40:
55:
397:. Huaxian was completely destroyed, killing more than half the residents of the city, with an estimated death toll in the hundreds of thousands. The situation in Weinan and Huayin was similar. In certain areas, 20-metre-deep (66 ft) crevices opened in the earth. Destruction and death were widespread, affecting places as far as 500 kilometres (310 mi) from the epicenter. The earthquake also triggered landslides, which contributed to the massive death toll. The rupture occurred during the reign of the
424:, various misfortunes took place. Mountains and rivers changed places and roads were destroyed. In some places, the ground suddenly rose up and formed new hills, or it sank abruptly and became new valleys. In other areas, a stream burst out in an instant, or the ground broke and new gullies appeared. Huts, official houses, temples and city walls collapsed all of a sudden.
62:
234:
516:
area. Two studies in 1992 and 2010 estimated the fault scarps at 2–4 m (6 ft 7 in – 13 ft 1 in) and 7–8 m (23–26 ft) respectively. There has not been any research to confirm these scarps were produced by the earthquake or formed by multiple events. Assuming
446:
lived through the earthquake and recorded details. One conclusion he drew was that "at the very beginning of an earthquake, people indoors should not go out immediately. Just crouch down and wait. Even if the nest has collapsed, some eggs may remain intact." The shaking reduced the height of the
494:
was XI to XII occurring in
Huaxian and Weinan. This would support the theory of the earthquake rupturing along the Huashan and Weinan faults. Intensity VIII was observed throughout the basin and the intensity X+ zone was 100 km (62 mi) long.
498:
Studies about the earthquake published between 1998 and 2017 presumed scarps along the
Huashan and Weinan faults, some higher than 8 m (26 ft), were produced by the 1556 earthquake. The fault zone is located northeast of
511:
artefacts which were 4,000 years old. In a separate 1998 study, the fault scarps were about 4–7 m (13–23 ft) high. Scarps of the Weinan Fault are less detailed in published works with most focused around the
577:. An 840-kilometre-wide (520 mi) area was destroyed, and in some counties as much as 60% of the population was killed. The cost of damage done by the earthquake is almost impossible to measure in modern terms.
1371:
Houa, Jian-Jun; Hanb, Mu-Kang; Chaib, Bao-Long; Hanc, Heng-Yue (1998), "Geomorphological observations of active faults in the epicentral region of the
Huaxian large earthquake in 1556 in Shaanxi Province, China",
1434:
984:
503:. This normal fault generally trends east–west and dips to the north. A 1995 study said scarps along the Huashan Fault were 3–8 m (9.8–26.2 ft) high. Near the town of Huashan, the fault
521: would be 7.0–7.5, according to empirical scaling relationships between magnitude and fault rupture length. This suggest previous values for the earthquake's magnitude were overestimated.
910:
seismologists 冯万鹏,薑文亮,龚丽霞,公茂盛,胡进军; Revised by CEA seismologists 王文清,续春荣,张宝红; Edited by CEA chiefs 谢礼立,张景发. Tsinghua
University Press. Pages XIII, 162. "1556年陕西华县8级大地震，死亡的83万人中, 据估计死于瘟疫者不下七八成"
1339:(1953), "Treatise in which the things of China are related at great length, with their particularities, ... Composed by the Rev. Father Fr. Gaspar da Cruz of the Order of Sain Dominic", in
612:. Much of the population in some of the affected areas lived in yaodongs. This was a major contributing factor to the very high death toll. The earthquake collapsed many caves and caused
867:
1233:
1420:
898:
1830:
357:
in response to northwest–southeast directed extension. Following a tectonically quiet period during the late
Paleogene the rift basins became active again in the
1346:
South China in the sixteenth century: being the narratives of
Galeote Pereira, Fr. Gaspar da Cruz, O.P. [and] Fr. Martín de Rada, O.E.S.A. (1550–1575)
1020:
321:
cliffs—which collapsed and buried alive those sleeping inside. Modern estimates put the direct deaths from the earthquake at over 100,000, while over 700,000
928:
806:
2469:
54:
666:
598:
334:
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in response to NNW–SSE directed extension, activity that continues to the present. The basins in the Weihe-Shanxi Rift System are bounded by large
952:"Coulomb stress evolution in the Shanxi rift system, North China, since 1303 associated with coseismic, post-seismic and interseismic deformation"
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1121:
This quotation is from a translation of a
Chinese study of historical earthquake. 賀明靜編著，(1990年)，《（1556年）華縣地震災害研究》，西安：陜西人民出版社，頁92。
157:
2059:
1787:
2490:
2452:
1938:
985:"Late Quaternary Activity of the Huashan Piedmont Fault and Associated Hazards in the Southeastern Weihe Graben, Central China"
907:
863:
719:"Geomorphology and Paleoseismology of the Weinan Fault, Shaanxi, Central China, and the Source of the 1556 Huaxian Earthquake"
369:
geometry, with the main controlling faults, such as the
Huashan Fault and North Qinling Fault, forming the southern boundary.
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44:
Map of China showing modern-day
Shaanxi province (red) and the other provinces affected by the earthquake (orange)
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2089:
1984:
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1041:
Shi, W.; Dong, S.; Hu, J. (2019). "Neotectonics around the Ordos Block, North China: A review and new insights".
345:
Huaxian lies within the Weihe Basin, one of the rift basins that form the southern and eastern boundaries of the
920:
798:
2410:
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1590:
1569:
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and plagues, which summed up to a total loss of 830,000 people in
Imperial records. It is one of the deadliest
585:
Modern estimates put the direct deaths from the earthquake to be probably a little over 100,000, while 730,000
127:
39:
2395:
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2390:
2370:
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2360:
2310:
2265:
2250:
2184:
2174:
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2004:
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1958:
1953:
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2154:
2139:
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2019:
1989:
1968:
1948:
1943:
1908:
1858:
1727:
1707:
1702:
1671:
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1600:
1549:
1513:
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837:
468:
2380:
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2189:
2144:
2099:
2084:
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2044:
2034:
2024:
2009:
1994:
1963:
1772:
1610:
1585:
1564:
1539:
1518:
1503:
636:
later in 1556, heard about the earthquake, and later reported about it in the last chapter of his book
718:
420:
In the winter of 1556, an earthquake catastrophe occurred in the Shaanxi and Shanxi Provinces. In our
2375:
2134:
2129:
2014:
1651:
1508:
1381:
996:
733:
1075:
1595:
645:
421:
330:
297:
1058:
1012:
749:
586:
517:
both faults ruptured during the earthquake, which runs for a total 90 km (56 mi), the M
350:
322:
238:
99:
463:
Modern estimates, based on geological data, give the earthquake a magnitude of approximately 8 M
692:
International Association of Engineering Geology International Congress. Proceedings. (1990).
365:, which have been responsible for large historical earthquakes. The Weihe Basin has an overall
329:
and plagues, which summed up to a total loss of 830,000 people in Imperial records. It was the
1316:
1289:
1175:
1102:
1096:
895:
693:
504:
443:
1169:
483:, there have been earthquakes with considerably higher magnitudes. Following the earthquake,
1389:
1050:
1004:
963:
741:
590:
508:
386:
326:
303:
261:
108:
1412:
405:. Therefore, in the Chinese historical record, this earthquake is often referred to as the
1220:
1201:
1155:
1082:
902:
625:
398:
276:
86:
648:
as, possibly, the sign of this calamity (as well as perhaps the sign of the birth of the
1407:
1385:
1312:
Geological Hazards: Earthquakes — Tsunamis — Volcanoes, Avalanches — Landslides — Floods
1000:
737:
717:
Feng, X.; Ma, J.; Zhou, Y.; England, P.; Parsons, B.; Rizza, M.A.; Walker, R.T. (2020).
1336:
1213:
1194:
629:
472:
17:
1393:
2484:
1062:
1016:
753:
609:
513:
318:
1054:
1349:, Issue 106 of Works issued by the Hakluyt Society, Printed for the Hakluyt Society
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307:
192:
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1344:
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1148:
366:
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1135:
649:
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1309:
Bolt, B. A.; Horn, W. L.; MacDonald, G. A.; Scott, R. F. (21 December 2013).
172:
159:
1008:
633:
613:
382:
378:
354:
282:
968:
951:
745:
574:
546:
500:
475:, though more recent discoveries have shown that it was more likely 7.9 M
452:
233:
1808:
640:(1569). He viewed the earthquake as a possible punishment for people's
605:
570:
566:
558:
358:
314:
983:
Du, Jianjun; Li, Dunpeng; Wang, Yufang; Ma, Yinsheng (February 2017),
530:
490:
Shaking was felt strongly across the Weihe Basin region. The maximum
394:
390:
562:
554:
550:
542:
538:
534:
432:
413:
232:
1358:(Translation of da Cruz's 1569 book, with C.R. Boxer's comments)
565:
were affected. Buildings were damaged slightly in the cities of
1812:
1416:
641:
1223:
Museum of Earthquakes, Ruins of Hua County Earthquake (1556)
302:), occurred in the early morning of 2 February 1556 in
103:
The 12th day of the 12th month of the 34th year of the
1098:
China's Elite Politics: Governance and Democratization
2440:
2419:
2213:
1977:
1846:
1685:
1629:
1578:
1532:
1481:
1450:
529:More than 97 counties in the provinces of Shaanxi,
225:
100,000+ (direct deaths) ~730,000 (indirect deaths)
219:
198:
188:
151:
143:
122:
114:
73:
819:１５５６年我国陕西的华县８级大地震，共死亡约８３万人，但实际上其中７０多万人死于其后的瘟疫和饥荒。
487:continued several times a month for half a year.
1285:Disaster Deaths: Trends, Causes and Determinants
479:. While it was the deadliest earthquake and the
418:
349:. To the east the basin is continuous with the
61:
858:
856:
854:
608:—artificial loess caves—on high cliffs in the
385:Valley in Shaanxi Province, near Huaxian (now
335:deadliest natural disasters in Chinese history
1824:
1428:
1168:Christopher E.M. Pearson (5 September 2017).
1132:"MUSEUM OF FOREST OF STONE TABLETS IN XI' AN"
1085:, History Channel's Record of the earthquake.
290:
269:
241:along the southern and eastern margin of the
8:
726:Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth
32:
1259:George Pararas-Carayannis (23 March 2013).
481:third-deadliest natural disaster in history
2470:China International Search and Rescue Team
1831:
1817:
1809:
1435:
1421:
1413:
890:
888:
886:
831:
829:
827:
792:
790:
781:
38:
31:
967:
950:Li, B.; Sørensen, B.; Atakan, K. (2015).
846:1556年陕西发生大地震，当时死亡10万人，而第2年发生大瘟疫，却死亡70多万人
128:
1444:Historical earthquakes (1000 AD–1500 AD)
1234:"China's History of Massive Earthquakes"
712:
710:
708:
706:
667:List of disasters in China by death toll
604:Millions of people at the time lived in
331:deadliest recorded earthquake in history
260:), known in Chinese colloquially by its
682:
1282:Paul, Bimal Kanti (30 December 2020).
688:
686:
313:Most of the residents there lived in
7:
763:from the original on 22 October 2022
471:and XI (catastrophic damage) on the
439:, 40 were broken in the earthquake.
353:. The Weihe basin formed during the
2448:China Meteorological Administration
597:, in turn making it one of the top
428:The earthquake damaged many of the
931:from the original on 28 March 2023
809:from the original on 4 August 2023
25:
1261:"Historical Earthquakes in China"
1101:. World Scientific. p. 272.
956:Geophysical Journal International
921:"Deadliest Earthquakes on Record"
416:it was described in this manner:
2458:China Earthquake Networks Center
1271:from the original on 7 May 2018.
878:实则直接死于地震的只有十数万人，其余70余万人均死于瘟疫和饥荒
599:disasters in China by death toll
60:
53:
2453:China Earthquake Administration
1055:10.1016/j.earscirev.2019.102969
908:China Earthquake Administration
864:China Earthquake Administration
199:
1934:1739 Yinchuan–Pingluo, Ningxia
1408:Ruins of Hua County Earthquake
672:List of historical earthquakes
1:
1939:1786 Kangding-Luding, Sichuan
1394:10.1016/S0191-8141(97)00112-0
1374:Journal of Structural Geology
1236:. 12 May 2008. Archived from
1204:, China virtual museums quake
1158:, China virtual museums quake
2125:1976 Songpan–Pingwu, Sichuan
1859:1290 Chihli (Inner Mongolia)
797:邬福肇; 曹康泰; 陈章立, eds. (1998).
662:List of earthquakes in China
2180:1996 Baotou, Inner Mongolia
2150:1988 Lancang–Gengma, Yunnan
836:高东旗; 王常有; 杜玉萍; 王晓燕 (2008).
616:which destroyed many more.
2522:
33:Shaanxi earthquake in 1556
2506:Disasters in Ming dynasty
2090:1969 Yangjiang, Guangdong
333:, and in turn one of the
291:
270:
90:2 February 1556
77:23 January 1556
49:
37:
27:Natural disaster in China
2351:2017 Jiuzhaigou, Sichuan
2346:2017 Taxkorgan, Xinjiang
1899:1668 Tangcheng, Shandong
1214:Science Museums of China
1171:1000 Monuments of Genius
901:13 November 2023 at the
407:Jiajing Great Earthquake
266:Jiajing Great Earthquake
2465:China Geological Survey
2361:2019 Changning, Sichuan
2261:2008 Panzhihua, Sichuan
2110:1975 Haicheng, Liaoning
2000:1918 Shantou, Guangdong
1929:1738 Dangjiang, Qinghai
1009:10.1111/1755-6724.13064
872:. 地震出版社. Archived from
492:China seismic intensity
449:Small Wild Goose Pagoda
437:Kaicheng Stone Classics
281:) or officially by its
250:1556 Shaanxi earthquake
18:1556 Huaxian earthquake
2491:Earthquakes in Shaanxi
2366:2020 Kashgar, Xinjiang
2336:2014 Kangding, Sichuan
2321:2014 Yingjiang, Yunnan
2296:2012 Yangzhou, Jiangsu
2256:2008 Yingjiang, Yunnan
2241:2005 Ruichang, Jiangxi
2070:1955 Kangding, Sichuan
2040:1936 Lingshan, Guangxi
1985:1902 Kashgar, Xinjiang
1924:1733 Dongchuan, Yunnan
1174:. ЛитРес. p. 73.
1081:13 August 2011 at the
906:(2005). Researched by
469:moment magnitude scale
426:
245:
173:34.50028°N 109.30000°E
2391:2022 Menyuan, Qinghai
2356:2017 Jinghe, Xinjiang
2341:2015 Pishan, Xinjiang
2316:2014 Yutian, Xinjiang
2301:2012 Zhaotong, Yunnan
2236:2003 Zhaosu, Xinjiang
2200:1998 Ninglang, Yunnan
2185:1997 Jiashi, Xinjiang
2165:1995 Menglian, Yunnan
2115:1976 Longling, Yunnan
2105:1974 Zhaotong, Yunnan
2005:1920 Haiyuan, Ningxia
1969:1889 Chilik, Xinjiang
1959:1850 Xichang, Sichuan
1879:1604 Quanzhou, Fujian
1869:1536 Xichang, Sichuan
1864:1303 Hongdong, Shanxi
1778:1585 Aleutian Islands
1043:Earth-Science Reviews
989:Acta Geologica Sinica
317:—artificial caves in
287:Hua County Earthquake
236:
2401:2022 Luding, Sichuan
2386:2021 Luxian, Sichuan
2371:2020 Qiaojia, Yunnan
2306:2013 Lushan, Sichuan
2226:2003 Bachu, Xinjiang
2175:1996 Lijiang, Yunnan
2155:1990 Gonghe, Qinghai
2145:1985 Wuqia, Xinjiang
2120:1976 Tangshan, Hebei
2095:1970 Tonghai, Yunnan
2055:1948 Litang, Sichuan
2025:1931 Fuyun, Xinjiang
1990:1906 Manas, Xinjiang
1954:1833 Kunming, Yunnan
1894:1654 Tianshui, Gansu
1889:1626 Lingqiu, Shanxi
1840:Earthquakes in China
1341:Boxer, Charles Ralph
1219:14 June 2006 at the
1200:14 June 2006 at the
1154:14 June 2006 at the
746:10.1029/2019JB017848
595:earthquakes in China
2396:2022 Ya'an, Sichuan
2381:2021 Maduo, Qinghai
2331:2014 Jinggu, Yunnan
2326:2014 Ludian, Yunnan
2281:2010 Yushu, Qinghai
2266:2008 Damxung, Tibet
2246:2006 Yanjin, Yunnan
2170:1995 Wuding, Yunnan
2140:1985 Luquan, Yunnan
2135:1983 Heze, Shandong
2100:1973 Luhuo, Sichuan
2080:1966 Xingtai, Hebei
2075:1955 Yuzha, Sichuan
2045:1937 Heze, Shandong
2035:1933 Diexi, Sichuan
2010:1923 Renda, Sichuan
1944:1815 Pinglu, Shanxi
1919:1718 Tongwei, Gansu
1909:1695 Linfen, Shanxi
1904:1679 Beijing, Hebei
1793:1596 Keichō–Fushimi
1698:1509 Constantinople
1386:1998JSG....20..549H
1001:2017AcGlS..91...76D
738:2020JGRB..12517848F
646:Great Comet of 1556
638:A Treatise of China
254:Postal romanization
178:34.50028; 109.30000
169: /
34:
2311:2013 Dingxi, Gansu
2160:1994 Taiwan Strait
2130:1981 Dawu, Sichuan
2020:1927 Gulang, Gansu
1995:1913 Eshan, Yunnan
1949:1830 Cixian, Hebei
1763:1580 Dover Straits
1647:1456 Central Italy
1621:1382 Dover Straits
1524:1185 East Midlands
1458:1033 Jordan Valley
1138:on 16 August 2004.
1095:Zhiyue Bo (2010).
969:10.1093/gji/ggv384
925:www.infoplease.com
589:away or died from
435:badly. Of the 114
351:Shanxi Rift System
325:away or died from
246:
239:Shanxi Rift System
100:Gregorian calendar
2501:1550s earthquakes
2478:
2477:
2376:2021 Dali, Yunnan
2190:1997 Manyi, Tibet
2015:1925 Dali, Yunnan
1806:
1805:
1753:1575 San Salvador
1662:1475 Tenochtitlan
1322:978-3-642-86820-7
1295:978-0-429-51197-4
1181:978-5-457-76702-7
1108:978-981-283-673-1
1023:on 9 October 2018
455:by three levels.
412:In the annals of
237:Map of the Weihe–
231:
230:
16:(Redirected from
2513:
2060:1950 Assam–Tibet
1964:1879 Wudu, Gansu
1833:
1826:
1819:
1810:
1798:1590 Neulengbach
1788:1586 Lima–Callao
1718:1522 Vila Franca
1437:
1430:
1423:
1414:
1396:
1359:
1357:
1356:
1354:
1333:
1327:
1326:
1306:
1300:
1299:
1279:
1273:
1272:
1256:
1250:
1249:
1247:
1245:
1230:
1224:
1211:
1205:
1192:
1186:
1185:
1165:
1159:
1146:
1140:
1139:
1134:. Archived from
1128:
1122:
1119:
1113:
1112:
1092:
1086:
1073:
1067:
1066:
1038:
1032:
1031:
1030:
1028:
1019:, archived from
980:
974:
973:
971:
962:(3): 1642–1664.
947:
941:
940:
938:
936:
917:
911:
892:
881:
880:
860:
849:
848:
833:
822:
821:
816:
814:
794:
785:
779:
773:
772:
770:
768:
762:
723:
714:
701:
690:
620:Foreign reaction
509:Yangshao culture
387:Huazhou District
341:Tectonic setting
304:Huaxian, Shaanxi
294:
293:
273:
272:
215:
213:
201:
184:
183:
181:
180:
179:
174:
170:
167:
166:
165:
162:
133:
109:Chinese calendar
97:
95:
84:
82:
64:
63:
57:
42:
35:
21:
2521:
2520:
2516:
2515:
2514:
2512:
2511:
2510:
2481:
2480:
2479:
2474:
2436:
2415:
2209:
1973:
1842:
1837:
1807:
1802:
1743:1570 Concepción
1693:1505 Lo Mustang
1681:
1625:
1574:
1528:
1477:
1446:
1441:
1404:
1370:
1367:
1365:Further reading
1362:
1352:
1350:
1337:Cruz, Gaspar da
1335:
1334:
1330:
1323:
1308:
1307:
1303:
1296:
1281:
1280:
1276:
1258:
1257:
1253:
1243:
1241:
1232:
1231:
1227:
1221:Wayback Machine
1212:
1208:
1202:Wayback Machine
1193:
1189:
1182:
1167:
1166:
1162:
1156:Wayback Machine
1147:
1143:
1130:
1129:
1125:
1120:
1116:
1109:
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1089:
1083:Wayback Machine
1074:
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838:"大地震后传染病的防疫要点"
823:
803:中华人民共和国防震减灾法释义
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510:
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363:normal faults
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118:Early morning
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48:
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36:
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19:
2291:2011 Myanmar
2251:2008 Sichuan
2214:21st century
2065:1952 Damxung
2030:1932 Changma
1978:20th century
1874:1556 Shaanxi
1873:
1748:1570 Ferrara
1738:1556 Shaanxi
1737:
1733:1555 Kashmir
1723:1536 Xichang
1713:1522 Almería
1686:16th-century
1637:1420 Caldera
1630:15th-century
1579:14th-century
1560:1275 British
1555:1269 Cilicia
1545:1222 Brescia
1533:13th-century
1482:12th-century
1451:11th-century
1377:
1373:
1351:, retrieved
1345:
1331:
1315:. Springer.
1311:
1304:
1284:
1277:
1264:
1254:
1242:. Retrieved
1238:the original
1228:
1209:
1190:
1170:
1163:
1144:
1136:the original
1126:
1117:
1097:
1090:
1071:
1046:
1042:
1036:
1025:, retrieved
1021:the original
995:(1): 76–92,
992:
988:
978:
959:
955:
945:
933:. Retrieved
924:
915:
894:
877:
874:the original
868:
845:
841:
818:
811:. Retrieved
802:
799:"第三章 地震灾害预防"
777:
765:. Retrieved
729:
725:
637:
623:
603:
584:
528:
497:
489:
462:
442:The scholar
441:
427:
419:
411:
406:
403:Ming dynasty
389:of Weinan),
376:
344:
312:
308:Ming dynasty
296:
286:
275:
265:
257:
249:
247:
209:
193:Ming dynasty
104:
29:
2420:By province
2286:2011 Yunnan
2276:2009 Yunnan
2221:2001 Kunlun
2205:2000 Yunnan
1783:1586 Tenshō
1728:1531 Lisbon
1708:1513 Marash
1703:1511 Idrija
1672:1491 Cyprus
1667:1481 Rhodes
1616:1361 Shōhei
1601:1348 Friuli
1596:1343 Naples
1550:1222 Cyprus
1514:1169 Sicily
1499:1138 Aleppo
1494:1117 Verona
1489:1114 Marash
1473:1088 Tmogvi
1149:Kisti.re.kr
1076:History.com
485:aftershocks
381:was in the
367:half-graben
347:Ordos Block
306:during the
262:regnal year
243:Ordos Block
176: /
164:109°18′00″E
2485:Categories
2231:2003 Dayao
2050:1947 Assam
1847:Historical
1773:1584 Aigle
1611:1356 Basel
1586:1303 Crete
1565:1290 Zhili
1540:1202 Syria
1519:1170 Syria
1504:1139 Ganja
1195:Kepu.ac.cn
1049:: 102969.
896:颤抖的地球—地震科学
678:References
650:Antichrist
644:, and the
614:landslides
581:Death toll
507:contained
422:Hua County
373:Earthquake
220:Casualties
161:34°30′01″N
94:1556-02-02
81:1556-01-23
1677:1498 Meiō
1652:Haowhenua
1509:1157 Hama
1063:210616833
1027:9 October
1017:131962123
805:. 法律出版社.
754:228829854
634:Guangzhou
626:Dominican
383:Wei River
379:epicenter
355:Paleogene
283:epicenter
202:intensity
152:Epicenter
123:Magnitude
1269:Archived
1217:Archived
1198:Archived
1152:Archived
1079:Archived
929:Archived
899:Archived
869:地震知识百问百答
813:4 August
807:Archived
758:Archived
656:See also
587:migrated
575:Shanghai
547:Shandong
444:Qin Keda
323:migrated
315:yaodongs
279:Dàdìzhèn
208:MMI XI (
126:7.0–7.5
2427:Sichuan
1382:Bibcode
1343:(ed.),
1244:16 June
997:Bibcode
935:8 April
767:27 June
734:Bibcode
606:yaodong
571:Chengdu
567:Beijing
559:Jiangsu
505:terrace
467:on the
459:Geology
401:of the
359:Neogene
298:Huàxiàn
285:as the
277:Jiājìng
264:as the
210:Extreme
147:Unknown
139:
135:, 8.0 M
107:era in
105:Jiajing
92: (
79: (
2432:Yunnan
1353:5 June
1319:
1292:
1178:
1105:
1061:
1015:
842:华北国防医药
752:
732:(12).
696:
628:friar
591:famine
531:Shanxi
433:steles
395:Huayin
391:Weinan
327:famine
300:Dìzhèn
258:Shensi
1059:S2CID
1013:S2CID
844:(3).
761:(PDF)
750:S2CID
722:(PDF)
563:Anhui
555:Hunan
551:Hubei
543:Hebei
539:Gansu
535:Henan
501:Xi'an
453:Xi'an
414:China
319:loess
271:嘉靖大地震
144:Depth
1355:2011
1317:ISBN
1290:ISBN
1246:2008
1176:ISBN
1103:ISBN
1029:2018
937:2023
815:2023
769:2022
694:ISBN
642:sins
573:and
561:and
393:and
377:The
292:华县地震
248:The
200:Max.
1390:doi
1051:doi
1047:200
1005:doi
964:doi
960:203
742:doi
730:125
652:).
451:in
295:" (
274:" (
98:in
85:in
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1388:,
1378:20
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1003:,
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987:,
958:.
954:.
927:.
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885:^
853:^
840:.
826:^
817:.
801:.
789:^
756:.
748:.
740:.
728:.
724:.
705:^
700:.
685:^
601:.
569:,
557:,
553:,
549:,
545:,
541:,
537:,
533:,
409:.
337:.
310:.
256::
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1825:t
1818:v
1436:e
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