219:
speech in his own voice and tone. Not only this, but the life size photograph itself shall move and gesticulate precisely as he did when making the speech, the words and gestures corresponding as in real life." A Dr. Phipson repeated this idea in a French photography magazine, but renamed the device
246:
circuit. For a session on 15 June 1878, the press and a selection of turf men were invited to witness the process. An accident with a snapping strap was captured on the negatives and shown to the attendees, convincing even the most sceptical witnesses. The news of this success was reported
214:
that he would advance that conception: "By combining the phonograph with the kinesigraph I will undertake not only to produce a talking picture of Mr. Gladstone which, with motionless lips and unchanged expression shall positively recite his latest
204:
of people on screens in full view of an audience. Add the talking phonograph to counterfeit their voices and it would be difficult to carry the illusion of real presence much further".
220:"Kinétiscope" to reflect the viewing purpose rather than the recording option. This was picked up in the United States and discussed in an interview with Edison later in the year.
370:
510:
902:
719:
277:
was among the publications at the time that carried reports and engravings of
Muybridge's groundbreaking images. Six different series were soon published as
351:
656:
88:
63:
623:
694:
436:
307:. He started production on the device and was able to quit his teaching job after its financial success. The device was initially offered at
242:). The shutters were automatically triggered when the wheel of a cart or the breast or legs of a horse tripped wires connected to an
895:
235:
817:
452:
300:
264:
1960:
1897:
1834:
1771:
1708:
1645:
1582:
1519:
1456:
1393:
1330:
1267:
1204:
1141:
1078:
1015:
952:
919:
888:
375:
267:
on 8 July 1878. Newspapers were not yet able to reproduce detailed photographs, so the images were widely printed as
426:
2014:
911:
22:
761:
255:
707:
325:
by several people (including
Muybridge himself) and were also published as strips for the zoetrope in the 1880s.
840:
809:
664:
296:
494:
201:
205:
799:
514:
1993:
724:
873:
737:
283:
273:
239:
230:
created sequential series of photographs, now with a battery of 12 cameras along the race track at
196:
564:
852:
227:
624:"MISS YOUNG, ACTOR'S BRIDE.; Banker George W. Young's Daughter and Roy Atwell Wed in Greenwich"
1988:
1983:
1978:
1973:
1968:
1950:
1945:
1940:
1935:
1930:
1925:
1920:
1915:
1910:
1905:
1887:
1882:
1877:
1872:
1867:
1862:
1857:
1852:
1847:
1842:
1824:
1819:
1814:
1809:
1804:
1799:
1794:
1789:
1784:
1779:
1761:
1756:
1751:
1746:
1741:
1736:
1731:
1726:
1721:
1716:
1698:
1693:
1688:
1683:
1678:
1673:
1668:
1663:
1658:
1653:
1635:
1630:
1625:
1620:
1615:
1610:
1605:
1600:
1595:
1590:
1572:
1567:
1562:
1557:
1552:
1547:
1542:
1537:
1532:
1527:
1509:
1504:
1499:
1494:
1489:
1484:
1479:
1474:
1469:
1464:
1446:
1441:
1436:
1431:
1426:
1421:
1416:
1411:
1406:
1401:
1383:
1378:
1373:
1368:
1363:
1358:
1353:
1348:
1343:
1338:
1320:
1315:
1310:
1305:
1300:
1295:
1290:
1285:
1280:
1275:
1257:
1252:
1247:
1242:
1237:
1232:
1227:
1222:
1217:
1212:
1194:
1189:
1184:
1179:
1174:
1169:
1164:
1159:
1154:
1149:
1131:
1126:
1121:
1116:
1111:
1106:
1101:
1096:
1091:
1086:
1068:
1058:
1053:
1048:
1043:
1038:
1033:
1028:
1023:
1005:
1000:
995:
990:
985:
980:
975:
970:
965:
960:
942:
937:
932:
927:
813:
631:
432:
318:
314:
55:
51:
47:
37:
33:
29:
537:
844:
571:, 7 October 2000 – 15 March 2001, National Museum of American History, accessed 9 April 2012
308:
210:
243:
231:
408:
866:
803:
121:
2008:
366:
260:
191:
129:
605:
756:
304:
278:
216:
80:
75:
70:
402:
200:
concluded "It is already possible, by ingenious optical contrivances, to throw
346:
187:
708:
https://www.newspapers.com/image/392150929/?terms=Taylor%20holmes&match=1
635:
468:
322:
856:
828:
268:
751:
880:
428:
Industry, Liberty, and a Vision: Wordsworth
Donisthorpe's Kinesigraph
848:
117:
113:
108:
103:
99:
95:
321:
pictures in 1878. These sequential pictures were soon mounted in
380:
356:
162:
158:
154:
149:
144:
140:
136:
884:
349:, American actor, comedian, and composer (voice of Doc in
569:
Freeze Frame: Eadward
Muybridge's Photography of Motion
263:-projected slides of the sequential photographs at the
1959:
1896:
1833:
1770:
1707:
1644:
1581:
1518:
1455:
1392:
1329:
1266:
1203:
1140:
1077:
1014:
951:
918:
17:
865:
829:"Emile Reynaud: First Motion Picture Cartoonist"
805:Cartoons: One hundred years of cinema animation
720:"Famous Voices Bring Life to 'Sleeping Beauty'"
896:
8:
208:announced in the 24 January 1878 edition of
299:received an honourable mention at the 1878
903:
889:
881:
606:"COMPLEAT EADWEARD MUYBRIDGE - ZOETROPES"
469:"Photographing a Racehorse at Full Speed"
580:
560:
558:
473:Argus (Melbourne, Vic. : 1848–1957)
259:reported that Muybridge first exhibited
393:
782:
592:
407:. Macmillan Journals Limited. p.
7:
657:"The Seven Dwarfs Character History"
186:: Following the introduction of the
14:
868:Walt Disney, the Art of Animation
764:from the original on July 6, 2022
536:Mitchell Leslie (May–June 2001).
513:. Vol. XXX, no. 10315.
194:in November 1877, an article in
691:Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs
352:Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs
695:Buena Vista Home Entertainment
1:
265:San Francisco Art Association
565:"Capturing the Moment", p. 2
457:. Dewey & Company. 1878.
401:Lockyer, Sir Norman (1878).
369:, American actor, (voice of
475:. 7 October 1878. p. 6
2031:
728:. March 1, 1959. p. 7
538:"The Man Who Stopped Time"
496:La Nature: science progrès
511:"Muybridge's Photographs"
499:(in French). Dunod. 1878.
425:Herbert, Stephen (1998).
256:The Daily Alta California
841:Indiana University Press
810:Indiana University Press
610:www.stephenherbert.co.uk
517:. 9 July 1878. p. 1
202:stereoscopic photographs
827:Myrent, Glenn (1989).
800:Bendazzi, Giannalberto
693:Platinum Edition DVD:
431:. The Projection Box.
301:Exposition Universelle
206:Wordsworth Donisthorpe
515:Daily Alta California
297:Charles-Émile Reynaud
291:Specific date unknown
874:Simon & Schuster
864:Thomas, Bob (1958).
725:The Pittsburgh Press
689:(Documentary film).
317:published his first
236:Palo Alto Stock Farm
738:Google News Archive
454:Pacific Rural Press
284:The Horse in Motion
274:Scientific American
240:Stanford University
238:(now the campus of
197:Scientific American
912:Years in animation
628:The New York Times
595:, p. 192-193.
228:Eadweard Muybridge
79: ·
73: ·
23:Years in animation
2015:1878 in animation
2002:
2001:
667:on August 1, 2003
542:Stanford Magazine
438:978-0-9523941-3-6
319:chronophotography
315:Eadward Muybridge
172:1878 in animation
168:
167:
2022:
905:
898:
891:
882:
877:
871:
860:
823:
786:
780:
774:
773:
771:
769:
748:
742:
741:
735:
733:
716:
710:
705:
699:
698:
683:
677:
676:
674:
672:
663:. Archived from
652:
646:
645:
643:
642:
620:
614:
613:
602:
596:
590:
584:
578:
572:
562:
553:
552:
550:
548:
533:
527:
526:
524:
522:
507:
501:
500:
491:
485:
484:
482:
480:
465:
459:
458:
449:
443:
442:
422:
416:
415:
398:
226:: In June 1878,
18:
2030:
2029:
2025:
2024:
2023:
2021:
2020:
2019:
2005:
2004:
2003:
1998:
1955:
1892:
1829:
1766:
1703:
1640:
1577:
1514:
1451:
1388:
1325:
1262:
1199:
1136:
1073:
1010:
947:
914:
909:
863:
849:10.2307/3814977
826:
820:
798:
795:
790:
789:
781:
777:
767:
765:
750:
749:
745:
731:
729:
718:
717:
713:
706:
702:
685:
684:
680:
670:
668:
661:Disney Archives
654:
653:
649:
640:
638:
622:
621:
617:
604:
603:
599:
591:
587:
579:
575:
563:
556:
546:
544:
535:
534:
530:
520:
518:
509:
508:
504:
493:
492:
488:
478:
476:
467:
466:
462:
451:
450:
446:
439:
424:
423:
419:
400:
399:
395:
390:
376:Sleeping Beauty
339:
334:
244:electromagnetic
232:Leland Stanford
180:
12:
11:
5:
2028:
2026:
2018:
2017:
2007:
2006:
2000:
1999:
1997:
1996:
1991:
1986:
1981:
1976:
1971:
1965:
1963:
1957:
1956:
1954:
1953:
1948:
1943:
1938:
1933:
1928:
1923:
1918:
1913:
1908:
1902:
1900:
1894:
1893:
1891:
1890:
1885:
1880:
1875:
1870:
1865:
1860:
1855:
1850:
1845:
1839:
1837:
1831:
1830:
1828:
1827:
1822:
1817:
1812:
1807:
1802:
1797:
1792:
1787:
1782:
1776:
1774:
1768:
1767:
1765:
1764:
1759:
1754:
1749:
1744:
1739:
1734:
1729:
1724:
1719:
1713:
1711:
1705:
1704:
1702:
1701:
1696:
1691:
1686:
1681:
1676:
1671:
1666:
1661:
1656:
1650:
1648:
1642:
1641:
1639:
1638:
1633:
1628:
1623:
1618:
1613:
1608:
1603:
1598:
1593:
1587:
1585:
1579:
1578:
1576:
1575:
1570:
1565:
1560:
1555:
1550:
1545:
1540:
1535:
1530:
1524:
1522:
1516:
1515:
1513:
1512:
1507:
1502:
1497:
1492:
1487:
1482:
1477:
1472:
1467:
1461:
1459:
1453:
1452:
1450:
1449:
1444:
1439:
1434:
1429:
1424:
1419:
1414:
1409:
1404:
1398:
1396:
1390:
1389:
1387:
1386:
1381:
1376:
1371:
1366:
1361:
1356:
1351:
1346:
1341:
1335:
1333:
1327:
1326:
1324:
1323:
1318:
1313:
1308:
1303:
1298:
1293:
1288:
1283:
1278:
1272:
1270:
1264:
1263:
1261:
1260:
1255:
1250:
1245:
1240:
1235:
1230:
1225:
1220:
1215:
1209:
1207:
1201:
1200:
1198:
1197:
1192:
1187:
1182:
1177:
1172:
1167:
1162:
1157:
1152:
1146:
1144:
1138:
1137:
1135:
1134:
1129:
1124:
1119:
1114:
1109:
1104:
1099:
1094:
1089:
1083:
1081:
1075:
1074:
1072:
1071:
1066:
1061:
1056:
1051:
1046:
1041:
1036:
1031:
1026:
1020:
1018:
1012:
1011:
1009:
1008:
1003:
998:
993:
988:
983:
978:
973:
968:
963:
957:
955:
949:
948:
946:
945:
940:
935:
930:
924:
922:
916:
915:
910:
908:
907:
900:
893:
885:
879:
878:
861:
824:
818:
794:
791:
788:
787:
775:
743:
711:
700:
678:
647:
630:. 1913-02-22.
615:
597:
585:
573:
554:
528:
502:
486:
460:
444:
437:
417:
392:
391:
389:
386:
385:
384:
360:
338:
335:
333:
330:
329:
328:
327:
326:
312:
288:
248:
221:
179:
176:
166:
165:
134:
125:
124:
93:
84:
83:
68:
59:
58:
27:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2027:
2016:
2013:
2012:
2010:
1995:
1992:
1990:
1987:
1985:
1982:
1980:
1977:
1975:
1972:
1970:
1967:
1966:
1964:
1962:
1958:
1952:
1949:
1947:
1944:
1942:
1939:
1937:
1934:
1932:
1929:
1927:
1924:
1922:
1919:
1917:
1914:
1912:
1909:
1907:
1904:
1903:
1901:
1899:
1895:
1889:
1886:
1884:
1881:
1879:
1876:
1874:
1871:
1869:
1866:
1864:
1861:
1859:
1856:
1854:
1851:
1849:
1846:
1844:
1841:
1840:
1838:
1836:
1832:
1826:
1823:
1821:
1818:
1816:
1813:
1811:
1808:
1806:
1803:
1801:
1798:
1796:
1793:
1791:
1788:
1786:
1783:
1781:
1778:
1777:
1775:
1773:
1769:
1763:
1760:
1758:
1755:
1753:
1750:
1748:
1745:
1743:
1740:
1738:
1735:
1733:
1730:
1728:
1725:
1723:
1720:
1718:
1715:
1714:
1712:
1710:
1706:
1700:
1697:
1695:
1692:
1690:
1687:
1685:
1682:
1680:
1677:
1675:
1672:
1670:
1667:
1665:
1662:
1660:
1657:
1655:
1652:
1651:
1649:
1647:
1643:
1637:
1634:
1632:
1629:
1627:
1624:
1622:
1619:
1617:
1614:
1612:
1609:
1607:
1604:
1602:
1599:
1597:
1594:
1592:
1589:
1588:
1586:
1584:
1580:
1574:
1571:
1569:
1566:
1564:
1561:
1559:
1556:
1554:
1551:
1549:
1546:
1544:
1541:
1539:
1536:
1534:
1531:
1529:
1526:
1525:
1523:
1521:
1517:
1511:
1508:
1506:
1503:
1501:
1498:
1496:
1493:
1491:
1488:
1486:
1483:
1481:
1478:
1476:
1473:
1471:
1468:
1466:
1463:
1462:
1460:
1458:
1454:
1448:
1445:
1443:
1440:
1438:
1435:
1433:
1430:
1428:
1425:
1423:
1420:
1418:
1415:
1413:
1410:
1408:
1405:
1403:
1400:
1399:
1397:
1395:
1391:
1385:
1382:
1380:
1377:
1375:
1372:
1370:
1367:
1365:
1362:
1360:
1357:
1355:
1352:
1350:
1347:
1345:
1342:
1340:
1337:
1336:
1334:
1332:
1328:
1322:
1319:
1317:
1314:
1312:
1309:
1307:
1304:
1302:
1299:
1297:
1294:
1292:
1289:
1287:
1284:
1282:
1279:
1277:
1274:
1273:
1271:
1269:
1265:
1259:
1256:
1254:
1251:
1249:
1246:
1244:
1241:
1239:
1236:
1234:
1231:
1229:
1226:
1224:
1221:
1219:
1216:
1214:
1211:
1210:
1208:
1206:
1202:
1196:
1193:
1191:
1188:
1186:
1183:
1181:
1178:
1176:
1173:
1171:
1168:
1166:
1163:
1161:
1158:
1156:
1153:
1151:
1148:
1147:
1145:
1143:
1139:
1133:
1130:
1128:
1125:
1123:
1120:
1118:
1115:
1113:
1110:
1108:
1105:
1103:
1100:
1098:
1095:
1093:
1090:
1088:
1085:
1084:
1082:
1080:
1076:
1070:
1067:
1065:
1062:
1060:
1057:
1055:
1052:
1050:
1047:
1045:
1042:
1040:
1037:
1035:
1032:
1030:
1027:
1025:
1022:
1021:
1019:
1017:
1013:
1007:
1004:
1002:
999:
997:
994:
992:
989:
987:
984:
982:
979:
977:
974:
972:
969:
967:
964:
962:
959:
958:
956:
954:
950:
944:
941:
939:
936:
934:
931:
929:
926:
925:
923:
921:
917:
913:
906:
901:
899:
894:
892:
887:
886:
883:
875:
870:
869:
862:
858:
854:
850:
846:
842:
838:
834:
830:
825:
821:
815:
811:
807:
806:
801:
797:
796:
792:
785:, p. 98.
784:
779:
776:
763:
759:
758:
753:
752:"King Stefan"
747:
744:
739:
727:
726:
721:
715:
712:
709:
704:
701:
696:
692:
688:
682:
679:
666:
662:
658:
655:Smith, Dave.
651:
648:
637:
633:
629:
625:
619:
616:
611:
607:
601:
598:
594:
589:
586:
582:
581:Bendazzi 1994
577:
574:
570:
566:
561:
559:
555:
543:
539:
532:
529:
516:
512:
506:
503:
498:
497:
490:
487:
474:
470:
464:
461:
456:
455:
448:
445:
440:
434:
430:
429:
421:
418:
414:
410:
406:
405:
397:
394:
387:
382:
378:
377:
372:
368:
367:Taylor Holmes
364:
361:
358:
354:
353:
348:
344:
341:
340:
336:
331:
324:
320:
316:
313:
310:
309:Le Bon Marché
306:
302:
298:
295:
294:
292:
289:
286:
285:
280:
279:cabinet cards
276:
275:
270:
266:
262:
261:magic lantern
258:
257:
252:
249:
245:
241:
237:
233:
229:
225:
222:
218:
213:
212:
207:
203:
199:
198:
193:
192:Thomas Edison
189:
185:
182:
181:
177:
175:
173:
164:
160:
156:
152:
151:
146:
142:
138:
135:
133:
131:
127:
126:
123:
119:
115:
111:
110:
105:
101:
97:
94:
92:
90:
86:
85:
82:
78:
77:
72:
69:
67:
65:
61:
60:
57:
53:
49:
45:
44:
39:
35:
31:
28:
26:
24:
20:
19:
16:
1063:
867:
836:
833:Film History
832:
804:
778:
766:. Retrieved
755:
746:
736:– via
730:. Retrieved
723:
714:
703:
690:
687:Voice Talent
686:
681:
669:. Retrieved
665:the original
660:
650:
639:. Retrieved
627:
618:
609:
600:
588:
583:, p. 4.
576:
568:
545:. Retrieved
541:
531:
519:. Retrieved
505:
495:
489:
477:. Retrieved
472:
463:
453:
447:
427:
420:
413:kinesigraph.
412:
403:
396:
374:
362:
350:
342:
305:praxinoscope
290:
282:
272:
271:engravings.
254:
250:
223:
217:anti-Turkish
209:
195:
183:
171:
169:
148:
128:
107:
87:
81:20th century
76:19th century
74:
71:18th century
62:
42:
41:
21:
15:
843:: 191–202.
783:Thomas 1958
593:Myrent 1989
479:17 December
371:King Stefan
281:, entitled
819:0253209374
641:2023-02-05
388:References
347:Roy Atwell
247:worldwide.
188:phonograph
184:January 24
170:Events in
768:August 5,
732:August 5,
671:March 21,
636:0362-4331
323:zoetropes
64:Centuries
2009:Category
802:(1994).
762:Archived
303:for his
857:3814977
793:Sources
697:. 2001.
521:26 July
379:), (d.
355:), (d.
311:stores.
269:woodcut
89:Decades
855:
816:
634:
547:28 May
435:
404:Nature
363:May 16
332:Births
251:July 8
211:Nature
178:Events
161:
157:
153:
147:
143:
139:
120:
116:
112:
106:
102:
98:
54:
50:
46:
40:
36:
32:
1961:2020s
1898:2010s
1835:2000s
1772:1990s
1709:1980s
1646:1970s
1583:1960s
1520:1950s
1457:1940s
1394:1930s
1331:1920s
1268:1910s
1205:1900s
1142:1890s
1079:1880s
1016:1870s
953:1860s
920:1850s
853:JSTOR
839:(3).
343:May 2
130:Years
122:1900s
118:1890s
114:1880s
109:1870s
104:1860s
100:1850s
96:1840s
1994:2025
1989:2024
1984:2023
1979:2022
1974:2021
1969:2020
1951:2019
1946:2018
1941:2017
1936:2016
1931:2015
1926:2014
1921:2013
1916:2012
1911:2011
1906:2010
1888:2009
1883:2008
1878:2007
1873:2006
1868:2005
1863:2004
1858:2003
1853:2002
1848:2001
1843:2000
1825:1999
1820:1998
1815:1997
1810:1996
1805:1995
1800:1994
1795:1993
1790:1992
1785:1991
1780:1990
1762:1989
1757:1988
1752:1987
1747:1986
1742:1985
1737:1984
1732:1983
1727:1982
1722:1981
1717:1980
1699:1979
1694:1978
1689:1977
1684:1976
1679:1975
1674:1974
1669:1973
1664:1972
1659:1971
1654:1970
1636:1969
1631:1968
1626:1967
1621:1966
1616:1965
1611:1964
1606:1963
1601:1962
1596:1961
1591:1960
1573:1959
1568:1958
1563:1957
1558:1956
1553:1955
1548:1954
1543:1953
1538:1952
1533:1951
1528:1950
1510:1949
1505:1948
1500:1947
1495:1946
1490:1945
1485:1944
1480:1943
1475:1942
1470:1941
1465:1940
1447:1939
1442:1938
1437:1937
1432:1936
1427:1935
1422:1934
1417:1933
1412:1932
1407:1931
1402:1930
1384:1929
1379:1928
1374:1927
1369:1926
1364:1925
1359:1924
1354:1923
1349:1922
1344:1921
1339:1920
1321:1919
1316:1918
1311:1917
1306:1916
1301:1915
1296:1914
1291:1913
1286:1912
1281:1911
1276:1910
1258:1909
1253:1908
1248:1907
1243:1906
1238:1905
1233:1904
1228:1903
1223:1902
1218:1901
1213:1900
1195:1899
1190:1898
1185:1897
1180:1896
1175:1895
1170:1894
1165:1893
1160:1892
1155:1891
1150:1890
1132:1889
1127:1888
1122:1887
1117:1886
1112:1885
1107:1884
1102:1883
1097:1882
1092:1881
1087:1880
1069:1879
1064:1878
1059:1877
1054:1876
1049:1875
1044:1874
1039:1873
1034:1872
1029:1871
1024:1870
1006:1869
1001:1868
996:1867
991:1866
986:1865
981:1864
976:1863
971:1862
966:1861
961:1860
943:1859
938:1858
933:1857
928:1856
814:ISBN
770:2023
734:2023
673:2023
632:ISSN
549:2019
523:2018
481:2020
433:ISBN
381:1959
357:1962
224:June
163:1881
159:1880
155:1879
150:1878
145:1877
141:1876
137:1875
56:1881
52:1880
48:1879
43:1878
38:1877
34:1876
30:1875
845:doi
757:D23
409:242
373:in
337:May
234:'s
190:by
2011::
872:.
851:.
835:.
831:.
812:.
808:.
760:.
754:.
722:.
659:.
626:.
608:.
567:,
557:^
540:.
471:.
411:.
383:).
365::
359:).
345::
293::
253::
174:.
904:e
897:t
890:v
876:.
859:.
847::
837:3
822:.
772:.
740:.
675:.
644:.
612:.
551:.
525:.
483:.
441:.
287:.
132::
91::
66::
25::
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.