
2047:coin, 5th century BC.
281:• 5th century BC
244:Second Athenian League
6749:Demetrius of Phalerum
5814:Sybaris on the Traeis
4539:Sacred Band of Thebes
4279:(c. 300 BC–c. 300 AD)
3793:Cycladic civilization
3589:Henderson, J. (1993)
3334:Solonian Constitution
3198:
3063:
3015:
2943:
2727:Temple of Athena Nike
2699:. At the time of the
2667:
2547:
2431:
2361:Further information:
2309:, became her allies.
2245:
2236:Further information:
2042:
1657:Criticism of monarchy
1479:North Yemen civil war
1293:The Federalist Papers
588:Federal parliamentary
97:Common languages
7122:Seleucid–Mauryan war
6962:Second Messenian War
5339:mythological figures
5060:Ancient Greek tribes
4185:Peloponnesian League
3354:Ancient Greek crafts
3215:) and the arts (see
2966:Temple of Hephaestus
2946:Temple of Hephaestus
2926:Panathenaic Festival
2648:and the deme Diomea.
2534:City walls of Athens
1926:Western Civilization
1843:Peloponnesian League
1642:Classical radicalism
1384:Republic of Florence
1323:Democracy in America
482:Separation of powers
457:Public participation
7286: /
7010:Third Messenian War
6967:Lydian–Milesian War
6952:First Messenian War
5451:Tunnel of Eupalinos
5446:Theatre of Dionysus
5070:Ancient Macedonians
4686:Tyrants of Syracuse
4198:Amphictyonic League
3798:Minoan civilization
3659:Camp, John (2001).
3235:, the philosophers
3096:Panathenaic Stadium
3074:Theatre of Dionysus
3066:Theatre of Dionysus
3032:, the court of the
2891:Theatre of Dionysus
2413:Demetrius Phalereus
2397:Alexander the Great
2389:Battle of Chaeronea
2367:Alexander the Great
1986:democracy in Athens
1951:Athenian Revolution
1796:[a.ˈθi.ne̞]
1732:Politics portal
1537:Antigua and Barbuda
1484:Zanzibar Revolution
1394:American Revolution
1283:The Social Contract
452:Popular sovereignty
185:Classical antiquity
64:, patron of Athens
7197:Roman–Seleucid War
7056:Theban–Spartan War
6995:Greco-Persian Wars
6936:Ancient Greek wars
6125:Menestheus's Limin
5779:Pandosia (Lucania)
5667:Greek colonisation
5029:Athenian statesmen
4790:Diogenes of Sinope
4651:Kings of Macedonia
4641:Kings of Commagene
4509:Macedonian phalanx
4489:Hellenistic armies
4237:(c. 424–c. 395 BC)
4101:Indo-Greek Kingdom
3823:Hellenistic Greece
3700:Thucydides, 2.41.1
3615:ancient-greece.org
3209:
3187:Athenian festivals
3069:
3050:Battle of Marathon
3018:
2953:
2775:Agora (lower city)
2763:, or sanctuary of
2677:
2561:
2485:and especially by
2442:
2371:Antipatrid dynasty
2264:command of the sea
2252:
2105:Battle of Marathon
2053:
1947:Greco-Persian Wars
1847:Athenian democracy
1698:Primus inter pares
1514:Nepalese Civil War
1504:Iranian Revolution
1474:14 July Revolution
1429:Russian Revolution
1424:Chinese Revolution
1374:Republic of Venice
1223:Discourses on Livy
205:Athenian democracy
154:• 322–321 BC
142:• 508–507 BC
7344:Greek city-states
7269:
7268:
7207:War against Nabis
7020:Second Sacred War
6902:
6901:
6613:
6612:
6571:
6570:
6511:
6510:
6507:
6506:
6503:
6502:
6077:Iberian Peninsula
6009:Lipara/Meligounis
5975:
5974:
5653:
5652:
5649:
5648:
5626:Cypriot syllabary
5517:
5516:
5426:Athenian Treasury
5410:
5409:
5082:
5081:
5078:
5077:
4671:Ptolemaic dynasty
4631:Archons of Athens
4586:
4585:
4582:
4581:
4457:Athenian military
4438:
4437:
4271:League of Corinth
4253:Thessalian League
4229:Chalcidian League
4211:Acarnanian League
4121:Ptolemaic Kingdom
3933:
3932:
3929:
3928:
3523:Cartledge, Paul.
3470:"Plato's Academy"
3263:and the sculptor
3247:, the historians
3207:on its Acropolis.
3100:Panathenaic Games
2711:, was called the
2701:Peloponnesian war
2507:The port city of
2491:Peloponnesian War
2393:League of Corinth
2375:Antigonid dynasty
2363:League of Corinth
2339:Battle of Leuctra
2256:Peloponnesian War
2232:Peloponnesian War
2212:Athenian Assembly
2138:Battle of Salamis
2017:political satires
1835:Peloponnesian War
1766:
1765:
1709:Republican empire
1682:List of republics
1531:National variants
1459:Spanish Civil War
1399:French Revolution
1379:Republic of Genoa
1263:The Spirit of Law
1196:Theoretical works
540:Neo-republicanism
374:
373:
361:
360:
357:
356:
345:League of Corinth
337:
336:
79:Peloponnesian War
21:History of Athens
7351:
7314:Classical Athens
7301:
7300:
7298:
7297:
7296:
7291:
7287:
7284:
7283:
7282:
7279:
7262:Military history
7232:Mithridatic Wars
7217:Maccabean Revolt
7165:
7142:Chremonidean War
7071:Third Sacred War
7066:
6972:First Sacred War
6929:
6922:
6915:
6906:
6647:Ancient Athenian
6640:
6633:
6626:
6617:
6603:
6602:
6593:
6583:
6582:
6517:
6235:
5734:Heraclea Lucania
5687:
5678:
5659:
5419:
5351:Twelve Olympians
5322:
5112:
5088:
4676:Seleucid dynasty
4656:Kings of Paionia
4605:
4592:
4462:Scythian archers
4369:Graphe paranomon
4299:
4206:
4203:
4193:
4190:
4174:
4171:
4161:
4157:
4154:
3968:
3939:
3818:Classical Greece
3803:Mycenaean Greece
3783:
3759:
3731:
3724:
3717:
3708:
3701:
3698:
3692:
3685:
3679:
3678:
3666:
3656:
3650:
3649:
3631:
3625:
3624:
3622:
3621:
3607:
3601:
3600:
3587:
3581:
3580:
3572:
3566:
3565:
3563:
3561:
3552:. Archived from
3546:"Ancient Greece"
3542:
3536:
3535:
3533:
3532:
3520:
3514:
3513:
3511:
3510:
3505:on April 4, 2005
3495:
3489:
3488:
3486:
3485:
3476:. Archived from
3466:
3460:
3443:
3329:Eponymous archon
3309:
3304:
3303:
3302:
3295:
3290:
3289:
3288:
3213:Greek philosophy
3039:Stoa Eleutherios
3028:there were: the
2936:Public buildings
2566:In addition the
2454:Mount Lycabettus
2248:National Academy
2057:mines of Laurion
1996:had one or more
1878:classical period
1805:classical period
1798:
1779:
1758:
1751:
1744:
1730:
1729:
1714:Republican Party
1692:Peasant republic
1652:Communitarianism
1369:Classical Athens
1364:
1338:
1328:
1318:
1308:
1298:
1288:
1278:
1268:
1258:
1248:
1238:
1228:
1218:
1208:
442:Mixed government
376:
353:
352:
341:
340:
328:
327:
321:
320:
305:
304:
188:Classical Greece
128:Eponymous archon
111:Greek Polytheism
75:
58:
36:
35:
25:
7359:
7358:
7354:
7353:
7352:
7350:
7349:
7348:
7304:
7303:
7294:
7292:
7290:37.97°N 23.72°E
7288:
7285:
7280:
7277:
7275:
7273:
7272:
7270:
7265:
7254:
7170:Macedonian Wars
7163:
7090:
7064:
7051:Theban hegemony
6981:
6938:
6933:
6903:
6898:
6650:
6644:
6614:
6609:
6567:
6522:
6499:
6362:
6356:
6239:
6230:
6222:
6193:Melaina Korkyra
6149:
6071:
6028:
5981:Aeolian Islands
5971:
5833:
5691:
5672:
5671:
5645:
5602:
5513:
5455:
5406:
5360:
5311:
5233:
5224:Wedding customs
5106:
5105:
5074:
5065:Thracian Greeks
5048:
5039:Olympic victors
5017:
4859:
4746:
4690:
4681:Kings of Sparta
4666:Kings of Pontus
4636:Kings of Athens
4612:
4599:
4578:
4474:Army of Macedon
4434:
4411:
4383:
4340:
4288:
4261:(370–c. 230 BC)
4259:Arcadian League
4243:(c. 400–188 BC)
4241:Aetolian League
4235:Boeotian League
4217:Hellenic League
4204:
4191:
4181:(c. 650–404 BC)
4172:
4166:Italiote League
4159:
4155:
4149:Doric Hexapolis
4139:
4130:
4126:Seleucid Empire
4069:
3962:
3961:
3925:
3832:
3808:Greek Dark Ages
3777:
3776:
3753:
3740:
3735:
3705:
3704:
3699:
3695:
3686:
3682:
3675:
3658:
3657:
3653:
3646:
3633:
3632:
3628:
3619:
3617:
3609:
3608:
3604:
3594:
3593:pp. 307–319 in
3588:
3584:
3574:
3573:
3569:
3559:
3557:
3544:
3543:
3539:
3530:
3528:
3522:
3521:
3517:
3508:
3506:
3497:
3496:
3492:
3483:
3481:
3468:
3467:
3463:
3448:by Josiah Ober
3444:
3440:
3435:
3430:
3319:Archon basileus
3305:
3300:
3298:
3291:
3286:
3284:
3281:
3203:statues of the
3193:
3179:Age of Pericles
3177:Main articles:
3175:
3122:
3004:, in which the
2938:
2903:
2869:, the "Hill of
2862:
2794:
2777:
2662:
2596:
2542:
2536:
2530:
2436:in middle, the
2426:
2421:
2377:
2359:
2299:
2240:
2234:
2228:
2156:
2154:Age of Pericles
2150:
2019:written by the
1957:
1945:Main articles:
1943:
1938:
1871:Age of Pericles
1762:
1724:
1719:
1718:
1637:
1629:
1628:
1532:
1524:
1523:
1409:Trienio Liberal
1350:
1342:
1341:
1336:
1326:
1316:
1306:
1296:
1286:
1276:
1266:
1256:
1246:
1236:
1226:
1216:
1206:
1197:
1189:
1188:
924:Flynn (Stephen)
809:
801:
800:
641:
633:
632:
558:
550:
549:
505:
497:
496:
492:Social equality
487:Social contract
477:Self-governance
432:Democratization
407:Anti-corruption
402:Anti-monarchism
397:
381:Politics series
370:
350:
325:
282:
259:
246:
233:
220:
207:
173:
155:
143:
82:
66:
65:
59:
42:
30:
23:
17:
12:
11:
5:
7357:
7355:
7347:
7346:
7341:
7339:Ancient Athens
7336:
7331:
7326:
7321:
7316:
7306:
7305:
7267:
7266:
7259:
7256:
7255:
7253:
7252:
7247:
7229:
7224:
7219:
7214:
7209:
7204:
7199:
7194:
7189:
7167:
7159:
7154:
7152:Cleomenean War
7149:
7144:
7139:
7134:
7129:
7124:
7119:
7114:
7106:
7100:
7098:
7092:
7091:
7089:
7088:
7083:
7078:
7073:
7068:
7060:
7059:
7058:
7047:
7042:
7040:Corinthian War
7037:
7035:Phyle Campaign
7032:
7027:
7022:
7017:
7012:
7007:
7002:
6997:
6991:
6989:
6983:
6982:
6980:
6979:
6974:
6969:
6964:
6959:
6954:
6948:
6946:
6940:
6939:
6934:
6932:
6931:
6924:
6917:
6909:
6900:
6899:
6897:
6896:
6891:
6886:
6881:
6876:
6871:
6866:
6861:
6856:
6851:
6846:
6841:
6836:
6831:
6826:
6821:
6816:
6811:
6806:
6801:
6796:
6791:
6786:
6781:
6776:
6771:
6766:
6761:
6756:
6751:
6746:
6741:
6736:
6731:
6726:
6721:
6716:
6711:
6706:
6701:
6696:
6691:
6686:
6681:
6676:
6671:
6666:
6661:
6655:
6652:
6651:
6645:
6643:
6642:
6635:
6628:
6620:
6611:
6610:
6608:
6607:
6597:
6587:
6576:
6573:
6572:
6569:
6568:
6566:
6565:
6560:
6555:
6550:
6545:
6540:
6539:
6538:
6527:
6524:
6523:
6520:
6513:
6512:
6509:
6508:
6505:
6504:
6501:
6500:
6498:
6497:
6492:
6487:
6482:
6477:
6472:
6467:
6462:
6457:
6452:
6447:
6442:
6437:
6432:
6427:
6422:
6417:
6412:
6407:
6402:
6397:
6392:
6387:
6382:
6377:
6372:
6366:
6364:
6358:
6357:
6355:
6354:
6349:
6344:
6339:
6334:
6329:
6324:
6319:
6314:
6309:
6304:
6299:
6294:
6289:
6284:
6279:
6274:
6269:
6264:
6259:
6254:
6249:
6243:
6241:
6232:
6224:
6223:
6221:
6220:
6215:
6210:
6205:
6200:
6195:
6190:
6185:
6180:
6175:
6170:
6165:
6159:
6157:
6151:
6150:
6148:
6147:
6142:
6137:
6132:
6127:
6122:
6117:
6112:
6107:
6102:
6097:
6092:
6087:
6081:
6079:
6073:
6072:
6070:
6069:
6064:
6054:
6049:
6044:
6038:
6036:
6030:
6029:
6027:
6026:
6021:
6016:
6011:
6006:
6001:
5996:
5991:
5985:
5983:
5977:
5976:
5973:
5972:
5970:
5969:
5964:
5959:
5954:
5949:
5944:
5939:
5934:
5929:
5927:Megara Hyblaea
5924:
5919:
5914:
5909:
5907:Hybla Gereatis
5904:
5899:
5897:Heraclea Minoa
5894:
5889:
5884:
5879:
5874:
5869:
5864:
5859:
5854:
5849:
5843:
5841:
5835:
5834:
5832:
5831:
5826:
5821:
5816:
5811:
5806:
5801:
5796:
5791:
5786:
5781:
5776:
5771:
5766:
5761:
5756:
5751:
5746:
5741:
5736:
5731:
5726:
5721:
5716:
5711:
5706:
5701:
5695:
5693:
5684:
5674:
5673:
5670:
5669:
5663:
5662:
5655:
5654:
5651:
5650:
5647:
5646:
5644:
5643:
5641:Attic numerals
5638:
5636:Greek numerals
5633:
5631:Greek alphabet
5628:
5623:
5618:
5612:
5610:
5604:
5603:
5601:
5600:
5595:
5594:
5593:
5588:
5583:
5578:
5573:
5568:
5563:
5558:
5553:
5543:
5538:
5533:
5527:
5525:
5519:
5518:
5515:
5514:
5512:
5511:
5506:
5501:
5496:
5491:
5486:
5481:
5476:
5471:
5465:
5463:
5457:
5456:
5454:
5453:
5448:
5443:
5438:
5433:
5428:
5422:
5416:
5412:
5411:
5408:
5407:
5405:
5404:
5399:
5394:
5389:
5384:
5379:
5374:
5368:
5366:
5362:
5361:
5359:
5358:
5353:
5348:
5343:
5342:
5341:
5331:
5325:
5319:
5313:
5312:
5310:
5309:
5304:
5299:
5294:
5289:
5288:
5287:
5285:Musical system
5277:
5272:
5267:
5262:
5257:
5256:
5255:
5244:
5242:
5235:
5234:
5232:
5231:
5226:
5221:
5216:
5211:
5206:
5201:
5196:
5191:
5186:
5181:
5176:
5171:
5166:
5161:
5156:
5151:
5146:
5141:
5136:
5131:
5126:
5120:
5118:
5108:
5107:
5104:
5103:
5098:
5092:
5091:
5084:
5083:
5080:
5079:
5076:
5075:
5073:
5072:
5067:
5062:
5056:
5054:
5050:
5049:
5047:
5046:
5041:
5036:
5031:
5025:
5023:
5019:
5018:
5016:
5015:
5010:
5005:
5000:
4995:
4990:
4985:
4980:
4975:
4970:
4965:
4960:
4955:
4950:
4945:
4940:
4935:
4930:
4925:
4920:
4915:
4910:
4905:
4900:
4895:
4890:
4885:
4880:
4875:
4869:
4867:
4861:
4860:
4858:
4857:
4852:
4847:
4842:
4837:
4832:
4827:
4822:
4817:
4812:
4807:
4802:
4797:
4792:
4787:
4782:
4777:
4772:
4767:
4762:
4756:
4754:
4748:
4747:
4745:
4744:
4739:
4734:
4729:
4724:
4719:
4717:Mathematicians
4714:
4709:
4704:
4698:
4696:
4692:
4691:
4689:
4688:
4683:
4678:
4673:
4668:
4663:
4658:
4653:
4648:
4643:
4638:
4633:
4628:
4626:Kings of Argos
4622:
4620:
4614:
4613:
4608:
4601:
4600:
4595:
4588:
4587:
4584:
4583:
4580:
4579:
4577:
4576:
4571:
4566:
4561:
4556:
4551:
4546:
4541:
4536:
4531:
4526:
4521:
4516:
4511:
4506:
4501:
4496:
4491:
4486:
4484:Cretan archers
4481:
4476:
4471:
4466:
4465:
4464:
4454:
4448:
4446:
4440:
4439:
4436:
4435:
4433:
4432:
4427:
4421:
4419:
4413:
4412:
4410:
4409:
4404:
4399:
4393:
4391:
4385:
4384:
4382:
4381:
4376:
4371:
4366:
4361:
4356:
4350:
4348:
4342:
4341:
4339:
4338:
4333:
4328:
4323:
4318:
4313:
4308:
4302:
4296:
4290:
4289:
4287:
4286:
4283:Achaean League
4280:
4277:Euboean League
4274:
4268:
4265:Epirote League
4262:
4256:
4250:
4244:
4238:
4232:
4226:
4220:
4214:
4213:(c. 500–31 BC)
4208:
4195:
4182:
4176:
4163:
4145:
4143:
4141:Confederations
4132:
4131:
4129:
4128:
4123:
4118:
4113:
4108:
4103:
4098:
4093:
4088:
4083:
4077:
4075:
4071:
4070:
4068:
4067:
4065:Lissus (Crete)
4062:
4057:
4052:
4047:
4042:
4037:
4032:
4027:
4022:
4017:
4012:
4007:
4002:
3997:
3992:
3987:
3982:
3976:
3974:
3964:
3963:
3960:
3959:
3954:
3949:
3943:
3942:
3935:
3934:
3931:
3930:
3927:
3926:
3924:
3923:
3918:
3913:
3908:
3903:
3898:
3893:
3888:
3883:
3878:
3873:
3868:
3863:
3858:
3853:
3848:
3842:
3840:
3834:
3833:
3831:
3830:
3825:
3820:
3815:
3813:Archaic Greece
3810:
3805:
3800:
3795:
3789:
3787:
3779:
3778:
3775:
3774:
3769:
3763:
3762:
3755:
3754:
3752:
3751:
3745:
3742:
3741:
3738:Ancient Greece
3736:
3734:
3733:
3726:
3719:
3711:
3703:
3702:
3693:
3680:
3674:978-0300081978
3673:
3651:
3645:978-0521003896
3644:
3626:
3602:
3582:
3567:
3537:
3515:
3490:
3461:
3437:
3436:
3434:
3431:
3429:
3428:
3423:
3422:
3421:
3416:
3408:
3407:
3406:
3398:
3397:
3396:
3391:
3386:
3381:
3376:
3371:
3366:
3358:
3357:
3356:
3351:
3343:
3342:
3341:
3336:
3331:
3326:
3321:
3312:
3311:
3310:
3296:
3293:History portal
3280:
3277:
3174:
3171:
3170:
3169:
3155:
3134:
3121:
3118:
3117:
3116:
3103:
3093:
3072:Theatres: the
3058:
3057:
3030:Stoa Basileios
3010:
3009:
2990:
2983:
2974:Temple of Ares
2948:in modern-day
2937:
2934:
2933:
2932:
2929:
2914:
2902:
2899:
2898:
2897:
2894:
2877:
2874:
2861:
2858:
2857:
2856:
2853:
2843:
2840:
2834:
2827:
2820:
2810:
2793:
2790:
2776:
2773:
2683:, also called
2674:Leo von Klenze
2661:
2658:
2657:
2656:
2649:
2638:
2631:
2595:
2592:
2588:Phalerian Wall
2538:Main article:
2532:Main article:
2529:
2526:
2525:
2524:
2515:, built under
2505:
2444:Athens was in
2425:
2422:
2420:
2417:
2358:
2355:
2319:Corinthian War
2298:
2295:
2283:Thirty Tyrants
2230:Main article:
2227:
2224:
2152:Main article:
2149:
2146:
2077:Persian Empire
2049:British Museum
2013:public opinion
1942:
1939:
1937:
1934:
1888:, the home of
1853:following the
1829:, leading the
1809:ancient Greece
1764:
1763:
1761:
1760:
1753:
1746:
1738:
1735:
1734:
1721:
1720:
1717:
1716:
1711:
1706:
1701:
1694:
1689:
1684:
1679:
1674:
1669:
1664:
1662:Egalitarianism
1659:
1654:
1649:
1644:
1638:
1636:Related topics
1635:
1634:
1631:
1630:
1627:
1626:
1621:
1620:
1619:
1614:
1607:United Kingdom
1604:
1599:
1594:
1589:
1584:
1579:
1574:
1569:
1564:
1559:
1554:
1549:
1544:
1539:
1533:
1530:
1529:
1526:
1525:
1522:
1521:
1516:
1511:
1506:
1501:
1496:
1491:
1486:
1481:
1476:
1471:
1466:
1461:
1456:
1451:
1446:
1441:
1436:
1431:
1426:
1421:
1416:
1411:
1406:
1401:
1396:
1391:
1389:Dutch Republic
1386:
1381:
1376:
1371:
1366:
1357:
1355:Roman Republic
1351:
1348:
1347:
1344:
1343:
1340:
1339:
1329:
1319:
1309:
1299:
1289:
1279:
1269:
1259:
1249:
1239:
1229:
1219:
1209:
1198:
1195:
1194:
1191:
1190:
1187:
1186:
1181:
1176:
1171:
1166:
1161:
1156:
1151:
1146:
1141:
1136:
1131:
1126:
1121:
1116:
1111:
1106:
1101:
1096:
1091:
1086:
1081:
1076:
1071:
1066:
1061:
1056:
1051:
1046:
1041:
1036:
1031:
1026:
1021:
1016:
1011:
1006:
1001:
996:
991:
986:
981:
976:
971:
966:
961:
956:
951:
946:
941:
936:
931:
926:
921:
916:
911:
906:
901:
896:
891:
886:
881:
876:
871:
866:
861:
856:
851:
846:
841:
836:
831:
826:
821:
816:
810:
807:
806:
803:
802:
799:
798:
796:Wollstonecraft
793:
788:
783:
778:
773:
768:
763:
758:
753:
748:
743:
738:
733:
728:
723:
718:
713:
708:
703:
698:
693:
688:
683:
678:
673:
668:
663:
658:
653:
648:
642:
639:
638:
635:
634:
631:
630:
625:
620:
615:
610:
605:
600:
595:
590:
585:
580:
575:
570:
565:
559:
556:
555:
552:
551:
548:
547:
542:
537:
532:
527:
522:
517:
512:
506:
503:
502:
499:
498:
495:
494:
489:
484:
479:
474:
469:
464:
459:
454:
449:
444:
439:
434:
429:
424:
419:
414:
409:
404:
398:
395:
394:
391:
390:
384:
383:
372:
371:
366:
363:
362:
359:
358:
355:
354:
347:
338:
335:
334:
329:
317:
316:
311:
301:
300:
295:
291:
290:
287:
286:
283:
280:
277:
276:
273:
272:
268:
267:
264:
263:
260:
254:
251:
250:
247:
241:
238:
237:
234:
231:Thirty tyrants
228:
225:
224:
221:
215:
212:
211:
208:
198:
195:
194:
191:
190:
182:
181:Historical era
178:
177:
168:
164:
163:
160:
159:
156:
153:
150:
149:
144:
141:
138:
137:
134:
133:
130:
124:
123:
118:
114:
113:
108:
104:
103:
98:
94:
93:
88:
84:
83:
76:
68:
67:
60:
53:
52:
49:
48:
44:
43:
31:
28:
19:Main article:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
7356:
7345:
7342:
7340:
7337:
7335:
7332:
7330:
7327:
7325:
7322:
7320:
7317:
7315:
7312:
7311:
7309:
7302:
7299:
7264:
7263:
7257:
7251:
7250:War of Actium
7248:
7245:
7241:
7237:
7233:
7230:
7228:
7225:
7223:
7220:
7218:
7215:
7213:
7210:
7208:
7205:
7203:
7200:
7198:
7195:
7193:
7190:
7187:
7183:
7179:
7175:
7171:
7168:
7166:
7160:
7158:
7155:
7153:
7150:
7148:
7145:
7143:
7140:
7138:
7135:
7133:
7130:
7128:
7125:
7123:
7120:
7118:
7115:
7113:
7112:
7107:
7105:
7102:
7101:
7099:
7097:
7093:
7087:
7084:
7082:
7079:
7077:
7074:
7072:
7069:
7067:
7061:
7057:
7054:
7053:
7052:
7048:
7046:
7043:
7041:
7038:
7036:
7033:
7031:
7028:
7026:
7023:
7021:
7018:
7016:
7013:
7011:
7008:
7006:
7003:
7001:
7000:Aeginetan War
6998:
6996:
6993:
6992:
6990:
6988:
6984:
6978:
6977:Sicilian Wars
6975:
6973:
6970:
6968:
6965:
6963:
6960:
6958:
6957:Lelantine War
6955:
6953:
6950:
6949:
6947:
6945:
6941:
6937:
6930:
6925:
6923:
6918:
6916:
6911:
6910:
6907:
6895:
6892:
6890:
6887:
6885:
6882:
6880:
6877:
6875:
6872:
6870:
6867:
6865:
6862:
6860:
6857:
6855:
6852:
6850:
6847:
6845:
6842:
6840:
6837:
6835:
6832:
6830:
6827:
6825:
6822:
6820:
6817:
6815:
6812:
6810:
6807:
6805:
6802:
6800:
6797:
6795:
6792:
6790:
6787:
6785:
6782:
6780:
6777:
6775:
6772:
6770:
6767:
6765:
6762:
6760:
6757:
6755:
6752:
6750:
6747:
6745:
6742:
6740:
6737:
6735:
6732:
6730:
6727:
6725:
6722:
6720:
6717:
6715:
6712:
6710:
6707:
6705:
6702:
6700:
6697:
6695:
6692:
6690:
6687:
6685:
6682:
6680:
6677:
6675:
6672:
6670:
6667:
6665:
6662:
6660:
6657:
6656:
6653:
6648:
6641:
6636:
6634:
6629:
6627:
6622:
6621:
6618:
6606:
6598:
6596:
6592:
6588:
6586:
6578:
6577:
6574:
6564:
6561:
6559:
6556:
6554:
6551:
6549:
6546:
6544:
6541:
6537:
6534:
6533:
6532:
6529:
6528:
6525:
6518:
6514:
6496:
6493:
6491:
6488:
6486:
6483:
6481:
6478:
6476:
6473:
6471:
6468:
6466:
6463:
6461:
6458:
6456:
6453:
6451:
6448:
6446:
6443:
6441:
6438:
6436:
6433:
6431:
6428:
6426:
6423:
6421:
6418:
6416:
6413:
6411:
6408:
6406:
6403:
6401:
6398:
6396:
6393:
6391:
6388:
6386:
6383:
6381:
6378:
6376:
6373:
6371:
6368:
6367:
6365:
6359:
6353:
6350:
6348:
6345:
6343:
6340:
6338:
6335:
6333:
6330:
6328:
6325:
6323:
6320:
6318:
6315:
6313:
6310:
6308:
6305:
6303:
6300:
6298:
6295:
6293:
6290:
6288:
6285:
6283:
6280:
6278:
6275:
6273:
6270:
6268:
6265:
6263:
6260:
6258:
6255:
6253:
6250:
6248:
6245:
6244:
6242:
6236:
6233:
6229:
6225:
6219:
6216:
6214:
6211:
6209:
6206:
6204:
6201:
6199:
6196:
6194:
6191:
6189:
6186:
6184:
6181:
6179:
6176:
6174:
6171:
6169:
6166:
6164:
6161:
6160:
6158:
6156:
6152:
6146:
6143:
6141:
6138:
6136:
6133:
6131:
6128:
6126:
6123:
6121:
6118:
6116:
6113:
6111:
6108:
6106:
6105:Hemeroscopion
6103:
6101:
6098:
6096:
6093:
6091:
6088:
6086:
6083:
6082:
6080:
6078:
6074:
6068:
6065:
6062:
6058:
6055:
6053:
6050:
6048:
6045:
6043:
6040:
6039:
6037:
6035:
6031:
6025:
6022:
6020:
6017:
6015:
6012:
6010:
6007:
6005:
6002:
6000:
5997:
5995:
5992:
5990:
5987:
5986:
5984:
5982:
5978:
5968:
5965:
5963:
5960:
5958:
5955:
5953:
5950:
5948:
5945:
5943:
5940:
5938:
5935:
5933:
5930:
5928:
5925:
5923:
5920:
5918:
5915:
5913:
5910:
5908:
5905:
5903:
5900:
5898:
5895:
5893:
5890:
5888:
5885:
5883:
5880:
5878:
5875:
5873:
5870:
5868:
5865:
5863:
5860:
5858:
5855:
5853:
5850:
5848:
5845:
5844:
5842:
5840:
5836:
5830:
5827:
5825:
5822:
5820:
5817:
5815:
5812:
5810:
5807:
5805:
5802:
5800:
5797:
5795:
5792:
5790:
5787:
5785:
5782:
5780:
5777:
5775:
5772:
5770:
5767:
5765:
5762:
5760:
5757:
5755:
5752:
5750:
5747:
5745:
5742:
5740:
5737:
5735:
5732:
5730:
5727:
5725:
5722:
5720:
5717:
5715:
5712:
5710:
5707:
5705:
5702:
5700:
5697:
5696:
5694:
5688:
5685:
5683:
5682:Magna Graecia
5679:
5675:
5668:
5665:
5664:
5660:
5656:
5642:
5639:
5637:
5634:
5632:
5629:
5627:
5624:
5622:
5619:
5617:
5614:
5613:
5611:
5609:
5605:
5599:
5596:
5592:
5589:
5587:
5584:
5582:
5579:
5577:
5574:
5572:
5569:
5567:
5564:
5562:
5559:
5557:
5556:Arcadocypriot
5554:
5552:
5549:
5548:
5547:
5544:
5542:
5539:
5537:
5534:
5532:
5529:
5528:
5526:
5524:
5520:
5510:
5509:Zeus, Olympia
5507:
5505:
5502:
5500:
5497:
5495:
5494:Hera, Olympia
5492:
5490:
5487:
5485:
5482:
5480:
5477:
5475:
5472:
5470:
5467:
5466:
5464:
5462:
5458:
5452:
5449:
5447:
5444:
5442:
5439:
5437:
5434:
5432:
5429:
5427:
5424:
5423:
5420:
5417:
5413:
5403:
5400:
5398:
5397:Mount Olympus
5395:
5393:
5390:
5388:
5385:
5383:
5380:
5378:
5375:
5373:
5370:
5369:
5367:
5365:Sacred places
5363:
5357:
5354:
5352:
5349:
5347:
5344:
5340:
5337:
5336:
5335:
5332:
5330:
5327:
5326:
5323:
5320:
5318:
5314:
5308:
5305:
5303:
5300:
5298:
5295:
5293:
5290:
5286:
5283:
5282:
5281:
5278:
5276:
5273:
5271:
5268:
5266:
5263:
5261:
5258:
5254:
5251:
5250:
5249:
5246:
5245:
5243:
5240:
5236:
5230:
5227:
5225:
5222:
5220:
5217:
5215:
5212:
5210:
5207:
5205:
5202:
5200:
5197:
5195:
5192:
5190:
5189:Olympic Games
5187:
5185:
5182:
5180:
5179:Homosexuality
5177:
5175:
5172:
5170:
5167:
5165:
5162:
5160:
5157:
5155:
5152:
5150:
5147:
5145:
5142:
5140:
5137:
5135:
5132:
5130:
5127:
5125:
5122:
5121:
5119:
5117:
5113:
5109:
5102:
5099:
5097:
5094:
5093:
5089:
5085:
5071:
5068:
5066:
5063:
5061:
5058:
5057:
5055:
5051:
5045:
5042:
5040:
5037:
5035:
5032:
5030:
5027:
5026:
5024:
5020:
5014:
5011:
5009:
5006:
5004:
5001:
4999:
4996:
4994:
4991:
4989:
4986:
4984:
4981:
4979:
4976:
4974:
4971:
4969:
4966:
4964:
4961:
4959:
4956:
4954:
4951:
4949:
4946:
4944:
4941:
4939:
4936:
4934:
4931:
4929:
4926:
4924:
4921:
4919:
4916:
4914:
4911:
4909:
4906:
4904:
4901:
4899:
4896:
4894:
4891:
4889:
4886:
4884:
4881:
4879:
4876:
4874:
4871:
4870:
4868:
4866:
4862:
4856:
4853:
4851:
4848:
4846:
4843:
4841:
4838:
4836:
4833:
4831:
4828:
4826:
4823:
4821:
4818:
4816:
4813:
4811:
4808:
4806:
4803:
4801:
4798:
4796:
4793:
4791:
4788:
4786:
4783:
4781:
4778:
4776:
4773:
4771:
4768:
4766:
4763:
4761:
4758:
4757:
4755:
4753:
4749:
4743:
4740:
4738:
4735:
4733:
4730:
4728:
4725:
4723:
4720:
4718:
4715:
4713:
4710:
4708:
4705:
4703:
4700:
4699:
4697:
4693:
4687:
4684:
4682:
4679:
4677:
4674:
4672:
4669:
4667:
4664:
4662:
4659:
4657:
4654:
4652:
4649:
4647:
4644:
4642:
4639:
4637:
4634:
4632:
4629:
4627:
4624:
4623:
4621:
4619:
4615:
4611:
4606:
4602:
4598:
4593:
4589:
4575:
4572:
4570:
4567:
4565:
4562:
4560:
4557:
4555:
4552:
4550:
4549:Seleucid army
4547:
4545:
4542:
4540:
4537:
4535:
4532:
4530:
4527:
4525:
4522:
4520:
4517:
4515:
4512:
4510:
4507:
4505:
4502:
4500:
4497:
4495:
4492:
4490:
4487:
4485:
4482:
4480:
4477:
4475:
4472:
4470:
4467:
4463:
4460:
4459:
4458:
4455:
4453:
4450:
4449:
4447:
4445:
4441:
4431:
4428:
4426:
4423:
4422:
4420:
4418:
4414:
4408:
4405:
4403:
4400:
4398:
4395:
4394:
4392:
4390:
4386:
4380:
4377:
4375:
4372:
4370:
4367:
4365:
4362:
4360:
4357:
4355:
4352:
4351:
4349:
4347:
4343:
4337:
4334:
4332:
4329:
4327:
4324:
4322:
4319:
4317:
4314:
4312:
4309:
4307:
4304:
4303:
4300:
4297:
4295:
4291:
4284:
4281:
4278:
4275:
4272:
4269:
4266:
4263:
4260:
4257:
4254:
4251:
4248:
4245:
4242:
4239:
4236:
4233:
4230:
4227:
4224:
4223:Delian League
4221:
4218:
4215:
4212:
4209:
4199:
4196:
4186:
4183:
4180:
4179:Ionian League
4177:
4167:
4164:
4160: 560 BC
4150:
4147:
4146:
4144:
4142:
4137:
4133:
4127:
4124:
4122:
4119:
4117:
4114:
4112:
4109:
4107:
4104:
4102:
4099:
4097:
4094:
4092:
4089:
4087:
4084:
4082:
4079:
4078:
4076:
4072:
4066:
4063:
4061:
4058:
4056:
4053:
4051:
4048:
4046:
4043:
4041:
4038:
4036:
4033:
4031:
4028:
4026:
4023:
4021:
4018:
4016:
4013:
4011:
4008:
4006:
4003:
4001:
3998:
3996:
3993:
3991:
3988:
3986:
3983:
3981:
3978:
3977:
3975:
3973:
3969:
3965:
3958:
3955:
3953:
3950:
3948:
3945:
3944:
3940:
3936:
3922:
3919:
3917:
3914:
3912:
3909:
3907:
3904:
3902:
3901:Magna Graecia
3899:
3897:
3894:
3892:
3889:
3887:
3884:
3882:
3879:
3877:
3874:
3872:
3869:
3867:
3864:
3862:
3859:
3857:
3854:
3852:
3849:
3847:
3844:
3843:
3841:
3839:
3835:
3829:
3826:
3824:
3821:
3819:
3816:
3814:
3811:
3809:
3806:
3804:
3801:
3799:
3796:
3794:
3791:
3790:
3788:
3784:
3780:
3773:
3770:
3768:
3765:
3764:
3760:
3756:
3750:
3747:
3746:
3743:
3739:
3732:
3727:
3725:
3720:
3718:
3713:
3712:
3709:
3697:
3694:
3690:
3684:
3681:
3676:
3670:
3665:
3664:
3655:
3652:
3647:
3641:
3637:
3630:
3627:
3616:
3612:
3606:
3603:
3598:
3592:
3586:
3583:
3578:
3577:The Histories
3571:
3568:
3556:on 2009-10-28
3555:
3551:
3547:
3541:
3538:
3526:
3519:
3516:
3504:
3500:
3494:
3491:
3480:on 2007-03-21
3479:
3475:
3471:
3465:
3462:
3458:
3457:0-691-13347-6
3454:
3451:
3447:
3442:
3439:
3432:
3427:
3426:Athenian Army
3424:
3420:
3417:
3415:
3412:
3411:
3409:
3405:
3402:
3401:
3399:
3395:
3392:
3390:
3387:
3385:
3382:
3380:
3377:
3375:
3372:
3370:
3367:
3365:
3362:
3361:
3359:
3355:
3352:
3350:
3347:
3346:
3344:
3340:
3337:
3335:
3332:
3330:
3327:
3325:
3322:
3320:
3317:
3316:
3314:
3313:
3308:
3307:Greece portal
3297:
3294:
3283:
3278:
3276:
3274:
3270:
3266:
3262:
3258:
3254:
3250:
3246:
3242:
3238:
3234:
3230:
3226:
3222:
3218:
3217:Greek theatre
3214:
3206:
3202:
3197:
3192:
3191:Greek theatre
3188:
3184:
3180:
3172:
3167:
3163:
3162:Apollo Lyceus
3159:
3156:
3153:
3150:
3146:
3142:
3138:
3135:
3132:
3128:
3124:
3123:
3119:
3114:
3113:
3108:
3104:
3101:
3097:
3094:
3091:
3088:was built in
3087:
3083:
3079:
3075:
3071:
3070:
3067:
3062:
3055:
3051:
3047:
3046:
3041:
3040:
3035:
3031:
3027:
3023:
3020:
3019:
3014:
3007:
3003:
2999:
2995:
2991:
2988:
2984:
2981:
2980:
2975:
2971:
2967:
2963:
2959:
2955:
2954:
2951:
2947:
2942:
2935:
2930:
2927:
2923:
2919:
2915:
2912:
2908:
2907:
2906:
2900:
2895:
2892:
2888:
2887:
2882:
2878:
2875:
2872:
2868:
2864:
2863:
2859:
2854:
2851:
2847:
2844:
2841:
2838:
2835:
2832:
2828:
2825:
2821:
2818:
2815:
2811:
2808:
2804:
2800:
2796:
2795:
2791:
2789:
2787:
2783:
2774:
2772:
2770:
2766:
2762:
2761:
2756:
2752:
2748:
2747:Athena Polias
2744:
2743:
2738:
2734:
2733:
2728:
2724:
2720:
2719:
2714:
2713:Cimonian Wall
2710:
2706:
2705:Pelasgic Wall
2702:
2698:
2694:
2690:
2686:
2682:
2675:
2671:
2666:
2659:
2654:
2650:
2647:
2643:
2639:
2636:
2632:
2629:
2625:
2621:
2617:
2613:
2609:
2605:
2601:
2600:
2599:
2593:
2591:
2589:
2585:
2581:
2577:
2573:
2569:
2564:
2559:
2555:
2551:
2546:
2541:
2535:
2527:
2522:
2518:
2514:
2510:
2506:
2503:
2499:
2496:
2495:
2494:
2492:
2488:
2484:
2480:
2476:
2472:
2467:
2463:
2460:to the west,
2459:
2455:
2451:
2447:
2439:
2435:
2430:
2423:
2418:
2416:
2414:
2410:
2406:
2402:
2398:
2394:
2390:
2386:
2382:
2376:
2372:
2368:
2364:
2356:
2354:
2352:
2348:
2344:
2340:
2336:
2332:
2328:
2324:
2320:
2316:
2312:
2308:
2304:
2296:
2294:
2292:
2288:
2284:
2280:
2276:
2272:
2267:
2265:
2261:
2257:
2249:
2244:
2239:
2233:
2225:
2223:
2221:
2217:
2213:
2209:
2208:
2203:
2199:
2195:
2190:
2188:
2184:
2180:
2176:
2172:
2168:
2164:
2160:
2155:
2147:
2145:
2143:
2142:Delian League
2139:
2135:
2130:
2127:, setting up
2126:
2122:
2118:
2114:
2110:
2106:
2102:
2098:
2094:
2090:
2086:
2082:
2081:Ionian Revolt
2078:
2074:
2070:
2065:
2063:
2058:
2050:
2046:
2041:
2037:
2035:
2030:
2026:
2022:
2018:
2014:
2010:
2006:
2001:
1999:
1995:
1991:
1987:
1982:
1978:
1974:
1969:
1965:
1961:
1956:
1952:
1948:
1940:
1935:
1933:
1931:
1927:
1923:
1919:
1915:
1911:
1907:
1903:
1899:
1895:
1891:
1887:
1883:
1879:
1874:
1872:
1868:
1864:
1860:
1856:
1852:
1848:
1844:
1840:
1836:
1832:
1831:Delian League
1828:
1824:
1820:
1816:
1815:
1810:
1806:
1803:) during the
1802:
1797:
1793:
1789:
1785:
1783:
1775:
1774:Ancient Greek
1771:
1759:
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1752:
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1334:
1333:On Revolution
1330:
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1320:
1315:
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1310:
1305:
1304:
1303:Rights of Man
1300:
1295:
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1213:De re publica
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1022:
1020:
1019:Jones (Lynne)
1017:
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837:
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832:
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827:
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822:
820:
817:
815:
814:Adams (Gerry)
812:
811:
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804:
797:
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629:
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624:
621:
619:
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613:Revolutionary
611:
609:
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603:Parliamentary
601:
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581:
579:
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430:
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420:
418:
415:
413:
412:Civil society
410:
408:
405:
403:
400:
399:
393:
392:
389:
388:Republicanism
385:
382:
378:
377:
369:
364:
348:
346:
343:
342:
339:
333:
332:Peisistratids
330:
323:
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265:
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222:
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218:Delian League
209:
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189:
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85:
80:
74:
69:
63:
62:Owl of Athena
57:
50:
47:508 BC–322 BC
45:
40:
39:Ancient Greek
26:
22:
7295:37.97; 23.72
7271:
7260:
7212:Galatian War
7202:Aetolian War
7164:(220–217 BC)
7110:
7109:Wars of the
7065:(357–355 BC)
7049:Wars of the
7045:Boeotian War
6864:Themistocles
6784:Eratosthenes
6704:Callistratus
6689:Aristogeiton
6646:
6400:Dionysopolis
6370:Abonoteichos
6322:Pantikapaion
5912:Hybla Heraea
5248:Architecture
5204:Prostitution
4893:Aristophanes
4752:Philosophers
4722:Philosophers
4554:Spartan army
4285:(280–146 BC)
4273:(338–322 BC)
4267:(370–168 BC)
4255:(374–196 BC)
4249:(378–355 BC)
4231:(430–348 BC)
4225:(478–404 BC)
4219:(499–449 BC)
3984:
3906:Peloponnesus
3828:Roman Greece
3696:
3688:
3683:
3662:
3654:
3635:
3629:
3618:. Retrieved
3614:
3605:
3596:
3590:
3585:
3576:
3570:
3558:. Retrieved
3554:the original
3549:
3540:
3529:. Retrieved
3518:
3507:. Retrieved
3503:the original
3493:
3482:. Retrieved
3478:the original
3473:
3464:
3445:
3441:
3404:Ephebic Oath
3394:Seisachtheia
3339:Seisachtheia
3225:Aristophanes
3210:
3147:, where the
3110:
3107:Argyrocopeum
3045:Stoa Poikile
3043:
3037:
2987:Bouleuterion
2977:
2904:
2884:
2778:
2758:
2750:
2746:
2740:
2730:
2716:
2712:
2704:
2684:
2678:
2597:
2587:
2583:
2565:
2562:
2497:
2479:Themistocles
2443:
2378:
2300:
2268:
2253:
2205:
2202:assassinated
2191:
2171:architecture
2157:
2134:Themistocles
2093:Persian Wars
2089:Themistocles
2066:
2062:Themistocles
2054:
2002:
1964:Peisistratus
1958:
1914:Aristophanes
1875:
1812:
1800:
1791:
1788:Modern Greek
1781:
1769:
1768:The city of
1767:
1696:
1368:
1331:
1321:
1311:
1301:
1291:
1281:
1271:
1261:
1251:
1241:
1231:
1221:
1211:
1201:
1014:Jones (Elin)
919:Flynn (Paul)
879:Clarke (Tom)
874:Clark (Katy)
819:Adams (John)
640:Philosophers
417:Civic virtue
379:Part of the
314:Succeeded by
313:
308:
203:establishes
7293: /
7227:Achaean War
7162:Social War
7157:Lyttian War
7132:Syrian Wars
7127:Pyrrhic War
7096:Hellenistic
7076:Foreign War
7063:Social War
6874:Thrasybulus
6854:Pisistratus
6764:Demosthenes
6724:Cleisthenes
6714:Chremonides
6649:politicians
6548:Place names
6460:Salmydessus
6282:Kalos Limen
6262:Chersonesus
6252:Borysthenes
5957:Tauromenion
5769:Metapontion
5531:Proto-Greek
5484:Erechtheion
5479:Athena Nike
5441:Philippeion
5270:Mathematics
5241:and science
5124:Agriculture
4988:Stesichorus
4898:Bacchylides
4888:Archilochus
4775:Antisthenes
4765:Anaximander
4737:Seven Sages
4727:Playwrights
4707:Geographers
4702:Astronomers
4529:Pezhetairos
4156: 1100
4136:Federations
4035:Megalopolis
3972:City states
3947:City states
3550:MSN Encarta
3259:, the poet
3205:Erechtheion
3152:Antisthenes
3090:Roman times
3034:King-Archon
2824:Skambonidai
2760:Pandroseion
2751:Erechtheion
2742:Erechtheion
2616:Sacred Gate
2448:, about 30
2405:plutocratic
2351:Epaminondas
2325:to capture
2291:Thrasybulus
2285:). In 403,
2271:coup of 411
2246:The modern
2117:Thermopylae
2055:The silver
2021:comic poets
1981:Cleomenes I
1973:Cleisthenes
1851:Cleisthenes
1647:Common good
1587:New Zealand
1582:Netherlands
1327:(1835–1840)
1297:(1787–1788)
1207:(c. 375 BC)
1129:Robespierre
904:Etherington
839:Benn (Tony)
808:Politicians
786:Tocqueville
746:Montesquieu
726:Machiavelli
472:Rule of law
467:Res publica
368:BBC History
309:Preceded by
201:Cleisthenes
167:Legislature
101:Attic Greek
7308:Categories
7192:Cretan War
7104:Lamian War
7025:Samian War
6894:Xanthippus
6879:Thucydides
6869:Theramenes
6804:Hypereides
6799:Hyperbolus
6754:Demochares
6694:Aristophon
6669:Alcibiades
6450:Polemonion
6327:Phanagoria
6297:Kimmerikon
6292:Kerkinitis
6277:Hermonassa
6267:Dioscurias
6163:Aspalathos
6110:Kalathousa
6085:Akra Leuke
6014:Phoenicusa
5799:Scylletium
5784:Poseidonia
5704:Brentesion
5591:Pamphylian
5586:Macedonian
5504:Samothrace
5489:Hephaestus
5436:Long Walls
5415:Structures
5356:Underworld
5302:Technology
5265:Literature
5199:Philosophy
5164:Euergetism
5053:By culture
4998:Thucydides
4840:Pythagoras
4835:Protagoras
4825:Parmenides
4810:Heraclitus
4795:Empedocles
4785:Democritus
4770:Anaximenes
4760:Anaxagoras
4712:Historians
4205: 595
4192: 550
4173: 800
4158: – c.
4086:Cappadocia
3891:Ionian Sea
3881:Hellespont
3846:Aegean Sea
3687:Xenophon,
3620:2020-11-17
3560:26 January
3531:2007-12-26
3509:2007-03-28
3484:2007-03-28
3433:References
3419:Trierarchy
3400:Education
3379:Eupatridae
3253:Thucydides
3201:Karyatides
3143:sacred to
3137:Cynosarges
3127:Kerameikos
3125:The Outer
3102:were held.
3054:Polygnotus
3002:Prytaneion
2994:Prytaneion
2850:Cynosarges
2799:Kerameikos
2797:The Inner
2757:, and the
2755:Erechtheus
2697:Pelasgians
2646:Cynosarges
2608:Kerameikos
2584:Long Walls
2568:Long Walls
2558:Long Walls
2556:, and the
2540:Long Walls
2528:City walls
2513:Long Walls
2409:Lamian War
2333:. Finally
2183:literature
2167:philosophy
2121:Artemisium
2073:Asia Minor
2071:Greeks of
1968:Hipparchus
1886:philosophy
1863:Lamian War
1819:city-state
1790:: Αθήναι,
1687:Monarchism
1677:Liberalism
1672:Jacobinism
1362:Gaṇasaṅgha
1217:(54–51 BC)
701:Harrington
578:Democratic
568:Capitalist
563:Autonomous
545:Venizelism
530:Khomeinism
271:Population
257:Lamian War
249:378–355 BC
236:404–403 BC
223:478–404 BC
117:Government
6987:Classical
6889:Timotheus
6829:Moerocles
6824:Miltiades
6779:Ephialtes
6774:Echedemos
6709:Charmides
6684:Aristides
6674:Andocides
6664:Agyrrhius
6659:Aeschines
6536:in Epirus
6485:Trapezous
6430:Mesambria
6415:Eupatoria
6385:Apollonia
6380:Anchialos
6342:Theodosia
6312:Nymphaion
6302:Myrmekion
6272:Gorgippia
6228:Black Sea
6213:Tragurion
6198:Nymphaion
6183:Epidauros
6178:Epidamnos
6168:Apollonia
6145:Zacynthos
6067:Ptolemais
6061:Apollonia
6034:Cyrenaica
6024:Therassía
6019:Strongyle
5999:Ereikousa
5922:Leontinoi
5862:Apollonia
5739:Hipponion
5536:Mycenaean
5499:Parthenon
5431:Lion Gate
5334:Mythology
5297:Sculpture
5260:Astronomy
5194:Pederasty
5169:Festivals
5154:Education
5034:Lawgivers
5003:Timocreon
4983:Sophocles
4978:Simonides
4953:Philocles
4948:Panyassis
4943:Mimnermus
4908:Herodotus
4903:Euripides
4873:Aeschylus
4820:Leucippus
4780:Aristotle
4559:Strategos
4425:Synedrion
4379:Ostracism
4359:Areopagus
4311:Free city
4106:Macedonia
3990:Byzantion
3896:Macedonia
3861:Cyrenaica
3838:Geography
3772:Geography
3691:iii. 6.14
3410:Taxation
3324:Episkopoi
3315:Politics
3273:Parthenon
3261:Simonides
3249:Herodotus
3237:Aristotle
3233:Sophocles
3229:Euripides
3221:Aeschylus
3166:Aristotle
3141:gymnasium
3006:Prytaneis
2918:Acropolis
2867:Areopagus
2822:The deme
2807:Areopagus
2792:Districts
2765:Pandrosos
2732:Parthenon
2718:Propylaea
2693:Cyclopean
2681:Acropolis
2670:Acropolis
2502:Acropolis
2471:Acropolis
2458:Cephissus
2434:Acropolis
2401:Antipater
2385:Philip II
2323:Sphodrias
2216:Parthenon
2207:strategos
2194:Ephialtes
2175:sculpture
2103:, at the
2097:Miltiades
2085:Miltiades
2034:strategoi
1962:, son of
1930:democracy
1918:Sophocles
1908:, Plato,
1898:Aristotle
1542:Australia
1174:Venizelos
1164:Spadolini
1154:Slaughter
1099:McDonnell
1064:Mackenzie
1009:Jefferson
964:Griffiths
944:de Gaulle
939:Garibaldi
899:Drakeford
791:Warburton
711:Jefferson
706:Honderich
686:Condorcet
573:Christian
535:Nasserism
510:Classical
427:Democracy
158:Philocles
107:Religion
7111:Diadochi
6884:Timoleon
6844:Philinus
6839:Pericles
6819:Lysicles
6814:Lycurgus
6759:Democles
6729:Cleophon
6699:Autocles
6679:Archinus
6585:Category
6563:Theatres
6490:Tripolis
6425:Kerasous
6420:Heraclea
6352:Tyritake
6307:Nikonion
6218:Thronion
6140:Salauris
6095:Emporion
6052:Berenice
6042:Balagrae
5994:Euonymos
5967:Tyndaris
5952:Syracuse
5947:Selinous
5917:Kamarina
5872:Casmenae
5857:Akrillai
5774:Neápolis
5709:Caulonia
5690:Mainland
5621:Linear B
5616:Linear A
5546:Dialects
5523:Language
5317:Religion
5275:Medicine
5209:Religion
5174:Folklore
5159:Emporium
5134:Clothing
5129:Calendar
5013:Xenophon
5008:Tyrtaeus
4993:Theognis
4968:Polybius
4963:Plutarch
4938:Menander
4918:Hipponax
4845:Socrates
4800:Epicurus
4646:Diadochi
4544:Sciritae
4504:Hetairoi
4479:Ballista
4444:Military
4407:Gerousia
4397:Ekklesia
4364:Ecclesia
4346:Athenian
4294:Politics
4207:–279 BC)
4194:–366 BC)
4175:–389 BC)
4111:Pergamon
4081:Bithynia
4074:Kingdoms
4015:Pergamon
3957:Military
3952:Politics
3749:Timeline
3369:Banausos
3345:Society
3279:See also
3269:Pericles
3257:Xenophon
3245:Socrates
3164:, where
3145:Heracles
3082:Pericles
2920:via the
2886:ekklesia
2831:Kollytos
2723:Pericles
2685:Cecropia
2653:Acharnai
2635:Phalerum
2580:Phalerum
2554:Phalerum
2521:Pericles
2498:The City
2487:Pericles
2466:Eridanos
2424:Overview
2419:The city
2279:Cleophon
2198:Pericles
2163:politics
2159:Pericles
2113:Leonidas
2109:Xerxes I
2101:Darius I
2045:Athenian
2029:Assembly
2025:theaters
2007:for the
1910:Pericles
1906:Socrates
1867:hegemony
1859:Isagoras
1841:and the
1837:against
1612:Scotland
1552:Barbados
1203:Republic
1119:Prescott
1089:Naysmith
1079:McKechin
1039:La Malfa
1034:Khomeini
994:Iorwerth
959:Griffith
934:Gambetta
929:Galloway
914:Ferguson
894:Davidson
889:Cromwell
884:Connolly
864:Campbell
781:Sunstein
766:Rousseau
761:Polybius
696:Franklin
676:Chappell
671:Cattaneo
608:People's
593:Imperial
525:Kemalism
462:Republic
396:Concepts
294:Currency
175:Ecclesia
147:Isagoras
7281:23°43′E
7278:37°58′N
7234: (
7172: (
6944:Archaic
6849:Phocion
6789:Eubulus
6744:Demades
6739:Critias
6605:Outline
6558:Temples
6495:Zaliche
6475:Thèrmae
6465:Sesamus
6435:Odessos
6410:Cytorus
6405:Cotyora
6155:Illyria
6120:Mainake
6115:Kypsela
6004:Hycesia
5962:Thermae
5942:Segesta
5932:Messana
5887:Helorus
5867:Calacte
5847:Akragas
5809:Sybaris
5794:Rhegion
5749:Krimisa
5699:Alision
5608:Writing
5581:Locrian
5571:Epirote
5541:Homeric
5474:Artemis
5461:Temples
5402:Olympia
5372:Eleusis
5307:Theatre
5292:Pottery
5219:Warfare
5214:Slavery
5149:Economy
5144:Cuisine
5139:Coinage
5116:Society
5101:Culture
5096:Society
5044:Tyrants
4883:Alcaeus
4865:Authors
4815:Hypatia
4805:Gorgias
4742:Writers
4564:Toxotai
4534:Sarissa
4524:Peltast
4519:Phalanx
4499:Hoplite
4494:Hippeis
4417:Macedon
4389:Spartan
4374:Heliaia
4321:Proxeny
4030:Larissa
4025:Kerkyra
4020:Eretria
4010:Miletus
4005:Ephesus
4000:Corinth
3995:Chalcis
3916:Taurica
3786:Periods
3767:History
3414:Liturgy
3384:Geomori
3374:Ephebos
3364:Aristoi
3265:Phidias
3173:Culture
3168:taught.
3154:taught.
3131:Academy
3120:Suburbs
2979:Metroon
2962:Hadrian
2901:Streets
2786:Ilissos
2689:Cecrops
2620:Eleusis
2612:Academy
2604:Dipylon
2572:Piraeus
2550:Piraeus
2509:Piraeus
2462:Ilissos
2381:Macedon
2327:Piraeus
2317:in the
2307:Corinth
2187:Laurium
2179:history
2125:Boeotia
1994:trittys
1960:Hippias
1936:History
1894:Academy
1876:In the
1855:tyranny
1833:in the
1782:Athênai
1577:Morocco
1567:Jamaica
1562:Ireland
1547:Bahamas
1349:History
1169:Taverne
1144:Skinner
1124:Ritchie
1069:Madison
1049:Lincoln
999:Jackson
989:Huppert
984:Hopkins
909:Fabiani
869:Chapman
854:Bolívar
844:Bennett
834:Bartley
824:Atatürk
736:Mazzini
731:Madison
661:Bentham
651:Baggini
618:Secular
598:Islamic
583:Federal
520:Federal
504:Schools
298:Drachma
255:•
242:•
229:•
216:•
199:•
87:Capital
7329:322 BC
7319:508 BC
7240:Second
7186:Fourth
7178:Second
6834:Nicias
6809:Laches
6794:Hagnon
6595:Portal
6543:People
6531:Cities
6470:Sinope
6455:Rhizos
6445:Phasis
6395:Bathus
6390:Athina
6375:Amisos
6337:Tanais
6332:Pityus
6257:Charax
6208:Pharos
6203:Orikon
6100:Helike
6090:Alonis
6057:Cyrene
5989:Didyme
5902:Himera
5877:Catana
5839:Sicily
5829:Thurii
5824:Terina
5789:Pixous
5744:Hydrus
5719:Croton
5551:Aeolic
5469:Aphaea
5392:Dodona
5377:Delphi
5346:Temple
5022:Others
4973:Sappho
4958:Pindar
4933:Lucian
4928:Ibycus
4913:Hesiod
4850:Thales
4618:Rulers
4597:People
4574:Xyston
4569:Xiphos
4430:Koinon
4336:Tyrant
4326:Stasis
4316:Koinon
4116:Pontus
4091:Epirus
4060:Sparta
4050:Rhodes
4045:Megara
4040:Thebes
3985:Athens
3911:Pontus
3876:Epirus
3866:Cyprus
3851:Aeolis
3671:
3642:
3459:(2008)
3455:
3360:Class
3243:, and
3189:, and
3158:Lyceum
3112:heroon
3078:Odeons
2972:. The
2964:. The
2950:Athens
2846:Diomea
2817:Melite
2737:Athena
2642:Lyceum
2637:began.
2614:. The
2576:stadia
2475:Xerxes
2450:stadia
2446:Attica
2373:, and
2343:Thebes
2335:Thebes
2315:Sparta
2303:Thebes
2260:Sparta
2220:Athena
2214:. The
2129:Thebes
2069:Ionian
2043:Early
2027:. The
2005:by lot
1977:Pythia
1953:, and
1922:cradle
1902:Lyceum
1882:Athens
1839:Sparta
1827:Greece
1823:Attica
1801:Athina
1792:Athine
1778:Ἀθῆναι
1770:Athens
1602:Sweden
1592:Norway
1557:Canada
1337:(1963)
1317:(1794)
1307:(1791)
1287:(1762)
1277:(1755)
1267:(1748)
1257:(1698)
1247:(1656)
1237:(1649)
1227:(1531)
1179:Wilson
1149:Slater
1139:Skates
1094:Mannin
1084:Mullin
1059:Mackay
1024:Juárez
979:Hébert
974:Hatton
969:Harvie
859:Burgon
776:Sidney
771:Sandel
756:Pettit
681:Cicero
646:Arendt
628:Soviet
623:Sister
515:Modern
262:322 BC
210:508 BC
132:
91:Athens
34:Ἀθῆναι
29:Athens
7244:Third
7236:First
7182:Third
7174:First
6859:Solon
6769:Draco
6734:Cleon
6719:Cimon
6553:Stoae
6521:Lists
6440:Oinòe
6363:coast
6361:South
6347:Tyras
6317:Olbia
6287:Kepoi
6240:coast
6238:North
6231:basin
6173:Aulon
6135:Rhode
6047:Barca
5937:Naxos
5892:Henna
5852:Akrai
5819:Taras
5804:Siris
5764:Medma
5759:Locri
5724:Cumae
5714:Chone
5692:Italy
5598:Koine
5576:Ionic
5566:Doric
5561:Attic
5382:Delos
5280:Music
4923:Homer
4878:Aesop
4830:Plato
4732:Poets
4402:Ephor
4354:Agora
4331:Tagus
4306:Boule
4055:Samos
3980:Argos
3886:Ionia
3871:Doris
3856:Crete
3527:. BBC
3450:p. 40
3389:Metic
3241:Plato
3149:Cynic
3026:Agora
3022:Stoae
2998:Cimon
2970:Agora
2922:Agora
2911:Agora
2860:Hills
2837:Koele
2803:Agora
2709:Cimon
2594:Gates
2574:, 40
2517:Conon
2483:Cimon
2438:Agora
2311:Argos
2275:Cleon
2091:(see
2079:(see
2009:Boule
1998:demes
1990:phyle
1890:Plato
1814:polis
1617:Wales
1597:Spain
1572:Japan
1159:Smith
1134:Sayed
1114:Pound
1109:Nehru
1104:Nandy
1074:Magid
1054:Lucas
1044:Lewis
954:Grévy
949:Greer
849:Black
829:Azaña
751:Paine
721:Locke
691:Crick
666:Bodin
656:Bello
557:Types
171:Boule
6480:Tium
6247:Akra
6188:Issa
5882:Gela
5754:Laüs
5729:Elea
5387:Dion
5239:Arts
5229:Wine
4855:Zeno
4452:Wars
3689:Mem.
3669:ISBN
3640:ISBN
3562:2007
3453:ISBN
3255:and
3231:and
3199:The
3105:The
2992:The
2985:The
2944:The
2881:Pnyx
2879:The
2871:Ares
2865:The
2829:The
2814:deme
2812:The
2782:Pnyx
2679:The
2668:The
2628:deme
2624:Pnyx
2519:and
2411:and
2305:and
2277:and
2181:and
2087:and
1896:and
1184:Wood
1029:Kane
741:Mill
716:Kant
5184:Law
3052:by
2289:by
1924:of
1900:'s
1892:'s
1857:of
1807:of
1004:Jay
7310::
7242:,
7238:,
7184:,
7180:,
7176:,
4202:c.
4189:c.
4170:c.
4153:c.
3613:.
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2788:.
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2173:,
2169:,
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