2142:
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1433:
8807:
46:
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2193:
officially started broadcasting. Meizhou Radio News: FM94.8 or urban FM101.9. Meizhou Radio
Traffic Channel: FM105.8 MHz. Meizhou Radio Private Car Channel: FM94.0 or urban FM103.9. Until now, Hakka Chinese is still used for news program, radio drama program, emotional program, entertainment program
1684:
Like other southern
Chinese varieties, Hakka retains many single syllable words from earlier stages of Chinese; thus, a large number of syllables are distinguished by tone and final consonant. This reduces the need for compound words. However, like other Chinese varieties, it does have words of more
774:
2232:
was reorganized after the separation of the
National Cultural System Reform Bureau. It is a public institution under the jurisdiction of the Meixian County Party Committee and County Government. The channel can be watched in Meizhou and surrounding area with an audience of over 4 million people.
2160:
started broadcasting. It broadcast nine hours of Hakka
Chinese programs every day through shortwave radio and online radio, targeting countries and regions where Hakka people gather, such as Japan, Indonesia, Mauritius, Reunion Island, Australia, Hong Kong and Taiwan.
491:
976:
and is sometimes classified as a variety of Gan, with a few northern Hakka varieties even being partially mutually intelligible with southern Gan. There is also a possibility that the similarities are just a result of shared
777:
782:
780:
776:
775:
781:
3610:
3601:
779:
1245:
Due to the migration of its speakers, Hakka may have been influenced by other language areas through which the Hakka-speaking forebears migrated. For instance, common vocabulary is found in Hakka,
2156:
In 1950, China
Central People's Broadcasting Station recruited the first Hakka broadcaster, Zhang Guohua, based on a radius of two kilometers from the Meixian government. On April 10th, 1950, the
2491:
1480:
dialect lacks the medial, so whereas the
Meixian dialect pronounces the character 光 as , the Hong Kong Hakka dialect pronounces it as , which is similar to the Hakka spoken in neighbouring
1476:. Each county has its own special phonological points of interest. For instance, Xingning lacks the codas and . These have merged into and , respectively. Further away from Meixian, the
2178:
5342:
2471:
1546:). Most Hakka speakers in Taiwan can trace their ancestry to these two regions. Sixian speakers come from Jiaying Prefecture, mainly from the four counties of Chengxiang (now
2261:
1448:
Hakka has as many regional dialects as there are counties with Hakka speakers as the majority. Some of these Hakka dialects are not mutually intelligible with each other.
1208:, and brought with them features of Chinese varieties spoken in those areas during that time. (Since then, the speech in those regions has evolved into dialects of modern
1074:
2820:
2056:
2995:
1007:
in mainland China has been taken as the "standard" dialect by the government of mainland China. The
Guangdong Provincial Education Department created an official
8190:
778:
5901:
2215:
1294:
5225:
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2115:
Dialects of Hakka have been written in a number of Latin orthographies, largely for religious purposes, since at least the mid-19th century. The popular
431:
2938:
2488:
1487:
Tones also vary across the dialects of Hakka. The majority of Hakka dialects have six tones. However, there are dialects which have lost all of their
2247:
added a Hakka
Chinese radio break which broadcasts to the southeast coast of Mainland China, Taiwan, Southeast Asia, the South Pacific and Japan. On
8859:
7796:
5945:
3931:
1503:, which is situated in Western Fujian province. Moreover, there is evidence of the retention of an earlier Hakka tone system in the dialects of
5523:
2869:
2298:
4762:
2963:
2778:
2759:
5963:
5573:
2206:
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1226:
to be sister dialects that descended from a single common ancestral language (Proto-Southern Gan) spoken in central
Jiangxi during the
8183:
2727:
2561:
2537:
129:
1014:
The She ethnic group and Hakka people have a history of contact, and Hakka language has entered the She language in large numbers.
3197:
8899:
5894:
8874:
8864:
8854:
5993:
5495:
3722:
2573:
2489:
Standards for
Identification of Basic Language Abilities and General Knowledge of the Rights and Duties of Naturalized Citizens
2449:
500:
4202:
2602:
8889:
8884:
8869:
3845:
2981:
2929:
712:
553:
409:
67:
63:
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Due to its primary usage in isolated regions where communication is limited to the local area, Hakka has developed numerous
110:
8909:
8879:
8680:
5811:
5265:
2644:
539:
82:
3727:
3383:
1269:
A regular pattern of sound change can generally be detected in Hakka, as in most Chinese varieties, of the derivation of
972:
or other branches of Chinese, and itself contains a few mutually unintelligible varieties. It is most closely related to
8849:
8176:
7026:
6086:
5870:
5781:
5305:
3780:
2283:
3428:
3066:
992:, thus regarding the language as a subject for its study and preservation. Pronunciation differences exist between the
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5887:
5786:
5658:
5583:
5240:
3773:
3350:
393:
288:
89:
1103:
who are the predominant original native speakers of the variety literally means "guest families" or "guest people":
8797:
5828:
5801:
5678:
5590:
5337:
5317:
2477:[Act on Broadcasting Language Equality Protection in Public Transport] (in Chinese) – via Wikisource.
2149:
1559:
1453:
627:
6935:
6090:
5380:
4078:
3838:
3673:
3120:
3041:
3170:
7416:
6955:
6920:
6021:
5754:
5739:
5729:
5443:
3754:
3357:
1053:
510:
479:
96:
3418:
2877:
Dialect Variations in Chinese: Papers from the Third International Conference on Sinology, Linguistics Section
1988:(Hakka ) as 'to drink' where the meanings in Hakka are different, 'to stutter' and 'be thirsty' respectively.
4095:
1317:
to a w-like sound before grave vowels, while Cantonese retained the original distinction (compare Mandarin 武
8348:
8117:
7811:
7069:
6980:
6862:
6857:
5766:
4640:
4602:
4005:
3748:
3534:
1340:
in Baxter's transcription) of the characters 人 (person, people) and 日 (sun, day), among others, merged with
1231:
211:
56:
3501:
1242:
layer. Lexical connections between Hakka, Kra-Dai, and Hmong-Mien have also been suggested by Deng (1999).
8904:
8839:
8506:
8311:
8306:
8301:
8296:
8207:
7840:
7657:
7339:
6164:
6159:
6130:
6118:
5700:
5543:
4141:
3794:
3787:
3567:
3004:
2410:
1567:
1404:
1213:
1197:
1070:
953:
667:
571:
253:
78:
2326:; also statutory status in Taiwan as one of the languages for public transport announcements and for the
2152:
and of Taiwanese Hakka descent, appears on "Lecturer Hakka Language Radio Broadcasting" to give a speech.
8784:
8129:
8105:
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6289:
5695:
5618:
5332:
5310:
4065:
3898:
3737:
3687:
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2176:
had started broadcasting. Hakka Chinese began to appear in television programs. In 2021, it was renamed
1449:
996:
dialects and mainland China's Hakka dialects; even in Taiwan, two major local varieties of Hakka exist.
893:
413:
8003:
5149:
5139:
4124:
2204:
In 2001, Meizhou Television Station merged with Meizhou People’s Broadcasting Station and was renamed
1615:
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7456:
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3395:
3341:
2273:
1235:
862:
298:
6384:
5058:
4567:
2880:
1912:
1898:
1856:
1635:
8779:
8767:
8447:
8199:
8089:
8069:
7833:
7760:
7461:
7446:
7431:
7411:
7406:
6817:
6046:
5968:
5707:
5673:
5508:
5475:
5322:
5250:
5167:
5008:
5003:
4757:
4073:
3732:
3322:
3149:
3080:
2958:. Language and linguistics Monograph Series 63. Taipei: Institute of Linguistics, Academia Sinica.
1555:
1465:
8650:
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5538:
4871:
2288:
2109:
2095:
1610:
851:
819:
750:
686:
367:
8762:
8532:
8366:
8284:
8225:
8216:
7806:
7740:
7689:
7642:
7586:
7316:
7259:
6985:
6141:
5910:
5823:
5690:
5653:
5436:
5370:
5365:
5255:
5245:
4742:
4550:
4545:
3944:
3573:
3182:
3048:
2942:
2856:
2507:
1538:, there are two main dialects: Sixian and Hailu (alternatively known as Haifeng; Hailu refers to
1216:, as are found in other modern southern Chinese varieties, but which have been lost in Mandarin.
358:
8660:
7441:
6051:
5094:
4849:
1940:
Hakka, as well as numerous other Chinese varieties such as Min and Cantonese, prefers the verb
4463:
2773:. Princeton/Cambridge Studies in Chinese Linguistics. Vol. 5. Cambridge University Press.
8747:
8742:
8704:
8564:
8515:
8480:
8393:
8333:
8013:
7673:
7547:
7492:
7384:
7292:
7287:
7244:
7166:
6897:
6877:
6802:
6779:
6552:
6434:
6404:
6246:
6237:
6189:
6179:
6026:
5958:
5734:
5724:
5603:
5568:
5423:
5375:
5327:
5216:
4947:
4881:
4737:
4722:
4393:
4370:
4324:
4249:
4175:
4055:
4023:
3977:
3916:
3906:
3871:
3681:
3641:
3619:
3584:
3578:
3543:
3481:
3475:
3455:
3249:
3237:
3220:
3128:
3074:
3054:
2959:
2774:
2755:
2723:
2557:
2533:
2117:
2073:
1640:
1543:
1508:
989:
258:
5099:
5089:
5074:
4488:
8720:
8524:
8439:
8403:
8388:
8383:
8376:
8361:
8084:
8079:
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8008:
7988:
7877:
7872:
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7735:
7632:
7624:
7497:
7477:
7426:
7393:
7354:
7349:
7344:
7302:
7297:
7279:
7127:
7117:
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6940:
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6452:
6414:
6354:
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6222:
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5840:
5360:
5235:
5020:
4942:
4893:
4854:
4803:
4717:
4669:
4653:
4533:
4493:
4427:
4415:
4375:
4329:
4275:
4270:
4260:
4254:
4083:
4028:
4013:
3889:
3861:
3702:
3662:
3632:
3606:
3556:
3514:
3423:
3400:
3293:
3280:
3273:
3230:
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3018:
2916:
2801:
1547:
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1209:
969:
886:
830:
798:
599:
327:
263:
203:
4866:
4562:
4510:
4505:
4439:
1212:). The presence of many archaic features occur in modern Hakka, including final consonants
103:
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8752:
8655:
8635:
8569:
8452:
8429:
8424:
8398:
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7249:
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7011:
7006:
6950:
6842:
6812:
6761:
6736:
6721:
6695:
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6655:
6600:
6542:
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6507:
6502:
6447:
6379:
6359:
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6174:
6076:
6041:
6036:
6011:
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5771:
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5628:
5613:
5608:
5352:
5202:
5192:
5172:
5129:
5124:
4990:
4954:
4937:
4927:
4684:
4620:
4407:
4303:
4298:
4207:
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4149:
4129:
4114:
4109:
4050:
4045:
4035:
4018:
3990:
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3939:
3694:
3648:
3507:
3389:
3328:
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3109:
3100:
3086:
2495:
2303:
2130:
2101:
1942:
1824:
1630:
1584:
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1574:
1563:
1432:
1422:
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993:
985:
835:
803:
337:
322:
245:
215:
191:
5796:
5084:
4500:
2899:
1926:
1884:
1870:
8757:
8640:
8612:
8419:
8371:
8328:
8318:
8261:
8243:
8074:
8018:
7998:
7801:
7766:
7755:
7750:
7745:
7652:
7604:
7542:
7512:
7507:
7369:
7359:
7324:
7234:
7199:
7184:
7132:
7092:
7087:
7082:
7031:
6975:
6945:
6925:
6915:
6910:
6887:
6807:
6792:
6787:
6756:
6731:
6716:
6711:
6680:
6675:
6665:
6660:
6650:
6645:
6640:
6635:
6590:
6565:
6512:
6424:
6409:
6374:
6344:
6339:
6319:
6309:
6304:
6299:
6227:
6212:
6154:
6149:
6056:
6016:
6001:
5845:
5835:
5806:
5513:
5485:
5197:
5182:
5035:
5030:
5015:
4959:
4898:
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4732:
4679:
4648:
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3469:
3446:
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3315:
3287:
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3134:
3060:
2844:
2327:
2256:
2126:
1625:
1539:
1298:
1239:
1219:
882:
348:
4357:
471:
8833:
8774:
8645:
8592:
8488:
8457:
8356:
8338:
8059:
7933:
7909:
7681:
7614:
7572:
7557:
7482:
7334:
7239:
7112:
7107:
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6872:
6852:
6847:
6837:
6827:
6822:
6797:
6751:
6746:
6741:
6726:
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6620:
6615:
6610:
6605:
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6585:
6580:
6570:
6517:
6497:
6492:
6487:
6482:
6477:
6472:
6467:
6419:
6399:
6394:
6389:
6369:
6349:
6334:
6329:
6324:
6284:
6274:
6259:
6254:
6207:
6169:
6071:
6061:
5646:
5458:
5453:
5025:
4969:
4964:
4932:
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4747:
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4630:
4520:
4280:
4119:
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3488:
3410:
3176:
3141:
3093:
2278:
2122:
1620:
1590:
1156:
1079:
1043:
978:
2581:
2457:
8823:
8735:
8556:
8039:
7904:
7867:
7567:
7532:
7522:
7502:
7374:
7254:
7219:
7209:
7204:
7189:
7077:
7001:
6905:
6882:
6575:
6442:
6364:
6314:
6264:
6066:
6006:
5518:
5468:
4844:
4727:
4700:
4244:
4234:
3462:
3378:
3334:
3263:
2751:
Problems in Comparative Chinese Dialectology – the Classification of Miin and Hakka
2610:
2293:
2145:
2105:
1495:), and the characters originally of this tone class are distributed across the non-
1488:
1469:
1379:
The initial consonant phoneme exhibited by the character 話 (word, speech; Mandarin
1250:
1227:
1181:
1100:
1063:
1008:
866:
740:
606:
363:
332:
226:
20:
1313:
in Hakka respectively. Like in Mandarin, labiodentalisation in Hakka also changed
2749:
1123:) means "family". Among themselves, Hakka people variously called their language
8604:
8579:
8547:
7950:
7926:
7899:
7889:
7862:
7847:
7823:
7647:
7224:
7147:
7142:
7102:
6832:
5663:
5637:
5533:
5503:
5480:
5448:
5187:
5177:
4981:
4876:
4861:
4824:
4772:
4593:
4584:
4480:
4319:
4194:
3921:
3808:
3023:
1457:
1277:
Characters such as 武 (war, martial arts) or 屋 (room, house), pronounced roughly
1258:
1246:
1223:
1193:
973:
965:
957:
641:
303:
293:
45:
8806:
2665:
8730:
8587:
7978:
7916:
7894:
7264:
7137:
5079:
5053:
4819:
4785:
4290:
4217:
2806:
2789:
2403:
2374:
2368:
2362:
2356:
2341:
1984:
1973:
1962:
1953:
1818:
1804:
1790:
1776:
1762:
1748:
1734:
1720:
1706:
1254:
961:
620:
34:
1011:
of Moiyen in 1960, one of four languages receiving this status in Guangdong.
8725:
8537:
7955:
7943:
7938:
7882:
7214:
6031:
5953:
5528:
5279:
5270:
4998:
4888:
4540:
4528:
4339:
4170:
3823:
indicates single languages that are also considered to be separate branches.
3801:
3442:
3207:
3014:
1512:
1477:
1004:
949:
937:
901:
705:
464:
448:
195:
187:
27:
2771:
The Hakka Dialect: A Linguistic Study of Its Phonology, Syntax and Lexicon
2398:
1966:( / ) for the verb 'to eat' and 'to drink', unlike Mandarin which prefers
490:
455:
7921:
5850:
5818:
5404:
5045:
4226:
2220:
1551:
1481:
1473:
1461:
945:
941:
878:
726:
518:
506:
199:
2973:
2946:
2924:
2860:
1192:
during periods of war and civil unrest dating back as far as the end of
7960:
5717:
5397:
5284:
5113:
4709:
3303:
1504:
1270:
1205:
1160:
929:
925:
917:
905:
897:
747:
514:
207:
8168:
2722:] (in Chinese). Xianggang zhongwen daxue chubanshe. p. xxvi.
1395:
does not properly exist as a distinct unit in many Chinese varieties).
5879:
5776:
5578:
3216:
3031:
2323:
1570:(, , and ), which are uncommon in other southern Chinese varieties.
1535:
933:
913:
909:
874:
840:
808:
787:
403:
2833:
Ajia Afurika Gengo Bunka Kenkyū / Journal of Asia and Africa Studies
2754:. Trends in Linguistics series, no. 123. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter.
2240:
started broadcasting. Hakka Chinese is used on Sihai Kejia Channel.
1519:
tone, giving rise to seven tones in all (with yin-yang registers in
1230:. In Hakka and southern Gan, Sagart (2002) identifies a non-Chinese
172:
3830:
2210:. In 2004, the station had officially completed its establishment.
5289:
3212:
3027:
2450:"Draft National Language Development Act Clears Legislative Floor"
2140:
2061:
2055:
1431:
1201:
1189:
1185:
1184:
have their origins in several episodes of migration from northern
921:
870:
772:
425:
2689:
Zhan, Bohui 詹伯慧 (1993). "Guǎngdōng Shěng Ráopíng fāngyán jì yīn"
8172:
7057:
6116:
5883:
3834:
2977:
2017:
Has your mother returned from going to the market yet, child?
1408:
usually corresponds with a voiceless alveo-palatal fricative (
1021:
39:
19:
This article is about the language group. For the people, see
2225:". In Taiwan, there are seven Hakka Chinese radio channels.
2121:
has also been translated into Hakka (2000), specifically the
755:
484:
79-AAA-g > 79-AAA-ga (+ 79-AAA-gb transition to 79-AAA-h)
2879:. Taipei: Academia Sinica. pp. 129–153. Archived from
2847:(1998). "On distinguishing Hakka and non-Hakka dialects".
517:
characters. For an introductory guide on IPA symbols, see
2472:"Dàzhòng yùnshū gōngjù bòyīn yǔyán píngděng bǎozhàng fǎ"
2045:
It's very cold, the water in the bucket has frozen over.
2031:
His/her younger brother caught a butterfly to play with.
731:
717:
651:
1653:(Meixian, Wuhua, Raoping, Taiwan Kejia: Meizhou above),
632:
2645:"Kèjiāhuà gēn Miáo-Yáo-Zhuàng-Dòngyǔ de Guānxì wèntí"
26:"Hakfa" redirects here. For the village in Syria, see
8795:
2201:
was launched. It used Mandarin, Cantonese and Hakka.
1978:
1967:
1947:
1946:
when referring to 'saying', rather than the Mandarin
1444:(I speak Hakka. Hakka-language-friendly environment.)
1118:
1108:
611:
8713:
8697:
8679:
8626:
8603:
8578:
8555:
8546:
8523:
8514:
8505:
8479:
8470:
8438:
8412:
8347:
8270:
8254:
8224:
8215:
8206:
8098:
8027:
7971:
7775:
7713:
7666:
7623:
7585:
7470:
7392:
7383:
7315:
7278:
7165:
7156:
7068:
6994:
6896:
6778:
6704:
6551:
6433:
6245:
6236:
6188:
6140:
6129:
6105:
6085:
5992:
5940:
5933:
5917:
5747:
5716:
5645:
5636:
5627:
5561:
5552:
5494:
5414:
5389:
5351:
5298:
5224:
5160:
5112:
5067:
5044:
4989:
4980:
4918:
4837:
4812:
4794:
4771:
4708:
4699:
4662:
4639:
4601:
4592:
4583:
4519:
4479:
4406:
4384:
4356:
4338:
4312:
4289:
4225:
4216:
4193:
4163:
4140:
4064:
4004:
3976:
3953:
3930:
3897:
3888:
3879:
3763:
3715:
3672:
3600:
3533:
3441:
3409:
3367:
3302:
3205:
3119:
3012:
2264:had added automatic broadcasting in Hakka Chinese.
2262:
Publicity Department of the Chinese Communist Party
1515:province. They contain a yin-yang splitting in the
1196:. The forebears of the Hakka came from present-day
855:
823:
746:
739:
725:
711:
704:
691:
685:
672:
666:
659:
647:
640:
626:
619:
605:
598:
593:
570:
552:
538:
529:
478:
462:
446:
441:
392:
382:
377:
345:
316:
281:
242:
232:
222:
182:
144:
70:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
2870:"Gan, Hakka and the Formation of Chinese Dialects"
2528:Thurgood, Graham; LaPolla, Randy J., eds. (2003).
2207:Meizhou Radio and Television Station(MRT, 梅州廣播電視臺)
2794:Journal of the International Phonetic Association
1069:for phonetic transcriptions, with an appropriate
2925:"On the genetic affiliation of Shehua 《论畬话的归属》"
2187:Meizhou People’s Broadcasting Station(梅州人民廣播電臺)
2129:). This also was dual-script, albeit using the
2956:Common Neo-Hakka: A Comparative Reconstruction
1364:), while in Cantonese, it merged with initial
1273:from earlier forms of Chinese. Some examples:
1147:), literally "Native Guangdong language", and
16:Sinitic language originating in southern China
8184:
5895:
3846:
2989:
2574:"The Hakka People > Historical Background"
2556:畲族语言. Fuzhou: Fujian People's Press 福建人民出版社.
2448:Fan, Cheng-hsiang; Kao, Evelyn (2018-12-25).
2230:Meixian Radio and Television Station(梅縣廣播電視臺)
2219:established a Hakka satellite cable channel "
2077:
2036:
2022:
2008:
1436:
558:
544:
150:
8:
2819:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
2216:Taiwan Broadcasting System (TBS, 臺灣公共廣播電視集團)
2191:Meizhou Wired Broadcasting Station(梅州有線廣播電臺)
2125:dialect of Taiwan (itself a variant of the
1352:). For comparison, in Mandarin, /ɲ/ became
1238:, an archaic layer, and a more recent Late
162:
156:
8552:
8520:
8511:
8476:
8221:
8212:
8191:
8177:
8169:
7389:
7162:
7065:
7054:
6242:
6137:
6126:
6113:
6109:
5937:
5902:
5888:
5880:
5866:
5642:
5633:
5558:
4986:
4705:
4598:
4589:
4222:
3894:
3885:
3853:
3839:
3831:
3669:
3530:
3364:
3116:
2996:
2982:
2974:
2831:O'Connor, Kevin A. (1976). "Proto-Hakka".
2199:3CW Chinese Radio Australia(3CW澳大利亞中文廣播電臺)
590:
489:
432:Guangdong Province Department of Education
171:
141:
2939:The Chinese University of Hong Kong Press
2805:
2423:
2072:Hakka Chinese is typically written using
900:, spoken in different provinces, such as
186:South and southwestern China centered on
130:Learn how and when to remove this message
1990:
1837:
1687:
8802:
2391:
2315:
2251:, Sihai Kejia Channel has also joined.
1649:reports the dialects of Hakka as being
1499:tones. An example of such a dialect is
1442:(Ngài gong Hak。Hak-ngî yû-san fàn-kín)
511:question marks, boxes, or other symbols
2825:, with supplementary sound recordings.
2812:
2630:
2435:
2299:Protection of the Varieties of Chinese
2260:Platform under the supervision of the
526:
2788:Lee, Wai-Sum & Zee, Eric (2009).
2700:(in Simplified Chinese) (2): 129–141.
2456:. Central News Agency. Archived from
1336:Middle Chinese initial phonemes /ɲ/ (
1261:, which is closely related to Hakka.
1163:province, people call their language
315:
7:
1566:, except Sixian and Dabu, preserved
1253:(Hmong–Mien) languages. Today, most
1222:(2002) considers Hakka and southern
68:adding citations to reliable sources
1511:, situated in coastal southeastern
2100:Various dialects of Hakka such as
1059:for transliterated languages, and
1039:of its non-English content, using
14:
2354:The Standard Chinese equivalents
2166:Meizhou Television Station(梅州電視臺)
1452:is surrounded by the counties of
8817:
8805:
5865:
5343:Literary and colloquial readings
5215:
3196:
2898:Schaank, Simon Hartwich (1897).
2409:
1423:Meixian dialect § Phonology
1026:
177:"Kejiahua" in Chinese characters
44:
756:
732:
718:
692:
673:
652:
633:
55:needs additional citations for
8860:Chinese languages in Singapore
2930:Journal of Chinese Linguistics
2904:(in Dutch). Leiden: E.J. Brill
2868:——— (2002).
2849:Journal of Chinese Linguistics
2769:Hashimoto, Mantaro J. (2010).
2748:Branner, David Prager (2000).
2104:, is sometimes written in the
2078:
1941:
1911:
1897:
1855:
1823:
1075:multilingual support templates
889:communities around the world.
845:
813:
612:
559:
545:
1:
2603:"[Insert title here]"
1257:in Fujian and Zhejiang speak
1180:It is commonly believed that
786:A Hakka speaker, recorded in
5871:List of varieties of Chinese
2792:. Illustrations of the IPA.
2609:(in Chinese). Archived from
2284:Hakka Transliteration Scheme
2249:Radio The Greater Bay(大灣區之聲)
1977:(Hakka / ) as 'to eat' and
1587:(otherwise known as Meizhou)
861:) forms a language group of
856:
824:
163:
157:
2517:– via law.moj.gov.tw.
1979:
1968:
1948:
1119:
1109:
8926:
5829:Taiwanese Phonetic Symbols
2923:Nakanishi, Hiroki (2010).
2643:Deng, Xiaohua 邓晓华 (1999).
2530:The Sino-Tibetan Languages
2179:Hakka Life Channel(客家生活頻道)
2150:Republic of China (Taiwan)
2093:
1420:
32:
25:
18:
8140:
8113:Southern (Shanghai) Sign
7064:
7053:
6125:
6112:
5863:
5213:
3868:
3818:
3194:
2954:Coblin, W. South (2019).
2807:10.1017/S0025100308003599
2454:Focus Taiwan News Channel
2373:
2367:
2361:
2355:
2340:
2245:Shenzhou Easy Radio(神州之聲)
2037:
2023:
2009:
1983:
1972:
1961:
1952:
1925:
1883:
1869:
1817:
1803:
1789:
1775:
1761:
1747:
1733:
1719:
1705:
1577:(not to be confused with
1437:
1344:/ŋ/ initials in Hakka (人
1155:), "My/our language". In
865:, spoken natively by the
834:
802:
767:
589:
585:
566:
534:
497:
488:
384:Official language in
170:
151:
149:
2715:
2711:Liu, Zhenfa 劉鎮發 (1997).
2697:
2690:
2657:
2646:
2552:You Wenliang 游文良. 2002.
2473:
2238:Voice of Hong Kong(香港之聲)
1305:phoneme in Hakka, being
554:Traditional Chinese
33:Not to be confused with
8900:Languages of Bangladesh
8110:Northern (Beijing) Sign
2875:. In Ho, Dah-an (ed.).
2720:Hakka Pinyin Vocabulary
2664:: 42–49. Archived from
1568:postalveolar consonants
540:Simplified Chinese
212:Bangka Belitung Islands
8875:Languages of Indonesia
8865:Languages of Singapore
8855:Languages of Hong Kong
6119:Sino-Tibetan languages
2901:Het Loeh-foeng-dialect
2194:and cultural program.
2168:was founded. In 1994,
2153:
2064:
1661:(Northern Guangdong),
1445:
1295:Baxter's transcription
1265:Linguistic development
1003:(Moiyen) of northeast
791:
499:This article contains
238:44 million (2022)
8890:Languages of Suriname
8885:Languages of Thailand
8870:Languages of Malaysia
8785:Yilan Creole Japanese
3723:Central Tibeto-Burman
2339:In literary readings
2322:National language in
2144:
2059:
1657:(Central Guangdong),
1435:
1421:Further information:
1113:) means "guest", and
954:mutually intelligible
869:in parts of Southern
825:Hak-kâ-va / Hak-kâ-fa
785:
414:Hakka Affairs Council
410:Ministry of Education
8910:Varieties of Chinese
8880:Languages of Vietnam
8689:Taiwan Sign Language
2917:Taiwan Language Tool
2274:Varieties of Chinese
2257:Learning Power(學習強國)
2170:Hakka Public Channel
2158:Voice of Hakka(客家之聲)
1037:specify the language
1035:This section should
863:varieties of Chinese
64:improve this article
8850:Languages of Taiwan
8200:Languages of Taiwan
8153:NM = Inner Mongolia
3781:Proto-Tibeto-Burman
2148:, President of the
1993:
1840:
1839:Polysyllabic words
1690:
1689:Monosyllabic words
1685:than one syllable.
1562:. Most dialects of
8895:Languages of India
8845:Languages of China
8533:Taiwanese Mandarin
7690:Formosan languages
5911:Languages of China
5824:Cantonese Bopomofo
5691:Chinese characters
5619:Written Sichuanese
4203:Zhangjiakou–Hohhot
3774:Proto-Sino-Tibetan
3716:Proposed groupings
2949:– via JSTOR.
2494:2017-07-25 at the
2438:, p. 438-440.
2154:
2074:Chinese characters
2065:
1991:
1838:
1832:'he', 'she', 'it'
1688:
1550:), Zhengping (now
1446:
1301:, have an initial
990:national languages
984:Taiwan designates
792:
359:Chinese characters
289:Proto-Sino-Tibetan
8793:
8792:
8705:Taiwanese Braille
8675:
8674:
8671:
8670:
8622:
8621:
8565:Taiwanese Hokkien
8501:
8500:
8497:
8496:
8472:Malayo-Polynesian
8466:
8465:
8166:
8165:
7709:
7708:
7705:
7704:
7701:
7700:
7694:
7686:
7678:
7581:
7580:
7311:
7310:
7049:
7048:
7045:
7044:
6774:
6773:
6770:
6769:
6101:
6100:
5877:
5876:
5859:
5858:
5686:
5685:
5604:Written Cantonese
5599:
5598:
5381:Classical grammar
5376:Cantonese grammar
5211:
5210:
5108:
5107:
4914:
4913:
4833:
4832:
4695:
4694:
4402:
4401:
4189:
4188:
4079:Chengdu–Chongqing
3872:Sinitic languages
3828:
3827:
3711:
3710:
3596:
3595:
3437:
3436:
3192:
3191:
2965:978-986-54-3228-7
2919:(including Hakka)
2780:978-0-521-13367-8
2761:978-3-11-015831-1
2713:Kèyǔ pīnyīn zìhuì
2508:"Hakka Basic Act"
2487:Article 6 of the
2407:(27th ed., 2024)
2118:The Little Prince
2049:
2048:
1938:
1937:
1836:
1835:
1641:Changting dialect
1234:that is possibly
1097:
1096:
1077:may also be used.
783:
771:
770:
763:
762:
713:Yale Romanization
600:Standard Mandarin
525:
524:
507:rendering support
503:phonetic symbols.
394:Regulated by
140:
139:
132:
114:
8917:
8822:
8821:
8820:
8810:
8809:
8801:
8553:
8521:
8512:
8477:
8222:
8213:
8193:
8186:
8179:
8170:
8122:
7692:
7684:
7676:
7390:
7163:
7066:
7055:
6243:
6138:
6127:
6114:
6110:
5938:
5925:Standard Chinese
5904:
5897:
5890:
5881:
5869:
5868:
5841:Taiwanese Hangul
5730:Mainland Chinese
5643:
5634:
5559:
5236:Standard Chinese
5219:
4987:
4706:
4599:
4590:
4472:
4460:
4448:
4436:
4424:
4223:
3895:
3886:
3862:Chinese language
3855:
3848:
3841:
3832:
3670:
3531:
3365:
3200:
3117:
2998:
2991:
2984:
2975:
2969:
2950:
2913:
2911:
2909:
2894:
2892:
2891:
2885:
2874:
2864:
2840:
2824:
2818:
2810:
2809:
2784:
2765:
2734:
2733:
2708:
2702:
2701:
2686:
2680:
2679:
2677:
2676:
2670:
2652:
2640:
2634:
2628:
2622:
2621:
2619:
2618:
2599:
2593:
2592:
2590:
2589:
2580:. Archived from
2570:
2564:
2550:
2544:
2543:
2525:
2519:
2518:
2516:
2514:
2504:
2498:
2485:
2479:
2478:
2468:
2462:
2461:
2445:
2439:
2433:
2427:
2421:
2415:
2414:
2413:
2396:
2379:
2378:are pronounced .
2377:
2371:
2365:
2359:
2352:
2346:
2344:
2337:
2331:
2320:
2189:, also known as
2172:, also known as
2081:
2080:
2040:
2039:
2026:
2025:
2012:
2011:
1994:
1987:
1982:
1976:
1971:
1965:
1956:
1951:
1945:
1929:
1915:
1901:
1887:
1873:
1859:
1841:
1827:
1821:
1807:
1793:
1779:
1765:
1751:
1737:
1723:
1709:
1691:
1616:Fengshun dialect
1606:Jiaoling dialect
1601:Pingyuan dialect
1596:Xingning dialect
1548:Meixian District
1440:
1439:
1406:
1383:) is pronounced
1215:
1122:
1112:
1099:The name of the
1092:
1089:
1083:
1068:
1062:
1058:
1052:
1048:
1042:
1030:
1029:
1022:
932:, as well as in
887:overseas Chinese
859:
847:
838:
827:
815:
806:
784:
759:
758:
735:
734:
721:
720:
700:
699:
681:
680:
655:
654:
636:
635:
615:
614:
591:
562:
561:
548:
547:
527:
493:
474:
458:
451:
388:Suriname, Taiwan
351:
248:
175:
166:
160:
154:
153:
142:
135:
128:
124:
121:
115:
113:
72:
48:
40:
8925:
8924:
8920:
8919:
8918:
8916:
8915:
8914:
8830:
8829:
8828:
8818:
8816:
8804:
8796:
8794:
8789:
8714:Other languages
8709:
8693:
8667:
8636:Taiwanese Hakka
8618:
8615:(Wuqiu dialect)
8599:
8574:
8570:Teochew dialect
8542:
8493:
8462:
8434:
8408:
8343:
8266:
8250:
8202:
8197:
8167:
8162:
8136:
8116:
8094:
8023:
7967:
7778:
7771:
7697:
7677:(Indo-European)
7662:
7619:
7577:
7466:
7379:
7307:
7274:
7152:
7060:
7059:Other languages
7041:
6990:
6921:Central Tibetan
6892:
6766:
6700:
6547:
6429:
6232:
6184:
6132:
6121:
6097:
6081:
5988:
5929:
5913:
5908:
5878:
5873:
5855:
5792:Tongyong Pinyin
5772:Gwoyeu Romatzyh
5760:Dungan Cyrillic
5743:
5712:
5682:
5623:
5614:Written Hokkien
5595:
5554:
5548:
5524:Middle Mandarin
5490:
5410:
5385:
5347:
5294:
5227:
5220:
5207:
5156:
5104:
5063:
5040:
4976:
4910:
4829:
4808:
4790:
4767:
4691:
4658:
4635:
4579:
4515:
4475:
4466:
4454:
4442:
4430:
4418:
4398:
4380:
4352:
4334:
4308:
4285:
4212:
4185:
4159:
4136:
4060:
4000:
3972:
3949:
3926:
3875:
3864:
3859:
3829:
3824:
3814:
3765:Proto-languages
3759:
3707:
3674:Greater Siangic
3668:
3605:
3592:
3529:
3433:
3405:
3363:
3307:
3298:
3210:
3201:
3188:
3121:Greater Magaric
3115:
3042:West Himalayish
3022:
3008:
3002:
2972:
2966:
2953:
2922:
2907:
2905:
2897:
2889:
2887:
2883:
2872:
2867:
2845:Sagart, Laurent
2843:
2830:
2811:
2790:"Hakka Chinese"
2787:
2781:
2768:
2762:
2747:
2743:
2741:Further reading
2738:
2737:
2730:
2717:
2710:
2709:
2705:
2699:
2692:
2688:
2687:
2683:
2674:
2672:
2668:
2659:
2650:
2648:
2642:
2641:
2637:
2629:
2625:
2616:
2614:
2607:edu.ocac.gov.tw
2601:
2600:
2596:
2587:
2585:
2578:edu.ocac.gov.tw
2572:
2571:
2567:
2551:
2547:
2540:
2527:
2526:
2522:
2512:
2510:
2506:
2505:
2501:
2496:Wayback Machine
2486:
2482:
2475:
2474:大眾運輸工具播音語言平等保障法
2470:
2469:
2465:
2447:
2446:
2442:
2434:
2430:
2422:
2418:
2408:
2397:
2393:
2388:
2383:
2382:
2353:
2349:
2345:is pronounced .
2338:
2334:
2321:
2317:
2312:
2304:Taiwanese Hakka
2270:
2139:
2131:Tongyong Pinyin
2102:Taiwanese Hakka
2098:
2092:
2070:
2054:
2052:Writing systems
1682:
1659:Huizhou, Yuebei
1631:Raoping dialect
1585:Meixian dialect
1579:Huizhou Chinese
1575:Huizhou dialect
1564:Taiwanese Hakka
1443:
1441:
1430:
1425:
1419:
1267:
1178:
1173:
1141:Tu-gong-dung-fa
1093:
1087:
1084:
1078:
1066:
1060:
1056:
1054:transliteration
1050:
1046:
1040:
1031:
1027:
1020:
1001:Meixian dialect
994:Taiwanese Hakka
952:. Hakka is not
773:
694:
675:
577:
505:Without proper
470:
454:
447:
437:
434:
430:
419:
416:
412:
408:
385:
378:Official status
373:
352:
347:
312:
299:Proto-Hakka-She
284:
277:
249:
246:Language family
244:
235:
234:Native speakers
216:West Kalimantan
192:New Territories
178:
155:
136:
125:
119:
116:
79:"Hakka Chinese"
73:
71:
61:
49:
38:
31:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
8923:
8921:
8913:
8912:
8907:
8902:
8897:
8892:
8887:
8882:
8877:
8872:
8867:
8862:
8857:
8852:
8847:
8842:
8832:
8831:
8827:
8826:
8814:
8791:
8790:
8788:
8787:
8782:
8777:
8772:
8771:
8770:
8765:
8755:
8750:
8745:
8740:
8739:
8738:
8728:
8723:
8717:
8715:
8711:
8710:
8708:
8707:
8701:
8699:
8695:
8694:
8692:
8691:
8685:
8683:
8677:
8676:
8673:
8672:
8669:
8668:
8666:
8665:
8664:
8663:
8658:
8653:
8648:
8643:
8632:
8630:
8624:
8623:
8620:
8619:
8617:
8616:
8613:Putian dialect
8609:
8607:
8601:
8600:
8598:
8597:
8596:
8595:
8584:
8582:
8576:
8575:
8573:
8572:
8567:
8561:
8559:
8550:
8544:
8543:
8541:
8540:
8535:
8529:
8527:
8518:
8509:
8503:
8502:
8499:
8498:
8495:
8494:
8492:
8491:
8485:
8483:
8474:
8468:
8467:
8464:
8463:
8461:
8460:
8455:
8450:
8444:
8442:
8436:
8435:
8433:
8432:
8427:
8422:
8416:
8414:
8410:
8409:
8407:
8406:
8401:
8396:
8391:
8386:
8381:
8380:
8379:
8374:
8364:
8359:
8353:
8351:
8345:
8344:
8342:
8341:
8336:
8331:
8326:
8325:
8324:
8316:
8315:
8314:
8309:
8299:
8294:
8293:
8292:
8287:
8276:
8274:
8268:
8267:
8265:
8264:
8258:
8256:
8252:
8251:
8249:
8248:
8247:
8246:
8236:
8230:
8228:
8219:
8210:
8204:
8203:
8198:
8196:
8195:
8188:
8181:
8173:
8164:
8163:
8161:
8160:
8157:
8154:
8151:
8148:
8147:HK = Hong Kong
8145:
8141:
8138:
8137:
8135:
8134:
8127:
8126:
8125:
8124:
8123:
8118:Hong Kong Sign
8111:
8102:
8100:
8096:
8095:
8093:
8092:
8087:
8082:
8077:
8072:
8067:
8062:
8057:
8052:
8047:
8042:
8037:
8031:
8029:
8025:
8024:
8022:
8021:
8016:
8011:
8006:
8001:
7996:
7991:
7986:
7981:
7975:
7973:
7969:
7968:
7966:
7965:
7964:
7963:
7958:
7948:
7947:
7946:
7941:
7931:
7930:
7929:
7924:
7914:
7913:
7912:
7907:
7902:
7897:
7892:
7887:
7886:
7885:
7880:
7875:
7860:
7855:
7850:
7845:
7844:
7843:
7838:
7837:
7836:
7826:
7821:
7820:
7819:
7809:
7804:
7799:
7794:
7783:
7781:
7773:
7772:
7770:
7769:
7764:
7758:
7753:
7748:
7743:
7738:
7733:
7728:
7723:
7717:
7715:
7711:
7710:
7707:
7706:
7703:
7702:
7699:
7698:
7696:
7695:
7693:(Austronesian)
7687:
7685:(Austronesian)
7679:
7670:
7668:
7664:
7663:
7661:
7660:
7655:
7650:
7645:
7640:
7635:
7629:
7627:
7621:
7620:
7618:
7617:
7612:
7607:
7602:
7597:
7591:
7589:
7583:
7582:
7579:
7578:
7576:
7575:
7570:
7565:
7560:
7555:
7550:
7545:
7540:
7535:
7530:
7525:
7520:
7515:
7510:
7505:
7500:
7495:
7490:
7485:
7480:
7474:
7472:
7468:
7467:
7465:
7464:
7459:
7454:
7449:
7444:
7439:
7434:
7429:
7424:
7419:
7414:
7409:
7404:
7398:
7396:
7387:
7381:
7380:
7378:
7377:
7372:
7367:
7362:
7357:
7352:
7347:
7342:
7337:
7332:
7327:
7321:
7319:
7313:
7312:
7309:
7308:
7306:
7305:
7300:
7295:
7290:
7284:
7282:
7276:
7275:
7273:
7272:
7267:
7262:
7257:
7252:
7247:
7242:
7237:
7232:
7227:
7222:
7217:
7212:
7207:
7202:
7197:
7192:
7187:
7182:
7177:
7171:
7169:
7160:
7154:
7153:
7151:
7150:
7145:
7140:
7135:
7130:
7125:
7120:
7115:
7110:
7105:
7100:
7095:
7090:
7085:
7080:
7074:
7072:
7062:
7061:
7058:
7051:
7050:
7047:
7046:
7043:
7042:
7040:
7039:
7034:
7029:
7024:
7019:
7014:
7009:
7004:
6998:
6996:
6992:
6991:
6989:
6988:
6983:
6978:
6973:
6968:
6963:
6958:
6953:
6948:
6943:
6938:
6933:
6928:
6923:
6918:
6913:
6908:
6902:
6900:
6894:
6893:
6891:
6890:
6885:
6880:
6875:
6870:
6865:
6863:Southern Qiang
6860:
6858:Northern Qiang
6855:
6850:
6845:
6840:
6835:
6830:
6825:
6820:
6815:
6810:
6805:
6800:
6795:
6790:
6784:
6782:
6776:
6775:
6772:
6771:
6768:
6767:
6765:
6764:
6759:
6754:
6749:
6744:
6739:
6734:
6729:
6724:
6719:
6714:
6708:
6706:
6702:
6701:
6699:
6698:
6693:
6688:
6683:
6678:
6673:
6668:
6663:
6658:
6653:
6648:
6643:
6638:
6633:
6628:
6623:
6618:
6613:
6608:
6603:
6598:
6593:
6588:
6583:
6578:
6573:
6568:
6563:
6557:
6555:
6549:
6548:
6546:
6545:
6540:
6535:
6530:
6525:
6520:
6515:
6510:
6505:
6500:
6495:
6490:
6485:
6480:
6475:
6470:
6465:
6460:
6455:
6450:
6445:
6439:
6437:
6431:
6430:
6428:
6427:
6422:
6417:
6412:
6407:
6402:
6397:
6392:
6387:
6382:
6377:
6372:
6367:
6362:
6357:
6352:
6347:
6342:
6337:
6332:
6327:
6322:
6317:
6312:
6307:
6302:
6297:
6292:
6287:
6282:
6277:
6272:
6267:
6262:
6257:
6251:
6249:
6240:
6234:
6233:
6231:
6230:
6225:
6220:
6215:
6210:
6205:
6200:
6194:
6192:
6186:
6185:
6183:
6182:
6177:
6172:
6167:
6162:
6157:
6152:
6146:
6144:
6135:
6123:
6122:
6117:
6107:
6103:
6102:
6099:
6098:
6095:
6093:
6083:
6082:
6080:
6079:
6074:
6069:
6064:
6059:
6054:
6049:
6044:
6039:
6034:
6029:
6024:
6019:
6014:
6009:
6004:
5998:
5996:
5990:
5989:
5987:
5986:
5981:
5976:
5971:
5966:
5961:
5956:
5950:
5948:
5935:
5931:
5930:
5928:
5927:
5921:
5919:
5915:
5914:
5909:
5907:
5906:
5899:
5892:
5884:
5875:
5874:
5864:
5861:
5860:
5857:
5856:
5854:
5853:
5848:
5843:
5838:
5836:Taiwanese kana
5833:
5832:
5831:
5826:
5816:
5815:
5814:
5809:
5807:Lessing-Othmer
5804:
5799:
5794:
5789:
5784:
5779:
5774:
5764:
5763:
5762:
5751:
5749:
5745:
5744:
5742:
5737:
5732:
5727:
5722:
5720:
5714:
5713:
5711:
5710:
5705:
5704:
5703:
5698:
5687:
5684:
5683:
5681:
5676:
5671:
5666:
5661:
5656:
5651:
5649:
5640:
5631:
5625:
5624:
5622:
5621:
5616:
5611:
5609:Written Dungan
5606:
5600:
5597:
5596:
5594:
5593:
5588:
5587:
5586:
5581:
5576:
5565:
5563:
5556:
5550:
5549:
5547:
5546:
5541:
5536:
5531:
5526:
5521:
5516:
5514:Middle Chinese
5511:
5506:
5500:
5498:
5492:
5491:
5489:
5488:
5483:
5481:Wubi (Wang Ma)
5478:
5473:
5472:
5471:
5466:
5461:
5451:
5446:
5441:
5440:
5439:
5429:
5426:
5420:
5418:
5412:
5411:
5409:
5408:
5401:
5393:
5391:
5387:
5386:
5384:
5383:
5378:
5373:
5368:
5363:
5357:
5355:
5349:
5348:
5346:
5345:
5340:
5335:
5330:
5325:
5320:
5315:
5314:
5313:
5302:
5300:
5296:
5295:
5293:
5292:
5287:
5282:
5277:
5276:
5275:
5274:
5273:
5268:
5258:
5253:
5248:
5243:
5232:
5230:
5222:
5221:
5214:
5212:
5209:
5208:
5206:
5205:
5200:
5198:Xiangnan Tuhua
5195:
5190:
5185:
5183:Shaozhou Tuhua
5180:
5175:
5170:
5164:
5162:
5158:
5157:
5155:
5154:
5153:
5152:
5147:
5142:
5134:
5133:
5132:
5127:
5118:
5116:
5110:
5109:
5106:
5105:
5103:
5102:
5097:
5092:
5087:
5082:
5077:
5071:
5069:
5065:
5064:
5062:
5061:
5056:
5050:
5048:
5042:
5041:
5039:
5038:
5033:
5028:
5023:
5018:
5013:
5012:
5011:
5006:
4995:
4993:
4984:
4978:
4977:
4975:
4974:
4973:
4972:
4967:
4962:
4952:
4951:
4950:
4940:
4935:
4930:
4924:
4922:
4916:
4915:
4912:
4911:
4909:
4908:
4907:
4906:
4901:
4896:
4886:
4885:
4884:
4874:
4869:
4864:
4859:
4858:
4857:
4852:
4841:
4839:
4835:
4834:
4831:
4830:
4828:
4827:
4822:
4816:
4814:
4810:
4809:
4807:
4806:
4800:
4798:
4792:
4791:
4789:
4788:
4783:
4777:
4775:
4769:
4768:
4766:
4765:
4760:
4755:
4750:
4745:
4740:
4735:
4730:
4725:
4720:
4714:
4712:
4703:
4697:
4696:
4693:
4692:
4690:
4689:
4688:
4687:
4682:
4672:
4666:
4664:
4660:
4659:
4657:
4656:
4651:
4645:
4643:
4637:
4636:
4634:
4633:
4628:
4623:
4618:
4613:
4607:
4605:
4596:
4587:
4581:
4580:
4578:
4577:
4576:
4575:
4565:
4560:
4559:
4558:
4553:
4548:
4538:
4537:
4536:
4525:
4523:
4517:
4516:
4514:
4513:
4508:
4503:
4498:
4497:
4496:
4485:
4483:
4477:
4476:
4474:
4473:
4461:
4449:
4437:
4425:
4412:
4410:
4404:
4403:
4400:
4399:
4397:
4396:
4390:
4388:
4382:
4381:
4379:
4378:
4373:
4368:
4362:
4360:
4354:
4353:
4351:
4350:
4344:
4342:
4336:
4335:
4333:
4332:
4327:
4322:
4316:
4314:
4310:
4309:
4307:
4306:
4301:
4295:
4293:
4287:
4286:
4284:
4283:
4278:
4273:
4268:
4263:
4258:
4252:
4247:
4242:
4237:
4231:
4229:
4220:
4214:
4213:
4211:
4210:
4205:
4199:
4197:
4191:
4190:
4187:
4186:
4184:
4183:
4178:
4173:
4167:
4165:
4161:
4160:
4158:
4157:
4152:
4146:
4144:
4138:
4137:
4135:
4134:
4133:
4132:
4122:
4117:
4112:
4107:
4106:
4105:
4104:
4103:
4096:Renshou–Fushun
4093:
4092:
4091:
4081:
4070:
4068:
4062:
4061:
4059:
4058:
4053:
4048:
4043:
4038:
4033:
4032:
4031:
4021:
4016:
4010:
4008:
4006:Central Plains
4002:
4001:
3999:
3998:
3993:
3988:
3982:
3980:
3974:
3973:
3971:
3970:
3965:
3959:
3957:
3951:
3950:
3948:
3947:
3942:
3936:
3934:
3928:
3927:
3925:
3924:
3919:
3914:
3909:
3903:
3901:
3892:
3883:
3877:
3876:
3869:
3866:
3865:
3860:
3858:
3857:
3850:
3843:
3835:
3826:
3825:
3819:
3816:
3815:
3813:
3812:
3805:
3798:
3791:
3784:
3777:
3769:
3767:
3761:
3760:
3758:
3757:
3755:Tibeto-Kanauri
3752:
3745:
3740:
3735:
3730:
3728:Kuki-Chin–Naga
3725:
3719:
3717:
3713:
3712:
3709:
3708:
3706:
3705:
3700:
3699:
3698:
3691:
3678:
3676:
3667:
3666:
3659:
3654:
3653:
3652:
3638:
3637:
3636:
3629:
3616:
3614:
3598:
3597:
3594:
3593:
3591:
3590:
3589:
3588:
3581:
3576:
3564:
3559:
3554:
3553:
3552:
3539:
3537:
3528:
3527:
3526:
3525:
3518:
3511:
3499:
3492:
3485:
3478:
3473:
3466:
3459:
3451:
3449:
3447:Southeast Asia
3439:
3438:
3435:
3434:
3432:
3431:
3426:
3421:
3415:
3413:
3407:
3406:
3404:
3403:
3398:
3393:
3386:
3384:Angami–Pochuri
3381:
3375:
3373:
3362:
3361:
3354:
3347:
3346:
3345:
3338:
3326:
3319:
3311:
3309:
3308:Burmese border
3300:
3299:
3297:
3296:
3291:
3284:
3277:
3270:
3269:
3268:
3260:
3253:
3246:
3241:
3226:
3224:
3203:
3202:
3195:
3193:
3190:
3189:
3187:
3186:
3173:
3168:
3167:
3166:
3159:
3147:
3146:
3145:
3138:
3125:
3123:
3114:
3113:
3106:
3105:
3104:
3097:
3090:
3078:
3071:
3070:
3069:
3064:
3052:
3045:
3037:
3035:
3010:
3009:
3003:
3001:
3000:
2993:
2986:
2978:
2971:
2970:
2964:
2951:
2933:(in Chinese).
2920:
2914:
2895:
2865:
2855:(2): 281–302.
2841:
2827:
2826:
2800:(1): 107–111.
2785:
2779:
2766:
2760:
2744:
2742:
2739:
2736:
2735:
2728:
2703:
2681:
2660:(in Chinese).
2647:客家话跟苗瑶壮侗语的关系问题
2635:
2623:
2594:
2565:
2545:
2538:
2520:
2499:
2480:
2463:
2460:on 2018-12-25.
2440:
2428:
2424:Nakanishi 2010
2416:
2390:
2389:
2387:
2384:
2381:
2380:
2347:
2332:
2328:naturalisation
2314:
2313:
2311:
2308:
2307:
2306:
2301:
2296:
2291:
2286:
2281:
2276:
2269:
2266:
2138:
2135:
2127:Sixian dialect
2094:Main article:
2091:
2088:
2069:
2068:Chinese script
2066:
2060:Hakka Chinese
2053:
2050:
2047:
2046:
2043:
2041:
2038:好冷阿，水桶个水都凝冰了阿。
2033:
2032:
2029:
2027:
2019:
2018:
2015:
2013:
2005:
2004:
2001:
2000:Pronunciation
1998:
1936:
1935:
1932:
1930:
1922:
1921:
1918:
1916:
1908:
1907:
1904:
1902:
1894:
1893:
1890:
1888:
1880:
1879:
1876:
1874:
1866:
1865:
1862:
1860:
1852:
1851:
1848:
1847:Pronunciation
1845:
1834:
1833:
1830:
1828:
1814:
1813:
1810:
1808:
1800:
1799:
1796:
1794:
1786:
1785:
1782:
1780:
1772:
1771:
1768:
1766:
1758:
1757:
1754:
1752:
1744:
1743:
1740:
1738:
1730:
1729:
1726:
1724:
1716:
1715:
1712:
1710:
1702:
1701:
1698:
1697:Pronunciation
1695:
1681:
1678:
1644:
1643:
1638:
1636:Zhaoan dialect
1633:
1628:
1626:Sixian dialect
1623:
1618:
1613:
1608:
1603:
1598:
1593:
1588:
1582:
1540:Haifeng County
1429:
1426:
1418:
1415:
1414:
1413:
1412:) in Mandarin.
1396:
1377:
1334:
1325:, Cantonese 武
1299:Middle Chinese
1266:
1263:
1240:Middle Chinese
1220:Laurent Sagart
1198:Central Plains
1188:into southern
1177:
1174:
1172:
1169:
1095:
1094:
1073:. Knowledge's
1034:
1032:
1025:
1019:
1016:
988:as one of its
979:areal features
883:Southeast Asia
769:
768:
765:
764:
761:
760:
753:
744:
743:
737:
736:
729:
723:
722:
715:
709:
708:
706:Yue: Cantonese
702:
701:
689:
683:
682:
670:
664:
663:
657:
656:
649:
645:
644:
638:
637:
630:
624:
623:
617:
616:
609:
603:
602:
596:
595:
594:Transcriptions
587:
586:
583:
582:
574:
568:
567:
564:
563:
556:
550:
549:
542:
536:
535:
532:
531:
523:
522:
509:, you may see
495:
494:
486:
485:
482:
476:
475:
468:
460:
459:
452:
444:
443:
442:Language codes
439:
438:
436:
435:
423:
420:
418:
417:
401:
398:
396:
390:
389:
386:
383:
380:
379:
375:
374:
372:
371:
361:
355:
353:
349:Writing system
346:
343:
342:
341:
340:
335:
330:
325:
318:
314:
313:
311:
310:
309:
308:
307:
306:
287:
285:
282:
279:
278:
276:
275:
274:
273:
272:
271:
252:
250:
243:
240:
239:
236:
233:
230:
229:
224:
220:
219:
184:
180:
179:
176:
168:
167:
147:
146:
138:
137:
52:
50:
43:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
8922:
8911:
8908:
8906:
8905:Hakka culture
8903:
8901:
8898:
8896:
8893:
8891:
8888:
8886:
8883:
8881:
8878:
8876:
8873:
8871:
8868:
8866:
8863:
8861:
8858:
8856:
8853:
8851:
8848:
8846:
8843:
8841:
8840:Hakka Chinese
8838:
8837:
8835:
8825:
8815:
8813:
8808:
8803:
8799:
8786:
8783:
8781:
8778:
8776:
8773:
8769:
8766:
8764:
8761:
8760:
8759:
8756:
8754:
8751:
8749:
8746:
8744:
8741:
8737:
8734:
8733:
8732:
8729:
8727:
8724:
8722:
8719:
8718:
8716:
8712:
8706:
8703:
8702:
8700:
8696:
8690:
8687:
8686:
8684:
8682:
8678:
8662:
8659:
8657:
8654:
8652:
8649:
8647:
8644:
8642:
8639:
8638:
8637:
8634:
8633:
8631:
8629:
8625:
8614:
8611:
8610:
8608:
8606:
8602:
8594:
8593:Matsu dialect
8591:
8590:
8589:
8586:
8585:
8583:
8581:
8577:
8571:
8568:
8566:
8563:
8562:
8560:
8558:
8554:
8551:
8549:
8545:
8539:
8536:
8534:
8531:
8530:
8528:
8526:
8522:
8519:
8517:
8513:
8510:
8508:
8504:
8490:
8487:
8486:
8484:
8482:
8478:
8475:
8473:
8469:
8459:
8456:
8454:
8451:
8449:
8446:
8445:
8443:
8441:
8437:
8431:
8428:
8426:
8423:
8421:
8418:
8417:
8415:
8411:
8405:
8402:
8400:
8397:
8395:
8392:
8390:
8387:
8385:
8382:
8378:
8375:
8373:
8370:
8369:
8368:
8365:
8363:
8360:
8358:
8355:
8354:
8352:
8350:
8346:
8340:
8337:
8335:
8332:
8330:
8327:
8322:
8321:
8320:
8317:
8313:
8310:
8308:
8305:
8304:
8303:
8300:
8298:
8295:
8291:
8288:
8286:
8283:
8282:
8281:
8278:
8277:
8275:
8273:
8269:
8263:
8260:
8259:
8257:
8253:
8245:
8242:
8241:
8240:
8237:
8235:
8232:
8231:
8229:
8227:
8223:
8220:
8218:
8214:
8211:
8209:
8205:
8201:
8194:
8189:
8187:
8182:
8180:
8175:
8174:
8171:
8158:
8156:XJ = Xinjiang
8155:
8152:
8149:
8146:
8143:
8142:
8139:
8133:
8131:
8128:
8121:
8119:
8115:
8114:
8112:
8109:
8108:
8107:
8104:
8103:
8101:
8097:
8091:
8088:
8086:
8083:
8081:
8078:
8076:
8073:
8071:
8068:
8066:
8063:
8061:
8058:
8056:
8053:
8051:
8048:
8046:
8043:
8041:
8038:
8036:
8033:
8032:
8030:
8026:
8020:
8017:
8015:
8012:
8010:
8007:
8005:
8002:
8000:
7997:
7995:
7992:
7990:
7987:
7985:
7982:
7980:
7977:
7976:
7974:
7970:
7962:
7959:
7957:
7954:
7953:
7952:
7949:
7945:
7942:
7940:
7937:
7936:
7935:
7932:
7928:
7925:
7923:
7920:
7919:
7918:
7915:
7911:
7908:
7906:
7903:
7901:
7898:
7896:
7893:
7891:
7888:
7884:
7881:
7879:
7876:
7874:
7871:
7870:
7869:
7866:
7865:
7864:
7861:
7859:
7856:
7854:
7851:
7849:
7846:
7842:
7839:
7835:
7832:
7831:
7830:
7827:
7825:
7822:
7818:
7815:
7814:
7813:
7810:
7808:
7805:
7803:
7800:
7798:
7795:
7793:
7790:
7789:
7788:
7785:
7784:
7782:
7780:
7774:
7768:
7765:
7762:
7759:
7757:
7754:
7752:
7749:
7747:
7744:
7742:
7739:
7737:
7734:
7732:
7729:
7727:
7724:
7722:
7719:
7718:
7716:
7712:
7691:
7688:
7683:
7680:
7675:
7672:
7671:
7669:
7665:
7659:
7658:Western Yugur
7656:
7654:
7651:
7649:
7646:
7644:
7641:
7639:
7636:
7634:
7631:
7630:
7628:
7626:
7622:
7616:
7613:
7611:
7608:
7606:
7603:
7601:
7598:
7596:
7593:
7592:
7590:
7588:
7584:
7574:
7571:
7569:
7566:
7564:
7561:
7559:
7556:
7554:
7551:
7549:
7546:
7544:
7541:
7539:
7536:
7534:
7531:
7529:
7526:
7524:
7521:
7519:
7516:
7514:
7511:
7509:
7506:
7504:
7501:
7499:
7496:
7494:
7491:
7489:
7486:
7484:
7481:
7479:
7476:
7475:
7473:
7469:
7463:
7460:
7458:
7455:
7453:
7450:
7448:
7445:
7443:
7440:
7438:
7435:
7433:
7430:
7428:
7425:
7423:
7420:
7418:
7415:
7413:
7410:
7408:
7405:
7403:
7400:
7399:
7397:
7395:
7391:
7388:
7386:
7382:
7376:
7373:
7371:
7368:
7366:
7363:
7361:
7358:
7356:
7353:
7351:
7348:
7346:
7343:
7341:
7340:Eastern Yugur
7338:
7336:
7333:
7331:
7328:
7326:
7323:
7322:
7320:
7318:
7314:
7304:
7301:
7299:
7296:
7294:
7291:
7289:
7286:
7285:
7283:
7281:
7277:
7271:
7268:
7266:
7263:
7261:
7260:Small Flowery
7258:
7256:
7253:
7251:
7248:
7246:
7243:
7241:
7238:
7236:
7233:
7231:
7228:
7226:
7223:
7221:
7218:
7216:
7213:
7211:
7208:
7206:
7203:
7201:
7198:
7196:
7193:
7191:
7188:
7186:
7183:
7181:
7178:
7176:
7173:
7172:
7170:
7168:
7164:
7161:
7159:
7155:
7149:
7146:
7144:
7141:
7139:
7136:
7134:
7131:
7129:
7126:
7124:
7121:
7119:
7116:
7114:
7111:
7109:
7106:
7104:
7101:
7099:
7096:
7094:
7091:
7089:
7086:
7084:
7081:
7079:
7076:
7075:
7073:
7071:
7070:Austroasiatic
7067:
7063:
7056:
7052:
7038:
7035:
7033:
7030:
7028:
7025:
7023:
7020:
7018:
7015:
7013:
7010:
7008:
7005:
7003:
7000:
6999:
6997:
6993:
6987:
6984:
6982:
6979:
6977:
6974:
6972:
6969:
6967:
6964:
6962:
6959:
6957:
6954:
6952:
6949:
6947:
6944:
6942:
6939:
6937:
6934:
6932:
6929:
6927:
6924:
6922:
6919:
6917:
6914:
6912:
6909:
6907:
6904:
6903:
6901:
6899:
6895:
6889:
6886:
6884:
6881:
6879:
6876:
6874:
6871:
6869:
6866:
6864:
6861:
6859:
6856:
6854:
6851:
6849:
6846:
6844:
6841:
6839:
6836:
6834:
6831:
6829:
6826:
6824:
6821:
6819:
6816:
6814:
6811:
6809:
6806:
6804:
6801:
6799:
6796:
6794:
6791:
6789:
6786:
6785:
6783:
6781:
6777:
6763:
6760:
6758:
6755:
6753:
6750:
6748:
6745:
6743:
6740:
6738:
6735:
6733:
6730:
6728:
6725:
6723:
6720:
6718:
6715:
6713:
6710:
6709:
6707:
6703:
6697:
6694:
6692:
6689:
6687:
6684:
6682:
6679:
6677:
6674:
6672:
6669:
6667:
6664:
6662:
6659:
6657:
6654:
6652:
6649:
6647:
6644:
6642:
6639:
6637:
6634:
6632:
6629:
6627:
6624:
6622:
6619:
6617:
6614:
6612:
6609:
6607:
6604:
6602:
6599:
6597:
6594:
6592:
6589:
6587:
6584:
6582:
6579:
6577:
6574:
6572:
6569:
6567:
6564:
6562:
6559:
6558:
6556:
6554:
6550:
6544:
6541:
6539:
6536:
6534:
6531:
6529:
6526:
6524:
6521:
6519:
6516:
6514:
6511:
6509:
6506:
6504:
6501:
6499:
6496:
6494:
6491:
6489:
6486:
6484:
6481:
6479:
6476:
6474:
6471:
6469:
6466:
6464:
6461:
6459:
6456:
6454:
6451:
6449:
6446:
6444:
6441:
6440:
6438:
6436:
6432:
6426:
6423:
6421:
6418:
6416:
6413:
6411:
6408:
6406:
6403:
6401:
6398:
6396:
6393:
6391:
6388:
6386:
6383:
6381:
6378:
6376:
6373:
6371:
6368:
6366:
6363:
6361:
6358:
6356:
6353:
6351:
6348:
6346:
6343:
6341:
6338:
6336:
6333:
6331:
6328:
6326:
6323:
6321:
6318:
6316:
6313:
6311:
6308:
6306:
6303:
6301:
6298:
6296:
6293:
6291:
6288:
6286:
6283:
6281:
6278:
6276:
6273:
6271:
6268:
6266:
6263:
6261:
6258:
6256:
6253:
6252:
6250:
6248:
6244:
6241:
6239:
6235:
6229:
6226:
6224:
6221:
6219:
6216:
6214:
6211:
6209:
6206:
6204:
6201:
6199:
6196:
6195:
6193:
6191:
6187:
6181:
6178:
6176:
6173:
6171:
6168:
6166:
6163:
6161:
6158:
6156:
6153:
6151:
6148:
6147:
6145:
6143:
6139:
6136:
6134:
6128:
6124:
6120:
6115:
6111:
6108:
6104:
6094:
6092:
6088:
6084:
6078:
6075:
6073:
6070:
6068:
6065:
6063:
6060:
6058:
6055:
6053:
6050:
6048:
6045:
6043:
6040:
6038:
6035:
6033:
6030:
6028:
6025:
6023:
6020:
6018:
6015:
6013:
6010:
6008:
6005:
6003:
6000:
5999:
5997:
5995:
5991:
5985:
5982:
5980:
5977:
5975:
5972:
5970:
5967:
5965:
5962:
5960:
5957:
5955:
5952:
5951:
5949:
5947:
5943:
5939:
5936:
5932:
5926:
5923:
5922:
5920:
5916:
5912:
5905:
5900:
5898:
5893:
5891:
5886:
5885:
5882:
5872:
5862:
5852:
5849:
5847:
5844:
5842:
5839:
5837:
5834:
5830:
5827:
5825:
5822:
5821:
5820:
5817:
5813:
5810:
5808:
5805:
5803:
5800:
5798:
5795:
5793:
5790:
5788:
5785:
5783:
5780:
5778:
5775:
5773:
5770:
5769:
5768:
5765:
5761:
5758:
5757:
5756:
5755:Cyrillization
5753:
5752:
5750:
5746:
5741:
5738:
5736:
5733:
5731:
5728:
5726:
5723:
5721:
5719:
5715:
5709:
5706:
5702:
5699:
5697:
5694:
5693:
5692:
5689:
5688:
5680:
5677:
5675:
5672:
5670:
5667:
5665:
5662:
5660:
5657:
5655:
5652:
5650:
5648:
5647:Script styles
5644:
5641:
5639:
5635:
5632:
5630:
5626:
5620:
5617:
5615:
5612:
5610:
5607:
5605:
5602:
5601:
5592:
5589:
5585:
5582:
5580:
5577:
5575:
5572:
5571:
5570:
5567:
5566:
5564:
5560:
5557:
5551:
5545:
5542:
5540:
5537:
5535:
5532:
5530:
5527:
5525:
5522:
5520:
5517:
5515:
5512:
5510:
5507:
5505:
5502:
5501:
5499:
5497:
5493:
5487:
5484:
5482:
5479:
5477:
5474:
5470:
5467:
5465:
5462:
5460:
5457:
5456:
5455:
5452:
5450:
5447:
5445:
5442:
5438:
5435:
5434:
5433:
5430:
5427:
5425:
5422:
5421:
5419:
5417:
5413:
5407:
5406:
5402:
5400:
5399:
5395:
5394:
5392:
5388:
5382:
5379:
5377:
5374:
5372:
5369:
5367:
5364:
5362:
5359:
5358:
5356:
5354:
5350:
5344:
5341:
5339:
5336:
5334:
5331:
5329:
5326:
5324:
5321:
5319:
5316:
5312:
5309:
5308:
5307:
5304:
5303:
5301:
5297:
5291:
5288:
5286:
5283:
5281:
5278:
5272:
5269:
5267:
5264:
5263:
5262:
5259:
5257:
5254:
5252:
5249:
5247:
5244:
5242:
5239:
5238:
5237:
5234:
5233:
5231:
5229:
5223:
5218:
5204:
5201:
5199:
5196:
5194:
5191:
5189:
5186:
5184:
5181:
5179:
5176:
5174:
5171:
5169:
5166:
5165:
5163:
5159:
5151:
5148:
5146:
5143:
5141:
5138:
5137:
5135:
5131:
5128:
5126:
5123:
5122:
5120:
5119:
5117:
5115:
5111:
5101:
5098:
5096:
5093:
5091:
5088:
5086:
5083:
5081:
5078:
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5019:
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4992:
4988:
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4979:
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4902:
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4880:
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4856:
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4779:
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4409:
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4377:
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4364:
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4355:
4349:
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4343:
4341:
4337:
4331:
4328:
4326:
4323:
4321:
4318:
4317:
4315:
4311:
4305:
4302:
4300:
4297:
4296:
4294:
4292:
4288:
4282:
4279:
4277:
4274:
4272:
4269:
4267:
4264:
4262:
4259:
4256:
4253:
4251:
4248:
4246:
4243:
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4236:
4233:
4232:
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4228:
4224:
4221:
4219:
4215:
4209:
4206:
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4200:
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4192:
4182:
4179:
4177:
4174:
4172:
4169:
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4156:
4153:
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4145:
4143:
4139:
4131:
4128:
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4111:
4108:
4102:
4099:
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4090:
4087:
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4077:
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4069:
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4063:
4057:
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4042:
4039:
4037:
4034:
4030:
4027:
4026:
4025:
4022:
4020:
4017:
4015:
4012:
4011:
4009:
4007:
4003:
3997:
3994:
3992:
3989:
3987:
3984:
3983:
3981:
3979:
3975:
3969:
3966:
3964:
3961:
3960:
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3923:
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3915:
3913:
3910:
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3900:
3896:
3893:
3891:
3887:
3884:
3882:
3878:
3874:
3873:
3867:
3863:
3856:
3851:
3849:
3844:
3842:
3837:
3836:
3833:
3822:
3817:
3811:
3810:
3806:
3804:
3803:
3799:
3797:
3796:
3795:Proto-Karenic
3792:
3790:
3789:
3788:Proto-Loloish
3785:
3783:
3782:
3778:
3776:
3775:
3771:
3770:
3768:
3766:
3762:
3756:
3753:
3751:
3750:
3749:Tibeto-Burman
3746:
3744:
3741:
3739:
3736:
3734:
3731:
3729:
3726:
3724:
3721:
3720:
3718:
3714:
3704:
3701:
3697:
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3689:
3685:
3684:
3683:
3680:
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3677:
3675:
3671:
3665:
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3660:
3658:
3655:
3651:
3650:
3646:
3645:
3644:
3643:
3639:
3635:
3634:
3630:
3628:
3627:
3623:
3622:
3621:
3618:
3617:
3615:
3612:
3608:
3603:
3599:
3587:
3586:
3582:
3580:
3577:
3575:
3572:
3571:
3570:
3569:
3565:
3563:
3560:
3558:
3555:
3551:
3548:
3547:
3546:
3545:
3541:
3540:
3538:
3536:
3535:Burmo-Qiangic
3532:
3524:
3523:
3519:
3517:
3516:
3512:
3510:
3509:
3505:
3504:
3503:
3500:
3498:
3497:
3493:
3491:
3490:
3486:
3484:
3483:
3479:
3477:
3474:
3472:
3471:
3467:
3465:
3464:
3460:
3458:
3457:
3453:
3452:
3450:
3448:
3444:
3440:
3430:
3429:Jingpho–Luish
3427:
3425:
3422:
3420:
3417:
3416:
3414:
3412:
3408:
3402:
3399:
3397:
3394:
3392:
3391:
3387:
3385:
3382:
3380:
3377:
3376:
3374:
3371:
3366:
3360:
3359:
3355:
3353:
3352:
3348:
3344:
3343:
3339:
3337:
3336:
3332:
3331:
3330:
3327:
3325:
3324:
3320:
3318:
3317:
3313:
3312:
3310:
3305:
3301:
3295:
3292:
3290:
3289:
3285:
3283:
3282:
3278:
3276:
3275:
3271:
3266:
3265:
3261:
3259:
3258:
3254:
3252:
3251:
3247:
3245:
3242:
3240:
3239:
3235:
3234:
3233:
3232:
3228:
3227:
3225:
3222:
3218:
3214:
3209:
3204:
3199:
3185:
3184:
3179:
3178:
3174:
3172:
3169:
3165:
3164:
3160:
3158:
3157:
3153:
3152:
3151:
3148:
3144:
3143:
3139:
3137:
3136:
3132:
3131:
3130:
3127:
3126:
3124:
3122:
3118:
3112:
3111:
3107:
3103:
3102:
3098:
3096:
3095:
3091:
3089:
3088:
3084:
3083:
3082:
3079:
3077:
3076:
3072:
3068:
3067:Baram–Thangmi
3065:
3063:
3062:
3058:
3057:
3056:
3053:
3051:
3050:
3046:
3044:
3043:
3039:
3038:
3036:
3033:
3029:
3025:
3020:
3016:
3011:
3006:
2999:
2994:
2992:
2987:
2985:
2980:
2979:
2976:
2967:
2961:
2957:
2952:
2948:
2944:
2940:
2936:
2932:
2931:
2926:
2921:
2918:
2915:
2903:
2902:
2896:
2886:on 2021-08-14
2882:
2878:
2871:
2866:
2862:
2858:
2854:
2850:
2846:
2842:
2838:
2834:
2829:
2828:
2822:
2816:
2808:
2803:
2799:
2795:
2791:
2786:
2782:
2776:
2772:
2767:
2763:
2757:
2753:
2752:
2746:
2745:
2740:
2731:
2729:962-201-750-9
2725:
2721:
2714:
2707:
2704:
2696:
2685:
2682:
2671:on 2019-03-27
2667:
2663:
2656:
2649:
2639:
2636:
2632:
2631:Sagart (2002)
2627:
2624:
2613:on 2004-08-30
2612:
2608:
2604:
2598:
2595:
2584:on 2019-09-09
2583:
2579:
2575:
2569:
2566:
2563:
2562:7-211-03885-3
2559:
2555:
2549:
2546:
2541:
2539:0-7007-1129-5
2535:
2532:. Routledge.
2531:
2524:
2521:
2509:
2503:
2500:
2497:
2493:
2490:
2484:
2481:
2476:
2467:
2464:
2459:
2455:
2451:
2444:
2441:
2437:
2432:
2429:
2425:
2420:
2417:
2412:
2406:
2405:
2400:
2395:
2392:
2385:
2376:
2370:
2364:
2358:
2351:
2348:
2343:
2336:
2333:
2329:
2325:
2319:
2316:
2309:
2305:
2302:
2300:
2297:
2295:
2292:
2290:
2287:
2285:
2282:
2280:
2279:Hakka culture
2277:
2275:
2272:
2271:
2267:
2265:
2263:
2259:
2258:
2254:In 2023, The
2252:
2250:
2246:
2241:
2239:
2234:
2231:
2226:
2224:
2223:
2218:
2217:
2211:
2209:
2208:
2202:
2200:
2195:
2192:
2188:
2183:
2181:
2180:
2175:
2171:
2167:
2162:
2159:
2151:
2147:
2143:
2136:
2134:
2132:
2128:
2124:
2120:
2119:
2113:
2111:
2107:
2103:
2097:
2089:
2087:
2085:
2075:
2067:
2063:
2058:
2051:
2044:
2042:
2035:
2034:
2030:
2028:
2021:
2020:
2016:
2014:
2010:阿妹，若母去投墟轉來毋曾？
2007:
2006:
2002:
1999:
1996:
1995:
1989:
1986:
1981:
1975:
1970:
1964:
1958:
1957:(Hakka / ).
1955:
1950:
1944:
1934:'chopsticks'
1933:
1931:
1928:
1924:
1923:
1919:
1917:
1914:
1910:
1909:
1905:
1903:
1900:
1896:
1895:
1891:
1889:
1886:
1882:
1881:
1877:
1875:
1872:
1868:
1867:
1863:
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1854:
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1849:
1846:
1843:
1842:
1831:
1829:
1826:
1820:
1816:
1815:
1811:
1809:
1806:
1802:
1801:
1797:
1795:
1792:
1788:
1787:
1783:
1781:
1778:
1774:
1773:
1769:
1767:
1764:
1760:
1759:
1755:
1753:
1750:
1746:
1745:
1742:'care about'
1741:
1739:
1736:
1732:
1731:
1727:
1725:
1722:
1718:
1717:
1713:
1711:
1708:
1704:
1703:
1699:
1696:
1693:
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1686:
1679:
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1676:
1672:
1668:
1664:
1660:
1656:
1652:
1648:
1642:
1639:
1637:
1634:
1632:
1629:
1627:
1624:
1622:
1621:Hailu dialect
1619:
1617:
1614:
1612:
1609:
1607:
1604:
1602:
1599:
1597:
1594:
1592:
1591:Wuhua dialect
1589:
1586:
1583:
1580:
1576:
1573:
1572:
1571:
1569:
1565:
1561:
1557:
1553:
1549:
1545:
1544:Lufeng County
1541:
1537:
1532:
1530:
1526:
1522:
1518:
1514:
1510:
1506:
1502:
1498:
1494:
1490:
1489:checked tones
1485:
1483:
1479:
1475:
1471:
1467:
1463:
1459:
1455:
1451:
1434:
1427:
1424:
1416:
1411:
1407:
1401:
1398:Word-initial
1397:
1394:
1390:
1386:
1382:
1378:
1375:
1371:
1367:
1363:
1359:
1355:
1351:
1347:
1343:
1339:
1335:
1332:
1328:
1324:
1320:
1316:
1312:
1308:
1304:
1300:
1296:
1292:
1288:
1284:
1280:
1276:
1275:
1274:
1272:
1264:
1262:
1260:
1256:
1252:
1248:
1243:
1241:
1237:
1233:
1229:
1225:
1221:
1217:
1211:
1207:
1203:
1200:provinces of
1199:
1195:
1191:
1187:
1183:
1176:Early history
1175:
1170:
1168:
1166:
1162:
1158:
1157:Tonggu County
1154:
1150:
1146:
1142:
1138:
1134:
1130:
1126:
1121:
1116:
1111:
1106:
1102:
1091:
1081:
1076:
1072:
1065:
1055:
1045:
1038:
1033:
1024:
1023:
1017:
1015:
1012:
1010:
1006:
1002:
997:
995:
991:
987:
982:
980:
975:
971:
967:
963:
959:
955:
951:
947:
943:
939:
935:
931:
927:
923:
919:
915:
911:
907:
903:
899:
895:
890:
888:
884:
880:
876:
872:
868:
864:
860:
858:
853:
848:
842:
837:
832:
828:
826:
821:
816:
810:
805:
800:
796:
789:
766:
754:
752:
749:
745:
742:
738:
730:
728:
724:
716:
714:
710:
707:
703:
697:
690:
688:
684:
678:
671:
669:
665:
662:
658:
650:
646:
643:
639:
631:
629:
625:
622:
618:
610:
608:
604:
601:
597:
592:
588:
584:
580:
575:
573:
569:
565:
557:
555:
551:
543:
541:
537:
533:
528:
520:
516:
512:
508:
504:
502:
496:
492:
487:
483:
481:
477:
473:
469:
467:
466:
461:
457:
453:
450:
445:
440:
433:
428:
427:
422:
421:
415:
411:
406:
405:
400:
399:
397:
395:
391:
387:
381:
376:
369:
365:
362:
360:
357:
356:
354:
350:
344:
339:
336:
334:
331:
329:
326:
324:
321:
320:
319:
305:
302:
301:
300:
297:
296:
295:
292:
291:
290:
286:
280:
270:
267:
266:
265:
262:
261:
260:
257:
256:
255:
251:
247:
241:
237:
231:
228:
225:
221:
217:
213:
209:
205:
201:
197:
193:
189:
185:
181:
174:
169:
165:
159:
148:
143:
134:
131:
123:
112:
109:
105:
102:
98:
95:
91:
88:
84:
81: –
80:
76:
75:Find sources:
69:
65:
59:
58:
53:This article
51:
47:
42:
41:
36:
29:
22:
8736:Shanghainese
8681:Japonic Sign
8627:
8507:Sino-Tibetan
8208:Austronesian
8144:GX = Guangxi
8132:
8130:Tibetan Sign
8120:
8106:Chinese Sign
7972:Creole/Mixed
7852:
7841:Southeastern
7829:Southwestern
7792:Northeastern
7777:Varieties of
5777:Hanyu Pinyin
5767:Romanization
5674:Semi-cursive
5519:Old Mandarin
5476:Stroke count
5403:
5396:
5318:Old National
5161:Unclassified
4919:
4066:Southwestern
3899:Northeastern
3881:Major groups
3870:
3820:
3807:
3800:
3793:
3786:
3779:
3772:
3747:
3693:
3686:
3661:
3647:
3640:
3631:
3624:
3583:
3568:Lolo-Burmese
3566:
3542:
3520:
3513:
3506:
3494:
3487:
3480:
3468:
3461:
3454:
3388:
3356:
3349:
3340:
3333:
3321:
3314:
3286:
3279:
3272:
3262:
3255:
3248:
3236:
3229:
3181:
3175:
3161:
3154:
3140:
3133:
3108:
3099:
3092:
3085:
3073:
3059:
3047:
3040:
3005:Sino-Tibetan
2955:
2934:
2928:
2906:. Retrieved
2900:
2888:. Retrieved
2881:the original
2876:
2852:
2848:
2836:
2832:
2815:cite journal
2797:
2793:
2770:
2750:
2719:
2712:
2706:
2694:
2684:
2673:. Retrieved
2666:the original
2661:
2654:
2638:
2626:
2615:. Retrieved
2611:the original
2606:
2597:
2586:. Retrieved
2582:the original
2577:
2568:
2553:
2548:
2529:
2523:
2511:. Retrieved
2502:
2483:
2466:
2458:the original
2453:
2443:
2431:
2419:
2402:
2394:
2350:
2335:
2318:
2294:Hagfa Pinyim
2255:
2253:
2248:
2244:
2242:
2237:
2235:
2229:
2227:
2221:
2214:
2212:
2205:
2203:
2198:
2196:
2190:
2186:
2184:
2177:
2174:Meizhou TV-2
2173:
2169:
2165:
2163:
2157:
2155:
2146:Tsai Ing-wen
2116:
2114:
2106:Latin script
2099:
2090:Latin script
2083:
2071:
1959:
1939:
1906:'telephone'
1683:
1674:
1670:
1666:
1662:
1658:
1654:
1650:
1646:
1645:
1611:Dabu dialect
1533:
1528:
1527:tones and a
1524:
1520:
1516:
1496:
1492:
1486:
1447:
1438:𠊎講客。客語友善環境。
1409:
1403:
1399:
1392:
1388:
1384:
1380:
1373:
1369:
1365:
1361:
1357:
1353:
1349:
1345:
1341:
1337:
1330:
1326:
1322:
1318:
1314:
1310:
1306:
1302:
1290:
1286:
1282:
1278:
1268:
1244:
1228:Song Dynasty
1218:
1182:Hakka people
1179:
1165:Huai-yuan-fa
1164:
1152:
1148:
1144:
1140:
1136:
1132:
1128:
1124:
1114:
1104:
1101:Hakka people
1098:
1085:
1071:ISO 639 code
1067:}}
1061:{{
1057:}}
1051:{{
1047:}}
1041:{{
1036:
1013:
1009:romanization
998:
983:
891:
867:Hakka people
850:
844:
818:
812:
794:
793:
757:Kheh-oē (客话)
741:Southern Min
733:haak gaa waa
695:
679:hag5 ga1 va4
676:
674:hag5 ga1 fa4
668:Romanization
660:
648:Romanization
628:Romanization
607:Hanyu Pinyin
581:hag5 ga1 va4
578:
576:hag5 ga1 fa4
498:
480:Linguasphere
463:
424:
402:
364:Latin script
268:
254:Sino-Tibetan
218:in Indonesia
126:
120:January 2024
117:
107:
100:
93:
86:
74:
62:Please help
57:verification
54:
21:Hakka people
7638:Fuyu Kyrgyz
7437:Tai Hongjin
7123:Muak Sa-aak
5846:Xiao'erjing
5708:Punctuation
5701:Traditional
5654:Oracle bone
5638:Logographic
5534:Proto-Hakka
5509:Eastern Han
5504:Old Chinese
5366:Classifiers
5333:Northern Wu
5261:Singaporean
4467: [
4455: [
4443: [
4431: [
4419: [
3809:Proto-Hakka
3738:Mahakiranti
3244:East Bodish
3024:Uttarakhand
2941:: 247–267.
2908:11 February
2655:Mínzú yǔwén
2554:Shezu yuyan
2436:Coblin 2019
2289:Pha̍k-fa-sṳ
2110:Pha̍k-fa-sṳ
2096:Pha̍k-fa-sṳ
2024:厥老弟捉倒隻蛘葉來搞。
1960:Hakka uses
1728:'formerly'
1669:(Longnan),
1297:) in Early
1224:Gan Chinese
1194:Western Jin
1117:(Mandarin:
1107:(Mandarin:
1088:August 2024
852:Pha̍k-fa-sṳ
820:Pha̍k-fa-sṳ
687:Pha̍k-fa-sṳ
513:instead of
368:Pha̍k-fa-sṳ
304:Proto-Hakka
294:Old Chinese
283:Early forms
8834:Categories
8780:Vietnamese
8768:Indonesian
8588:Fuzhounese
8448:Kanakanavu
8159:XZ = Tibet
8150:MC = Macau
8090:Zhangzhung
7834:Sichuanese
7761:Vietnamese
7158:Hmong-Mien
7037:Waxianghua
6818:Khroskyabs
6106:Indigenous
5994:Prefecture
5969:Portuguese
5797:Wade–Giles
5696:Simplified
5591:Vernacular
5584:in Vietnam
5437:Simplified
5424:Biaoxingma
5371:Honorifics
5306:Historical
5251:Philippine
5241:Sichuanese
5168:Badong Yao
4872:Shao–Jiang
4743:Philippine
4551:Xiangxiang
4546:Shuangfeng
4291:Taizhou Wu
4074:Sichuanese
3703:Idu–Taraon
3657:Miju–Meyor
3550:Gyalrongic
3396:Tangkhulic
3171:Raji–Raute
2890:2016-04-05
2839:(1): 1–64.
2675:2021-07-03
2617:2014-10-12
2588:2010-06-11
2404:Ethnologue
2386:References
1997:Character
1844:Character
1812:'I', 'me'
1756:'naughty'
1694:Character
1680:Vocabulary
1665:(Min-Ke),
1647:Ethnologue
1391:in Hakka (
1255:She people
1249:, and the
1236:Hmong-Mien
1232:substratum
857:Hak-kâ-ngî
719:haak gā wá
653:Khak-ka-ua
90:newspapers
35:Hakha Chin
8763:Malaysian
8726:Cantonese
8698:Auxiliary
8367:Ketagalan
8285:Favorlang
8070:Tocharian
8004:Qoqmončaq
7956:Cantonese
7910:Shaojiang
7883:Hainanese
7812:Zhongyuan
7807:Jiao-Liao
7741:Esperanto
7643:Ili Turki
7350:Khamnigan
7215:Kiong Nai
6986:Zitsadegu
5964:Mongolian
5954:Cantonese
5735:Taiwanese
5725:Cantonese
5569:Classical
5529:Proto-Min
5464:Microsoft
5323:Cantonese
5299:Phonology
5280:Cantonese
5271:Singdarin
5256:Malaysian
5246:Taiwanese
5150:Rongjiang
5140:Yongjiang
5136:Southern
5121:Northern
5095:Luo–Guang
5004:Hong Kong
4999:Guangzhou
4955:Taiwanese
4948:Changting
4882:Zhanjiang
4796:Zhongshan
4763:Malaysian
4758:Singapore
4723:Zhangzhou
4675:Zhongshan
4568:Yong–Quan
4464:Jing-Zhan
4394:Xuancheng
4371:Jiangshan
4250:Changzhou
4171:Junjiahua
4024:Guanzhong
3907:Changchun
3802:Proto-Min
3733:Macro-Bai
3611:Arunachal
3604:(possible
3419:Boro–Garo
3323:Kuki-Chin
3306:and Indo-
3221:Arunachal
3208:Himalayas
3183:Tandrange
3150:Chepangic
3081:Dhimalish
3015:Himalayas
2691:广东省饶平方言记音
2243:In 2019,
2236:In 2012,
2228:In 2005,
2213:In 2003,
2197:In 1999,
2185:In 1991,
2164:In 1988,
2084:漢字 Hon-sṳ
1992:Examples
1920:'school'
1667:Ning-Long
1655:Yuezhong
1513:Guangdong
1501:Changting
1478:Hong Kong
1417:Phonology
1125:Hak-ka-fa
1018:Etymology
1005:Guangdong
950:Indonesia
938:Singapore
902:Guangdong
894:varieties
881:areas of
698:Hak-kâ-va
693:Hak-kâ-fa
634:Kah-ka-ho
465:Glottolog
449:ISO 639-3
223:Ethnicity
196:Hong Kong
188:Guangdong
164:Hak-kâ-fa
158:Hak-kâ-va
28:Abu Hakfa
8812:Language
8748:Japanese
8743:Filipino
8557:Southern
8525:Mandarin
8413:Southern
8394:Sakizaya
8334:Saisiyat
8272:Northern
8226:Atayalic
8217:Formosan
8014:Tangwang
7994:Macanese
7989:Lingling
7922:Northern
7905:Northern
7868:Southern
7787:Mandarin
7714:Minority
7674:Sarikoli
7587:Tungusic
7548:Naxi Yao
7493:Cao Miao
7417:Ningming
7317:Mongolic
7293:Dzao Min
7288:Biao Min
7245:Qo Xiong
7240:Pingtang
6936:Dongwang
6878:Tshobdun
6803:Guiqiong
6405:Sangkong
6180:Muangphe
6142:Mondzish
6096:numerous
6087:Counties
5934:Regional
5918:Official
5819:Bopomofo
5748:Phonetic
5740:Two-cell
5669:Clerical
5579:in Japan
5574:Adoption
5562:Official
5553:Literary
5428:Boshiamy
5405:Xiehouyu
5361:Numerals
5338:Mandarin
5266:Standard
5226:Standard
5100:Qin–Lian
5090:Yong–Xun
5075:Gao–Yang
5021:Jiujiang
5009:Malaysia
4943:Tingzhou
4894:Wenchang
4855:Jianyang
4845:Northern
4804:Sanxiang
4718:Quanzhou
4701:Southern
4670:Manjiang
4534:Changsha
4494:Nanchang
4489:Chang–Du
4386:Xuanzhou
4376:Qingtian
4330:Wencheng
4276:Jiangyin
4271:Jinxiang
4261:Shaoxing
4255:Hangzhou
4235:Shanghai
4176:Qinjiang
4084:Minjiang
4056:Xinjiang
4014:Dongping
3978:Jiaoliao
3917:Shenyang
3890:Mandarin
3607:isolates
3574:Mondzish
3502:Cai–Long
3250:Tshangla
3206:Eastern
3049:Tamangic
3019:Himachal
3013:Western
3007:branches
2947:23825447
2861:23756757
2492:Archived
2268:See also
2222:Hakka TV
2133:scheme.
1798:'mouth'
1784:'house'
1770:'penis'
1714:'clean'
1663:Tingzhou
1560:Pingyuan
1556:Xingning
1552:Jiaoling
1482:Shenzhen
1474:Fengshun
1466:Xingning
1462:Jiaoling
1454:Pingyuan
1428:Dialects
1402:as in 學
1271:phonemes
1210:Mandarin
970:Mandarin
946:Thailand
942:Malaysia
898:dialects
879:diaspora
814:Kèjiāhuà
727:Jyutping
613:Kèjiāhuà
519:Help:IPA
472:hakk1236
328:Tingzhou
317:Dialects
200:Malaysia
8798:Portals
8721:English
8661:Zhao'an
8656:Raoping
8605:Pu-Xian
8580:Eastern
8516:Sinitic
8481:Batanic
8404:Taivoan
8389:Qauqaut
8384:Makatao
8377:Luilang
8362:Kavalan
8085:Xianbei
8080:Tuyuhun
8050:Old Yue
8028:Extinct
8009:Sanqiao
7900:Central
7890:Eastern
7873:Hokkien
7817:Lan-Yin
7797:Beijing
7779:Chinese
7736:Russian
7498:Chadong
7478:Ai-Cham
7447:Tai Nüa
7432:Tai Dón
7427:Tai Dam
7385:Kra-Dai
7355:Monguor
7345:Kangjia
7303:Kim Mun
7298:Iu Mien
7220:Luobohe
7210:Huishui
7190:Guiyang
7167:Hmongic
7128:Palaung
7118:Man Met
7022:Longjia
6971:Ladakhi
6966:Kyirong
6956:Khalong
6941:Drugchu
6898:Tibetic
6868:Shixing
6780:Qiangic
6561:Alingpo
6553:Nisoish
6538:Yangliu
6533:Xuzhang
6463:Laizisi
6458:Kuamasi
6453:Kua-nsi
6435:Lisoish
6415:Tsukong
6355:Laomian
6280:Baihong
6247:Hanoish
6238:Loloish
6223:Lhao Vo
6218:Chashan
6203:Xiandao
6190:Burmish
6133:Burmese
6091:Banners
6047:Tai Nüa
5974:Tibetan
5959:English
5718:Braille
5679:Cursive
5629:Scripts
5496:History
5486:ZhengMa
5432:Cangjie
5398:Chengyu
5353:Grammar
5328:Hokkien
5285:Hokkien
5193:Waxiang
5173:Danzhou
5145:Guandao
5130:Younian
5125:Tongdao
5114:Pinghua
5054:Taishan
4970:Raoping
4938:Huizhou
4928:Meixian
4904:Banqiao
4877:Leizhou
4867:Pu–Xian
4862:Central
4850:Jian'ou
4825:Longyan
4773:Teochew
4710:Hokkien
4685:Nanlang
4641:Fu–Ning
4621:Changle
4603:Houguan
4594:Eastern
4541:Loushao
4529:Changyi
4511:Da–Tong
4506:Ying–Yi
4452:Yanzhou
4320:Wenzhou
4313:Oujiang
4304:Tiantai
4299:Taizhou
4208:Zhi–Yan
4155:Nantong
4150:Nanjing
4125:Gui–Liu
4115:Nanping
4110:Kunming
4036:Luoyang
3991:Qingdao
3963:Tianjin
3940:Beijing
3932:Beijing
3821:Italics
3682:Siangic
3663:Songlin
3642:Kho-Bwa
3620:Hrusish
3602:Dubious
3585:Loloish
3579:Burmish
3544:Qiangic
3515:Longjia
3482:Karenic
3476:Nungish
3456:Sinitic
3342:Hkongso
3304:Myanmar
3274:Gongduk
3238:Tibetic
3156:Chepang
3129:Magaric
3075:Kiranti
3055:Newaric
2695:Fāngyán
1892:'home'
1878:'moon'
1675:Tonggu.
1651:Yue-Tai
1531:tone).
1505:Haifeng
1493:rusheng
1450:Meixian
1368:/j/ (人
1356:/ɻ/ (人
1206:Shaanxi
1171:History
1161:Jiangxi
1149:Ngai-fa
1080:See why
930:Guizhou
926:Jiangxi
918:Sichuan
906:Guangxi
885:and in
877:, some
846:Kèjiāyǔ
831:Chinese
799:Chinese
748:Hokkien
515:Unicode
338:Huizhou
323:Meixian
264:Chinese
259:Sinitic
208:Vietnam
204:Chợ Lớn
104:scholar
8753:Korean
8641:Sixian
8538:Junhua
8453:Saaroa
8440:Tsouic
8430:Puyuma
8425:Paiwan
8399:Siraya
8323:Kaxabu
8307:Arikun
8302:Hoanya
8297:Papora
8290:Taokas
8280:Babuza
8255:Rukaic
8239:Seediq
8234:Atayal
8065:Tangut
8055:Rouran
8045:Khitan
8035:Ba–Shu
7999:Maojia
7984:Hezhou
7895:Puxian
7878:Teoswa
7763:(Kinh)
7731:Kyrgyz
7726:Korean
7721:Kazakh
7625:Turkic
7610:Oroqen
7600:Manchu
7595:Evenki
7563:Qabiao
7553:Ong Be
7538:Maonan
7528:Lakkja
7518:Jiamao
7488:Buyang
7452:Tai Ya
7442:Tai Lü
7402:Bouyei
7394:Zhuang
7375:Torgut
7330:Buryat
7280:Mienic
7270:Younuo
7250:Raojia
7230:Pa-Hng
7225:Mashan
7195:Hm Nai
7180:Bu-Nao
7175:A-Hmao
7098:Bumang
7017:Jingpo
7012:Derung
7007:Caijia
6981:Zhongu
6951:Gserpa
6843:Namuyi
6813:Japhug
6762:Zauzou
6737:Namuyi
6722:Kucong
6696:Zokhuo
6691:Thopho
6671:Phupha
6656:Phukha
6601:Khlula
6543:Zibusi
6528:Toloza
6523:Sonaga
6508:Mangdi
6503:Lolopo
6448:Hlersu
6385:Phana’
6380:Nuomei
6360:Laopin
6295:Bukong
6270:Angluo
6198:Achang
6175:Mondzi
6077:Zhuang
6052:Tai Lü
6042:Kazakh
6037:Kyrgyz
6022:Korean
6012:Bouyei
5984:Zhuang
5979:Uyghur
5787:Postal
5782:MPS II
5659:Bronze
5539:Ba–Shu
5459:Google
5454:Pinyin
5390:Idioms
5203:Yeheni
5085:Wu–Hua
5080:Goulou
5059:Xinhui
5036:Dapeng
5031:Weitou
5016:Xiguan
4991:Yuehai
4960:Sixian
4899:Haikou
4889:Hainan
4820:Zhenan
4786:Haklau
4781:Swatow
4753:Penang
4738:Taiwan
4733:Chawan
4680:Longdu
4649:Ningde
4626:Gutian
4616:Fuqing
4611:Fuzhou
4573:Qiyang
4556:Wugang
4501:Yi–Liu
4428:Xiu-Yi
4416:Ji-She
4366:Quzhou
4358:Chu–Qu
4348:Jinhua
4340:Wuzhou
4325:Rui'an
4266:Ningbo
4240:Suzhou
4130:Wuming
4101:Zigong
4089:Leshan
4051:Lanyin
4046:Dungan
4041:Xuzhou
4019:Gangou
3996:Weihai
3986:Dalian
3945:Taiwan
3912:Harbin
3695:Milang
3649:Puroik
3633:Mijiic
3557:Ersuic
3508:Caijia
3424:Konyak
3390:Meitei
3294:Chamdo
3231:Bodish
3217:Bhutan
3163:Bhujel
3110:Lepcha
3101:Lhokpu
3087:Dhimal
3032:Sikkim
2962:
2945:
2859:
2777:
2758:
2726:
2716:客語拼音字彙
2560:
2536:
2513:22 May
2324:Taiwan
2123:Miaoli
2003:Gloss
1864:'sun'
1850:Gloss
1700:Gloss
1671:Yugui,
1536:Taiwan
1509:Lufeng
1472:, and
1214:-p-t-k
1133:Hak-fa
934:Taiwan
914:Fujian
910:Hainan
875:Taiwan
843::
841:pinyin
833::
811::
809:pinyin
801::
788:Taiwan
404:Taiwan
333:Sixian
210:, and
190:, the
183:Region
106:
99:
92:
85:
77:
8824:China
8758:Malay
8646:Hailu
8628:Hakka
8420:Bunun
8372:Basay
8329:Kulon
8319:Pazeh
8262:Rukai
8244:Truku
8075:Tuoba
8019:Wutun
7934:Xiang
7927:Auish
7853:Hakka
7802:Ji-Lu
7767:Wakhi
7756:Uzbek
7751:Tuvan
7746:Tatar
7667:Other
7653:Salar
7605:Nanai
7543:Mulam
7508:Gelao
7471:Other
7370:Santa
7365:Ordos
7360:Oirat
7325:Bonan
7265:Xixiu
7235:Pa Na
7200:Hmong
7185:Gejia
7133:Riang
7093:Bugan
7088:Bolyu
7083:Blang
7032:Tujia
6995:Other
6976:Tseku
6961:Khams
6946:Groma
6926:Choni
6916:Basum
6911:Baima
6888:Zhaba
6808:Horpa
6793:Choyo
6788:Baima
6757:Sanie
6732:Naruo
6717:Katso
6712:Gokhy
6705:Other
6681:Samei
6676:Phuza
6666:Phupa
6661:Phuma
6651:Phowa
6646:Phola
6641:Phala
6636:Nuosu
6591:Bokha
6566:Alugu
6513:Micha
6425:Yiche
6410:Suobi
6375:Nuobi
6345:Kaduo
6340:Kabie
6320:Habei
6310:Duota
6305:Duoni
6300:Cosao
6228:Zaiwa
6213:Lashi
6165:Mango
6160:Manga
6155:Maang
6150:Kathu
6131:Lolo-
6057:Zaiwa
6027:Qiang
6017:Tujia
6002:Hmong
5851:Nüshu
5555:forms
5469:Sogou
5416:Input
5290:Hakka
5228:forms
5068:Other
5026:Shiqi
4965:Hailu
4933:Wuhua
4920:Hakka
4838:Other
4813:Other
4748:Pedan
4663:Other
4654:Fu'an
4631:Matsu
4563:Ji–Xu
4521:Xiang
4471:]
4459:]
4447:]
4440:Qi-De
4435:]
4423:]
4281:Shadi
4227:Taihu
4181:Gyami
4164:Other
4120:Wuhan
4029:Xi'an
3968:Jinan
3626:Hruso
3522:Luren
3496:Kathu
3470:Tujia
3358:Taman
3329:Mruic
3316:Karbi
3257:Basum
3213:Tibet
3135:Magar
3061:Newar
3028:Nepal
2943:JSTOR
2884:(PDF)
2873:(PDF)
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