258:
in 1853). The first discs were painted on the glass in dark contours. Discs made between 1892 and 1894 had outlines drawn by Erwin Faber photographically printed on the disc and then colored by hand, but these discs were probably never used in
Muybridge's
254:. Muybridge did project moving images from his photographs with his Zoopraxiscope, from 1880 to 1895, but these were painted on discs and his technique was no more advanced than similar earlier demonstrations (for instance those by
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239:, as it did not dry and harden (unlike normal clay) and was much more malleable than its harder and greasier Italian predecessor plasteline.
1183:
537:
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1115:
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850:
1214:
1107:
Who's who in animated cartoons : an international guide to film & television's award-winning and legendary animators
934:
655:
304:
251:
751:
England & Wales, National
Probate Calendar (Index of Wills and Administrations), 1858-1966 - Frank Percy Smith (1945)
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370:, Italian animation director, cartoonist, illustrator, playwright, and screenwriter, (directed the animated films
310:
1017:
1138:
603:
187:
284:
803:
631:
The Cinema in Flux: The
Evolution of Motion Picture Technology from the Magic Lantern to the Digital Era
2387:
568:
Frierson, Michael (1993). "The
Invention of Plasticine and the Use of Clay in Early Motion Pictures".
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223:. It was further developed by Claude Chavant in 1892 and trademarked in 1927. It is a form of
55:
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33:
29:
1239:, translated by Catherine G. Sundström and Anne Libby, Stockholm, Almqvist and Wiksell, 1971.
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1203:(2nd ed.). Cambridge: Belknap Press of Harvard University Press. p. xxxviii.
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427:, co-creator of the cel animation technique which he patented in 1914, worked for
726:
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436:
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1077:
581:
1078:"Innovative Animators: Early American Animation Featured in American Memory"
440:
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336:
332:
299:
228:
392:
589:
1251:
European
Culture in a Changing World: Between Nationalism and Globalism
955:
216:
1274:
1264:
Daniel
Robbins, Grove Art Online, Oxford University Press, MoMA, 2009
1237:
Viking
Eggeling, 1880–1925, Artist and Filmmaker: Life and Work
525:
The great art of light and shadow : archaeology of the cinema
121:
113:
108:
103:
99:
95:
202:
before 1882. Only a handful of examples are known to still exist.
503:
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136:
1278:
1053:
Hollywood cartoons : American animation in its golden age
925:
Gaetana
Marrone, Paolo Puppa (cured by) (26 December 2006).
556:
The
Sculptor’s Way: A Guide to Modelling and Sculpture
421:, American animator, film director and comics artist (
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2164:
2101:
2038:
1975:
1912:
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1786:
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17:
1167:
979:Century of the Child: Growing by Design, 1900-2000
235:, which would become the favourite product for
1134:Cartoons: One hundred years of cinema animation
283:, British naturalist and filmmaker, pioneer of
1290:
1110:. Hal Leonard Corporation. pp. 149–150.
656:"Compleat Eadweard Muybridge - Muy Blog 2009"
8:
1022:. University Press of Kentucky. p. 31.
558:. Farrar & Rinehart, Inc, New York, p. 8
1056:. Oxford University Press. pp. 14–15.
1297:
1283:
1275:
1215:"Symphonie Diagonale by Viking Eggeling"
1137:. Translated by Anna Taraboletti-Segre.
927:Encyclopedia of Italian Literary Studies
880:Silent Era: Progressive Silent Film List
977:Juliet Kinchin, Aidan O'Connor (2012).
855:US Library of Congress: American Memory
516:
1019:Animating Space: From Mickey to WALL-E
804:"Tony Sarg is Dead; Artist, Puppeteer"
608:International Photography Hall of Fame
468:, American actor (voice of Bashful in
772:The Encyclopedia of Animated Cartoons
7:
540:. sculpturetools.com. Archived from
198:. He did not attempt to market his
981:. The Museum of Modern Art, 2012.
496:(directed the animated short film
14:
1174:. Chicago Review Press. pp.
492:artist and filmmaker, pioneer of
196:Société française de photographie
1253:, Cambridge Scholars Press, 2004
396:which featured the character of
215:(or Plasteline) was patented in
1131:Bendazzi, Giannalberto (1994).
775:. Checkmark Books. p. 46.
604:"Eadward Muybridge (1830–1904)"
471:Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs
305:To Demonstrate How Spiders Fly
252:California School of Fine Arts
250:was introduced in 1880 at the
1:
1166:Jerry Beck (1 October 2005).
904:. Fantagraphics Books, 2005.
813:. New York City. 8 March 1942
628:Lipton, Lenny (2021-04-07).
1201:The Dada Painters and Poets
1199:Motherwell, Robert (1981).
2425:
679:"Smith, Percy (1880-1945)"
433:The Van Beuren Corporation
1050:Barrier, Michael (1999).
311:Fight for the Dardanelles
200:praxinoscope a projection
194:projection device at the
1249:Daniel Meyer-Dinkgräfe,
1170:The Animated Movie Guide
1139:Indiana University Press
660:www.stephenherbert.co.uk
554:Putman, Brenda, (1939).
227:for use in building and
758:(subscription required)
1104:Lenburg, Jeff (2006).
1016:Telotte, J.P. (2010).
769:Lenburg, Jeff (1999).
386:), contributor to the
285:time-lapse photography
231:.It is a precursor of
727:"Twenty famous films"
376:The Land of the Frogs
206:Specific date unknown
188:Charles-Émile Reynaud
837:Academy Film Archive
833:"Preserved Projects"
666:on January 19, 2018.
1083:Library of Congress
929:. Routledge, 2006.
707:wildfilmhistory.org
634:. Springer Nature.
544:on August 20, 2008.
499:Symphonie diagonale
445:Walt Disney Company
347:Tony Sarg's Almanac
293:microcinematography
1306:Years in animation
900:Craig Yoe (2008).
876:"The First Circus"
851:"The First Circus"
811:The New York Times
494:abstract animation
372:Paese dei Ranocchi
335:, German-American
256:Franz von Uchatius
248:Eadweard Muybridge
79: ·
73: ·
23:Years in animation
2409:1880 in animation
2396:
2395:
1063:978-0-19-503759-3
641:978-1-0716-0951-4
523:Laurent Mannoni,
339:and illustrator (
172:1880 in animation
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1235:Louise O'Konor,
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1217:. { feuilleton }
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1185:978-156976-222-6
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384:The Seven Colors
342:The First Circus
289:microphotography
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380:I sette colori
368:Antonio Rubino
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281:F. Percy Smith
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