873:. One of his more important efforts, still largely unpublished, was documentation of the still controversial "Cornell/Vicos Project." Directed by Alan Homberg of Cornell and Mario Vasquez of the Universidad de San Marcos, this project aimed to prepare the Indian community of Hacienda Vicos in the central highlands of Peru to survive successfully as a free and independent community. Collier carried out a complete visual ethnography of the community while also recording the operation of the applied project, making use of the full range of visual research methods he and Mary Collier had been developing since their first ethnographic effort with Anibal Buiton in 1946. These methods were further refined in the years following and finally published in 1967 as
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anthropological viewpoints that regard theory or conceptualization as the endpoint of ethnography or anthropological analysis. Instead, he believed that the very energy of a culture could be seen. Some have theorized that, due to his deafness, he developed his visual skills to a very high degree, as is reflected in his photography as well as in his writings. He was also not afraid to use anthropology to make recommendations, especially when asked to do so by study participants. His work has been referenced and his methods used, not only in visual anthropology and sociology but also in psychiatric and educational anthropology.
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849:(discussed below) for early inclusion in his series of basic books in anthropology. Collier spent a great deal of his professional life giving workshops on the use of photography in visual anthropology, in speeches and professional presentations, as well as in more traditional forms of anthropological writing. Although widely recognized as a fine photographer, his major accomplishment was developing and documenting methodologies for
706:, he suffered injuries in a car accident at age 8 that resulted in major brain injuries, associated learning disabilities, and hearing loss that prevented him from successfully completing school beyond a third grade level, although he attended school sporadically into his teens. When it became evident that he could not perform in school, his family permitted to him spend considerable time living with family friends in the
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conflicts in schools for Native students in Alaska as part of a major national study of
American Indian Education. In this and later film based research carried out in Arizona and California, he articulated fresh perspectives toward these groups which emphasized the positive importance of cultural diversity and approaches to schooling that would build on children's own cultural origins and energy.
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766:), where he took more painting classes, did he turn to photography. He was largely self trained, except for some instruction in studio techniques from Sara Higgins Mack. In 1939, after working for a period in San Francisco, he opened a photographic studio in Taos, using what had been Paul Strand's darkroom and studio.
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he argues that many, including other cultural anthropologists, have been "blind" to what can be "seen" within the nonverbal sensibility. His chief contributions to anthropology include this view that seeing and representing the visual is as important as speaking or writing words. He challenged modern
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Generally recognized as the first published use of the term 'visual anthropology', this book and its second edition (co-authored with
Malcolm Collier) have remained important references in the field. As Edward T. Hall writes in the introduction to the later edition of the text, the two Colliers (John
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In mid 1943, he left the OWI and served in the
Merchant Marine until late 1944, when Stryker hired him to work as a photographer for the Standard Oil Company in the Canadian Arctic and later in Latin America. While in Latin America in 1946, he took leave from Sryker's employment to collaborate with
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of
Cornell University as part of a multi-disciplinary team investigation of community mental health in the Maritimes of Canada. Leighton challenged Collier to formalize methodologies for the use of photography in social science research. Collier's efforts in this arena were in fact a collaborative
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The studio was not successful financially but his photographic skill increased significantly and in 1940 he returned to San
Francisco, where he worked both independently and for a number of commercial photographic studios. In 1941, probably through the influence of Dorothea Lange, some of his work
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children and others outside the mainstream. Recognition of his insights in this arena led to his joint appointment as a professor of both anthropology and education at San
Francisco State College (now San Francisco State University). In 1969, he turned to motion picture film to explore cultural
829:
Collier later worked for
Cornell in the Southwest and independently recorded the Cornell Vicos project in Peru during 1954 and 1955. He then freelanced out of New Mexico before moving to California in 1959, where he began a long career as a teacher at San Francisco State University and the San
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production with Mary E. T. Collier, without whose translation of
Collier's insights and discoveries into standard academic language would have been impossible. The work with Leighton laid the intellectual foundation for the later development of the methodologies for visual anthropology.
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Collier is recognized as a major methodological pioneer, in particular for the development of "photo-elicitation" techniques in which photographs are used systematically in interviews to elicit information and insight. In the revised version (1986) of
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In 1943, he married Mary
Elizabeth Trumbull who became a long-term partner in his photographic and anthropological work. Their son Malcolm Collier also became an anthropologist who eventually collaborated with his father on a new edition of
721:. He spent considerable time in the Dixon / Lange household in San Francisco during his early and mid teens and was trained in a wide range of painting techniques and skills. When in Taos he also received informal training from the artist
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while Strand was in the Taos region, and continued to attempt a career in painting and writing through the mid-1930s. Only after a brief, unproductive enrollment at the
California School of Fine Arts (now the
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Starting with the work for Leighton in the Maritimes of Canada, Collier worked on a series of important projects. One example was an intensive documentation of the rural landscape, work and people of
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710:. During the periods he was in California, he came under the influence of Leighton Robinson, a retired English master in sail, who provided him with seamanship training.
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Collier's own non-traditional education led him to an analysis and criticism of schooling in the United States, especially regarding the education of disabled children,
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After leaving Standard Oil at the end of 1946, Collier worked as a freelance photographer in New Mexico and New York. In 1950 he was hired by
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under Roy Emerson Stryker established his career in photography, and he continued with the photographic unit when it was transferred to the
802:. The aesthetic and scientific value of this series of photographs from his fieldwork is later recognized as the first academic work on
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led him to significant contributions in other subfields of anthropology, especially the applied anthropology of education. His book,
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Azuaje-Fidalgo, José. "Diáspora Portuguesa Em Massachusetts Por John Collier Jr." Argos – Revista Do Museu Marítimo De Ílhavo, 2021.
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658:(May 22, 1913 – February 25, 1992) was an American anthropologist and an early leader in the fields of
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MURPHY, JANE M., and LEIGHTON, ALEXANDER H. 1965. "Native Conceptions of Psychiatric Disorder." In
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Collier, Malcolm (April 2003). "The Vicos Photographs of John Collier Jr. and Mary E.T. Collier".
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Collier, Malcolm 1994. "John Collier, Jr: Cultural Diversity and the Camera." in Steve Yates, ed.
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1967 Visual Anthropology: Photography as a Research Method. New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston.
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Harper, Douglas (January 2002). "Talking about pictures: A case for photo elicitation".
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Alaskan Eskimo Education: A Film Analysis of Cultural Confrontation in the Schools
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1150:"John Collier, Jr.: Anthropology, Education and the Quest for Diversity"
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In the early 1930s, he served as an informal guide to the photographer
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Far from Main Street: Three Photographers in Depression-Era New Mexico
949:"Biography - The American Image - The Photographs of John Collier Jr"
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Collier's work in the field of visual anthropology was influenced by
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694:. His father was the head of the Bureau of Indian Affairs during the
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Maxwell Museum's article, with a collection of Collier's photographs
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his wife, Mary E. T. Collier and with the Ecuadorian anthropologist
1038:, 59:cover and pp. 37-49. Report on Cornell/Peru Project at Vicos.
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Vicos and Beyond: A Half Century of Applied Anthropology in Peru.
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Bella, Peter (September 2001). "The Legacy of John Collier, Jr".
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Collier died on February 25, 1992, aged 78, while on vacation in
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Major projects, contributions to visual and applied anthropology
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following surgery. At the time of his death, he had homes in
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666:. His emphasis on analysis and use of still photographs in
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He was also informally apprenticed to the Western painter,
1230:"John Collier Jr., 78, A Teacher, Writer And Photographer"
778:(FSA) as a photographer. Collier's 1941 employment by the
741:, which would remain an anchor place throughout his life.
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For his father, the Commissioner of Indian Affairs, see
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John Collier (anthropologist)'s photographs, on Flickr
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Visual Anthropology: Photography as a Research Method.
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Visual Anthropology: Photography as a Research Method.
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in support of one of Leighton's studies funded by the
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People of the United States Office of War Information
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Visual Anthropology: Photography as a Research Method
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Visual Anthropology: Photography as a Research Method
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878:Jr. and Malcolm) almost singlehandedly established
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46:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
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1060:"John Collier Jr. Photographer, Digby County".
1205:. Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press.
1201:Collier, John Jr., and Malcolm Collier. 1986.
1121:Collier, John Jr., and Malcolm Collier. 1986.
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1021:Collier, John Jr and Anibal Butron 1949.
770:from New Mexico came to the attention of
106:Learn how and when to remove this message
686:John Collier Jr., born May 22, 1913, in
1216:Approaches to Cross-Cultural Psychiatry
1138:. New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston.
1000:. Santa Fe: Museum of New Mexico Press.
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729:for a voyage from San Francisco around
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1490:San Francisco State University faculty
1025:. Chicago: University of Chicago Press
1505:20th-century American anthropologists
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44:adding citations to reliable sources
753:Career and professional development
378:Incidents of Travel in Chichen Itza
1148:Barnhardt, Ray (August 14, 2006).
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1156:. University of Alaska Fairbanks.
749:(1986). He had three other sons.
424:Museum of Indian Arts and Culture
419:Museum of Anthropology, Cambridge
404:National Anthropological Archives
1228:Hagen, Charles (March 5, 1992).
371:Nǃai, the Story of a ǃKung Woman
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1500:United States Merchant Mariners
1154:Alaska Native Knowledge Network
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1485:People from Sparkill, New York
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698:. John Jr. grew up largely in
228:Maxwell Museum of Anthropology
210:San Francisco State University
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414:Museum of Anthropology at UBC
814:on an ethnographic study of
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790:quality, depicting life in
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472:Margaret Mead Film Festival
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972:Visual Anthropology Review
467:List of ethnographic films
429:Robert Hull Fleming Museum
409:Centro Cultural Mexiquense
120:John Collier (sociologist)
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692:sociologist John Collier
676:University of New Mexico
1421:12 Million Black Voices
704:Mill Valley, California
385:The Doon School Quintet
240:Part of a series on the
1480:Visual anthropologists
1101:10.1080/08949460310022
925:Muir Beach, California
871:Rockefeller Foundation
953:americanimage.unm.edu
839:Alexander H. Leighton
823:Alexander H. Leighton
796:Portuguese immigrants
682:Early life and family
619:cultural anthropology
1062:Nova Scotia Archives
1023:The Awakening Valley
959:on January 20, 2007.
917:San José, Costa Rica
664:applied anthropology
594:Hortense Powdermaker
202:Standard Oil Company
173:San José, Costa Rica
40:improve this article
1353:Marion Post Wolcott
1089:Visual Anthropology
1073:Greaves, Tom 2010.
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564:Claude Lévi-Strauss
487:Salvage ethnography
482:Museum anthropology
357:Nanook of the North
332:Art of the Americas
246:Anthropology of art
192:Visual anthropology
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688:Sparkill, New York
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55:"John Collier Jr."
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51:Find sources:
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29:This article
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1389:Gordon Parks
1371:John Collier
1370:
1329:Walker Evans
1317:Theodor Jung
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534:John Collier
477:Cantometrics
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364:The Ax Fight
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319:Case studies
297:Body culture
198:Institutions
180:
147:May 22, 1913
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38:Please help
33:verification
30:
1475:1992 deaths
1470:1913 births
1444:Roy Stryker
1365:Jack Delano
1361:(1936/1938)
1359:John Vachon
1347:Russell Lee
1341:Carl Mydans
867:Nova Scotia
835:Roy Stryker
792:New England
759:Paul Strand
668:ethnography
589:Bruno Nettl
554:Alfred Gell
462:Ethnocinema
342:Oceanic art
96:August 2024
1464:Categories
935:References
599:Jean Rouch
569:Alan Lomax
524:Franz Boas
492:Tribal art
165:1992-02-26
66:newspapers
1323:Ben Shahn
1109:143044227
788:narrative
731:Cape Horn
307:New media
1189:14041600
696:New Deal
514:Tim Asch
496:Folk art
1432:Related
398:Museums
163: (
80:scholar
1424:(1941)
1416:(1936)
1397:(1942)
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615:Social
187:Fields
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1405:Works
1185:S2CID
1105:S2CID
919:, of
911:Death
259:dance
255:music
251:media
220:Notes
87:JSTOR
73:books
897:and
837:and
662:and
617:and
348:Film
264:film
262:and
158:Died
144:Born
59:news
1294:FSA
1177:doi
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324:Art
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