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Transposition frequency of IS elements is dependent of multiple parameters, including culture growth phase, medium composition, oxygen tension, growth scale, and structural conformation of target sites (e.g.: curvature, presence of certain motifs, DNA composition). Recombination between genomic IS
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which catalyses the enzymatic reaction allowing the IS to move, and also one regulatory protein which either stimulates or inhibits the transposition activity. The coding region in an insertion sequence is usually flanked by
253:"Evidence that the insertion events of IS2 transposition are biased towards abrupt compositional shifts in target DNA and modulated by a diverse set of culture parameters"
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A complex transposon does not rely on flanking insertion sequences for resolvase. The resolvase is part of the tns genome and cuts at flanking inverted repeats.
154:). Nevertheless, there exist another sort of transposons, called unit transposons, that do not carry insertion sequences at their extremities (e.g. Tn
39:. Insertion sequences have two major characteristics: they are small relative to other transposable elements (generally around 700 to 2500
311:
Cerisy T, Souterre T, Torres-Romero I, Boutard M, Dubois I, Patrouix J, Labadie K, Berrabah W, Salanoubat M, Doring V, Tolonen AC (2017).
76:, coding the transposase (OrfAB) and a regulatory protein (OrfA). A particular insertion sequence may be named according to the form IS
460:
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146:. In a composite transposon, two insertion sequences flank one or more accessory genes, such as an antibiotic resistance gene (e.g.
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etc.); this is not the only naming scheme used, however. Although insertion sequences are usually discussed in the context of
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sites can enable bacteria to adapt to new environments, making IS elements an important mechanism for evolution in bacteria.
68:(1250 bp) is flanked by two 36bp inverted repeat extremities and the coding region has two genes partially overlapping
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Goncalves GA, Oliveira PH, Gomes AG, Prather KL, Lewis LA, Parzeres DM, Monteiro GA (2014).
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In addition to occurring autonomously, insertion sequences may also occur as parts of
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Diagram illustrating the role of insertion sequences ("IS") in a composite transposon
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313:"Evolution of a Biomass-Fermenting Bacterium To Resist Lignin Phenolics"
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Prescott, Lansing M.; Harley, John P.; and Klein, Donald A. (2002).
455:(2nd ed.), p. 220. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall PTR.
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transposable elements may be considered to be insertion sequences.
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380:(6th ed.), pp. 345–346. San Francisco: Benjamin Cummings.
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in length) and only code for proteins implicated in the
440:(5th ed.), pp. 298–299. New York: McGraw-Hill.
194:Mahillon, Jacques; Chandler, Michael (2020-12-26).
451:Shuler, Michael L. and Kargi, Fikret (2002).
376:Campbell, Neil A. and Reece, Jane B. (2002).
127:DNA sequences belonging to the family of Tc1/
47:activity (they are thus different from other
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392:Mahillon Jacques, Chandler Michael (2020).
51:, which also carry accessory genes such as
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200:Microbiology and Molecular Biology Reviews
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55:genes). These proteins are usually the
453:Bioprocess Engineering: Basic Concepts
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64:. For example, the well-known IS
35:sequence that acts as a simple
411:10.1128/MMBR.62.3.725-774.1998
212:10.1128/MMBR.62.3.725-774.1998
1:
510:
25:insertion sequence element
272:10.1007/s00253-014-5695-6
260:Appl Microbiol Biotechnol
494:Mobile genetic elements
175:Mobile genetic elements
317:Appl Environ Microbiol
139:
394:"Insertion sequences"
196:"Insertion Sequences"
144:composite transposons
137:
53:antibiotic resistance
329:10.1128/AEM.00289-17
37:transposable element
140:
19:(also known as an
489:Molecular biology
323:(11): e00289-17.
266:(15): 6609–6619.
17:Insertion element
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118:prokaryotic
57:transposase
49:transposons
483:Categories
181:References
125:eukaryotic
123:, certain
29:IS element
474:IS Finder
220:1092-2172
357:28363966
290:24769900
169:See also
88:(e.g. IS
80:, where
27:, or an
430:9729608
378:Biology
365:4705511
348:5440714
298:9826684
238:9729608
129:mariner
121:genomes
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86:number
421:98933
361:S2CID
294:S2CID
256:(PDF)
229:98933
84:is a
74:orfAB
23:, an
457:ISBN
442:ISBN
426:PMID
382:ISBN
353:PMID
286:PMID
234:PMID
216:ISSN
150:, Tn
148:Tn10
112:, IS
108:, IS
104:, IS
100:, IS
96:, IS
92:, IS
72:and
70:orfA
416:PMC
406:doi
343:PMC
333:hdl
325:doi
276:hdl
268:doi
224:PMC
208:doi
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110:911
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33:DNA
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78:n
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