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holder with a handle and a brass pin that would semi-rotate the card when it was twirled, using a bit of iron to prevent full rotation. Transparent or cut-out variations were suggested for use with the
246:
slide. A first version, patented in 1869, had a glass disc with eight phases of a movement and a counter-rotating glass shutter disc with eight apertures. The discs depicted
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theory, which was commonly used to explain apparent motion in film and animation; claimed to have invented an early version of the animation device
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273:. Over the following decades, several halftone printing and color photography processes inspired the use of line screens for
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198:. It had a card with pictures "painted in two different positions on both sides". This card was placed in the two-part
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Explanation of an optical deception in the appearance of the spokes of a wheel when seen through vertical apertures
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547:"Useful Registered Design Number: 5074. Proprietor: Richard Pilkington. Address: West... | The National Archives"
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series; sold to Walt Disney the Powers
Cinephone which enabed Disney to produce sound cartoons, such as
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419:, Irish-born American film and animation producer and distributor (served as the first distributor of
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702:
669:"Milestones in the history of thematic cartography, statistical graphics, and data visualization"
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1177:"Bridgewater treatises on the power, wisdom, and goodness of God, as manifested in the creation"
561:"The Popular educator: A complete encyclopaedia of elementary, advanced and technical education"
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847:"familysearch.org - Hungary - Pest - Jewish birth registers - Siegmund Salzmann - 1869. Sep 6"
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262:, and other subjects. Ross introduced an improved version of his animation device in 1871.
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motion; a star-wheel and pin being used for intermittent motion, and a two-sector shutter.
217:
1128:
Anderson, John; Anderson, Barbara (1993). "The Myth of
Persistence of Vision Revisited".
560:
216:
An "Optical
Instrument" was patented in the United States in 1869 by O.B. Brown, using a
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921:"Bambi: cute, lovable, vulnerable ... or a dark parable of antisemitic terror?"
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Dwyer, Tessa; Perkins, Claire; Redmond, Sean; Sita, Jodi (25 January 2018).
1092:
574:
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190:
Richard
Pilkington received "Useful Registered Design Number 5074" for his
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suggested the use of colored line sheets for the photographic printing of
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868:"Is 'Bambi' about Jewish persecution, Zionism or something else?"
683:"Images and reversals: James Clerk Maxwell, working in wet clay"
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to it, and had his novel adapted into the animated feature film
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345:, which is credited as the first British animated film), (d.
745:"The Minard Map - "The best statistical graphic ever drawn""
980:
Hollywood
Cartoons: American Animation in Its Golden Age
946:"U.S. 9th Circuit Court of Appeals Twin Books v Disney"
1152:
Seeing into
Screens: Eye Tracking and the Moving Image
898:. Riverside (Ca.): Ariadne Press. pp. 111–114.
220:-like disc with a technique very close to the later
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17:
977:Barrier, J. Michael (2003). "Disney, 1938–1941".
277:images. The developments led to the emergence of
1010:Walt Disney's Mickey Mouse: The Ultimate History
335:and film pioneer (pioneer in the production of
1205:
8:
443:; produced the silent animated film series
1212:
1198:
1190:
822:Before Mickey: The Animated Film 1898-1928
617:"Ross 'Wheel of Life' magic lantern slide"
194:. This was a variation of the optical toy
1034:"Ub Iwerks - The Forgotten Man of Disney"
516:, is often regarded as the origin of the
1008:Kaufman, J.B.; Gerstein, David (2018).
538:
279:barrier-grid animation and stereography
644:. Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG.
641:3D and Animated Lenticular Photography
1061:The Encyclopedia of Animated Cartoons
7:
919:Ferguson, Donna (25 December 2021).
1064:. Checkmark Books. pp. 28–29.
339:, directed the animated short film
447:, which was similar in premise to
231:Thomas Ross developed a small and
14:
958:from the original on 19 June 2009
378:political activist (authored the
242:, which fitted inside a standard
1012:. Cologne: Taschen. p. 53.
524:which was supposedly older than
896:Felix Salten: Man of Many Faces
825:. University of Chicago Press.
681:Thomas G.West (February 1999).
894:Eddy, Beverley Driver (2010).
819:Crafton, Donald (April 2015).
743:Jacobs, Frank (23 July 2010).
687:ACM SIGGRAPH Computer Graphics
619:. London: Science Museum Group
592:"Projection Phenakistoscope 1"
1:
1155:. Bloomsbury Publishing USA.
800:Who's Who of Victorian Cinema
299:. It was an early example of
528:'s version), dies at age 90.
267:Louis Arthur Ducos du Hauron
366:, Austro-Hungarian writer,
2340:
439:) of the animation studio
385:Bambi, a Life in the Woods
297:Napoleon's March on Moscow
1131:Journal of Film and Video
987:. pp. 236, 244–245.
866:Grisar, PJ (2022-01-28).
771:"Booth, W.R. (1869-1938)"
638:Timby, Kim (2015-07-31).
1093:"The Uncle Walt Podcast"
596:www.stephenherbert.co.uk
301:scientific visualization
985:Oxford University Press
1097:The Uncle Walt Podcast
1058:Lenburg, Jeff (1999).
720:Tufte, Edward (2006).
576:U.S. Patent No. 93,594
342:The Hand of the Artist
796:"Walter Robert Booth"
699:10.1145/563666.563671
518:persistence of vision
289:Charles Joseph Minard
211:Specific date unknown
258:'s ladder, a bottle
730:2006beev.book.....T
435:, co-founder (with
1221:Years in animation
1116:The New York Times
724:. Graphics Press.
722:Beautiful Evidence
590:Herbert, Stephen.
512:, a 1824 paper on
502:natural theologian
79: ·
73: ·
23:Years in animation
2324:1869 in animation
2311:
2310:
1118:, August 1, 1948.
1019:978-3-8365-5284-4
905:978-1-57241-169-2
775:BFI Screenonlinee
579:. 10 August 1869.
514:optical illusions
305:computer graphics
271:color photographs
172:1869 in animation
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954:. 20 May 1996.
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