282:, the illusion of motion is created by the apparent sudden replacement of each image by the next in the series. Unlike those other inventions, no view-interrupting shutter or assembly of mirrors is required and no viewing device other than the user's hand is absolutely necessary. Early film animators cited flip books as their inspiration more often than the earlier devices, which did not reach as wide an audience.
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with relatively springy pages, each having one in a series of animation images located near its unbound edge. The user bends all of the pages back, normally with the thumb. Then by a gradual motion of the hand, the user allows them to spring free one at a time. As with the
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was thus seen in the centre and appeared much more sharp and steady than in the original zoetrope. Maxwell drew several strips that mostly demonstrated subjects relating to
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Who's who in
Animated Cartoons: An International Guide to Film & Television's Award-winning and Legendary Animators
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232:'s vortex rings threading through each other. An article about the "Zootrope perfectionné" was published in the French
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first read Lutz's book at the age of 19. The book was one of the primary animation guides used by Disney's
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Animated
Cartoons - How they are made, their origin and development
306:, German-American political cartoonist, comic artist and animator (
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Chronological Index of
Patents Applied for and Patents Granted
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about art and drawing techniques, (wrote the training manual
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in 1869, but
Maxwell never marketed his animation device.
675:. Deerfield Beach, Fla.: Health Communications. p.
454:"Le Cosmos; revue des sciences et de leurs applications"
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The
Scientific Letters and Papers of James Clerk Maxwell
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constructed. Instead of slits, his version used concave
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photographs, some of which have been bequeathed to the
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470:The Advertising Age Encyclopedia of Advertising
537:https://www.lambiek.net/artists/m/mayer_hy.htm
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646:The animated man : a life of Walt Disney
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754:Before Mickey: The Animated Film 1898–1928
456:. April 10, 1869 – via Google Books.
756:. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
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669:Denney, Pat Williams with Jim (2004).
467:McDonough, John; Egolf, Karen (2015).
265:to his device. A flip book is a small
426:Maxwell, James Clerk (May 18, 1995).
7:
597:Michael Sporn Animation, Inc. Splog
617:Sedelmaier, J.J. (26 March 2012).
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204:with a focal length equaling the
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367:, throughout the 1920s), (d.
343:, and non-fiction writer of
402:State Library of Queensland
1924:
644:Barrier, Michael (2008).
473:. Routledge. p. 81.
442:– via Google Books.
752:Crafton, Donald (1993).
554:The Jewish Encyclopedia
567:Lenburg, Jeff (2006)
365:Kansas City, Missouri
184:Specific date unknown
573:. Hal Leonard Corp .
361:Laugh-O-Grams studio
355:; aspiring animator
308:The Travels of Teddy
701:"Driver, Ada Annie"
672:How to be like Walt
392:, (created her own
261:. He gave the name
253:received the first
251:John Barnes Linnett
194:James Clerk Maxwell
805:Years in animation
335:, German-American
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23:Years in animation
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333:Edwin George Lutz
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525:Crafton 1993
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398:stereoscopic
390:photographer
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76:19th century
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629:22 February
602:22 February
396:slides and
382:November 12
357:Walt Disney
341:illustrator
220:, like the
734:2024-03-09
710:2024-03-09
413:References
386:Ada Driver
337:cartoonist
278:, and the
263:kineograph
244:Birmingham
228:string or
222:vibrations
170:Events in
581:. p. 227.
329:August 26
259:flip book
237:Le Cosmos
230:Helmholtz
191:physicist
64:Centuries
1902:Category
729:Photoria
376:November
363:team in
304:Hy Mayer
276:zoetrope
257:for the
210:cylinder
206:diameter
198:zoetrope
746:Sources
404:), (d.
314:), (d.
310:, with
300:July 18
248:printer
246:-based
218:physics
208:of the
89:Decades
760:
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593:"Lutz"
577:
510:2 July
486:2 July
477:
436:
323:August
289:Births
274:, the
255:patent
212:. The
202:lenses
178:Events
161:
157:
153:
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120:
116:
112:
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1854:2020s
1791:2010s
1728:2000s
1665:1990s
1602:1980s
1539:1970s
1476:1960s
1413:1950s
1350:1940s
1287:1930s
1224:1920s
1161:1910s
1098:1900s
1035:1890s
972:1880s
909:1870s
846:1860s
813:1850s
623:Print
224:of a
130:Years
122:1890s
118:1880s
114:1870s
109:1860s
104:1850s
100:1840s
96:1830s
1887:2025
1882:2024
1877:2023
1872:2022
1867:2021
1862:2020
1844:2019
1839:2018
1834:2017
1829:2016
1824:2015
1819:2014
1814:2013
1809:2012
1804:2011
1799:2010
1781:2009
1776:2008
1771:2007
1766:2006
1761:2005
1756:2004
1751:2003
1746:2002
1741:2001
1736:2000
1718:1999
1713:1998
1708:1997
1703:1996
1698:1995
1693:1994
1688:1993
1683:1992
1678:1991
1673:1990
1655:1989
1650:1988
1645:1987
1640:1986
1635:1985
1630:1984
1625:1983
1620:1982
1615:1981
1610:1980
1592:1979
1587:1978
1582:1977
1577:1976
1572:1975
1567:1974
1562:1973
1557:1972
1552:1971
1547:1970
1529:1969
1524:1968
1519:1967
1514:1966
1509:1965
1504:1964
1499:1963
1494:1962
1489:1961
1484:1960
1466:1959
1461:1958
1456:1957
1451:1956
1446:1955
1441:1954
1436:1953
1431:1952
1426:1951
1421:1950
1403:1949
1398:1948
1393:1947
1388:1946
1383:1945
1378:1944
1373:1943
1368:1942
1363:1941
1358:1940
1340:1939
1335:1938
1330:1937
1325:1936
1320:1935
1315:1934
1310:1933
1305:1932
1300:1931
1295:1930
1277:1929
1272:1928
1267:1927
1262:1926
1257:1925
1252:1924
1247:1923
1242:1922
1237:1921
1232:1920
1214:1919
1209:1918
1204:1917
1199:1916
1194:1915
1189:1914
1184:1913
1179:1912
1174:1911
1169:1910
1151:1909
1146:1908
1141:1907
1136:1906
1131:1905
1126:1904
1121:1903
1116:1902
1111:1901
1106:1900
1088:1899
1083:1898
1078:1897
1073:1896
1068:1895
1063:1894
1058:1893
1053:1892
1048:1891
1043:1890
1025:1889
1020:1888
1015:1887
1010:1886
1005:1885
1000:1884
995:1883
990:1882
985:1881
980:1880
962:1879
957:1878
952:1877
947:1876
942:1875
937:1874
932:1873
927:1872
922:1871
917:1870
899:1869
894:1868
889:1867
884:1866
879:1865
874:1864
869:1863
864:1862
859:1861
854:1860
836:1859
831:1858
826:1857
821:1856
758:ISBN
681:ISBN
650:ISBN
631:2018
604:2018
575:ISBN
512:2018
488:2018
475:ISBN
434:ISBN
406:1954
369:1951
316:1954
294:July
267:book
226:harp
163:1871
159:1870
155:1869
150:1868
145:1867
141:1866
137:1865
56:1871
52:1870
48:1869
43:1868
38:1867
34:1866
30:1865
705:AWR
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