201:
96:
633:
118:
27:
299:
The referendum was held on 20 June 1926. A large majority of those who voted voted in favour of expropriation without compensation. However, the
Constitution required that a majority of all eligible voters had to vote in favour of a referendum proposal for it to become law. This did not happen due to
237:
came into effect in August 1919. Article 153 stated that property could only be expropriated for public welfare and with appropriate compensation. The article was designed to protect property rights in general and was not directly aimed at solving the issue of princely expropriation. Nevertheless, it
290:
that the intended expropriations did not serve the public interest but represented nothing more than fraudulent conversion of assets for political reasons. This was not permitted by the
Constitution. On 24 April 1926, the Luther government expressly confirmed the President's legal opinion. For this
232:
of
November 1918 had not settled the question of what to do with the property of Germany's now former ruling houses. Policy was left up to individual states, many of which made settlements involving some sort of seizure of property. The issue was settled indirectly on a federal level when the
275:
all saw such attempts as extremist attacks on property rights. The DVP and the DNVP also opposed these attempts due to their monarchist leanings, although both parties had relegated a restoration to a long-term goal by this stage, effectively recognising the republic. The
Communists and the
276:
Socialists hoped that the public would be more sympathetic. By 1926, over 30,000 signatures expressing support for expropriation without compensation were gathered. This forced a referendum on the issue, under
Article 73 of the Weimar Constitution.
291:
reason, a simple majority was not sufficient for the success of the referendum, and it needed support from 50 percent of those eligible to vote, about 20 million voters. It was not expected that these numbers would be achieved.
258:
parties believed in expropriating the former ruling houses without giving compensation. Attempts to make this happen through the
Reichstag always failed due to the opposition of the other parties. The liberal
1136:
553:
West (1985), p. 10. The
Constitution actually required that the proposition go through the Reichstag before it went to a referendum. As was expected, the measure failed in the Reichstag.
1012:
412:
213:
238:
made the princes safe from the threat of losing their property without being compensated. In addition to this the courts of
Germany had largely remained unchanged since the
1027:
1022:
949:
944:
939:
791:
786:
1088:
1083:
1093:
1043:
984:
979:
974:
969:
964:
959:
954:
1113:
781:
656:
599:
621:
661:
220:
on 20 June 1926. Although a majority of those who voted voted in favour, the voter turnout of 39% was too low for the proposal to pass into law.
1108:
771:
751:
443:
908:
280:
1078:
1058:
1017:
229:
1167:
1118:
776:
255:
1131:
1098:
1007:
921:
916:
846:
841:
836:
831:
826:
821:
816:
811:
806:
801:
796:
766:
272:
1068:
1048:
746:
1162:
1103:
1063:
1053:
931:
1126:
1073:
614:
465:
896:
891:
886:
881:
876:
871:
866:
861:
856:
851:
761:
756:
741:
736:
731:
726:
721:
716:
711:
706:
701:
696:
691:
686:
681:
676:
671:
651:
666:
251:
1172:
1157:
607:
200:
264:
260:
994:
268:
637:
283:
234:
493:
485:
439:
477:
286:
added a hurdle to the success of the referendum. On that day, he informed
Justice Minister
1151:
431:
239:
287:
489:
242:
and so usually sided with the princes when expropriation cases came up.
632:
497:
217:
594:
A Crisis of the Weimar
Republic: The German Referendum of 20 June 1926
542:
A Crisis of the Weimar Republic: The German Referendum of 20 June 1926
481:
603:
544:, Philadelphia: The American Philosophical Society, p. 275.
587:
The Weimar Republic: The Crisis of Classical Modernity
214:
expropriate the property of the former ruling houses
993:
930:
907:
644:
596:, Philadelphia: The American Philosophical Society.
413:
Expropriation of the Princes in the Weimar Republic
71:
63:
466:"The German Referendum on the Princes' Property"
615:
19:1926 German property expropriation referendum
8:
18:
622:
608:
600:
302:
67:Proposal rejected due to low voter turnout
511:
509:
507:
77:
561:
559:
424:
398:
387:
376:
365:
354:
350:
339:
1041:See also: Elections and referendums in
536:
534:
17:
388:
377:
366:
355:
307:
7:
638:Elections and referendums in Germany
436:Elections in Europe: A data handbook
519:, New York: Octagon Books, p. 160.
14:
580:Monarchism in the Weimar Republic
517:Monarchism in the Weimar Republic
470:American Political Science Review
631:
199:
116:
94:
25:
1:
464:Gosnell, Harold F. (1927).
434:& Philip Stöver (2010)
400:Source: Nohlen & Stöver
1189:
589:, New York: Hill and Wang.
582:, New York: Octagon Books.
1168:1926 elections in Germany
1036:
454:Nohlen & Stöver, p769
399:
389:Registered voters/turnout
351:
340:
329:
318:
313:
310:
198:
189:
174:Registered voters/turnout
88:
85:
76:
39:
23:
592:West, Franklin, (1985),
585:Peukert, Detlev (1987),
578:Kaufman, Walter (1973),
540:West, Franklin, (1985),
515:Kaufman, Walter (1973),
645:Parliamentary elections
528:Kaufman (1973), p. 161.
145:Invalid or blank votes
1163:Referendums in Germany
1089:North Rhine-Westphalia
1084:Mecklenburg-Vorpommern
909:Presidential elections
1132:Free State of Prussia
269:Catholic Centre Party
246:Push for a referendum
1094:Rhineland-Palatinate
271:and the nationalist
565:West (1985), p. 11.
367:Invalid/blank votes
304:
300:low voter turnout.
235:Weimar Constitution
20:
1114:Schleswig-Holstein
932:European elections
303:
230:violent revolution
1145:
1144:
1044:Baden-Württemberg
444:978-3-8329-5609-7
404:
403:
210:
209:
185:
184:
54:
53:
1180:
1173:June 1926 events
1158:1926 referendums
636:
635:
624:
617:
610:
601:
566:
563:
554:
551:
545:
538:
529:
526:
520:
513:
502:
501:
461:
455:
452:
446:
429:
305:
212:A referendum to
205:Results by kreis
203:
194:
193:
175:
120:
119:
98:
97:
78:
59:
58:
41:
40:
35:
34:
30:
29:
28:
21:
1188:
1187:
1183:
1182:
1181:
1179:
1178:
1177:
1148:
1147:
1146:
1141:
1032:
989:
926:
903:
640:
630:
628:
575:
570:
569:
564:
557:
552:
548:
539:
532:
527:
523:
514:
505:
482:10.2307/1945543
463:
462:
458:
453:
449:
430:
426:
421:
409:
297:
248:
226:
206:
192:
191:
190:
173:
117:
95:
83:
57:
56:
55:
33:
32:
31:
26:
24:
12:
11:
5:
1186:
1184:
1176:
1175:
1170:
1165:
1160:
1150:
1149:
1143:
1142:
1140:
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1134:
1129:
1121:
1116:
1111:
1106:
1101:
1096:
1091:
1086:
1081:
1076:
1071:
1066:
1061:
1056:
1051:
1046:
1037:
1034:
1033:
1031:
1030:
1025:
1020:
1015:
1010:
1005:
999:
997:
991:
990:
988:
987:
982:
977:
972:
967:
962:
957:
952:
947:
942:
936:
934:
928:
927:
925:
924:
919:
913:
911:
905:
904:
902:
901:
894:
889:
884:
879:
874:
869:
864:
859:
854:
849:
844:
839:
834:
829:
824:
819:
814:
809:
804:
799:
794:
789:
784:
779:
774:
769:
764:
759:
754:
749:
744:
739:
734:
729:
724:
719:
714:
709:
704:
699:
694:
689:
684:
679:
674:
669:
664:
659:
654:
648:
646:
642:
641:
629:
627:
626:
619:
612:
604:
598:
597:
590:
583:
574:
571:
568:
567:
555:
546:
530:
521:
503:
476:(1): 119–123.
456:
447:
423:
422:
420:
417:
416:
415:
408:
405:
402:
401:
397:
396:
393:
390:
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382:
379:
375:
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368:
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353:
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345:
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338:
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334:
331:
327:
326:
323:
320:
316:
315:
312:
309:
296:
293:
247:
244:
225:
222:
208:
207:
204:
196:
195:
187:
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183:
182:
179:
176:
170:
169:
164:
159:
153:
152:
149:
146:
142:
141:
138:
135:
131:
130:
127:
124:
113:
112:
107:
102:
91:
90:
87:
84:
81:
74:
73:
69:
68:
65:
61:
60:
52:
51:
49:
44:
37:
36:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1185:
1174:
1171:
1169:
1166:
1164:
1161:
1159:
1156:
1155:
1153:
1138:
1135:
1133:
1130:
1128:
1125:
1122:
1120:
1117:
1115:
1112:
1110:
1109:Saxony-Anhalt
1107:
1105:
1102:
1100:
1097:
1095:
1092:
1090:
1087:
1085:
1082:
1080:
1077:
1075:
1072:
1070:
1067:
1065:
1062:
1060:
1057:
1055:
1052:
1050:
1047:
1045:
1042:
1039:
1038:
1035:
1029:
1026:
1024:
1021:
1019:
1016:
1014:
1011:
1009:
1006:
1004:
1001:
1000:
998:
996:
992:
986:
983:
981:
978:
976:
973:
971:
968:
966:
963:
961:
958:
956:
953:
951:
948:
946:
943:
941:
938:
937:
935:
933:
929:
923:
920:
918:
915:
914:
912:
910:
906:
900:
899:
895:
893:
890:
888:
885:
883:
880:
878:
875:
873:
870:
868:
865:
863:
860:
858:
855:
853:
850:
848:
845:
843:
840:
838:
835:
833:
830:
828:
825:
823:
820:
818:
815:
813:
810:
808:
805:
803:
800:
798:
795:
793:
790:
788:
785:
783:
780:
778:
775:
773:
770:
768:
765:
763:
760:
758:
755:
753:
750:
748:
745:
743:
740:
738:
735:
733:
730:
728:
725:
723:
720:
718:
715:
713:
710:
708:
705:
703:
700:
698:
695:
693:
690:
688:
685:
683:
680:
678:
675:
673:
670:
668:
665:
663:
660:
658:
655:
653:
650:
649:
647:
643:
639:
634:
625:
620:
618:
613:
611:
606:
605:
602:
595:
591:
588:
584:
581:
577:
576:
572:
562:
560:
556:
550:
547:
543:
537:
535:
531:
525:
522:
518:
512:
510:
508:
504:
499:
495:
491:
487:
483:
479:
475:
471:
467:
460:
457:
451:
448:
445:
441:
437:
433:
432:Dieter Nohlen
428:
425:
418:
414:
411:
410:
406:
394:
391:
383:
380:
372:
369:
361:
358:
346:
343:
335:
332:
328:
324:
321:
317:
306:
301:
294:
292:
289:
285:
282:
279:On 15 March,
277:
274:
270:
266:
262:
257:
253:
245:
243:
241:
236:
231:
223:
221:
219:
215:
202:
197:
188:
180:
177:
172:
171:
168:
165:
163:
160:
158:
155:
154:
150:
147:
144:
143:
139:
136:
133:
132:
128:
125:
123:
115:
114:
111:
108:
106:
103:
101:
93:
92:
80:
79:
75:
70:
66:
62:
50:
48:
45:
43:
42:
38:
22:
16:
1137:East Prussia
1127:East Germany
1123:
1079:Lower Saxony
1040:
1002:
897:
593:
586:
579:
573:Bibliography
549:
541:
524:
516:
473:
469:
459:
450:
435:
427:
298:
288:Wilhelm Marx
278:
249:
240:Imperial era
227:
216:was held in
211:
166:
161:
156:
134:Valid votes
121:
109:
104:
99:
47:20 June 1926
46:
15:
1059:Brandenburg
995:Referendums
767:1932 (July)
378:Total votes
356:Valid votes
178:39,707,919
157:Total votes
137:15,032,918
1152:Categories
782:1933 (Nov)
777:1933 (Mar)
772:1932 (Nov)
752:1924 (Dec)
747:1924 (May)
662:1867 (Aug)
657:1867 (Feb)
419:References
392:39,707,919
381:15,592,508
359:15,032,918
344:15,032,918
322:14,447,891
284:Hindenburg
224:Background
162:15,592,508
105:14,447,891
1119:Thuringia
490:0003-0554
281:President
256:Socialist
252:Communist
1099:Saarland
407:See also
148:559,590
126:585,027
1124:former:
1069:Hamburg
1049:Bavaria
498:1945543
438:, p762
370:559,590
333:585,027
330:Against
295:Results
218:Germany
181:39.27%
167:100.00%
140:96.41%
72:Results
64:Outcome
1104:Saxony
1064:Bremen
1054:Berlin
496:
488:
442:
384:100.00
347:100.00
308:Choice
267:, the
151:3.59%
129:3.89%
110:96.11%
86:Votes
82:Choice
1074:Hesse
494:JSTOR
395:39.27
362:96.41
341:Total
325:96.11
311:Votes
1028:1938
1023:1936
1018:1934
1013:1933
1008:1929
1003:1926
985:2024
980:2019
975:2014
970:2009
965:2004
960:1999
955:1994
950:1989
945:1984
940:1979
922:1932
917:1925
898:2025
892:2021
887:2017
882:2013
877:2009
872:2005
867:2002
862:1998
857:1994
852:1990
847:1987
842:1983
837:1980
832:1976
827:1972
822:1969
817:1965
812:1961
807:1957
802:1953
797:1949
792:1938
787:1936
762:1930
757:1928
742:1920
737:1919
732:1912
727:1907
722:1903
717:1898
712:1893
707:1890
702:1887
697:1884
692:1881
687:1878
682:1877
677:1874
672:1871
667:1868
652:1848
486:ISSN
440:ISBN
373:3.59
336:3.89
273:DNVP
263:and
254:and
250:The
228:The
478:doi
319:For
265:DVP
261:DDP
100:Yes
1154::
558:^
533:^
506:^
492:.
484:.
474:21
472:.
468:.
122:No
89:%
623:e
616:t
609:v
500:.
480::
314:%
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